CN105104164A - Quality breeding method for sargassum fusiforme - Google Patents
Quality breeding method for sargassum fusiforme Download PDFInfo
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- CN105104164A CN105104164A CN201510514699.8A CN201510514699A CN105104164A CN 105104164 A CN105104164 A CN 105104164A CN 201510514699 A CN201510514699 A CN 201510514699A CN 105104164 A CN105104164 A CN 105104164A
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- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-mannomethylose Natural products CC1OC(O)C(O)C(O)C1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-DHVFOXMCSA-N L-fucopyranose Chemical compound C[C@@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-DHVFOXMCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-galactopyranuronic acid Natural products OC1OC(C(O)=O)C(O)C(O)C1O AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-VANFPWTGSA-N D-mannopyranuronic acid Chemical compound OC1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-VANFPWTGSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Galacturonsaeure Natural products O=CC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 12
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 6
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- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 241000199919 Phaeophyceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000195475 Sargassaceae Species 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a quality breeding method for sargassum fusiforme. The method comprises the steps that 1, ripe sargassum fusiforme alga bodies are selected to serve as main weeds, the quality ingredients of the main weeds are determined, and the main weeds of which the quality ingredients are in accordance with the following requirements are selected for seedling culturing, wherein the polysaccharide content, by dry weight, of the main weeds is larger than or equal to 40%, and the proportion sum of fucose, guluronic acid and mannuronic acid is larger than or equal to 80% by dry weight of the polysaccharide content of the sargassum fusiforme; 2, after the main weeds which are in accordance with the quality requirements are collected, lower alga bodies of the main weeds are removed, upper and middle alga bodies are retained, a female plant and a male plant are combined into a pair and put in a seedling culturing pool to be cultured for five to eight days, sperms and eggs are released and fertilized to form young embryos, and the young embryos are collected. According to the quality breeding method for the sargassum fusiforme, the breeding effect of the sargassum fusiforme can be significantly improved, the sargassum fusiforme obtained through the breeding method is more uniform in quality and good in breeding effect, the main weeds can be randomly selected for breeding, and the breeding quality of the main weeds is stable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sargassum fusifome cultural technique field, particularly relate to a kind of sargassum fusifome breeding for quality method.
Background technology
Sargassum fusifome (Sargassumfusiforme or Hizikiafusiformis) belongs to Phaeophyta (Phaeophyta), Sargassaceae (Sargassaceae), Hizikia, for the distinctive perennial kelp of Pacific Northwest immediate offshore area, Japan, China, the ocean vegetables of Korea S and Korea coastal area and traditional cuisines are become because of nutritious, unique flavor, edible, medicinal history is long.Dongtou, Wenzhou, Pingyang are that China's sargassum fusifome mainly cultivates, adds building site, and product main exit is to Japan and Korea S.Though China's cultivating sargassum fusiforme has yield heterosis, quality is in a disadvantageous position compared with Japan, Korea S, and export price is suppressed, has a strong impact on productivity effect.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the invention is to propose a kind of sargassum fusifome breeding for quality method, to improve the quality of sargassum fusifome.
Based on above-mentioned purpose, sargassum fusifome breeding for quality method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) select ripe sargassum fusifome frond as planting vegetables, measure the quality component planted vegetables, select quality component to meet planting vegetables of following requirement and carry out nursery: with dry weight basis, polyoses content >=40% planted vegetables, wherein fucose, guluronic acid, mannuronic acid proportion sum >=Hijiki polysaccharide content 80%;
2) after collection meets planting vegetables of quality requirements, remove the bottom frond planted vegetables, retain middle and upper part frond, each 1 strain of male and female is rendered to respectively in pairs in nursery pond and is cultivated 5 ~ 8 days, and essence, ovum discharge and formation rataria of being fertilized, and collect rataria;
3) by rataria spreading on spatfall curtain, through the time of 2 ~ 3 days, rataria on spatfall curtain set growth; Cultivation is continued 3 ~ 4 days by the mode that every day, running water was replaced;
4) spatfall curtain is positioned over natural waters cultivation 120 ~ 150 days, grows into juvenile sporophyte, take off juvenile sporophyte from spatfall curtain, carry out folder seedling, then juvenile sporophyte is placed in natural waters puts in a suitable place to breed;
5) natural waters cultivation 6 ~ 9 months, frond growth and maturity obtain sargassum fusifome.
In some embodiments of the invention, described quality component also meets following requirement: with dry weight basis, protein content >=10% planted vegetables, fat content≤3%.
In some embodiments of the invention, the length of described sargassum fusifome frond is more than 3 meters.
In some embodiments of the invention, in described step 1) before, the seedling seedling rope spacing of being put in a suitable place to breed early stage increases, and makes rope spacing remain on 1 ~ 3.5 meter.
In some embodiments of the invention, in described step 2) in, the sea height in nursery pond is 25 ~ 30cm, and salinity is 20 ~ 28 ‰, and temperature is about 21 ~ 25 DEG C, and pH is 7.8 ~ 8.3.
In some embodiments of the invention, in described step 2) in, will plant vegetables after rendering to nursery pond, and carry out No. 3 ~ 4 hydraulic giants every day and rinse and turn over dish, ensure 100 ~ 200 μm of ol/m
2the intensity of illumination illumination of/s 9 ~ 12 hours.
