CN104938378A - Ecological young shrimp culture method for macrobrachium rosenbergii - Google Patents
Ecological young shrimp culture method for macrobrachium rosenbergii Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
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- A61K31/375—Ascorbic acid, i.e. vitamin C; Salts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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- A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
- A61K35/74—Bacteria
- A61K35/741—Probiotics
- A61K35/742—Spore-forming bacteria, e.g. Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus subtilis, clostridium or Lactobacillus sporogenes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
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- A61K35/744—Lactic acid bacteria, e.g. enterococci, pediococci, lactococci, streptococci or leuconostocs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention provides an ecological young shrimp culture method for macrobrachium rosenbergii. The method includes the steps of preparing a young shrimp culture pond, preparing water used for young shrimp culture, obtaining young shrimp larvas, feeding bait, managing water quality, transferring the young shrimps to another pond, desalting for young shrimp emergence and the like. In the bait feeding process, the young shrimps are fed on natural bait unit cell algae, fairy shrimp nauplii and artificial bait egg custard, the natural bait is environmentally friendly and healthy, the articical bait is rich in nourishment, and nutritional ingredients are not prone to running off; when the water quality is managed, nuisanceless water quality ameliorant and microbial preparations are adopted to adjust the water quality. Hormones and poisonous chemicals are not used in the young shrimp culture process, the young shrimps are high in survival rate and grow healthily and strongly, young shrimp emergence is fast, and the ecological young shrimp culture method is low in cost, high in efficiency and capable of effectively increasing economic benefits of an aquaculture farm.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of a seed shrimp seedling, be specifically related to a kind of method of Macrobrachium rosenbergii ecological breeding.
Background technology
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Macrobra'chiumrosenbergiideman) has another name called Malaysian prawn, the long-armed prawn of fresh water, is a kind of large-scale fresh water shrimp, originates in Southeast Asia.It has, and growth is fast, feeding habits wide, meat nutrition is good, and the advantage such as the culture-cycle is short, is one of three large shrimp species that the amount of cultivation is the highest in the world.The thin body of its shell is fertile, Fresh & Tender in Texture, and delicious flavour is nutritious.Except being rich in the local flavor of general Freshwater shrimps, being filled with gonad in ripe Macrobrachium rosenbergii carapace, there is the taste of the special deliciousness being similar to crab oil.Every hectogram Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp containing 20.6 grams, protein, 0.7 gram, fat, and containing multivitamin and the necessary trace element of human body, be high-protein nutrient aquatic products.Since 1960's starts to propagate Macrobrachium rosenbergii artificially, development rapidly, China introduced this shrimp from 1976, now in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang Deng Shiduoge provinces, cities and autonomous regions cultivate, and achieve obvious economic benefit.
Macrobrachium rosenbergii is lived in water, there is prawn disease not easily to discover, its common disease has balantidiasis, brown spot, black gill disease, soft-shell disease, duricrust disease, crust canker, whitish muscle diseases etc., the generation of these diseases can have a strong impact on the growth of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, very easily cause plant's underproduction and without product, bring a large amount of economic losses to raiser.Therefore, the disease of Macrobrachium rosenbergii to put prevention first, particularly must be set about from the seed selection of nontoxic close shrimp and nontoxic shrimp seedling.Select not fall ill the Macrobrachium rosenbergii in cultivation area of history as close shrimp, to guarantee that close shrimp and corresponding shrimp seedling are not with virus, this method adopts in Guangxi part plant, successfully controls the generation of disease.In the hatching and cultivating process of shrimp seedling, to strict management be carried out equally, guarantee that nursery pond, Chi Shui, bait etc. are all nontoxic, cultivate healthy shrimp seedling, for the cultivation of Macrobrachium rosenbergii provides safety guarantee.
The shrimp seed rearing of Macrobrachium rosenbergii has multiple method, on Water-quality control, mainly prevent the generation of shrimp Seedling Diseases.Chinese patent CN200910182855 discloses a kind of method that roc cultivates Luo pond crayfish fries, the method builds booth on suitable area waters, Luo pond crayfish fries is put in a suitable place to breed with suitable density, be equipped with novel rational rich water, temperature adjusting, oxygenation, bait feeding, the technology such as Stress management and water quality management, effectively control seed rearing overall process comprehensively, refinement and standardization have been carried out to original rearing of fingerling, adopt bottom oxygenation, Vc and premix etc. is added in bait, ensured the growth of shrimp seedling by the high steady measure such as Vc and effective microorganism preparation of splashing during shrimp seed rearing.Use the fertilizer of chicken manure and lactic acid bacteria mixed culture fermentation as base fertilizer in the method rich water process, chicken manure itself may containing more pathogenic microorganism, and how killing these potential pathogenic microorganisms is in use difficult problems.Chinese patent CN201210158104 discloses a kind of factory culturing method of Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp seedling, the method comprises the selection in brackish water pond and process, close shrimp are chosen, the raising pretreatment of close shrimp, close shrimp is raised, nursery pond requires, the water treatment of nursery pond, observe the content such as daily management of close shrimp mating, larval culture, nursery pond, when water treatment, adopt Chinese herbal medicine powder bactericide process water source.The insecticide of the method is made up of the Chinese herbal medicine of more than 10 kinds, and Chinese herbal medicine is of a great variety, complicated component, the property of medicine are indefinite, and improper use causes side effect easily to shrimp seedling, affects shrimp seedling quality.
