CN107637553A - Macrobrachium rosenbergii feeding method - Google Patents
Macrobrachium rosenbergii feeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107637553A CN107637553A CN201610547383.3A CN201610547383A CN107637553A CN 107637553 A CN107637553 A CN 107637553A CN 201610547383 A CN201610547383 A CN 201610547383A CN 107637553 A CN107637553 A CN 107637553A
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- macrobrachium rosenbergii
- daphnia
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to a kind of Macrobrachium rosenbergii feeding method.Methods described is in Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding process, feeds bait using daphnia conduct or feeds one of bait.Using the special feeding method of the present invention, feed dosage can be reduced, closer to spontaneous growth state, the Macrobrachium rosenbergii cultivated is bigger than the Macrobrachium rosenbergii specification commonly cultivated, is more than 3 times commonly cultivated again per urosome.And special bait and feeding method are used, and the comprehensive yield for improving Macrobrachium rosenbergii, high more than the 1000kg of per mu yield；The quality of Macrobrachium rosenbergii is optimized, shrimp body surface face is smooth, and vigor is good, free from extraneous odour, and medicine is residual to examine qualified, neat specification, and specification is fully achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to a kind of Macrobrachium rosenbergii feeding method.
Background technology
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), also known as the long-armed prawn of fresh water, Malaysian prawn, it is former
Originate in the Indian Ocean-Pacific torrid zone, subtropical water, be one of fresh water shrimp that build is maximum in the world, have growth it is fast,
It is individual big, feeding habits are wide, easily raise and train, strong adaptability, it is with short production cycle the advantages that.Macrobrachium rosenbergii is gone through as the treasure in fresh water shrimp
To be liked by people.It is Fresh ＆ Tender in Texture, delicious flavour, nutritious.Every 100 grams of shrimp contain 20.6 grams of protein, fat
0.7 gram, and contain multivitamin and the essential trace elements of the human body, it is high-protein nutrient aquatic products.From 1976 by China
Academy of Agricultural Sciences introduces China from Japan, and (existing China Aquatic Science Research Institute Zhujiang River aquatic products is ground Guangdong aquatic products research institute in 1977
Study carefully institute) after artificial propagation success, promoted by the cultivation in more than ten years, to the early 1990s in last century, in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta
Area has obtained fast development, and cultured area reaches tens thousand of mus.2009, national Macrobrachium rosenbergii yield reached 160,000 tons, turns into more
National maximum output over year, significant contribution is made that for many regional increasing peasant income, fishery synergy.
But in recent years, occurs phenomena such as constitution is poor, growth is slow, susceptible disease in Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding production, common cultivation
When, the Macrobrachium rosenbergii speed of growth is slow, and body weight is small, reaches the time length of commercial standard, yields poorly, under causing economic benefit continuous
Drop.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the problems of in the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide one kind can improve Roche natural pond
The feeding method of the shrimp speed of growth, yield and meat.
To achieve these goals and other related purposes, the present invention adopt the following technical scheme that：
The first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of Macrobrachium rosenbergii feeding method, be in Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding process, use
Daphnia comprises the following steps as feeding bait or feeding one of bait：
(1) early stage is being cultivated, a length of 1~5 centimeter of Macrobrachium rosenbergii body, feeds daphnia and Macrobrachium rosenbergii special compound feed is made
For bait；
(2) in cultivation mid-term, a length of 5~8 centimeters of Macrobrachium rosenbergii body, daphnia, river snail and the special cooperation of Macrobrachium rosenbergii are fed
Feed is as bait；
(3) later stage is being cultivated, a length of more than 8 centimeters of Macrobrachium rosenbergii body, is feeding river snail and Macrobrachium rosenbergii special compound feed
As bait.
Preferably, the daphnia belongs to cladocera or Copepods.
Preferably, the daphnia is Daphnia magna.
Preferably, the Daphnia magna adult average individual size is in more than 5.0mm.It is further preferred that the Daphnia magna
Adult average individual size is between 5.0~6.5mm.Food maximum gauge about 80-160um food particle can be filtered.
