CN107760014A - 耐溶剂型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法 - Google Patents

耐溶剂型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107760014A
CN107760014A CN201711049188.9A CN201711049188A CN107760014A CN 107760014 A CN107760014 A CN 107760014A CN 201711049188 A CN201711049188 A CN 201711049188A CN 107760014 A CN107760014 A CN 107760014A
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代金辉
宋小娜
李龙飞
范文庆
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Shandong Inov Polyurethane Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种聚氨酯弹性体，具体涉及一种耐溶剂型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法。由以下重量百分含量的原料制成：聚酯多元醇49‑70％、二异氰酸酯20‑40％、扩链剂3‑12％、耐磨剂0.3％‑1％；聚酯多元醇为聚丁二酸、1,3‑丙二醇酯二醇、聚丁二酸1,4‑丁二醇酯二醇、聚丁二酸1,6‑己二醇酯二醇或聚丁二酸新戊二醇酯二醇中的一种或多种组成；分子量为1000‑4000。本发明耐溶剂性能好，解决了在极性溶剂尤其在酮类、酯类溶剂中溶胀明显、老化速率快、弹性急剧降低的弊端，制品长期使用不黄变，具有优异的耐候性能；本发明还提供其制备方法。

Description

耐溶剂型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚氨酯弹性体，具体涉及一种耐溶剂型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法。
背景技术
热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)是一种(AB)n型嵌段结构的线性聚合物，其分子结构中含有微量的化学交联，分子基本呈线性结构，可采用注塑、挤出和压延等多种加工方式。不同类型聚酯多元醇，其分子结构、聚酯分子量及起始剂构成了形态各异的TPU软段结构，对TPU的耐低温性能、弹性和耐溶剂性能产生影响。耐溶剂性方面，由于聚氨酯弹性体的耐溶剂性能取决于分子链段的结构，与极性、结晶性和交联密度密切相关。分子链的极性越大，耐溶剂性能越好。丁二酸分子链短，其聚酯多元醇的酯基含量高于己二酸聚酯多元醇，因而极性大，故丁二酸型聚酯多元醇合成的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体比己二酸型聚酯多元醇合成的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体耐溶剂性能好。
发明内容
针对制品在极性溶剂中溶胀、老化的问题，本发明的目的是提供一种耐溶剂型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，耐溶剂性能好，解决了在极性溶剂尤其在酮类、酯类溶剂中溶胀明显、老化速率快、弹性急剧降低的弊端，制品长期使用不黄变，具有优异的耐候性能；本发明还提供其制备方法。
本发明所述的耐溶剂型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，由以下重量百分含量的原料制成：
所述的聚酯多元醇为丁二酸型聚酯多元醇。丁二酸型聚酯多元醇为聚丁二酸、1,3-丙二醇酯二醇、聚丁二酸1,4-丁二醇酯二醇、聚丁二酸1,6-己二醇酯二醇或聚丁二酸新戊二醇酯二醇中的一种或多种组成。丁二酸型聚酯多元醇的分子量为1000-4000。
二异氰酸酯为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)或4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(H12MDI)中的一种或多种组成。
扩链剂为2-10个碳原子的二元醇，扩链剂优选为1,3-丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇或1,6-己二醇中的一种或多种组成。
耐磨剂为有机硅聚醚改性聚合物、芳烷改性聚硅氧烷或有机硅塑料润滑剂中的一种或多种组成。耐磨剂优选为R-170S、E-2203或SI-69中的一种或多种组成。
本发明所述的耐溶剂型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法，以聚酯多元醇、二异氰酸酯、扩链剂采用两步法合成，包括以下步骤：
将聚酯多元醇和耐磨剂混合，加热至温度为95-105℃；将二异氰酸酯加热至温度为60-75℃；将扩链剂加热至温度为40-60℃；将所有组分混合注入装有熟化盘的传送带，通过配有热风加热的烘道，经过加热固化成片状材料，放入熟化室熟化，将片状材料粉碎，经过双螺杆挤出，塑化后经水下切粒机切成粒径均匀的椭圆形粒子。
优选地，本发明所述的耐溶剂型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将聚酯多元醇和耐磨剂加入到配有机械搅拌及温度计的A反应釜中，设置温度为95-105℃；将二异氰酸酯放置于B反应釜中，设置温度为60-75℃；将扩链剂放置于C反应釜中，设置温度为40-60℃；待各反应釜温度稳定，通过带有精确计量的灌注系统，将A/B/C反应釜中的原料组分经高速旋转混合头混合注入装有熟化盘的传送带，通过配有热风加热的烘道，经过加热固化成片状材料，放入80℃熟化室熟化24小时。将片状材料通过粉碎机粉碎成小块料，经过双螺杆挤出，混合物料在双螺杆筒体内均匀反应输送，塑化后经水下切粒机切成粒径均匀的椭圆形粒子。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：
(1)本发明解决了制品在极性溶剂，尤其在酮类、酯类溶剂中溶胀明显，老化速率快，弹性急剧降低的弊端，同时使用脂肪族二异氰酸酯，制品不黄变，进一步延长制品使用寿命。相比于己二酸型聚酯多元醇合成TPU材料，发明所述的聚氨酯弹性体耐溶剂性能好，解决了在极性溶剂尤其在酮类、酯类溶剂中溶胀明显、老化速率快、弹性急剧降低的弊端；同时使用脂肪族二异氰酸酯，制品长期使用不黄变，具有优异的耐候性能。
(2)本发明还提供其制备方法，工艺合理易于工业化生产。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
按照重量百分数计，聚丁二酸1,4-丁二醇酯二醇(M＝2000)：64.67％，E-2203(菲亚特)：0.5％，加入到配有机械搅拌及温度计的A反应釜中，设置温度为95-105℃；将IPDI：26.89％，放置于B反应釜中，设置温度为60-75℃；将1,4-丁二醇：7.94％，放置于C反应釜中，设置温度为40-60℃；待各反应釜温度稳定，通过带有精确计量的灌注系统，将A/B/C反应釜中的原料组分经高速旋转混合头混合注入装有熟化盘的传送带，通过配有热风加热的烘道，经过加热固化成片状材料，放入80℃熟化室熟化24小时。将片状材料通过粉碎机粉碎成小块料，经过双螺杆挤出，混合物料在双螺杆筒体内均匀反应输送，塑化后经水下切粒机切成粒径均匀的椭圆形粒子，得到耐溶剂型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体。
实施例2
制备方法与实施例相同。
采用的组分和含量不同，本实施例为：聚丁二酸1,3-丙二醇酯二醇(M＝1000)：49.60％，H12MDI：38.29％，扩链剂1,6-己二醇：11.31％，SI-69(德国德固赛)：0.8％。
实施例3
制备方法与实施例相同。
采用的组分和含量不同，本实施例为：聚丁二酸乙二醇酯二醇(M＝4000)：69.79％，HDI：20.53％，扩链剂1,3-丁二醇：9.38％，R-170S(日信化学工业株式会社)：0.3％。
对比例1
制备方法与实施例相同。
采用的组分和含量不同，本对比例为：聚己二酸1,4-丁二醇酯二醇(M＝2000)：64.67％，IPDI：27.39％，扩链剂1,4-丁二醇：7.94％。
性能测试：
热塑性聚氨酯弹性体邵氏硬度测试执行GB/T531-2009标准；拉伸强度测试执行GB/T528-2009标准；撕裂强度测试执行GB/T529-2008标准；耐磨耗性能测试执行GB/T9867-2008标准；耐溶剂性：室温下浸泡在溶剂中，浸泡24小时后测量质量增加。各项性能检测结果见下表。
表1实施例1-3及对比例1制备热塑性聚氨酯弹性体性能对比
合成过程中通过添加耐磨剂进一步提高制品耐磨性能，同时制品在酮类、酯类溶剂等极性溶剂耐溶剂性能优良，解决了常规热塑性聚氨酯弹性体溶胀明显、老化速率快、弹性急剧降低的弊端，能有效延长制品的使用寿命。