In sum, existing Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp seed rearing method also exists weak point, develops a kind of seedling-cultivating method of natural nuisance-free, cultivates healthy Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp seedling, to the cultivation of popularization Macrobrachium rosenbergii, promotes that farmers' income is significant.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the deficiency in existing Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding method, the invention provides a kind of method of Macrobrachium rosenbergii ecological breeding.
The present invention realizes in the following way:
A method for Macrobrachium rosenbergii ecological breeding, comprises the following steps:
(1) nursery pond prepares: select specification to be that the indoor water mud sump of 1.5 m × 0.8, m × 4.0 m is as nursery pond, nursery pond inside arranges heating tube, micropore gas tube is set bottom nursery pond, micropore gas tube connects fan blower, and nursery pond inwall and bottom surface brushing one deck aquatic products specialized paint are to smooth surface, and paint dries rear freshwater soaking nursery pond 7-10 days, then the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate 10-15 minute of 8-15 g/L is used, rinse 1-2 time by clean tap water after sterilization, dry, for subsequent use; Heating tube can control the water temperature of nursery pond, avoids excessive temperature differentials to make shrimp seedling produce stress reaction; The dissolved oxygen amount that can effectively improve in water inflated by micropore gas tube, avoids shrimp seedling to cause damage because of anoxic; With aquatic products specialized paint by nursery pond brushing, pool wall smooth surface can be made, facilitate the cleaning of nursery pond, also can reduce dirt and cause of disease in seedling raising process simultaneously and adhere on pool wall, effectively the generation of prevention shrimp Seedling Diseases;
(2) water for larval nursing prepares: concentrated seawater is diluted to the nursery seawater that salinity is 10-12%, filter after nursery seawater precipitation with absorbent cotton filter bag, then successively through TCCA (Trichloroisocyanuric acid) sterilization 24-36 h, in sodium thiosulfate and chlorine residue to starch potassium iodide solution testing without variable color, lime water regulates pH to be 7.5-8.0, obtain water for larval nursing, water for larval nursing is injected nursery pond, in nursery pond, throw in Micro Algae the previous day the immigration shrimp seedling young, make the density of Micro Algae reach 1-1.5 × 10
5individual/mL; Water for larval nursing is that concentrated seawater obtains through diluting and disinfecting, belong to natural water, shrimp seedling is grown in close to natural surroundings, Micro Algae is thrown in toward nursery pond, namely Chi Shui can be fattened, can, as the natural bait of shrimp seedling, shake down very favourable to the shrimp seedling that promotion has just been thrown in again;
(3) the shrimp seedling young obtains: hatchery is stopped inflation 5-8 minute, collects and swims in the healthy and strong shrimp seedling young that is upper, middle level, the shrimp seedling young is put into nursery pond with 150-200 mesh sieve tulle, and controlling shrimp seedling young density in nursery pond is 8-12 ten thousand tails/m
3; Just hatchery stops inflation carrying out collection and the input of the shrimp seedling young after 5-8 minute again, to make the physiological metabolism activity of the shrimp seedling young be in state relatively slowly, because the change of environment occurs that violent stress reaction causes death when preventing from rendering to nursery pond, control the injected volume of shrimp seedling simultaneously, too much easily there is anoxic or individual competition, cross that I haven't seen you for ages reduces breeding efficiency;
(4) bait feeding: the bait of throwing something and feeding comprises Micro Algae, fairy shrimp nauplius and egg custard: the feeding volume of Micro Algae, depending on the water colour in nursery pond, is thrown something and fed less when water colour is dark, thrown something and fed when water colour is shallow more; After the shrimp seedling young hatches 18-36h, start fairy shrimp nauplius of throwing something and feeding, every 4-6h throws something and feeds once; At shrimp seedling larval culture after 8-9 days, before fairy shrimp nauplius of throwing something and feeding, increase egg custard of throwing something and feeding; The feeding volume of fairy shrimp nauplius and egg custard is eaten up with shrimp seedling young 1h and is as the criterion; The whole green non-pollution of bait and with low cost, Micro Algae not only can as bait but also can regulating water quality, fairy shrimp nauplius is containing abundant animal protein, and egg custard can be locked in inside solid particle nutrient component, avoid liquid or powdered nutritional directly to render in water and cause the not easily feeding and nutrition loss of the shrimp seedling young;