The acquisition pattern of the Daphnia magna can be obtained by commercially available approach.Also can be obtained by taming approach.The present invention
There is no particular/special requirement for access approaches, as long as the gained Daphnia magna adult average individual size is in more than 5.0mm.
Preferably, in step (1), total feeding volume of bait is the 3~5% of pond shrimp gross weight.
Preferably, in step (1), when feeding, based on the daphnia, supplemented by Macrobrachium rosenbergii special compound feed.
It is further preferred that the parts by weight ratio between the daphnia and Macrobrachium rosenbergii special compound feed is：(90~
95)：(10~5).
It is further preferred that the Macrobrachium rosenbergii special compound feed is expected for 0#.
Preferably, in step (2), total feeding volume of bait is the 5~7% of pond shrimp gross weight.
Preferably, in step (2), when feeding, based on the daphnia and river snail, Macrobrachium rosenbergii special compound feed is
It is auxiliary.
It is further preferred that the parts by weight ratio between the daphnia, river snail and Macrobrachium rosenbergii special compound feed
For：(45~50)：(40~50)：(10~5).
It is further preferred that the Macrobrachium rosenbergii special compound feed is expected for 1#.
Preferably, in step (3), total feeding volume of bait is the 7~10% of pond shrimp gross weight.
Preferably, in step (3), when feeding, based on Macrobrachium rosenbergii special compound feed, supplemented by river snail.
It is further preferred that the parts by weight ratio between the river snail and Macrobrachium rosenbergii special compound feed is：(10
~5)：(90~95).
It is further preferred that the Macrobrachium rosenbergii special compound feed is expected for 2#.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that：
Using the special feeding method of the present invention, feed dosage can be reduced, closer to spontaneous growth state, is cultivated
Macrobrachium rosenbergii is bigger than the Macrobrachium rosenbergii specification commonly cultivated, is more than 3 times commonly cultivated again per urosome.And using special
Bait and feeding method, the comprehensive yield for improving Macrobrachium rosenbergii, high more than the 1000kg of per mu yield；Optimize the product of Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Matter, shrimp body surface face is smooth, and vigor is good, free from extraneous odour, and medicine is residual to examine qualified, neat specification, and specification is fully achieved.
Embodiment
Heretofore described Daphnia magna can be obtained by commercially available approach.It can also be obtained by taming.The present invention for
The acquisition pattern of Daphnia magna is not particularly limited.
It is for instance possible to use the patent of invention of Application No. 2015101455719《A kind of acclimation method of Daphnia magna and its
Using》In acclimation obtain Daphnia magna.But not and it is limited to this acquisition pattern.
Its invent design be：Daphnia magna is launched into domestication pool, using specific domestication foodstuff culture for a period of time,
Sociales are taken to carry out repeating domestication, purification, rejuvenation, most Daphnia magna domestication turns into the natural enemy of blue-green algae at last.The Daphnia magna of the present invention
Domestication and improvement has three layers of implication：To digesting and assimilating the improvement of blue-green algae enteron aisle；To blue-green algae agglomerate bore improvement of ingesting；Salt water population is stable
Property fresh water improvement.Through domestication, Daphnia magna adult average individual size is between 5.0~6.5mm, the maximum individual long 6.7mm of body, most
Big body weight can filter the food particle for eating maximum gauge about 80-160um up to 8.8mg.
Specifically, the Daphnia magna is obtained by following acclimation method, the described method comprises the following steps：
(1) domestication foodstuff is fed：Daphnia magna is put into domestication water, feeds domestication foodstuff daily；
(2) screen：Tamed from step (1) in the Daphnia magna after foodstuff is fed and select sociales, the sociales are made a living
Long situation is excellent and individual relatively large Daphnia magna.