In some embodiments of the invention, in described step 2) in, the rataria of collection is placed in filtering sea, and leads to oxygen to seawater.
In some embodiments of the invention, in described step 3) in, the rataria quantity on spatfall curtain is 30 ~ 500,000 rataria/m
2.
In some embodiments of the invention, in described step 4) in, after spatfall curtain takes off juvenile sporophyte, if spatfall curtain also remains little juvenile sporophyte, then this spatfall curtain is placed back in holding culture offshore, through 15 ~ 20 days, again fetch spatfall curtain, win juvenile sporophyte, so repeatedly, a slice spatfall curtain repeats to win 3 ~ 4 times.
In some embodiments of the invention, in described step 4) in, be clipped in by the rhizoid of juvenile sporophyte on 200 ~ 400 strands of polyethylene fibre ropes of 3.3 ~ 3.5 meters long, folder seedling spacing is 10 ~ 25cm.
As can be seen from above, sargassum fusifome breeding for quality method provided by the invention can significantly improve the breeding effect of sargassum fusifome, and the sargassum fusifome quality preservation obtained by the method breeding is neat, and Breeding Effect is good, can plant vegetables for breeding by Stochastic choice, and the breeding stay in grade planted vegetables.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in more detail.
---------rataria set growth---juvenile sporophyte growth---frond growth and maturity in next year, obtain the sargassum fusifome strain of high-quality to collect rataria to select satisfactory the planting vegetables of quality component to carry out nursery to measure the quality component planted vegetables.
Embodiment 1
As one embodiment of the present of invention, described sargassum fusifome breeding for quality method comprises the following steps:
1) screening plants vegetables
Before carrying out sargassum fusifome sexual propagation artificial breeding, first to carry out kind of field of vegetables to arrange and planning, generally carry out in annual March, sargassum fusifome frond is now in quick earlier growth, hand labor intensity is less, the seedling seedling rope spacing that the work of arrangement kind of field of vegetables mainly will be put in a suitable place to breed early stage increases, and rope spacing preferably remains on about 3 meters and is advisable, and is the grow excellent nutrient environment of establishment and the illumination condition that plant vegetables.
Treat that mid-May, sargassum fusifome came to the ripening period, the frond that selection robust plant, individuality are comparatively large, air bag is more is as planting vegetables, and removal Development is slow, air bag morphological feature is irregular plants vegetables.Treat late May, after receptacle is fully grown, according to receptacle morphological feature, meticulous comparatively dark, feel stick-slip, homomorphosis the male and female of individuality comparatively large (length is more than 3 meters), color of choosing plant vegetables to hang and sign mark, every strain is got side shoot and is carried out quality determination, select quality component to meet planting vegetables of following requirement and carry out nursery (all with the dry weight basis planted vegetables): polyoses content >=40% planted vegetables, wherein fucose, guluronic acid, mannuronic acid proportion sum >=Hijiki polysaccharide content 80%; Protein content >=10% planted vegetables, fat content≤3%.
2) nursery
The facility of nursery will meet following primary condition, have the nursery pond of reinforced concrete structure, husky pond filtering ponds, and auxiliary plumbing facility, powered lighting facility and Illumination adjusting facility etc.First seedling pond impurity will be cleared up before nursery, and use liquor potassic permanganate cleaning and sterilizing, then, the limpid seawater after filtering is used to clean up, reinject 28 ~ 30cm filtering sea, and the environment of seawater will ensure following primary condition, and salinity will control 20 ~ 24 ‰, temperature will control at about 23 DEG C, and pH value will control 7.8 ~ 8.3.
After collection meets planting vegetables of quality requirements, remove the bottom frond planted vegetables, retain middle and upper part frond, each 1 strain of male and female is rendered to respectively in pairs in nursery pond and is cultivated 5 ~ 6 days, abundant to guarantee the fertilization of ovum.Planting vegetables of different quality, need divide pond to throw in, mix hybridization, cause degeneration to avoid planting vegetables.
Plant vegetables and drop into Miao Chihou, need accomplish the seedling pond management of following several respects, 1. will guaranteeing plants vegetables fully unfolds; 2. will ensure that No. 3 ~ 4 hydraulic giants rinse and turn over dish every day, ensureing to plant vegetables accepts uniform illumination and nutrition; 3. to ensure that seawater contains sufficient dissolved oxygen; 4. to ensure 100 ~ 200 μm of ol/m
2the intensity of illumination illumination of/s 10 ~ 12 hours, 5. has the place of indoor culture condition, should ensure the periodicity of illumination of 12:12 ~ 15:9 as far as possible.
Manually cultivated through 5 ~ 8 days, plant vegetables and will carry out sexual propagation, planting vegetables of artificial precuring, generally start the discharge of smart ovum morning 4 ~ 5, smart ovum is progressively fertilized formation rataria afterwards, about when this process will last till the same day 17.Fully-developed fertilized egg (zygote) starting gradually departs from female receptacle, fertilized egg is deposited to bottom seedling pond, and As time goes on, in unit interval, the fertilized egg quantity departing from female receptacle increases gradually, during period midnight 0 ~ next day 2 time quantity maximum, to next day 6 time, substantially complete this process.By microscope, can clearly find out, now fertilized egg is sprouted, and in oval type, larger radian one section is in lattice-like, and color is comparatively dark, and one section of color of less radian is more shallow, and part sprouts radicle.