(5) water quality management: by heating tube, water temperature is controlled at 29-32 DEG C in seedling raising process, dissolved oxygen amount 5.0-6.0mg/L is controlled by fan blower and gas tube, start to throw something and feed after fairy shrimp nauplius, at the bottom of every morning nursery pond, soil pick-up 1 time, changes water afternoon 1 time, the water temperature temperature difference≤0.5 DEG C before and after controlling when changing water, every within 2 days, use 1-1.5g/L respectively improver of water quality and microorganism formulation 1 time, keep seedling water pH 7.5-8.0, total ammonia nitrogen≤0.5mg/L, nitrite≤0.1mg/L; Excellent water quality improves the key of shrimp shoot survival percent, controlling water temperature, dissolved oxygen amount and pollutant can make the shrimp seedling young grow in stable environment, not easily there is disease in the shrimp seedling young, and the improver of water quality used and microorganism formulation are all biological beneficiating ingredients, and shrimp seedling young adaptability is good;
(6) shrimp seedling falls pond: shrimp seedling larval culture starts on the 6th day, carries out down pond 1 time every 3 days, to be collected by the shrimp seedling young put into new nursery pond and continue to cultivate, the water temperature temperature difference≤0.5 DEG C, the time of falling pond control front and back with 100-150 object bolting silk net; Pond can effectively prevent the water quality deterioration prawn seedling young from producing toxic action, avoids the shrimp seedling young that extensive disease occurs;
(7) desalination is emerged: the shrimp seedling young becomes young shrimp seedling after cultivating through 19-21 days, emerges after being desalinated by young shrimp seedling, the water temperature temperature difference≤0.5 DEG C before and after controlling during desalination; Shrimp seedling is carried out desalinating emerging again, shrimp seedling can be made to adapt to the fresh water environment of plant in advance, improve later survival rate of emerging, guarantee that shrimp seedling can spend the laundering period safely, for ensuing one-tenth shrimp aquaculture establishes good basis after throwing in plant.
Preferably, described aquatic products specialized paint is epoxy resin Rinsing Area paint, select Taiwan forever to remember to make the rainbow board epoxy resin Rinsing Area paint that paint industry (Kunshan) Co., Ltd produces, its two-liquid type coating adopting high-quality epoxy resin and special curing agent to be equipped with resistance to water pigment to refine, it is wear-resisting, water-fast, oil resistant, chemical-resistant resistance, corrosion-resistant and nontoxic, and there is extremely strong penetration, complete xerophilous pool wall brushes this paint, it to penetrate in the gap of cement wall and to form intact diaphragm, pool wall can not be corroded, the unique molecular structure of its 3 D stereo makes coating surface become smooth airtight film after the drying, its toughness is not easily destroyed and can not leaves an attachment and living space to bacterium.
Preferably, described Micro Algae comprises Chaetoceros, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and chlorella.
Preferably, described its raw material of egg custard comprises milk powder, prawn slice and egg, the senior prawn slice that described prawn slice select Bo Shangsheng skill industry (Zhanjiang) Co., Ltd to produce, it comprises the multiple nutrients materials such as fish protein, amino acids, spirulina, carotin, algae essence, fresh egg, South Pole shrimp med, astacin, multiple vitamin, ferment, its absorption easy to digest, and palatability is splendid, food calling power is strong, the ingestion function of shrimp seedling can be improved, shrimp seedling vigor is strengthened, Adaptable growth environment.
Preferably, described its preparation method of egg custard is for put into egg by milk powder, prawn slice and water, the weight ratio of milk powder, prawn slice, egg and water is 1-1.5:1-1.5:7-8:7-12, mix rear Steam by water bath 10-15 minute, by the time controling of steaming at 10-15 minute, overlong time can destroy part nutrient component.
Preferably, described its particle diameter of egg custard is 0.5-1.5 mm, controls the particle diameter of egg custard, be conducive to the shrimp seedling young ingesting to egg custard according to the vegetative stage of the shrimp seedling young.
Preferably, the 1/3-1/2 that its quantity of exchanged water of water is water for larval nursing amount is changed described in.
Preferably, described improver of water quality is high steady vitamin C, high steady vitamin C remains ascorbic all functions feature, the anti-stress ability of the shrimp seedling young can be improved, effective prevention plague, kwashiorkor, rotten (black) cheek disease etc., and it has excellent stability, render to not easily oxidized consumption in water.
