CN113412783A - Breeding method of kelp winter seedlings - Google Patents
Breeding method of kelp winter seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006543 gametophyte development Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Seaweed (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a breeding method of kelp winter seedlings, which comprises the following steps: s1 kinds of kelp are cultivated; s2 seedling collection; s3 seedling raising. The breeding method of the kelp winter seedlings fills the technical blank that the traditional kelp does not have the winter seedlings, so that the production of seedling breeding enterprises and the culture activities of farmers are not interrupted, the seedling breeding enterprises can breed more kelp seedlings in one season, the farmers can breed more kelp seedlings in one season, great economic benefits are created for the society, and the income level of related enterprises and farmers is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of kelp seedling culture, in particular to a breeding method of kelp winter seedlings.
Background
Kelp is a single species with the largest cultivation area and yield all over the world. Since the 80 s in the twentieth century, the kelp cultivation scale and the yield of China are always stable at the first international position. At present, kelp becomes one of two common edible seaweeds in coastal and inland people life, and has the outstanding advantages of long storage period, convenient dietary processing, balanced nutrition and the like, in 2019 years, the total breeding amount of kelp seedlings in China reaches 370 hundred million plants, the breeding area is 4.4 million hectares, and the total breeding yield reaches 162.4 million tons.
The method comprises the steps of carrying out kelp cultivation in China from the 50 th century, and sequentially testing and producing autumn seedlings, summer seedlings, early autumn seedlings, cross summer seedlings, spring seedlings and second year seedlings since artificial raft culture of kelp is carried out. The kelp is divided according to the seedling raising season, and according to the months of the current season, the spring is 3 months to 5 months, the summer is 6 months to 8 months, the autumn is 9 months to 11 months, and the winter is 12 months to 2 months of the next year. For example, before liberation and in the initial establishment of new China, the wild kelp parents are used for collecting spores on the kelp to breed seedlings, which are called autumn seedlings, and the seedlings are bred mainly by depending on the natural environment conditions of sea areas, so that the method belongs to a propagation technology; in the last 50 th century, old scientists in China established a technology for breeding kelp seedlings in indoor worker seedling raising facilities in spring and summer, and the technology is named as summer seedlings.
The whole cultivation process of the kelp comprises the following steps: collecting spores from sporocysts of the planted kelp, breeding the spores into kelp seedlings (kelp seedling breeding technology), breeding the kelp seedlings into large kelp seedlings (kelp seedling breeding technology), and finally dispersedly breeding the large kelp seedlings into large kelp (kelp breeding technology). At present, the breeding of the kelp seedlings in China generally takes 9 to 11 months, the kelp seedlings cannot be bred after 12 months in winter, the kelp seedlings cannot be bred in one season, enterprises cannot continuously breed the kelp seedlings, the kelp seedlings cannot be bred for fishermen, great economic losses are caused to related seedling breeding enterprises and farmers, and great influences are caused to the sale of kelp products.
However, a technique for breeding kelp seedlings in winter is lacked so far, the industry always considers that the kelp seedlings are not suitable for seedling breeding in winter, and no research is carried out on the winter seedling breeding technique.
The method is characterized in that the seeds are used as the first seeds by farmers, the seeds are basic production data of the agricultural industry, the research on the breeding technology of the kelp seeds and the practical work of production are enhanced, the method is the fundamental guarantee of the development of the kelp industry and is also the important basis of the sustainable development of the industry.
Through years of continuous research and development, the method overcomes numerous technical problems, finally completes the kelp winter seedling breeding technology, the kelp winter seedling culture technology by using a laver culture area and the subsequent research and industrial application work of processing of kelp sprout products, fills the technical blank in the field, and brings great economic benefits to the whole industry.