Utilize the mode discharged water to collect rataria, first remove impurity with 80 order yarn tulle bags, then collect rataria with 300 order yarn tulle bags; Embryo after collection, rapid placement is filled it up with in the Plastic Drum of filtering sea in advance, and leads to oxygen in time.
3) being laid on equably bottom seedling pond by the spatfall curtain in advance through disinfecting, making spatfall curtain keep smooth, arranging mutual overlapping portion, after putting in order, inject the high overanxious seawater of about 30cm in Xiang Miaochi, sea conditions is identical with the precuring condition that plants vegetables.According to seedling pool area, (the spatfall curtain usually, for breed breeding should remain on about 300,000 rataria/m to rataria number needed for counting statistics
2), then artificial spreading embryo is carried out, the mode of artificial spreading embryo is not quite similar, the watering can that some uses are watered flowers sprays, can ensure that the distribution of rataria on spatfall curtain is comparatively even, in addition, there are the personnel of experience in breeding for many years, water ladle directly can be used to carry out spreading, also can ensure the even of rataria.
After completing rataria spreading, through the time of 2 ~ 3 days, rataria completed set substantially.In order to ensure growing fast of embryo, by manual cleaning in pond and the methods such as fresh seawater can be replaced, for embryonic development creates good growing environment.Then the mode by running water displacement every day continues cultivation 3 ~ 4 days, can put in a suitable place to breed in natural waters.
4) spatfall curtain is positioned over natural waters cultivation 120 ~ 150 days, grow into the juvenile sporophyte with three base leaves, stem and lanceolars or centric leaf, September ~ October takes off juvenile sporophyte from spatfall curtain, manually presss from both sides seedling, then juvenile sporophyte is placed in natural waters puts in a suitable place to breed.
If spatfall curtain also remains many less juvenile sporophytes, spatfall curtain can be placed back in holding culture offshore, through about 15 ~ 20 days, again fetch spatfall curtain, win juvenile sporophyte, so repeatedly, a slice spatfall curtain can repeat to win 3 ~ 4 times.
Because China southeastern coastal areas Sheng in summer scrapes SE Monsoon, also be the Main way of Landed Typhoon, so, put the sea area of rataria in a suitable place to breed, select stormy waves less as far as possible, current are less, water quality is limpid, pollution-free and fresh water discharge, effectively can hide east, the bay in the southeast and southern Landed Typhoon direction and Ao mouth and be advisable.Range of the device can choose bamboo raft based on factors such as sea condition, the seawater transparency or stainless steel tube structure of wu gong method of hanging breeding, generally bamboo raft can be applied to the winds and waves are slightly, slightly cloudy sea area, water quality and stainless steel pipe is suitable for the wind and waves, water quality is slightly smaller area.
Spatfall curtain is put after natural waters puts 3 days in a suitable place to breed, field management can be carried out, major way checks on spatfall curtain, whether silt and harmful animal algae can have influence on growth of the embryo growth, if quantity of sand and mud is comparatively large, harmful animal algae is more, then need to clean, if quantity of sand and mud less harmful animal algae is less, can proper extension scavenging period.The embryo development stage is important production phase of sargassum fusifome artificial breeding seed, just one of the field management work during wherein this of cleaning spatfall curtain, management work important during prevention and cleaning harmful animal algae and animal are also this.8 ~ September, Dongtou seawater water temperature is increased to about 28 DEG C gradually, now, the harmful animal animals such as harmful animal algae and clam worm, sea anemone, oyster, barnacle such as Polysiphonia japonica, sliver sea lettuce, Enteromorpha also can be increased gradually, sudden " outburst " of these harmful organisms, all can cause a large amount of losses of seed, time serious, directly can cause total crop failure.If when running into sudden harmful organisms " outburst ", conventional harmful animal sweep-out method, mainly comprise, use 10% ammonium sulfate sea water immersion 8min, effectively can kill green bristle algae, use the citric acid solution of 8% to soak 5min and can effectively remove the algae such as Polysiphonia japonica, sea lettuce, Enteromorpha, use freshwater soaking 15 ~ 20min can effectively remove the methods such as animal class, eliminate or reduce seed loss.
During folder seedling, be clipped in by the rhizoid of juvenile sporophyte on 300 strands of polyethylene fibre ropes of 3.3 ~ 3.5 meters long, seedling rope selects quality soft as far as possible, and the material that feel is soft, such material can effectively prevent from falling seedling because of the frictionally damage between seedling and seedling rope.Under normal circumstances, seedling spacing is 20 ~ 25cm.
Juvenile sporophyte puts the initial stage in a suitable place to breed, because water temperature is higher, harmful organisms still can produce adverse influence to sargassum fusifome juvenile sporophyte, seedling rope after employing 10 ~ 12 of trying one's best during this clips is one group, put in a suitable place to breed in a short time, such process, the population effect of sargassum fusifome juvenile sporophyte can be played, by the swing of sargassum fusifome juvenile sporophyte in natural flows, reduce set and the invasion and attack of harmful organisms, when ocean temperature is down to 24 DEG C, again they are separately kept hanging, now, the rhizoid of sargassum fusifome is secured on seedling rope substantially, for its subsequent growth has established favourable condition.