Preferably, described microorganism formulation comprises lactic acid bacteria, composite bacillus, immune polysaccharide and functional little peptide.The present invention's microorganism formulation is biochemical corp of positive Johnson & Johnson, Hainan product bulla king.This biologic product is containing beneficial bacterium, first, they can rapidly field planting in the enteron aisle of shrimp seedling, beneficiating ingredient such as secretion lactic acid, digestive ferment etc., improve the enteron aisle digestion power of shrimp seedling, effectively can also adjust the colony balance of shrimp seedling enteron aisle, killing by nutrient competition, attachment site competition or toxin such as secretion antibiotic, bacteriocin etc. or suppress pathogenic microorganism, improving the survival rate of shrimp seedling when attacked by disease; Secondly, these beneficial bacteriums can grow very well in various water quality, and in nursery pond, lower floor's dissolved oxygen in water is general lower, easily grows pathogen, throw in beneficial bacterium and become dominant bacteria, eliminate pathogen and to rely the condition of growth, suppress the breeding of pathogen; Finally, beneficial bacterium can promote amount reproduction and the growth of Micro Algae, can also decompose the organic matter in shrimp seedling remaining bait, ight soil and water, improvement water body environment; This biologic product is also containing immune polysaccharide and functional little peptide, and they are natural, green, efficient aquatic immune reinforcing agents, greatly can strengthen the immunity of shrimp seedling, improve disease resistance ability.
Preferably, its method of described desalination is the 1/3-1/2 discharging water for larval nursing amount every day, then in nursery pond, adds the fresh water prawn seedling of disinfecting with the process of discharging water equivalent desalinate, desalination 2-3 days continuously.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. the present invention is with aquatic products specialized paint by nursery pond brushing, can make pool wall smooth surface, facilitates the cleaning of nursery pond, also can reduce dirt and cause of disease in seedling raising process simultaneously and adhere on pool wall, effectively the generation of prevention shrimp Seedling Diseases.
2. water for larval nursing of the present invention is that concentrated seawater obtains through diluting and disinfecting, and belongs to natural water, shrimp seedling is grown in close to natural surroundings, improve the survival rate of the shrimp seedling young.
3. the whole green non-pollution of bait of the present invention and with low cost, Micro Algae not only can as bait but also can regulating water quality, fairy shrimp nauplius is containing abundant animal protein, and egg custard can be locked in inside solid particle nutrient component, avoid liquid or powdered nutritional directly to render in water and cause the not easily feeding and nutrition loss of the shrimp seedling young.
4. the present invention selects high steady vitamin C and microorganism formulation regulating water quality, and these two kinds is all green non-pollution conditioning agent, and biocompatibility is good, effectively can improve water quality, and itself not the prawn seedling young produce toxic and side effect.
5. seedling-cultivating method of the present invention is with low cost, easy and simple to handle, does not use hormone and toxic chemical spills, and shrimp shoot survival percent is high, robust growth, emerge fast, and shrimp seedling does not carry deleterious pathogens, cultivation success rate can be improved, there is good economic benefit, be suitable for applying to plant.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, but do not limit the scope of the invention and range of application.
embodiment 1
A method for Macrobrachium rosenbergii ecological breeding, comprises the following steps:
(1) nursery pond prepares: select specification to be that the indoor water mud sump of 1.5 m × 0.8, m × 4.0 m is as nursery pond, nursery pond inside arranges heating tube, micropore gas tube is set bottom nursery pond, micropore gas tube connects fan blower, nursery pond inwall and bottom surface with aquatic products special epoxy resin Rinsing Area paint brushing one deck to smooth surface, paint dries rear freshwater soaking nursery pond 7 days, then the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate 12 minutes of 15 g/L is used, 1 time is rinsed by clean tap water after sterilization, dry, for subsequent use;
(2) water for larval nursing prepares: concentrated seawater is diluted to the nursery seawater that salinity is 12%, filter after nursery seawater precipitation with absorbent cotton filter bag, then successively through TCCA (Trichloroisocyanuric acid) sterilization 24h, finally to use in sodium thiosulfate and chlorine residue to starch potassium iodide solution testing without variable color, pH is regulated to be 7.5 with lime water, obtain water for larval nursing, water for larval nursing is injected nursery pond, in nursery pond, Micro Algae is thrown in the previous day: Chaetoceros, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and chlorella, make the density of Micro Algae reach 1.2 × 10 the immigration shrimp seedling young
5individual/mL;
(3) the shrimp seedling young obtains: hatchery is stopped inflation 5 minutes, collects and swims in the healthy and strong shrimp seedling young that is upper, middle level, the shrimp seedling young is put into nursery pond with 150 mesh sieve tulles, and controlling shrimp seedling young density in nursery pond is 100,000 tails/m
3;
(4) bait feeding: the bait of throwing something and feeding comprises Micro Algae, fairy shrimp nauplius and egg custard: the feeding volume of Micro Algae, depending on the water colour in nursery pond, is thrown something and fed less when water colour is dark, thrown something and fed when water colour is shallow more; After the shrimp seedling young hatches 24h, start fairy shrimp nauplius of throwing something and feeding, every 4h throws something and feeds once; At shrimp seedling larval culture after 9 days, before fairy shrimp nauplius of throwing something and feeding, increase egg custard of throwing something and feeding; The feeding volume of fairy shrimp nauplius and egg custard is eaten up with shrimp seedling young 1h and is as the criterion; The raw material of egg custard comprises milk powder, prawn slice, egg and water, preparation method is for put into egg by milk powder, prawn slice and water, the weight ratio of milk powder, prawn slice, egg and water is 1:1:7:7, mixes rear Steam by water bath 15 minutes, makes the particle that particle diameter is 0.5 mm;