The applicant has encountered numerous problems in the course of its development, among which there are two biggest difficulties: one is the problem of kelp planting, spores for breeding kelp winter seedlings are provided by kelp seeds, sporangium on the kelp seeds generally cannot be broken after being persisted for 12 months, spores are released, and how to delay the sporocysts on the kelp seeds to be mature for 12 months and then collect the spores is an important difficulty; secondly, after the spores are collected, how to breed the kelp winter seedlings meeting the requirements under the premise of ensuring the survival rate, the rotten rate and the like in the weather environment in winter is also an important difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a breeding method of kelp seedlings in winter, which solves the defect that the prior art lacks a technology for breeding kelp seedlings in winter.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a breeding method of kelp winter seedlings comprises the following steps:
cultivation of S1 kinds of kelp
S1.1 selection
Selecting seed kelp which grows well and does not form sporangia from the middle ten days of 6 months to the last ten days of 7 months, trimming and washing the seed kelp, and then moving the seed kelp into a seedling growing room;
s1.2 indoor cultivation
The seed kelp is fixed on the string ropes at intervals, then the string ropes are fixed in a seed kelp cultivating pool in a seedling cultivating room, low-temperature seawater is introduced into the seed kelp cultivating pool in advance, the temperature of the low-temperature seawater is kept at 7.5-9 ℃, the low-temperature seawater in the seed kelp cultivating pool is kept for 24 hours to continuously flow circularly, and at least 1/3 low-temperature seawater is replaced every day;
the seedling growing room is a transparent glass room which can be naturally lighted, the transparent glass room adjusts the incident light through a shading device, and the light intensity in the transparent glass room is kept to be 1000-3000 lx;
s2 seedling collection
S2.1 diffusion
In last 12 months, selecting seed kelp which grows well and has a sporangium ratio area larger than 70%, cleaning the seed kelp by using low-temperature seawater at 9-11 ℃, putting the seed kelp into a diffusing container in a seedling growing room, stirring and diffusing the seed kelp, injecting the low-temperature seawater at 3-10 ℃ into the diffusing container, and controlling the illumination intensity to be 1000-2000 lx;
after the diffusion is finished, taking out the seed kelp, and filtering mucus and impurities;
s2.2 spatfall
Introducing low-temperature seawater at the temperature of 8-10 ℃ into a seedling attaching pool in a seedling raising room, pouring spore water in a diffusing container into the seedling attaching pool for uniformly mixing and diluting, vertically placing a seedling curtain wetted by the low-temperature seawater in advance after uniformly mixing and diluting, and fully paving the seedling attaching pool for attaching seedlings;
s3 seedling raising
The seedling curtain after attaching seedlings is moved to a seedling raising pond in a seedling raising room to be fixed, the seedling raising pond is filled with low-temperature seawater which circularly flows, the growth and development conditions are observed through a microscope every day, and the control of water temperature, illumination, nutrient salt and water changing proportion is carried out according to different development stages, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
in the germination stage of the zoospores, the water temperature is 8-9 ℃, and the illumination is 800-1000 lx;
in the gametophyte stage, the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 900-1200 lx, the sodium nitrate is 0.4-0.6 ppm, the monopotassium phosphate is 0.04-0.06 ppm, and the proportion of the new seawater is 30% every 24 hours;
in the gametophyte development stage, the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 1000-1500 lx, the sodium nitrate is 0.9-1.1 ppm, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.09-0.11 ppm, and the proportion of changing fresh seawater every 24 hours is 40 percent;
in the juvenile sporophyte forming stage, the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 1200-1600 lx, the sodium nitrate is 0.9-1.1 ppm, the monopotassium phosphate is 0.09-0.11 ppm, and the proportion of the new seawater is 50% every 24 hours;
1-4 rows of cells, namely, the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 1400-1800 lx, the sodium nitrate is 0.9-1.1 ppm, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.09-0.11 ppm, and the proportion of the new seawater is 50% every 24 hours;
4-16 rows of cells, wherein the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 1600-2000 lx, the sodium nitrate is 1.9-2.1 ppm, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.3-0.5 ppm, and the proportion of the new seawater is 50% every 24 hours;
in the stage of 2-4 mm of sporophyte, the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 18600-2200 lx, the sodium nitrate is 1.9-2.1 ppm, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.3-0.5 ppm, and the proportion of the fresh seawater is 50% every 24 hours;
in the stage of sporophyte being 4-8 mm, the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 3500-5000 lx, the sodium nitrate is 1.9-2.1 ppm, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.3-0.5 ppm, and the proportion of the new seawater is 50% every 24 hours;
in the 8-12 mm stage of sporophyte, the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 3500-5000 lx, the sodium nitrate is 1.9-2.1 ppm, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.3-0.5 ppm, and the proportion of the new seawater is 50% every 24 hours;
at the stage of 12-20 mm of sporophyte, the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 4500-5000 lx, the sodium nitrate is 1.9-2.1 ppm, the monopotassium phosphate is 0.3-0.5 ppm, and the proportion of the new seawater is 50% every 24 hours;
the seedling raising time is 43-47 days, and the seedlings are discharged from the warehouse in the middle and late 1 month.