(3) the multiple circulating repetition of Daphnia magna selected through step (2) is subjected to domestication food using step (1) and step (2)
Material feeds and screened again, is at least 60 days until feeding the domestication total number of days of foodstuff；
(4) it is stable：The Daphnia magna that step (3) is obtained is launched in specific body of water more than 50 days, feeds domestication foodstuff daily,
To carry out the stabilization of domestication and improvement characteristic and rejuvenation.
In step (1), the water body in domestication pool is general water body.The temperature that the control of domestication pool water temperature is survived for suitable Daphnia magna
Degree, the temperature range that Daphnia magna is suitably survived are generally 4 DEG C -30 DEG C.Preferably 15-26 DEG C.
In step (1), the density of Daphnia magna domestication is maximum up to 500,000/m3, it is converted into and carries worm amount 2.5kg/m3.It is large-scale
Magna throw-in density is low can't to be influenceed to tame effect, it is contemplated that economic benefit, be typically controllable to ten thousand/m of 30-403.Domestication food
Each injected volume of material is generally：20-40g/ ㎡, feed 3-5 times daily.Feeding time is 7-15 days.
Preferably, step (1) initially seed selection Daphnia magna be length be 2-4mm it is individual it is big, great-hearted health is wild
Daphnia magna.
In step (2), the sociales upgrowth situation is good, blue-green algae water body is adaptable, it is individual typically 3-6mm it
Between.Generally, the Daphnia magna for the 20-40% for accounting for Daphnia magna total quantity to be selected can be selected as sociales.
In step (3), the circulation total degree for using step (1)-(2) feed screening is general at least more than 5 times.
In step (4), it is ten thousand/m of 30-50 that the Daphnia magna, which launches concentration range,3, preferably ten thousand/m of 30-403.It is described
Specific body of water refers to pH value between 5-10, and for dissolved oxygen in 2-8mg/l, temperature range is 4 DEG C to 30 DEG C of water body.Tame foodstuff
Injected volume maintain each 20-40g/ ㎡, feed 3-5 times daily.The stable time can be 50-60 days more than 50 days.
The material composition that domestication foodstuff for taming Daphnia magna includes following parts by weight：
Preferably, the blue-green algae is microcystic aeruginosa (Microcystis aeruginosa).
The honey does not have particular requirement to kind, can use various conventional honey.
The preparation method of the domestication foodstuff comprises the following steps：
1) fresh bananas skin, the fresh stem of dendrobium candidum are broken into starchiness；
2) by saccharomycete dry powder activating；
3) by proportioning, by the saccharomycete of activation, starchy fresh bananas skin, the fresh stem of dendrobium candidum and other raw materials are broken into mix
Even, fermentation, which obtains, under conditions of suitable yeast bacterium is fermented tames foodstuff.
In step 2), the saccharomycete dry powder activating is prior art, conventional method can be used to activate, such as using glucose sugar
Water activates.As present example is specifically enumerated, glucose 150 grams and 35 DEG C pure water, 10 liters of work can be used per 450g saccharomycete dry powder
Change.
Preferably, in step 3), the fermentation condition is：1-10 hours are sealed by fermentation at 35-38 DEG C.
Using described acclimation method, the big individual Daphnia magna that can stablize growth in the wild can be obtained.It is with water body
Algae is its main food source, daily can Annexation eat volume equivalent to the algae several times in itself, and by it is other digestion decompose
As water and inorganic salts, the algae in water body is greatly reduced, loses population advantage.
For the present invention first using natural bait of the above-mentioned Daphnia magna as Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the Daphnia magna can be in water body
Algae, the rich nutritive material such as organic granular is converted into animal protein, and then ingested by Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Meanwhile the Daphnia magna of domestication is ingested after digesting blue-green algae, can be produced faintly acid excreta, effectively be reduced water pH value,
The growth and breeding of blue-green algae can be suppressed again in turn, promote the health of water ecosystem with stably.
Further, since the Daphnia magna after domestication is used as a kind of large-scale cladocera zooplankter in itself, it is a kind of dispersed species, no
Foreign term equivalent risk be present.