When dividing rope, choose the soft raft culture mode of quality softness, rope spacing minimum range need remain on about 1.5 meters as far as possible.Point rope time carried out according to the morning and evening of juvenile sporophyte growth and development time, and under normal circumstances, first arrival next year 1 in point rope time of Dongtou sargassum fusifome in annual November is monthly carries out.
After point rope, just enter sporophyte sea area management phase, period regularly will patrol in field of vegetables whether have the article such as pollutant or rubbish, if exist, periodic cleaning, antipollution increase or expansion.Carry out these work, favourable growing environment is created in the growth that can be sargassum fusifome, enables the growth that sargassum fusifome is healthy.
5) mid-May in next year frond growth and maturity, quality determination is carried out in random sampling, the quality preservation of measurement result display sargassum fusifome is neat, quality component meets the requirements (polyoses content >=40%, wherein fucose, guluronic acid, mannuronic acid proportion sum >=Hijiki polysaccharide content 80%; Protein content >=10% planted vegetables, fat content≤3%) sargassum fusifome account for 86% of population of samples.Show that Breeding Effect is good, breeding can be used for by Stochastic choice sargassum fusifome.
Embodiment 2
As another embodiment of the present invention, described sargassum fusifome breeding for quality method comprises the following steps:
1) screening plants vegetables
Before carrying out sargassum fusifome sexual propagation artificial breeding, first to carry out kind of field of vegetables to arrange and planning, generally carry out in annual March, sargassum fusifome frond is now in quick earlier growth, hand labor intensity is less, the seedling seedling rope spacing that the work of arrangement kind of field of vegetables mainly will be put in a suitable place to breed early stage increases, and rope spacing preferably remains on about 3.2 meters and is advisable, and is the grow excellent nutrient environment of establishment and the illumination condition that plant vegetables.
Treat that mid-May, sargassum fusifome came to the ripening period, the frond that selection robust plant, individuality are comparatively large, air bag is more is as planting vegetables, and removal Development is slow, air bag morphological feature is irregular plants vegetables.Treat late May, after receptacle is fully grown, according to receptacle morphological feature, meticulous comparatively dark, feel stick-slip, homomorphosis the male and female of individuality comparatively large (length is more than 3 meters), color of choosing plant vegetables to hang and sign mark, every strain is got side shoot and is carried out quality determination, select quality component to meet planting vegetables of following requirement and carry out nursery (all with the dry weight basis planted vegetables): polyoses content >=42% planted vegetables, wherein fucose, guluronic acid, mannuronic acid proportion sum >=Hijiki polysaccharide content 85%; Protein content >=11% planted vegetables, fat content≤2.8%.
2) nursery
The facility of nursery will meet following primary condition, have the nursery pond of reinforced concrete structure, husky pond filtering ponds, and auxiliary plumbing facility, powered lighting facility and Illumination adjusting facility etc.First seedling pond impurity will be cleared up before nursery, and use liquor potassic permanganate cleaning and sterilizing, then, the limpid seawater after filtering is used to clean up, the filtering sea that the 25 ~ 27cm that reinjects is high, the environment of seawater will ensure following primary condition, and salinity will control 23 ~ 27 ‰, temperature will control at about 22 DEG C, and pH value will control 7.8 ~ 8.3.
After collection meets planting vegetables of quality requirements, remove the bottom frond planted vegetables, retain middle and upper part frond, each 1 strain of male and female is rendered to respectively in pairs in nursery pond and is cultivated 7 ~ 8 days, abundant to guarantee the fertilization of ovum.Planting vegetables of different quality, need divide pond to throw in, mix hybridization, cause degeneration to avoid planting vegetables.
Plant vegetables and drop into Miao Chihou, need accomplish the seedling pond management of following several respects, 1. will guaranteeing plants vegetables fully unfolds; 2. will ensure that No. 3 ~ 4 hydraulic giants rinse and turn over dish every day, ensureing to plant vegetables accepts uniform illumination and nutrition; 3. to ensure that seawater contains sufficient dissolved oxygen; 4. to ensure 100 ~ 200 μm of ol/m
2the intensity of illumination illumination of/s 9 ~ 11 hours, 5. has the place of indoor culture condition, should ensure the periodicity of illumination of 12:12 ~ 15:9 as far as possible.
Manually cultivated through 5 ~ 8 days, plant vegetables and will carry out sexual propagation, planting vegetables of artificial precuring, generally start the discharge of smart ovum morning 4 ~ 5, smart ovum is progressively fertilized formation rataria afterwards, about when this process will last till the same day 17.Fully-developed fertilized egg (zygote) starting gradually departs from female receptacle, fertilized egg is deposited to bottom seedling pond, and As time goes on, in unit interval, the fertilized egg quantity departing from female receptacle increases gradually, during period midnight 0 ~ next day 2 time, quantity is maximum, to next day 6 time, substantially complete this process.
Utilize the mode discharged water to collect rataria, first remove impurity with 80 order yarn tulle bags, then collect rataria with 300 order yarn tulle bags; Embryo after collection, rapid placement is filled it up with in the Plastic Drum of filtering sea in advance, and leads to oxygen in time.