Further, the seedling growing room, the kelp cultivating pool, the diffusing container, the seedling attaching pool, a water circulation system matched with the water circulation system and a refrigerating system matched with the refrigeration system for cooling seawater are disinfected before use.
Further, sodium hypochlorite solution is adopted for disinfection, and fresh water is used for washing for 1-2 times after disinfection.
Further, the S1.1 selecting step further comprises primary selection, wherein primary seed selection is carried out from the last ten days of 5 months to the last 6 months, seed kelp which is free of deformity and rottenness, thick and flexible leaves, flat and flat, has a width of more than 35cm, thick and glossy color and does not form sporangia is selected, sludge and mixed algae attached to the surface of the seed kelp are cleaned, the seed kelp is temporarily cultured in a marine culture area, flat culture is adopted, and when the water temperature is increased to 23 ℃, the seed kelp is gradually lowered to the position with the water depth of 2 m; the mariculture area is open water flow, the depth of water is 10m after the ebb tide, and the transparent change is less than 0.5 m.
Further, in the S1.1 selecting step, trimming comprises shearing off the edges, tips and rhizoids of leaves of the seed kelp, and reserving 1.8-2.2 cm of handles and 60-80 cm of leaves.
Further, in the S1.2 indoor cultivation step, the distance between the kelp seeds planted on the string ropes is 9-11 cm, the distance between the string ropes is 50-60 cm, and 15-20 kelp seeds are bound to each string rope.
Further, in the S1.2 indoor cultivation step, a hole puncher is used for punching a position, 1 cm-2 cm away from the handle, of the center of the base part of the leaf of the seed kelp, a nylon rope or a polyethylene rope is used as a string rope, the seed kelp is fixed on the string rope, and the diameter of the string rope is 0.4-0.6 cm.
Further, in the S2.1 diffusing step, a 150-200-mesh filter screen is adopted to filter mucus and impurities, and the diffusing container is a diffusing tank or a diffusing barrel.
Further, in the step S2.1, spore water is taken from the diffusion container, the number of zoospores is observed under a field of view of 100 times of a microscope, and the diffusion is stopped when the number of zoospores reaches 150 or more per field of view; in the S2.2 seedling adhering step, taking a water body in a seedling adhering pool, observing the number of free spores under the 100-time visual field of a microscope, and stopping uniformly mixing and diluting when the number of the free spores reaches 3-5 in each visual field; and S2.2, vertically placing glass slides bound with ropes at the upper, middle and lower positions in the longitudinal direction of the seedling culture pond, regularly observing the spore attachment quantity on the glass slides, and finishing seedling attachment when the spore attachment density of each visual field reaches 25-30 under the 100-time visual field of a microscope.
Further, in the step of S3 seedling raising, a wood rod or a seedling curtain frame is installed in the seedling raising pool, and two seedling curtains are connected and fixed to the wood rod or the seedling curtain frame by a rope.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the breeding method of the kelp winter seedlings fills the technical blank that the traditional kelp does not have the winter seedlings, so that the production of seedling breeding enterprises and the culture activities of farmers are not interrupted, the seedling breeding enterprises can breed more kelp seedlings in one season, the farmers can breed more kelp seedlings in one season, great economic benefits are created for the society, and the income level of related enterprises and farmers is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A breeding method of kelp winter seedlings comprises the following steps:
cultivation of S1 kinds of kelp
S1.1 selection
Primarily selecting seeds from the last ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 6 months, selecting seed kelp which has no deformity and disease rot, thick leaves, flexibility, flatness, width of more than 35cm, thick color and luster and no sporangium, cleaning sludge and miscellaneous algae attached to the surface of the seed kelp, temporarily culturing in a marine culture area, adopting flat culture, and gradually lowering the seed kelp to a water depth of 2m when the water temperature is raised to 23 ℃; the offshore culture area is open water, the depth of the sea is 10m after the tide is removed, and the transparent change is less than 0.5 m;
selecting seed kelp which grows well and does not form sporangia from the middle ten days to the last 7 months, trimming, cutting off the edges, tips and rhizomes of leaves of the seed kelp, reserving 1.8-2.2 cm of stems and 60-80 cm of leaves, washing, and moving into a seedling raising room;
s1.2 indoor cultivation
Punching a part, which is 1-2 cm away from a handle, of the center of the base part of a leaf of a seed kelp by using a puncher, fixing the seed kelp on a string rope by using a nylon rope or a polyethylene rope as the string rope, wherein the diameter of the string rope is 0.4-0.6 cm, the distance between the seed kelp on the string rope is 9-11 cm, the distance between the string ropes is 50-60 cm, each string rope is preferably bound with 15-20 seed kelp, then two ends of the string rope are fixed in a seed kelp cultivation pond in a seedling room, low-temperature seawater is introduced into the seed kelp cultivation pond in advance, the temperature of the low-temperature seawater is kept at 7.5-9 ℃, the low-temperature seawater in the seed kelp cultivation pond is kept for 24 hours to continuously circulate, and at least 1/3 of low-temperature seawater is replaced every day;