Claims (8)

1.一种耐溶剂型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，其特征在于：由以下重量百分含量的原料制成：
所述的聚酯多元醇为丁二酸型聚酯多元醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐溶剂型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，其特征在于：丁二酸型聚酯多元醇为聚丁二酸、1,3-丙二醇酯二醇、聚丁二酸1,4-丁二醇酯二醇、聚丁二酸1,6-己二醇酯二醇或聚丁二酸新戊二醇酯二醇中的一种或多种组成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的耐溶剂型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，其特征在于：丁二酸型聚酯多元醇的分子量为1000-4000。
4.根据权利要求1所述的耐溶剂型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，其特征在于：二异氰酸酯为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯或4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或多种组成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的耐溶剂型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，其特征在于：扩链剂为1,3-丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇或1,6-己二醇中的一种或多种组成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的耐溶剂型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，其特征在于：耐磨剂为有机硅聚醚改性聚合物、芳烷改性聚硅氧烷或有机硅塑料润滑剂中的一种或多种组成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的耐溶剂型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，其特征在于：耐磨剂为R-170S、E-2203或SI-69中的一种或多种组成。
8.一种权利要求1-7任一所述的耐溶剂型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
将聚酯多元醇和耐磨剂混合，加热至温度为95-105℃；将二异氰酸酯加热至温度为60-75℃；将扩链剂加热至温度为40-60℃；将所有组分混合注入装有熟化盘的传送带，通过配有热风加热的烘道，经过加热固化成片状材料，放入熟化室熟化，将片状材料粉碎，经过双螺杆挤出，塑化后经水下切粒机切成粒径均匀的椭圆形粒子。
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