3) being laid on uniformly bottom seedling pond by the spatfall curtain in advance through disinfecting, making spatfall curtain keep smooth, arranging mutual overlapping portion, after putting in order, inject the high seawater of about 30cm in Xiang Miaochi, sea conditions is identical with the precuring condition that plants vegetables.According to seedling pool area, (the spatfall curtain being usually used for breed breeding should remain on about 450,000 rataria/m to rataria number needed for counting statistics
2), then artificial spreading embryo is carried out, the mode of artificial spreading embryo is not quite similar, the watering can that some uses are watered flowers sprays, can ensure that the distribution of rataria on spatfall curtain is comparatively even, in addition, there are the personnel of experience in breeding for many years, water ladle directly can be used to carry out spreading, also can ensure the even of rataria.
After completing rataria spreading, through the time of 2 ~ 3 days, rataria completes set growth substantially.In order to ensure growing fast of embryo, by manual cleaning in pond and the methods such as fresh seawater can be replaced, for embryonic development creates good growing environment.Then the mode by running water displacement every day continues cultivation 3 ~ 4 days, can put in a suitable place to breed in natural waters.
4) spatfall curtain is positioned over natural waters cultivation 120 ~ 150 days, grow into the juvenile sporophyte with three base leaves, stem and lanceolars or centric leaf, September ~ October takes off juvenile sporophyte from spatfall curtain, manually presss from both sides seedling, then juvenile sporophyte is placed in natural waters puts in a suitable place to breed.
If spatfall curtain also remains many less juvenile sporophytes, spatfall curtain can be placed back in holding culture offshore, through about 15 ~ 20 days, again fetch spatfall curtain, win juvenile sporophyte, so repeatedly, a slice spatfall curtain can repeat to win 3 ~ 4 times.
Because China southeastern coastal areas Sheng in summer scrapes SE Monsoon, also be the Main way of Landed Typhoon, so, put the sea area of rataria in a suitable place to breed, select stormy waves less as far as possible, current are less, water quality is limpid, pollution-free and fresh water discharge, effectively can hide east, the bay in the southeast and southern Landed Typhoon direction and Ao mouth and be advisable.Range of the device can choose bamboo raft based on factors such as sea condition, the seawater transparency or stainless steel tube structure of wu gong method of hanging breeding, generally bamboo raft can be applied to the winds and waves are slightly, slightly cloudy sea area, water quality and stainless steel pipe is suitable for the wind and waves, water quality is slightly smaller area.
Spatfall curtain is put after natural waters puts 3 days in a suitable place to breed, field management can be carried out, major way checks on spatfall curtain, whether silt and harmful animal algae can have influence on growth of the embryo growth, if quantity of sand and mud is comparatively large, harmful animal algae is more, then need to clean, if quantity of sand and mud less harmful animal algae is less, can proper extension scavenging period.The embryo development stage is important production phase of sargassum fusifome artificial breeding seed, just one of the field management work during wherein this of cleaning spatfall curtain, management work important during prevention and cleaning harmful animal algae and animal are also this.8 ~ September, Dongtou seawater water temperature is increased to about 28 DEG C gradually, now, the harmful animal animals such as harmful animal algae and clam worm, sea anemone, oyster, barnacle such as Polysiphonia japonica, sliver sea lettuce, Enteromorpha also can be increased gradually, sudden " outburst " of these harmful organisms, all can cause a large amount of losses of seed, time serious, directly can cause total crop failure.If when running into sudden harmful organisms " outburst ", conventional harmful animal sweep-out method, mainly comprise, use 10% ammonium sulfate sea water immersion 8min, effectively can kill green bristle algae, use the citric acid solution of 8% to soak 5min and can effectively remove the algae such as Polysiphonia japonica, sea lettuce, Enteromorpha, use freshwater soaking 15 ~ 20min can effectively remove the methods such as animal class, eliminate or reduce seed loss.
During folder seedling, be clipped in by the rhizoid of juvenile sporophyte on 320 strands of polyethylene fibre ropes of 3.3 ~ 3.5 meters long, seedling rope selects quality soft as far as possible, and the material that feel is soft, such material can effectively prevent from falling seedling because of the frictionally damage between seedling and seedling rope.Under normal circumstances, seedling spacing is 10 ~ 15cm.
Juvenile sporophyte puts the initial stage in a suitable place to breed, because water temperature is higher, harmful organisms still can produce adverse influence to sargassum fusifome juvenile sporophyte, seedling rope after employing 10 ~ 12 of trying one's best during this clips is one group, put in a suitable place to breed in a short time, such process, the population effect of sargassum fusifome juvenile sporophyte can be played, by the swing of sargassum fusifome juvenile sporophyte in natural flows, reduce set and the invasion and attack of harmful organisms, when ocean temperature is down to 24 DEG C, again they are separately kept hanging, now, the rhizoid of sargassum fusifome is secured on seedling rope substantially, for its subsequent growth has established favourable condition.
When dividing rope, choose the soft raft culture mode of quality softness, rope spacing minimum range need remain on about 1.5 meters as far as possible.Point rope time carried out according to the morning and evening of juvenile sporophyte growth and development time, and under normal circumstances, first arrival next year 1 in point rope time of Dongtou sargassum fusifome in annual November is monthly carries out.
After point rope, just enter sporophyte sea area management phase, period regularly will patrol in field of vegetables whether have the article such as pollutant or rubbish, if exist, periodic cleaning, antipollution increase or expansion.Carry out these work, favourable growing environment is created in the growth that can be sargassum fusifome, enables the growth that sargassum fusifome is healthy.