Before the specific embodiment of the invention is further described, it should be appreciated that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to down
State specific specific embodiment；It is also understood that the term used in the embodiment of the present invention is specific specific in order to describe
Embodiment, the protection domain being not intended to be limiting of the invention.The test method of unreceipted actual conditions in the following example,
Generally according to normal condition, or the condition proposed by according to each manufacturer.
When embodiment provides number range, it should be appreciated that except non-invention is otherwise noted, two ends of each number range
Any one numerical value can be selected between point and two end points.Unless otherwise defined, in the present invention all technologies for using and
Scientific terminology is identical with the meaning that those skilled in the art of the present technique are generally understood that.Except used in embodiment specific method, equipment,
Outside material, according to grasp of the those skilled in the art to prior art and the record of the present invention, it can also use and this
Any method, equipment and the material of the similar or equivalent prior art of method, equipment described in inventive embodiments, material come real
The existing present invention.
Unless otherwise indicated, disclosed in this invention experimental method, detection method, preparation method using this technology lead
Domain conventional molecular biology, biochemistry, chromatin Structure and analysis, analytical chemistry, cell culture, recombinant DNA technology and
The routine techniques of association area.These technologies existing perfect explanation in the prior art, for details, reference can be made to Sambrook etc.
MOLECULAR CLONING：A LABORATORY MANUAL, Second edition, Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory Press, 1989and Third edition, 2001；Ausubel etc., CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, John Wiley＆Sons, New York, 1987and periodic updates；the
Series METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY, Academic Press, San Diego；Wolffe, CHROMATIN
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, Third edition, Academic Press, San Diego, 1998；METHODS IN
ENZYMOLOGY, Vol.304, Chromatin (P.M.Wassarman and A.P.Wolffe, eds.), Academic
Press, San Diego, 1999；With METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, Vol.119, Chromatin
Protocols (P.B.Becker, ed.) Humana Press, Totowa, 1999 etc..
Embodiment
(1) preparation：The sterilization of culturing pool and instrument；The processing of breeding water, according to the conventional cultivation of Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Standard is prepared.
(2) shrimp seedling selects：Best in quality and virus-free healthy Macrobrachium rosenbergii Larvae of the specification in more than 1.2cm is selected to make
For shrimp seedling.
(3) shrimp seedling is put in a suitable place to breed：Shrimp seedling is put in a suitable place to breed with the breeding density of 100,000-15 ten thousand tails/mu.
(3) temperature, salinity, Oxygen control are cultivated：In breeding process, temperature control is between 25~28 DEG C.Salinity in water
Control is 1~3 ‰.Dissolved oxygen in water maintains more than 5mg/l all the time, it is preferable that dissolved oxygen amount is controlled in 8~12mg/L.
(4) feeding is cultivated：The feeding in a manner of full pond is uniformly splashed.At the initial stage of cultivation, total feeding volume of bait is total for pond shrimp
The 3~5% of weight.Total feeding volume of bait is the 5~7% of pond shrimp gross weight.The later stage is cultivated, total feeding volume of bait is pond shrimp
The 7~10% of gross weight.Adhere to the diligent principle thrown and fed less, daily bait throwing in 4-6 times.The first month of after seedling is put, is thrown usual day
Feeding number can arrange 4 times, daily 6-7 points, 10-11 points, 15-16 points, 20-21 points.Later as the growth of pond crayfish, daily ration, feeding quantity add
Greatly, it can increase and feed number, feed daily 6 times, from early 6 points to 22 points, feed once within about three hours, the throwing after afternoon
Feed and account for the 60% of whole day feeding volume.With weather, temperature, water quality, the active situation of shrimp and increase and decrease bait.
Parts by weight ratio when specific feeding method and bait feeding refers to table 1.Wherein, average of Daphnia magna
Body size is between 5.0~6.5mm.
The feeding method of table 1
(5) into shrimp catching：Conventionally catching supplies market into shrimp.
Specific culture efficiency, as shown in table 2.
The culture efficiency of table 2
| Method 1 | Method 2 | Method 3 | Comparative example | |
| Put seedling density (ten thousand tails/mu) | 10 | 12 | 15 | 15 |
| Go out pond specification (g/ tails) | 75 | 85 | 90 | 25 |
| Survival rate (%) | 91.0% | 90.5% | 90.0% | 70% |
| Specific yield (kg/ mus) | 1100 | 1050 | 1260 | 600 |
The data from table are it is known that culturing pool culture zone is also up into high more than the 1000kg of shrimp per mu yield, survival rate
More than 90%.Do not occur obvious disease in breeding process；It is 75~90g to go out pond into shrimp body weight, and shrimp body surface face is smooth, vigor
Good, free from extraneous odour, medicine is residual to examine qualified, neat specification, and specification is fully achieved.
It is described above, only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is not any to the present invention in form and substantial limitation,
It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, on the premise of the inventive method is not departed from, can also make
Some improvement and supplement, these are improved and supplement also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.All those skilled in the art,
Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, when made using disclosed above technology contents it is a little more
Dynamic, modification and the equivalent variations developed, it is the equivalent embodiment of the present invention；Meanwhile all substantial technologicals pair according to the present invention
The variation, modification and evolution for any equivalent variations that above-described embodiment is made, still fall within the scope of technical scheme
It is interior.
Claims (13)
1. a kind of Macrobrachium rosenbergii feeding method, it is in Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding process, is used as using daphnia and feeds bait or feed
One of bait, comprise the following steps：
(1) early stage is being cultivated, a length of 1~5 centimeter of Macrobrachium rosenbergii body, is feeding daphnia and Macrobrachium rosenbergii special compound feed as bait
Material；
(2) in cultivation mid-term, a length of 5~8 centimeters of Macrobrachium rosenbergii body, daphnia, river snail and Macrobrachium rosenbergii special compound feed are fed
As bait；
(3) later stage is being cultivated, a length of more than 8 centimeters of Macrobrachium rosenbergii body, is feeding river snail and Macrobrachium rosenbergii special compound feed conduct
Bait.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the daphnia belongs to cladocera or Copepods.
3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the daphnia is Daphnia magna.
4. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterised in that the Daphnia magna adult average individual size 5.0mm with
On.
5. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), when feeding, based on the Daphnia magna, sieve
Supplemented by family name's pond crayfish special compound feed.
6. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), when feeding, the daphnia and Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Parts by weight ratio between special compound feed is：(90~95)：(10~5).
7. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), the Macrobrachium rosenbergii special compound feed is
0# expects.
8. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (2), when feeding, using the daphnia and river snail as
It is main, supplemented by Macrobrachium rosenbergii special compound feed.
9. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the daphnia, river snail, special with Macrobrachium rosenbergii in step (2)
It is with the parts by weight ratio between mixed feed：(45~50)：(40~50)：(10~5).
10. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (2), the Macrobrachium rosenbergii special compound feed
Expect for 1#.
11. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (3), when feeding, with the special cooperation of Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Based on feed, supplemented by river snail.
12. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (3), the river snail, with Macrobrachium rosenbergii is special matches somebody with somebody
Close feed between parts by weight ratio be：(10~5)：(90~95).
13. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (3), the Macrobrachium rosenbergii special compound feed
Expect for 2#.
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| CN109006603A (en) * | 2018-06-02 | 2018-12-18 | 象州百丈银鑫生态农业有限责任公司 | The high yield polyculture method of Penaeus Vannmei and Macrobrachium rosenbergii |
| CN111374076A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-07-07 | 上海开太鱼文化发展有限公司 | Penaeus vannamei feeding method |
| CN111374078A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-07-07 | 上海开太鱼文化发展有限公司 | Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding method |
| CN111374077A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-07-07 | 上海开太鱼文化发展有限公司 | Penaeus vannamei farming method |
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| CN111374077A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-07-07 | 上海开太鱼文化发展有限公司 | Penaeus vannamei farming method |
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Application publication date: 20180130 |