further, in the S1.2 indoor cultivation step,
the seedling growing room is a transparent glass room which can be naturally lighted, the transparent glass room adjusts the incident light through a shading device, and the light intensity in the transparent glass room is kept to be 1000-3000 lx;
s2 seedling collection
S2.1 diffusion
In last 12 months, selecting seed kelp which grows well and has a sporangium ratio area larger than 70%, cleaning the seed kelp by using low-temperature seawater at 9-11 ℃, putting the seed kelp into a diffusing container in a seedling growing room, stirring and diffusing, injecting the low-temperature seawater at 3-10 ℃ into the diffusing container, controlling the illumination intensity to be 1000-2000 lx, and selecting a diffusing tank or a diffusing barrel for the diffusing container;
taking the uniformly stirred spore water by using a test tube or a beaker, observing the quantity of the zoospores under the visual field of 100 times of a microscope, and stopping diffusing when the quantity of the zoospores reaches 150 or more in each visual field;
after the diffusion is finished, taking out the seed kelp, and filtering mucus and impurities, wherein a filter screen of 150-200 meshes can be adopted for filtering;
s2.2 spatfall
Introducing low-temperature seawater at 8-10 ℃ into a seedling attaching pool in a seedling raising room, pouring spore water in a diffusing container into the seedling attaching pool for uniformly mixing and diluting, taking water bodies at different positions, observing the number of free spores under the 100-time visual field of a microscope, stopping uniformly mixing and diluting when the number of the free spores reaches 3-5 in each visual field, vertically placing a seedling curtain wetted by the low-temperature seawater in advance in the seedling attaching pool after uniformly mixing and diluting, attaching seedlings, vertically placing glass slides bound with ropes at the upper, middle and lower positions in the longitudinal direction of the seedling raising pool, periodically observing the number of the spores attached on the glass slides, and finishing seedling attaching when the spore attachment density of each visual field reaches 25-30 in the 100-time visual field of the microscope;
s3 seedling raising
Install wooden pole or seedling curtain frame in growing seedlings the pond, link to each other two double-phase of seedling curtain and fix on wooden pole or seedling curtain frame through the rope, grow seedlings the pond and let in circulating flow's low temperature sea water, observe the growth condition through the microscope every day, according to different developmental stage, carry out temperature, illumination, nutritive salt and trade the control of water proportion, specifically as follows:
in the germination stage of the zoospores, the water temperature is 8-9 ℃, and the illumination is 800-1000 lx;
in the gametophyte stage, the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 900-1200 lx, the sodium nitrate is 0.4-0.6 ppm, the monopotassium phosphate is 0.04-0.06 ppm, and the proportion of the new seawater is 30% every 24 hours;
in the gametophyte development stage, the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 1000-1500 lx, the sodium nitrate is 0.9-1.1 ppm, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.09-0.11 ppm, and the proportion of changing fresh seawater every 24 hours is 40 percent;
in the juvenile sporophyte forming stage, the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 1200-1600 lx, the sodium nitrate is 0.9-1.1 ppm, the monopotassium phosphate is 0.09-0.11 ppm, and the proportion of the new seawater is 50% every 24 hours;
1-4 rows of cells, namely, the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 1400-1800 lx, the sodium nitrate is 0.9-1.1 ppm, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.09-0.11 ppm, and the proportion of the new seawater is 50% every 24 hours;
4-16 rows of cells, wherein the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 1600-2000 lx, the sodium nitrate is 1.9-2.1 ppm, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.3-0.5 ppm, and the proportion of the new seawater is 50% every 24 hours;
in the stage of 2-4 mm of sporophyte, the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 18600-2200 lx, the sodium nitrate is 1.9-2.1 ppm, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.3-0.5 ppm, and the proportion of the fresh seawater is 50% every 24 hours;
in the stage of sporophyte being 4-8 mm, the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 3500-5000 lx, the sodium nitrate is 1.9-2.1 ppm, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.3-0.5 ppm, and the proportion of the new seawater is 50% every 24 hours;
in the 8-12 mm stage of sporophyte, the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 3500-5000 lx, the sodium nitrate is 1.9-2.1 ppm, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.3-0.5 ppm, and the proportion of the new seawater is 50% every 24 hours;
at the stage of 12-20 mm of sporophyte, the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 4500-5000 lx, the sodium nitrate is 1.9-2.1 ppm, the monopotassium phosphate is 0.3-0.5 ppm, and the proportion of the new seawater is 50% every 24 hours;
the seedling raising time is 43-47 days, and the seedlings are discharged from the warehouse in the middle and late 1 month.