5) mid-May in next year frond growth and maturity, quality determination is carried out in random sampling, the quality preservation of measurement result display sargassum fusifome is neat, quality component meets the requirements (polyoses content >=42%, wherein fucose, guluronic acid, mannuronic acid proportion sum >=Hijiki polysaccharide content 85%; Protein content >=11% planted vegetables, fat content≤2.8%) sargassum fusifome account for 88% of population of samples.Show that Breeding Effect is good, breeding can be used for by Stochastic choice sargassum fusifome.
Embodiment 3
As an alternative embodiment of the invention, described sargassum fusifome breeding for quality method comprises the following steps:
1) screening plants vegetables
Before carrying out sargassum fusifome sexual propagation artificial breeding, first to carry out kind of field of vegetables to arrange and planning, generally carry out in annual March, sargassum fusifome frond is now in quick earlier growth, hand labor intensity is less, the seedling seedling rope spacing that the work of arrangement kind of field of vegetables mainly will be put in a suitable place to breed early stage increases, and rope spacing preferably remains on about 2.8 meters and is advisable, and is the grow excellent nutrient environment of establishment and the illumination condition that plant vegetables.
Treat that mid-May, sargassum fusifome came to the ripening period, the frond that selection robust plant, individuality are comparatively large, air bag is more is as planting vegetables, and removal Development is slow, air bag morphological feature is irregular plants vegetables.Treat late May, after receptacle is fully grown, according to receptacle morphological feature, meticulous comparatively dark, feel stick-slip, homomorphosis the male and female of individuality comparatively large (length is more than 3 meters), color of choosing plant vegetables to hang and sign mark, every strain is got side shoot and is carried out quality determination, select quality component to meet planting vegetables of following requirement and carry out nursery (all with the dry weight basis planted vegetables): polyoses content >=44% planted vegetables, wherein fucose, guluronic acid, mannuronic acid proportion sum >=Hijiki polysaccharide content 83%; Protein content >=10% planted vegetables, fat content≤2.6%.
2) nursery
The facility of nursery will meet following primary condition, have the nursery pond of reinforced concrete structure, husky pond filtering ponds, and auxiliary plumbing facility, powered lighting facility and Illumination adjusting facility etc.First seedling pond impurity will be cleared up before nursery, and use liquor potassic permanganate cleaning and sterilizing, then, the limpid seawater after filtering is used to clean up, reinject 26 ~ 29cm filtering sea, and the environment of seawater will ensure following primary condition, and salinity will control 25 ~ 28 ‰, temperature will control at about 25 DEG C, and pH value will control 7.8 ~ 8.3.
After collection meets planting vegetables of quality requirements, remove the bottom frond planted vegetables, retain middle and upper part frond, each 1 strain of male and female is rendered to respectively in pairs in nursery pond and is cultivated 6 ~ 7 days, abundant to guarantee the fertilization of ovum.Planting vegetables of different quality, need divide pond to throw in, mix hybridization, cause degeneration to avoid planting vegetables.
Plant vegetables and drop into Miao Chihou, need accomplish the seedling pond management of following several respects, 1. will guaranteeing plants vegetables fully unfolds; 2. will ensure that No. 3 ~ 4 hydraulic giants rinse and turn over dish every day, ensureing to plant vegetables accepts uniform illumination and nutrition; 3. to ensure that seawater contains sufficient dissolved oxygen; 4. to ensure 100 ~ 200 μm of ol/m
2the intensity of illumination illumination of/s 10 ~ 11 hours, 5. has the place of indoor culture condition, should ensure the periodicity of illumination of 12:12 ~ 15:9 as far as possible.
Manually cultivated through 5 ~ 8 days, plant vegetables and will carry out sexual propagation, planting vegetables of artificial precuring, generally start the discharge of smart ovum morning 4 ~ 5, ovum, smart ovum are progressively fertilized formation rataria afterwards, about when this process will last till the same day 17.Fully-developed fertilized egg (zygote) starting gradually departs from female receptacle, fertilized egg is deposited to bottom seedling pond, and As time goes on, in unit interval, the fertilized egg quantity departing from female receptacle increases gradually, during period midnight 0 ~ next day 2 time, quantity is maximum, to next day 6 time, substantially complete this process.
Utilize the mode discharged water to collect rataria, first remove impurity with 80 order yarn tulle bags, then collect rataria with 300 order yarn tulle bags; Embryo after collection, rapid placement is filled it up with in the Plastic Drum of filtering sea in advance, and leads to oxygen in time.
3) being laid on uniformly bottom seedling pond by the spatfall curtain in advance through disinfecting, making spatfall curtain keep smooth, arranging mutual overlapping portion, after putting in order, inject the high seawater of about 30cm in Xiang Miaochi, sea conditions is identical with the precuring condition that plants vegetables.According to seedling pool area, (the spatfall curtain usually, for breed breeding should remain on about 500,000 rataria/m to rataria number needed for counting statistics
2), then artificial spreading embryo is carried out, the mode of artificial spreading embryo is not quite similar, the watering can that some uses are watered flowers sprays, can ensure that the distribution of rataria on spatfall curtain is comparatively even, in addition, there are the personnel of experience in breeding for many years, water ladle directly can be used to carry out spreading, also can ensure the even of rataria.