(5) water quality management: by heating tube, water temperature is controlled at 30 DEG C in seedling raising process, dissolved oxygen amount 5.0mg/L is controlled by fan blower and gas tube, start to throw something and feed after fairy shrimp nauplius, soil pick-up 1 time at the bottom of every morning nursery pond, change water afternoon 1 time, quantity of exchanged water is 1/3 of water for larval nursing amount, the water temperature temperature difference≤0.5 DEG C before and after controlling when changing water, every within 2 days, use 1g/L respectively improver of water quality and microorganism formulation 1 time, keep seedling water pH 7.5-8.0, total ammonia nitrogen≤0.5mg/L, nitrite≤0.1mg/L;
(6) shrimp seedling falls pond: shrimp seedling larval culture starts on the 6th day, carries out down pond 1 time every 3 days, to be collected by the shrimp seedling young put into new nursery pond and continue to cultivate, the water temperature temperature difference≤0.5 DEG C, the time of falling pond control front and back with 100 object bolting silk nets;
(7) desalination is emerged: the shrimp seedling young becomes young shrimp seedling after cultivating through 20 days, young shrimp seedling is desalinated, during desalination, discharge 1/3 of water for larval nursing amount every day, the fresh water of disinfecting with the process of discharging water equivalent is added again in nursery pond, the water temperature temperature difference≤0.5 DEG C before and after controlling, desalination was emerged after 2 days continuously.
The shrimp shoot survival percent of the present embodiment is 93%.
embodiment 2
A method for Macrobrachium rosenbergii ecological breeding, comprises the following steps:
(1) nursery pond prepares: select specification to be that the indoor water mud sump of 1.5 m × 0.8, m × 4.0 m is as nursery pond, nursery pond inside arranges heating tube, micropore gas tube is set bottom nursery pond, micropore gas tube connects fan blower, nursery pond inwall and bottom surface with aquatic products special epoxy resin Rinsing Area paint brushing one deck to smooth surface, paint dries rear freshwater soaking nursery pond 8 days, then the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate 10 minutes of 8 g/L is used, 1 time is rinsed by clean tap water after sterilization, dry, for subsequent use;
(2) water for larval nursing prepares: concentrated seawater is diluted to the nursery seawater that salinity is 11%, filter after nursery seawater precipitation with absorbent cotton filter bag, to sterilize 36 h by TCCA (Trichloroisocyanuric acid) again, finally to use in sodium thiosulfate and chlorine residue to starch potassium iodide solution testing without variable color, pH is regulated to be 8.0 with lime water, obtain water for larval nursing, water for larval nursing is injected nursery pond, in nursery pond, Micro Algae is thrown in the previous day: Chaetoceros, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and chlorella, make the density of Micro Algae reach 1 × 10 the immigration shrimp seedling young
5individual/mL;
(3) the shrimp seedling young obtains: hatchery is stopped inflation 6 minutes, collects and swims in the healthy and strong shrimp seedling young that is upper, middle level, the shrimp seedling young is put into nursery pond with 200 mesh sieve tulles, and controlling shrimp seedling young density in nursery pond is 120,000 tails/m
3;
(4) bait feeding: the bait of throwing something and feeding comprises Micro Algae, fairy shrimp nauplius and egg custard: the feeding volume of Micro Algae, depending on the water colour in nursery pond, is thrown something and fed less when water colour is dark, thrown something and fed when water colour is shallow more; After the shrimp seedling young hatches 30h, start fairy shrimp nauplius of throwing something and feeding, every 6h throws something and feeds once; At shrimp seedling larval culture after 8 days, before fairy shrimp nauplius of throwing something and feeding, increase egg custard of throwing something and feeding; The feeding volume of fairy shrimp nauplius and egg custard is eaten up with shrimp seedling young 1h and is as the criterion; The raw material of egg custard comprises milk powder, prawn slice, egg and water, preparation method is for put into egg by milk powder, prawn slice and water, the weight ratio of milk powder, prawn slice, egg and water is 1.2:1.2:7.5:10, mixes rear Steam by water bath 10 minutes, makes the particle that particle diameter is 1 mm;
(5) water quality management: by heating tube, water temperature is controlled at 29 DEG C in seedling raising process, dissolved oxygen amount 5.5mg/L is controlled by fan blower and gas tube, start to throw something and feed after fairy shrimp nauplius, soil pick-up 1 time at the bottom of every morning nursery pond, change water afternoon 1 time, quantity of exchanged water is 1/2 of water for larval nursing amount, the water temperature temperature difference≤0.5 DEG C before and after controlling when changing water, every within 2 days, use 1.5g/L respectively improver of water quality and microorganism formulation 1 time, keep seedling water pH 7.5-8.0, total ammonia nitrogen≤0.5mg/L, nitrite≤0.1mg/L;
(6) shrimp seedling falls pond: shrimp seedling larval culture starts on the 6th day, carries out down pond 1 time every 3 days, to be collected by the shrimp seedling young put into new nursery pond and continue to cultivate, the water temperature temperature difference≤0.5 DEG C, the time of falling pond control front and back with 150 object bolting silk nets;
(7) desalination is emerged: the shrimp seedling young becomes young shrimp seedling after cultivating through 21 days, young shrimp seedling is desalinated, during desalination, discharge 1/2 of water for larval nursing amount every day, the fresh water of disinfecting with the process of discharging water equivalent is added again in nursery pond, the water temperature temperature difference≤0.5 DEG C before and after controlling, desalination was emerged after 3 days continuously.