Further, the seedling growing room, the kelp cultivating pool, the diffusing container, the seedling attaching pool, a water circulation system matched with the water circulation system and a refrigerating system matched with the refrigeration system for cooling seawater are disinfected before use.
Further, sodium hypochlorite solution is adopted for disinfection, and fresh water is used for washing for 1-2 times after disinfection.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A breeding method of kelp winter seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
cultivation of S1 kinds of kelp
S1.1 selection
Selecting seed kelp which grows well and does not form sporangia from the middle ten days of 6 months to the last ten days of 7 months, trimming and washing the seed kelp, and then moving the seed kelp into a seedling growing room;
s1.2 indoor cultivation
The seed kelp is fixed on the string ropes at intervals, then the string ropes are fixed in a seed kelp cultivating pool in a seedling cultivating room, low-temperature seawater is introduced into the seed kelp cultivating pool in advance, the temperature of the low-temperature seawater is kept at 7.5-9 ℃, the low-temperature seawater in the seed kelp cultivating pool is kept for 24 hours to continuously flow circularly, and at least 1/3 low-temperature seawater is replaced every day;
the seedling growing room is a transparent glass room which can be naturally lighted, the transparent glass room adjusts the incident light through a shading device, and the light intensity in the transparent glass room is kept to be 1000-3000 lx;
s2 seedling collection
S2.1 diffusion
In last 12 months, selecting seed kelp which grows well and has a sporangium ratio area larger than 70%, cleaning the seed kelp by using low-temperature seawater at 9-11 ℃, putting the seed kelp into a diffusing container in a seedling growing room, stirring and diffusing the seed kelp, injecting the low-temperature seawater at 3-10 ℃ into the diffusing container, and controlling the illumination intensity to be 1000-2000 lx;
after the diffusion is finished, taking out the seed kelp, and filtering mucus and impurities;
s2.2 spatfall
Introducing low-temperature seawater at the temperature of 8-10 ℃ into a seedling attaching pool in a seedling raising room, pouring spore water in a diffusing container into the seedling attaching pool for uniformly mixing and diluting, vertically placing a seedling curtain wetted by the low-temperature seawater in advance after uniformly mixing and diluting, and fully paving the seedling attaching pool for attaching seedlings;
s3 seedling raising
The seedling curtain after attaching seedlings is moved to a seedling raising pond in a seedling raising room to be fixed, the seedling raising pond is filled with low-temperature seawater which circularly flows, the growth and development conditions are observed through a microscope every day, and the control of water temperature, illumination, nutrient salt and water changing proportion is carried out according to different development stages, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
in the germination stage of the zoospores, the water temperature is 8-9 ℃, and the illumination is 800-1000 lx;
in the gametophyte stage, the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 900-1200 lx, the sodium nitrate is 0.4-0.6 ppm, the monopotassium phosphate is 0.04-0.06 ppm, and the proportion of the new seawater is 30% every 24 hours;
in the gametophyte development stage, the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 1000-1500 lx, the sodium nitrate is 0.9-1.1 ppm, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.09-0.11 ppm, and the proportion of changing fresh seawater every 24 hours is 40 percent;
in the juvenile sporophyte forming stage, the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 1200-1600 lx, the sodium nitrate is 0.9-1.1 ppm, the monopotassium phosphate is 0.09-0.11 ppm, and the proportion of the new seawater is 50% every 24 hours;
1-4 rows of cells, namely, the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 1400-1800 lx, the sodium nitrate is 0.9-1.1 ppm, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.09-0.11 ppm, and the proportion of the new seawater is 50% every 24 hours;
4-16 rows of cells, wherein the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 1600-2000 lx, the sodium nitrate is 1.9-2.1 ppm, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.3-0.5 ppm, and the proportion of the new seawater is 50% every 24 hours;
in the stage of 2-4 mm of sporophyte, the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 18600-2200 lx, the sodium nitrate is 1.9-2.1 ppm, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.3-0.5 ppm, and the proportion of the fresh seawater is 50% every 24 hours;
in the stage of sporophyte being 4-8 mm, the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 3500-5000 lx, the sodium nitrate is 1.9-2.1 ppm, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.3-0.5 ppm, and the proportion of the new seawater is 50% every 24 hours;
in the 8-12 mm stage of sporophyte, the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 3500-5000 lx, the sodium nitrate is 1.9-2.1 ppm, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.3-0.5 ppm, and the proportion of the new seawater is 50% every 24 hours;
at the stage of 12-20 mm of sporophyte, the water temperature is 9-10 ℃, the illumination is 4500-5000 lx, the sodium nitrate is 1.9-2.1 ppm, the monopotassium phosphate is 0.3-0.5 ppm, and the proportion of the new seawater is 50% every 24 hours;
the seedling raising time is 43-47 days, and the seedlings are discharged from the warehouse in the middle and late 1 month.
2. The method for breeding winter seedlings of kelp as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the seedling growing room, the kelp seedling growing pool, the diffusing container, the seedling attaching pool, the water circulation system matched with the water circulation system and the refrigeration system matched with the refrigeration system for cooling seawater are all disinfected before use.
3. The method for breeding winter seedlings of kelp as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and (3) disinfecting by using a sodium hypochlorite solution, and flushing 1-2 times by using fresh water after disinfection.
4. The method for breeding winter seedlings of kelp as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the S1.1 selecting step further comprises primary selection, primary seed selection is carried out from the last ten days of 5 months to the last 6 months, seed kelp which is free of deformity and disease rot, thick, flexible and flat in leaves, more than 35cm in width, thick in color and glossy and does not form sporangia is selected, sludge and miscellaneous algae attached to the surface of the seed kelp are cleaned, the seed kelp is temporarily cultured in a marine culture area, flat culture is adopted, and when the water temperature rises to 23 ℃, the seed kelp is gradually lowered to the position with the water depth of 2 m;
the mariculture area is open water flow, the depth of water is 10m after the ebb tide, and the transparent change is less than 0.5 m.
5. The method for breeding winter seedlings of kelp as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
in the S1.1 selecting step, trimming comprises shearing off the edges, tips and rhizoids of the leaves of the planted kelp, and reserving 1.8-2.2 cm of handles and 60-80 cm of leaves.
6. The method for breeding winter seedlings of kelp as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
in the S1.2 indoor cultivation step, the distance between the kelp seeds planted on the string ropes is 9-11 cm, the distance between the string ropes is 50-60 cm, and 15-20 kelp seeds are bound to each string rope.
7. The method for breeding winter seedlings of kelp as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
in the S1.2 indoor cultivation step, a puncher is used for punching a position, 1 cm-2 cm away from the handle, of the center of the base part of the leaf of the seed kelp, a nylon rope or a polyethylene rope is used as a string rope, the seed kelp is fixed on the string rope, and the diameter of the string rope is 0.4-0.6 cm.
8. The method for breeding winter seedlings of kelp as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
and in the S2.1 diffusing step, a 150-200-mesh filter screen is adopted to filter mucus and impurities, and the diffusing container is a diffusing tank or a diffusing barrel.
9. The method for breeding winter seedlings of kelp as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
in the S2.1 diffusing step, spore water is taken from a diffusing container, the quantity of the zoospores is observed under the 100-time visual field of a microscope, and the diffusing is stopped when the quantity of the zoospores reaches 150 or more in each visual field;
in the S2.2 seedling adhering step, taking a water body in a seedling adhering pool, observing the number of free spores under the 100-time visual field of a microscope, and stopping uniformly mixing and diluting when the number of the free spores reaches 3-5 in each visual field;
and S2.2, vertically placing glass slides bound with ropes at the upper, middle and lower positions in the longitudinal direction of the seedling culture pond, regularly observing the spore attachment quantity on the glass slides, and finishing seedling attachment when the spore attachment density of each visual field reaches 25-30 under the 100-time visual field of a microscope.
10. The method for breeding winter seedlings of kelp as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the S3 seedling raising step, a wood rod or a seedling curtain frame is arranged in the seedling raising pool, and two seedling curtains are connected and fixed on the wood rod or the seedling curtain frame through a rope.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114503908A (en) * | 2022-03-13 | 2022-05-17 | 威海长青海洋科技股份有限公司 | Kelp seedling culture method for controlling zoospore diffusion through accurate counting |
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