After completing rataria spreading, through the time of 2 ~ 3 days, rataria completes set growth substantially.In order to ensure growing fast of embryo, by manual cleaning in pond and the methods such as fresh seawater can be replaced, for embryonic development creates good growing environment.Then the mode by running water displacement every day continues cultivation 3 ~ 4 days, can put in a suitable place to breed in natural waters.
4) spatfall curtain is positioned over natural waters cultivation 120 ~ 150 days, grow into the juvenile sporophyte with three base leaves, stem and lanceolars or centric leaf, September ~ October takes off juvenile sporophyte from spatfall curtain, manually presss from both sides seedling, then juvenile sporophyte is placed in natural waters puts in a suitable place to breed.
If spatfall curtain also remains many less juvenile sporophytes, spatfall curtain can be placed back in holding culture offshore, through about 15 ~ 20 days, again fetch spatfall curtain, win juvenile sporophyte, so repeatedly, a slice spatfall curtain can repeat to win 3 ~ 4 times.
Because China southeastern coastal areas Sheng in summer scrapes SE Monsoon, also be the Main way of Landed Typhoon, so, put the sea area of rataria in a suitable place to breed, select stormy waves less as far as possible, current are less, water quality is limpid, pollution-free and fresh water discharge, effectively can hide east, the bay in the southeast and southern Landed Typhoon direction and Ao mouth and be advisable.Range of the device can choose bamboo raft based on factors such as sea condition, the seawater transparency or stainless steel tube structure of wu gong method of hanging breeding, generally bamboo raft can be applied to the winds and waves are slightly, slightly cloudy sea area, water quality and stainless steel pipe is suitable for the wind and waves, water quality is slightly smaller area.
Spatfall curtain is put after natural waters puts 3 days in a suitable place to breed, field management can be carried out, major way checks on spatfall curtain, whether silt and harmful animal algae can have influence on growth of the embryo growth, if quantity of sand and mud is comparatively large, harmful animal algae is more, then need to clean, if quantity of sand and mud less harmful animal algae is less, can proper extension scavenging period.The embryo development stage is important production phase of sargassum fusifome artificial breeding seed, just one of the field management work during wherein this of cleaning spatfall curtain, management work important during prevention and cleaning harmful animal algae and animal are also this.8 ~ September, Dongtou seawater water temperature is increased to about 28 DEG C gradually, now, the harmful animal animals such as harmful animal algae and clam worm, sea anemone, oyster, barnacle such as Polysiphonia japonica, sliver sea lettuce, Enteromorpha also can be increased gradually, sudden " outburst " of these harmful organisms, all can cause a large amount of losses of seed, time serious, directly can cause total crop failure.If when running into sudden harmful organisms " outburst ", conventional harmful animal sweep-out method, mainly comprise, use 10% ammonium sulfate sea water immersion 8min, effectively can kill green bristle algae, use the citric acid solution of 8% to soak 5min and can effectively remove the algae such as Polysiphonia japonica, sea lettuce, Enteromorpha, use freshwater soaking 15 ~ 20min can effectively remove the methods such as animal class, eliminate or reduce seed loss.
During folder seedling, be clipped in by the rhizoid of juvenile sporophyte on 400 strands of polyethylene fibre ropes of 3.3 ~ 3.5 meters long, seedling rope selects quality soft as far as possible, and the material that feel is soft, such material can effectively prevent from falling seedling because of the frictionally damage between seedling and seedling rope.Seedling spacing is 22 ~ 25cm under normal circumstances.
Juvenile sporophyte puts the initial stage in a suitable place to breed, because water temperature is higher, harmful organisms still can produce adverse influence to sargassum fusifome juvenile sporophyte, seedling rope after employing 10 ~ 12 of trying one's best during this clips is one group, put in a suitable place to breed in a short time, such process, the population effect of sargassum fusifome juvenile sporophyte can be played, by the swing of sargassum fusifome juvenile sporophyte in natural flows, reduce set and the invasion and attack of harmful organisms, when ocean temperature is down to 24 DEG C, again they are separately kept hanging, now, the rhizoid of sargassum fusifome consolidates labor substantially on seedling rope, for its subsequent growth has established favourable condition.
When dividing rope, choose the soft raft culture mode of quality softness, rope spacing minimum range need remain on about 1.5 meters as far as possible.Point rope time carried out according to the morning and evening of juvenile sporophyte growth and development time, and under normal circumstances, first arrival next year 1 in point rope time of Dongtou sargassum fusifome in annual November is monthly carries out.
After point rope, just enter sporophyte sea area management phase, period regularly will patrol in field of vegetables whether have the article such as pollutant or rubbish, if exist, periodic cleaning, antipollution increase or expansion.Carry out these work, favourable growing environment is created in the growth that can be sargassum fusifome, enables the growth that sargassum fusifome is healthy.
5) mid-May in next year frond growth and maturity, quality determination is carried out in random sampling, the quality preservation of measurement result display sargassum fusifome is neat, quality component meets the requirements (polyoses content >=44%, wherein fucose, guluronic acid, mannuronic acid proportion sum >=Hijiki polysaccharide content 83%; Protein content >=10% planted vegetables, fat content≤2.6%) sargassum fusifome account for 85% of population of samples.Show that Breeding Effect is good, breeding can be used for by Stochastic choice sargassum fusifome.