The shrimp shoot survival percent of the present embodiment is 92%.
embodiment 3
A method for Macrobrachium rosenbergii ecological breeding, comprises the following steps:
(1) nursery pond prepares: select specification to be that the indoor water mud sump of 1.5 m × 0.8, m × 4.0 m is as nursery pond, nursery pond inside arranges heating tube, micropore gas tube is set bottom nursery pond, micropore gas tube connects fan blower, nursery pond inwall and bottom surface with aquatic products special epoxy resin Rinsing Area paint brushing one deck to smooth surface, paint dries rear freshwater soaking nursery pond 10 days, then the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate 15 minutes of 10 g/L is used, 2 times are rinsed by clean tap water after sterilization, dry, for subsequent use;
(2) water for larval nursing prepares: concentrated seawater is diluted to the nursery seawater that salinity is 10%, filter after nursery seawater precipitation with absorbent cotton filter bag, to sterilize 30h by TCCA (Trichloroisocyanuric acid) again, finally to use in sodium thiosulfate and chlorine residue to starch potassium iodide solution testing without variable color, pH is regulated to be 7.8 with lime water, obtain water for larval nursing, water for larval nursing is injected nursery pond, in nursery pond, Micro Algae is thrown in the previous day: Chaetoceros, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and chlorella, make the density of Micro Algae reach 1.5 × 10 the immigration shrimp seedling young
5individual/mL;
(3) the shrimp seedling young obtains: hatchery is stopped inflation 8 minutes, collects and swims in the healthy and strong shrimp seedling young that is upper, middle level, the shrimp seedling young is put into nursery pond with 150 mesh sieve tulles, and controlling shrimp seedling young density in nursery pond is 80,000 tails/m
3;
(4) bait feeding: the bait of throwing something and feeding comprises Micro Algae, fairy shrimp nauplius and egg custard: the feeding volume of Micro Algae, depending on the water colour in nursery pond, is thrown something and fed less when water colour is dark, thrown something and fed when water colour is shallow more; After the shrimp seedling young hatches 18h, start fairy shrimp nauplius of throwing something and feeding, every 5h throws something and feeds once; At shrimp seedling larval culture after 8 days, before fairy shrimp nauplius of throwing something and feeding, increase egg custard of throwing something and feeding; The feeding volume of fairy shrimp nauplius and egg custard is eaten up with shrimp seedling young 1h and is as the criterion; The raw material of egg custard comprises milk powder, prawn slice, egg and water, preparation method is for put into egg by milk powder, prawn slice and water, the weight ratio of milk powder, prawn slice, egg and water is 1.5:1.5:8:12, mixes rear Steam by water bath 12 minutes, makes the particle that particle diameter is 1.5 mm;
(5) water quality management: by heating tube, water temperature is controlled at 32 DEG C in seedling raising process, dissolved oxygen amount 6.0mg/L is controlled by fan blower and gas tube, start to throw something and feed after fairy shrimp nauplius, soil pick-up 1 time at the bottom of every morning nursery pond, change water afternoon 1 time, quantity of exchanged water is 1/2 of water for larval nursing amount, the water temperature temperature difference≤0.5 DEG C before and after controlling when changing water, every within 2 days, use 1.2g/L respectively improver of water quality and microorganism formulation 1 time, keep seedling water pH 7.5-8.0, total ammonia nitrogen≤0.5mg/L, nitrite≤0.1mg/L;
(6) shrimp seedling falls pond: shrimp seedling larval culture starts on the 6th day, carries out down pond 1 time every 3 days, to be collected by the shrimp seedling young put into new nursery pond and continue to cultivate, the water temperature temperature difference≤0.5 DEG C, the time of falling pond control front and back with 100 object bolting silk nets;
(7) desalination is emerged: the shrimp seedling young becomes young shrimp seedling after cultivating through 19 days, young shrimp seedling is desalinated, during desalination, discharge 1/2 of water for larval nursing amount every day, the fresh water of disinfecting with the process of discharging water equivalent is added again in nursery pond, the water temperature temperature difference≤0.5 DEG C before and after controlling, desalination was emerged after 3 days continuously.
The shrimp shoot survival percent of the present embodiment is 90%.
comparative example
As a comparison, cultivate Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp seedling by method of the present invention and existing native pond method respectively, result is as following table:
The different seedling-cultivating method of table 1 cultivates the difference of shrimp seedling
| Seedling-cultivating method | Survival rate (%) | Individual difference | Sign | Resistance | Reagent dosage | Cost |
| The inventive method | ≥90 | Basically identical | Limbs are intact | Disease-free generation | Few | Low |
| Existing native pond method | ≤50 | Grow irregular | Disability is many | Easy generation disease | Many | High |
As can be seen from Table 1, Macrobrachium rosenbergii ecological breeding method of the present invention is compared with the method for existing native pond, have that shrimp shoot survival percent is high, individual difference is little, sign is intact, strong stress resistance, reagent dosage are few and low cost and other advantages, be the Perfected process cultivating Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp seedling, be suitable for promoting the use of to vast plant.
Claims (10)
1. a method for Macrobrachium rosenbergii ecological breeding, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) nursery pond prepares: select specification to be that the indoor water mud sump of 1.5 m × 0.8, m × 4.0 m is as nursery pond, nursery pond inside arranges heating tube, micropore gas tube is set bottom nursery pond, micropore gas tube connects fan blower, and nursery pond inwall and bottom surface brushing one deck aquatic products specialized paint are to smooth surface, and paint dries rear freshwater soaking nursery pond 7-10 days, then the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate 10-15 minute of 8-15 g/L is used, rinse 1-2 time by clean tap water after sterilization, dry, for subsequent use;
(2) water for larval nursing prepares: concentrated seawater is diluted to the nursery seawater that salinity is 10-12%, filter after nursery seawater precipitation with absorbent cotton filter bag, then successively through TCCA (Trichloroisocyanuric acid) sterilization 24-36 h, in sodium thiosulfate and chlorine residue to starch potassium iodide solution testing without variable color, lime water regulates pH to be 7.5-8.0, obtain water for larval nursing, water for larval nursing is injected nursery pond, in nursery pond, throw in Micro Algae the previous day the immigration shrimp seedling young, make the density of Micro Algae reach 1-1.5 × 10
5individual/mL;
(3) the shrimp seedling young obtains: hatchery is stopped inflation 5-8 minute, collects and swims in the healthy and strong shrimp seedling young that is upper, middle level, the shrimp seedling young is put into nursery pond with 150-200 mesh sieve tulle, and controlling shrimp seedling young density in nursery pond is 8-12 ten thousand tails/m
3;
(4) bait feeding: the bait of throwing something and feeding comprises Micro Algae, fairy shrimp nauplius and egg custard: the feeding volume of Micro Algae, depending on the water colour in nursery pond, is thrown something and fed less when water colour is dark, thrown something and fed when water colour is shallow more; After the shrimp seedling young hatches 18-36h, start fairy shrimp nauplius of throwing something and feeding, every 4-6h throws something and feeds once; At shrimp seedling larval culture after 8-9 days, before fairy shrimp nauplius of throwing something and feeding, increase egg custard of throwing something and feeding; The feeding volume of fairy shrimp nauplius and egg custard is eaten up with shrimp seedling young 1h and is as the criterion;
(5) water quality management: by heating tube, water temperature is controlled at 29-32 DEG C in seedling raising process, dissolved oxygen amount 5.0-6.0mg/L is controlled by fan blower and gas tube, start to throw something and feed after fairy shrimp nauplius, at the bottom of every morning nursery pond, soil pick-up 1 time, changes water afternoon 1 time, the water temperature temperature difference≤0.5 DEG C before and after controlling when changing water, every within 2 days, use 1-1.5g/L respectively improver of water quality and microorganism formulation 1 time, keep seedling water pH 7.5-8.0, total ammonia nitrogen≤0.5mg/L, nitrite≤0.1mg/L;
(6) shrimp seedling falls pond: shrimp seedling larval culture starts on the 6th day, carries out down pond 1 time every 3 days, to be collected by the shrimp seedling young put into new nursery pond and continue to cultivate, the water temperature temperature difference≤0.5 DEG C, the time of falling pond control front and back with 100-150 object bolting silk net;
(7) desalination is emerged: the shrimp seedling young, after cultivation in 19-21 days becomes young shrimp seedling, emerges after being desalinated by young shrimp seedling, the water temperature temperature difference≤0.5 DEG C before and after controlling during desalination.
2. the method for Macrobrachium rosenbergii ecological breeding according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described aquatic products specialized paint is epoxy resin Rinsing Area paint.
3. the method for Macrobrachium rosenbergii ecological breeding according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Micro Algae comprises Chaetoceros, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and chlorella.
4. the method for Macrobrachium rosenbergii ecological breeding according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described its raw material of egg custard comprises milk powder, prawn slice and egg.
5. the method for Macrobrachium rosenbergii ecological breeding according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described its preparation method of egg custard is for put into egg by milk powder, prawn slice and water, the weight ratio of milk powder, prawn slice, egg and water is 1-1.5:1-1.5:7-8:7-12, mixes rear Steam by water bath 10-15 minute.
6. the method for the Macrobrachium rosenbergii ecological breeding according to claim 4 or 5, is characterized in that, described its particle diameter of egg custard is 0.5-1.5 mm.
7. the method for Macrobrachium rosenbergii ecological breeding according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in change the 1/3-1/2 that its quantity of exchanged water of water is water for larval nursing amount.
8. the method for Macrobrachium rosenbergii ecological breeding according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described improver of water quality is high steady vitamin C.
9. the method for Macrobrachium rosenbergii ecological breeding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described microorganism formulation comprises lactic acid bacteria, composite bacillus, immune polysaccharide and functional little peptide.
10. the method for Macrobrachium rosenbergii ecological breeding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, its method of described desalination is the 1/3-1/2 discharging water for larval nursing amount every day, then in nursery pond, adds the fresh water prawn seedling of disinfecting with the process of discharging water equivalent desalinate, desalination 2-3 days continuously.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105638527A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-06-08 | 宁波大学 | Environment-friendly and high-yield breeding method for penaeus vannamei boone |
| CN106213056A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2016-12-14 | 广西正五海洋产业股份有限公司 | Special nursery bait of South America white shrimp and preparation method thereof |
| CN106234852A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2016-12-21 | 广西正五海洋产业股份有限公司 | Special nursery bait of car shrimp and preparation method thereof |
| CN106260769A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2017-01-04 | 广西正五海洋产业股份有限公司 | Special nursery bait of bird shrimp and preparation method thereof |
| CN106719206A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-05-31 | 浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所 | A kind of Penaeus Vannmei efficient health method for culturing seedlings |
| CN106745774A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-31 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | A kind of Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding water treating pond and handling process |
| CN107637553A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2018-01-30 | 上海开太鱼文化发展有限公司 | Macrobrachium rosenbergii feeding method |
| CN108770742A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-09 | 苏州市毛氏阳澄湖水产发展有限公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of Macrobrachium rosenbergii high-survival rate |
| CN108782385A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-13 | 苏州市毛氏阳澄湖水产发展有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of Macrobrachium rosenbergii seedling |
| CN108967285A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2018-12-11 | 扬州市嘉丰罗氏沼虾良种繁殖有限公司 | A kind of Parent Female of Macrobrachium rosenbergii selection |
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| CN111096259A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-05-05 | 天津海友佳音生物科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for breeding shrimps by adopting fully-closed circulating water |
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| CN105638527B (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2018-09-07 | 宁波大学 | A kind of culture of Penaeus vannamei method of green high yield |
| CN105638527A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-06-08 | 宁波大学 | Environment-friendly and high-yield breeding method for penaeus vannamei boone |
| CN107637553A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2018-01-30 | 上海开太鱼文化发展有限公司 | Macrobrachium rosenbergii feeding method |
| CN106213056A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2016-12-14 | 广西正五海洋产业股份有限公司 | Special nursery bait of South America white shrimp and preparation method thereof |
| CN106234852A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2016-12-21 | 广西正五海洋产业股份有限公司 | Special nursery bait of car shrimp and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106745774B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2022-11-11 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | Water treatment tank for raising seedlings of macrobrachium rosenbergii and treatment process |
| CN106719206A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-05-31 | 浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所 | A kind of Penaeus Vannmei efficient health method for culturing seedlings |
| CN108967285A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2018-12-11 | 扬州市嘉丰罗氏沼虾良种繁殖有限公司 | A kind of Parent Female of Macrobrachium rosenbergii selection |
| CN108770742A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-09 | 苏州市毛氏阳澄湖水产发展有限公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of Macrobrachium rosenbergii high-survival rate |
| CN108782385A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-13 | 苏州市毛氏阳澄湖水产发展有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of Macrobrachium rosenbergii seedling |
| CN110150195A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-08-23 | 天津市水产研究所 | A kind of incubation method of the litopenaeus vannamei young |
| CN110150195B (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2021-10-01 | 天津市水产研究所 | Incubation method of litopenaeus vannamei larvae |
| CN110419477A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-11-08 | 苏州市毛氏阳澄湖水产发展有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of Macrobrachium rosenbergii seedling |
| CN110419477B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-09-17 | 苏州市毛氏阳澄湖水产发展有限公司 | Culture method of macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings |
| CN111096259A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-05-05 | 天津海友佳音生物科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for breeding shrimps by adopting fully-closed circulating water |
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