It should be noted that, Kjeldahl nitrogen determination protein content can be adopted, adopt soxhlet extraction methods to measure fat content, adopt Phenol sulfuric acid procedure to measure Hijiki polysaccharide content, adopt high effective liquid chromatography for measuring fucose, guluronic acid, mannuronic acid-content.
As mentioned above, sargassum fusifome breeding for quality method provided by the invention can significantly improve the breeding effect of sargassum fusifome, and the sargassum fusifome quality preservation obtained by the method breeding is neat, and Breeding Effect is good, can plant vegetables for breeding by Stochastic choice, and the breeding stay in grade planted vegetables.
Those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that: the discussion of above any embodiment is only exemplary, and not intended to be implies that the scope of the present disclosure (comprising claim) is limited to these examples; Under thinking of the present invention, can combine between the technical characteristic in above embodiment or different embodiment yet, and there are other changes many of different aspect of the present invention as above, they do not provide in details for the sake of simplicity.Therefore, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any omission made, amendment, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a sargassum fusifome breeding for quality method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) select ripe sargassum fusifome frond as planting vegetables, measure the quality component planted vegetables, select quality component to meet planting vegetables of following requirement and carry out nursery: with dry weight basis, polyoses content >=40% planted vegetables, wherein fucose, guluronic acid, mannuronic acid proportion sum >=Hijiki polysaccharide content 80%;
2) after collection meets planting vegetables of quality requirements, remove the bottom frond planted vegetables, retain middle and upper part frond, each 1 strain of male and female is rendered to respectively in pairs in nursery pond and is cultivated 5 ~ 8 days, and essence, ovum discharge and formation rataria of being fertilized, and collect rataria;
3) by rataria spreading on spatfall curtain, through the time of 2 ~ 3 days, rataria on spatfall curtain set growth; Cultivation is continued 3 ~ 4 days by the mode that every day, running water was replaced;
4) spatfall curtain is positioned over natural waters cultivation 120 ~ 150 days, grows into juvenile sporophyte, take off juvenile sporophyte from spatfall curtain, carry out folder seedling, then juvenile sporophyte is placed in natural waters puts in a suitable place to breed;
5) natural waters cultivation 6 ~ 9 months, frond growth and maturity obtain sargassum fusifome.
2. sargassum fusifome breeding for quality method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described quality component also meets following requirement: with dry weight basis, protein content >=10% planted vegetables, fat content≤3%.
3. sargassum fusifome breeding for quality method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 1) before, the seedling seedling rope spacing of being put in a suitable place to breed early stage increases, and makes rope spacing remain on 1 ~ 3.5 meter.
4. sargassum fusifome breeding for quality method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 2) in, the sea height in nursery pond is 25 ~ 30cm, and salinity is 20 ~ 28 ‰, and temperature is about 21 ~ 25 DEG C, and pH is 7.8 ~ 8.3.
5. sargassum fusifome breeding for quality method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 2) in, will plant vegetables after rendering to nursery pond, and carry out No. 3 ~ 4 hydraulic giants every day and rinse and turn over dish, ensure 100 ~ 200 μm of ol/m
2the intensity of illumination illumination of/s 9 ~ 12 hours.
6. sargassum fusifome breeding for quality method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 2) in, the rataria of collection is placed in filtering sea, and leads to oxygen to seawater.
7. sargassum fusifome breeding for quality method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 3) in, the rataria quantity on spatfall curtain is 30 ~ 500,000 rataria/m
2.
8. sargassum fusifome breeding for quality method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 4) in, after spatfall curtain takes off juvenile sporophyte, if spatfall curtain also remains little juvenile sporophyte, then this spatfall curtain is placed back in holding culture offshore, through 15 ~ 20 days, again fetch spatfall curtain, win juvenile sporophyte, so repeatedly, a slice spatfall curtain repeats to win 3 ~ 4 times.
9. sargassum fusifome breeding for quality method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 4) in, be clipped in by the rhizoid of juvenile sporophyte on 200 ~ 400 strands of polyethylene fibre ropes of 3.3 ~ 3.5 meters long, folder seedling spacing is 10 ~ 25cm.
10. sargassum fusifome breeding for quality method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the length of described sargassum fusifome frond is more than 3 meters.
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| CN111053027A (en) * | 2019-11-09 | 2020-04-24 | 温州大学 | Method for preventing and treating hypotonic injury of sargassum fusiforme embryos caused by rainfall |
| CN112806251A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-05-18 | 温州市洞头区海洋与渔业发展研究中心 | Unit mass evaluation and difference comparison method for cultivating juvenile sporophytes of sargassum fusiforme |
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Address after: 325027 School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University South Campus, Chashan Higher Education Park, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province Patentee after: Wenzhou University Patentee after: Marine and fishery development research center of Dongtou District, Wenzhou City Address before: 325027 School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University South Campus, Chashan Higher Education Park, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province Patentee before: Wenzhou University Patentee before: WENZHOU DONGTOU DISTRICT AQUATIC PRODUCT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE Address after: 325027 School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University South Campus, Chashan Higher Education Park, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province Patentee after: Wenzhou University Patentee after: WENZHOU DONGTOU DISTRICT AQUATIC PRODUCT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE Address before: 325027 School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University South Campus, Chashan Higher Education Park, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province Patentee before: Wenzhou University Patentee before: DONGTOU AQUATIC SCIENTIFIC TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE |