CN106614192A - Cultivation method of crayfish - Google Patents
Cultivation method of crayfish Download PDFInfo
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- CN106614192A CN106614192A CN201710115381.1A CN201710115381A CN106614192A CN 106614192 A CN106614192 A CN 106614192A CN 201710115381 A CN201710115381 A CN 201710115381A CN 106614192 A CN106614192 A CN 106614192A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic product cultivation and particularly relates to a cultivation method of crayfish. The cultivation method includes: building a pond, processing water, putting fry into the pond, and feeding. The cultivation method has the advantages that flowing water is used for cultivation to effectively guarantee the health of the crayfish fry during growth, the water is processed in three different time periods, a good ecological environment is built while the growth environment of the crayfish is optimized, the probability of disease infection of the crayfish is lowered effectively at the same time, the survival rate of the crayfish is increased, the survival rate of the crayfish is above 95% during the cultivation from fry putting to harvesting, the average weight of the single crayfish is increased by 26.3% as compared with that of the crayfish cultivated by a traditional cultivation method, and economic benefits are increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture technical field, more particularly to a kind of cultural method of cray.
Background technology
The nutritive value of cray：1st, from the point of view of protein component, the protein content of lobster is 18.9%, higher than most
Several fresh water and seawater fishes and shrimps, its amino acid composition is better than other meats, containing can not synthesize in vivo necessary to human body
Or 8 kinds of essential amino acids that synthetic quantity is not enough；2nd, the fat content of lobster is only 0.2%, not only much lower than livestock meat, and
Mostly unrighted acid is constituted its fat necessary to human body, easily by human consumption and absorption, and with preventing courage
The effect that sterol is accumulated in vivo；3rd, lobster as other aquatic products, containing mineralogical composition necessary to human body, total amount is about
1.6%, the wherein content of calcium, phosphorus, sodium and iron is all high than general livestock meat, and freshwater crayfish meat flavour is delicious, nutritious, is high
Albumen, low fat and high-energy, nutritious health food, are a kind of global edible shrimps.
As the continuous improvement of people's living standard, people require more and more higher to quality of life, food quality is required
Also very high, the demand of the cray that people enrich to nutritive value is also in very fast growth, but little dragon in the market
Shrimp yield can not meet the active demand of people, because current Water quality receives different degrees of pollution so that cray
Living environment constantly deteriorates, and causes cray easily to catch, meanwhile, cray living environment has limitation, cray
Belong to omnivorous animal again, in the case of nutrition is unbalanced, cray often occurs what is mutually bitten during growth
Situation, so that cray survival rate is relatively low, yield reduction, income decline, therefore it is to be badly in need of solution to improve the yield of cray
Problem certainly.
The content of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of cultural method of cray.
Specifically it is realized in：
A kind of cultural method of cray, comprises the following steps：
(1) pond is built：Culturing pool pond depth is 1.1～1.4m, using flowing water culture, at culturing pool two ends water inlet is had respectively
And dewatering outlet, escape net is provided with water inlet, dewatering outlet and pond surrounding, per square metre of place has convex at one in pond
Go out the platform of the water surface, surrounding has the catch of a length of 40～60cm for inwardly stretching out in pond, in pond bottom every 2～2.5m
Row's aeration tube is had, water body is changed once per 15～20d；Using flowing water culture, it is to avoid water pollution, the life of cray is affected
It is long, meanwhile, the running water constantly changed promotes growth rich in the nutriment needed for the growth of various crays, in the middle of pond and
Surrounding tool has rests for cray, the place of shelling, meanwhile, aeration tube is installed in pond bottom, can at any time improve water body
Oxygen content, promote cray feed and growth, meanwhile, also extend the replacing construction of water body, it is cost-effective.
(2) water body is processed, including disinfecting to the water body before water inlet, the nutrition to the water body after water inlet process and
Three steps of process of water body after discharging water；Water body before water inlet is processed, the health at water source is effectively ensured, it is to avoid water
Pathogen is grown in body, reduces the infringement of bacterium, virus to cray seedling, can effectively improve the survival rate of cray；Enter
After water, the supplement of N P and K and trace element is carried out to water body, the growth of seedling can be effectively facilitated, meanwhile, the water after discharging water
Body reduces the water body after cultivation and other water sources is polluted through further disinfecting, and realizes pollution-free, zero-emission
Environmental protection concept.
(3) seedling is thrown in：It it is first 25～30 DEG C in temperature by all cray seedling of buying, pH value is 7.5～8
2～3d is raised in water body, then 8～12 DEG C will be cooled the temperature to the speed of 0.3～0.4 DEG C/h, it is 6～6.5 to adjust pH value, is raised
2～3d is supported, individual larger, non-disease carrying germ is chosen from the seedling for surviving, activity can stand strong cray seedling, by 8～
The cultivation density of 100000/mu is thrown in；By the cray seedling of buying, by the immersion of salt solution, internal electrolysis is adjusted
Matter, meanwhile, by alternating temperature, after changing water body PH raising a period of times, then secondary selection is carried out, cray is effectively improved to environment
Stress ability, improve resistance, after rendering in culturing pool, can faster adapt to environment, reduce the rate of falling ill of cray, have
Effect improves the survival rate of cray.
(4) feed：Pinpoint in pond in three times daily and throw in feed, each injected volume is 80～120kg/ mus；
Further, the water body before water inlet is processed in described step (2), the water body of culturing pool derives from river, by water
Body and disinfectant are mixed by 2: 0.15～0.2 mass ratio, after placing 1～2d, are passed through oxygen in water body so that water body is oxygen-containing
Measure as 2～2.2mg/L；
Described disinfectant, is made up of following raw material by weight：Limewash 20～25, S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate 8～12, cnidium monnieri
Son 15～20, kuh-seng 8～15, the capsule of weeping forsythia 12～18, radix scutellariae 2～5, tarragon 9～16, stone-like omphalia 3～5.
The preparation method of disinfectant, is weighed after raw material, is added water, 1.2～1.4h of infusion at 90～100 DEG C, is filtered, plus
Enter 0.2～0.3 times of filtrate quality of alcohol, place 1～2d, recovered alcohol, you can, wherein alcohol concentration is more than 50%.
Further, the water body after water inlet is processed in described step (2), is after the water inlet of pond, by water body and nutrition
Agent is mixed by 5: 0.8～1.2 mass ratio, after placing 1～2d, you can throw in cray seedling；
Described nutritional agents, is by 0.8～1.2 by urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and fruit syrup: 2: 1～1.5 mass ratio is mixed
Close.
Fruit syrup, collects discarded fruit peel, is beaten by fruit juice mixer, filters.Fruit syrup is nutritious, rich in each
Amino acid, vitamin and trace element are planted, the growth requirement of cray is met.
Further, it is described to discharging water after water body process, be, by the water body after discharging water from pond, with modifying agent 1 to be pressed:
0.1～0.12 mass ratio mixing, after standing 1～2d, by water river course is put into；
Described modifying agent, be by lime, 1.2～2% potassium permanganate, alum by 1: 2～2.5: 0.5～0.8 matter
Amount is than mixing, you can.
Further, all cray seedling of buying in step (3), also include for all crays being put into concentration for 2.1～
In 2.8% salt solution, after placing 1.2～1.5h, then the step of carry out next step and operate.
Further, described feed, is made up of following raw material by weight：Fish meal 15～20, wheat-middlings 10～20, earthworm
Earthworm powder 12～18, shrimp powder 8～12, chicken manure 6～10, waste mushroom stick 8～12, microalgae extract 6～10, pine needle 12～18, prolong recklessly
Rope 4～8, Radix Glycyrrhizae 8～12, composite polymineral 3～6, sodium citrate 2～7, zymophyte 2～3.
Described zymophyte, is the one kind in bacillus subtilis and S. cervisiae.
Further, described feed, its preparation method is comprised the following steps：
(1) fish meal, wheat-middlings, earthworm powder, shrimp powder, chicken manure and waste mushroom stick are mixed, ultrasonically treated 3～5min, add water tune
Section water content is 10～15%, adds zymophyte, is mixed thoroughly, and it is 24～27 DEG C to adjust indoor temperature, and relative humidity is 50～55%,
8～10h of fermentation, crushes, and crosses 80～100 mesh sieves；
(2) fresh pine needle, corydalis tuber and Radix Glycyrrhizae are plucked, after cleaning respectively, chopping is beaten with fruit juice mixer, is filtered, and is added
The ethanol of 5 times of amounts of filtrate, backflow 3～4h of extraction, reclaims ethanol, obtains residual solution, and filter residue is dried, and crushes 80～100 mesh sieves；
(3) material for obtaining step (1), step (2) and microalgae extract, composite polymineral, sodium citrate mixing, 28
Stir-fry 8～10min at～30 DEG C, by granulator granulation, you can.
Further, described microalgae extract, after microalgae is collected, goes the removal of impurity, dries pulverizing to add concentration to be 1.5
Salt 30～the 35min of acid soak of～1.8mol/L, filters, and it is 10 to add NaOH to adjust PH, soaks 15～18min, is filtered,
It is 7～7.5 to be washed to PH, is added water, and under 80～90 DEG C of water bath with thermostatic control, stirs 15～20min, is down to normal temperature, adds microalgae matter
The acetone of 3 times of amount, backflow 30～35min of extraction, reclaims acetone, filters, and concentrates the filtrate to 1/3.
Further, during cultivating, by the aeration tube of basin bottom, the oxygen content for adjusting water body is 3.5～4mg/L.
In sum, the beneficial effects of the present invention is：The present invention is by building pond, water body process, throwing in seedling, feed one
The reasonable setting of consecutive step, using flowing water culture so that cray seedling has been effectively ensured cray in developmental process
Health, carries out respectively the process of three different times to water body, while ensureing that cray growing environment optimizes, also sets up
Benign ecological environment, while also effectively reducing the probability that cray catches, improves the survival rate of cray, from
During rendering to the cultivation of results, more than 95%, the average weight of single cray is relative to tradition for the survival rate of cray
Cultural method weightening 26.3%, and then improve economic benefit.
Using flowing water culture, it is to avoid water pollution, the growth of cray is affected, meanwhile, the running water constantly changed is rich in each
The nutriment needed for cray growth is planted, promotes growth, had for cray rest, shelling with surrounding tool in the middle of pond
Place, meanwhile, aeration tube is installed in pond bottom, can at any time improve the oxygen content of water body, promote the feed and life of cray
It is long, meanwhile, the replacing construction of water body is also extended, it is cost-effective.
Water body before water inlet is processed, the health at water source is effectively ensured, it is to avoid pathogen is grown in water body, is subtracted
Few bacterium, infringement of the virus to cray seedling, can effectively improve the survival rate of cray, meanwhile, the disinfectant of employing is to adopt
With the disinfectant of traditional Chinese medicine, not only effect is obvious, and pollution-free to water body, and the beneficiating ingredient in Chinese medicine can also promote little
The growth of lobster, improves physique；After water inlet, the supplement of N P and K and trace element is carried out to water body, seedling can be effectively facilitated
Growth, meanwhile, the water body after discharging water reduces the water body after cultivation and causes dirt to other water sources through further disinfecting
Dye, realizes pollution-free, zero-emission environmental protection concept.
By the cray seedling of buying, by the immersion of salt solution, internal electrolyte is adjusted, meanwhile, by alternating temperature, change
After water body PH raises a period of time, then secondary selection is carried out, effectively improve stress ability of the cray to environment, improved degeneration-resistant
Property, after rendering in culturing pool, environment can be faster adapted to, the rate of falling ill of cray is reduced, effectively increase depositing for cray
Motility rate.
Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail below, but the invention is not limited in these realities
Mode is applied, any improvement or replacement on the present embodiment essence spirit still falls within the claims in the present invention required for protection
Scope.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cultural method of cray, comprises the following steps：
(1) pond is built：Culturing pool pond depth is 1.1～1.4m, using flowing water culture, at culturing pool two ends water inlet is had respectively
And dewatering outlet, escape net is provided with water inlet, dewatering outlet and pond surrounding, per square metre of place has convex at one in pond
Go out the platform of the water surface, surrounding has the catch of a length of 40～60cm for inwardly stretching out in pond, in pond bottom every 2～2.5m
Row's aeration tube is had, water body is changed once per 15～20d, during cultivating, the oxygen content of water body is 3.5mg/L；
(2) water body is processed, including disinfecting to the water body before water inlet, the nutrition to the water body after water inlet process and
Three steps of process of water body after discharging water；
The water body before water inlet is processed in described step (2), the water body of culturing pool derives from river, by water body and sterilization
Agent is mixed by 2: 0.15 mass ratio, after placing 1～2d, is passed through oxygen in water body so that oxygen content of water is 2mg/L；
Described disinfectant, is made up of following raw material by weight：Limewash 20kg, S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate 8kg, frutus cnidii
15kg, kuh-seng 8kg, capsule of weeping forsythia 12kg, radix scutellariae 2kg, tarragon 9kg, stone-like omphalia 3kg.
The water body after water inlet is processed in described step (2), is after the water inlet of pond, water body and nutritional agents to be pressed into 5：
0.8 mass ratio mixing, after placing 1～2d, you can throw in cray seedling；
Described nutritional agents, is to mix urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and fruit syrup by 0.8: 2: 1 mass ratio.
It is described to discharging water after water body process, be by the water body after discharging water from pond, with modifying agent by 1: 0.1 matter
Water after standing 1～2d, is put into river course by amount than mixing；
Described modifying agent, is to mix lime, 1.2% potassium permanganate, alum by 1: 2: 0.5 mass ratio, you can.
(3) seedling is thrown in：By all cray seedling of buying, in being put into the salt solution that concentration is 2.1%, 1.2h is placed
Afterwards, then in temperature be 25 DEG C, pH value be 7.5 water body in raise 2～3d, then 8 will be cooled the temperature to the speed of 0.3 DEG C/h
DEG C, it is 6 to adjust pH value, raises 2～3d, and individual larger, non-disease carrying germ is chosen from the seedling for surviving, and activity can stand strong
Cray seedling, is thrown in by the cultivation density of 8～100,000/mu；
(4) feed：Pinpoint in pond in three times daily and throw in feed, each injected volume is 80kg/ mus：
Described feed, is made up of following raw material by weight：Fish meal 15kg, wheat-middlings 10kg, earthworm powder 12kg, shrimp
Skin powder 8kg, chicken manure 6kg, waste mushroom stick 8kg, microalgae extract 6kg, pine needle 12kg, corydalis tuber 4kg, Radix Glycyrrhizae 8kg, composite polymineral
3kg, sodium citrate 2kg, zymophyte 2kg.
Described feed, its preparation method is comprised the following steps：
(1) fish meal, wheat-middlings, earthworm powder, shrimp powder, chicken manure and waste mushroom stick are mixed, ultrasonically treated 3min, the regulation that adds water contains
The water yield is 10%, adds zymophyte, is mixed thoroughly, and it is 24 DEG C to adjust indoor temperature, and relative humidity is 50%, and ferment 8h, crushes, and crosses 80
Mesh sieve；
(2) fresh pine needle, corydalis tuber and Radix Glycyrrhizae are plucked, after cleaning respectively, chopping is beaten with fruit juice mixer, is filtered, and is added
The ethanol of 5 times of amounts of filtrate, backflow extraction 3h, reclaims ethanol, obtains residual solution, and filter residue is dried, and crushes 80 mesh sieves；
(3) material for obtaining step (1), step (2) and microalgae extract, composite polymineral, sodium citrate mixing, 28
Stir-fry 8min at DEG C, by granulator granulation, you can.
Described microalgae extract, after microalgae is collected, goes the removal of impurity, dries pulverizing to add concentration for 1.5mol/L's
Salt acid soak 30min, filters, and it is 10 that addition NaOH adjusts PH, soaks 15min, is filtered, and it is 7～7.5 to be washed to PH, plus
Water, under 80 DEG C of water bath with thermostatic control, stirs 15min, is down to normal temperature, adds 3 times of microalgae quality of acetone, backflow to extract 30min,
Acetone is reclaimed, is filtered, concentrate the filtrate to 1/3.
Embodiment 2
A kind of cultural method of cray, comprises the following steps：
(1) pond is built：Culturing pool pond depth is 1.1～1.4m, using flowing water culture, at culturing pool two ends water inlet is had respectively
And dewatering outlet, escape net is provided with water inlet, dewatering outlet and pond surrounding, per square metre of place has convex at one in pond
Go out the platform of the water surface, surrounding has the catch of a length of 40～60cm for inwardly stretching out in pond, in pond bottom every 2～2.5m
Row's aeration tube is had, water body is changed once per 15～20d, during cultivating, the oxygen content of water body is 4mg/L；
(2) water body is processed, including disinfecting to the water body before water inlet, the nutrition to the water body after water inlet process and
Three steps of process of water body after discharging water；
The water body before water inlet is processed in described step (2), the water body of culturing pool derives from river, by water body and sterilization
Agent is mixed by 2: 0.2 mass ratio, after placing 1～2d, is passed through oxygen in water body so that oxygen content of water is 2.2mg/L；
Described disinfectant, is made up of following raw material by weight：Limewash 25kg, S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate 12kg, frutus cnidii
20kg, kuh-seng 15kg, capsule of weeping forsythia 18kg, radix scutellariae 5kg, tarragon 16kg, stone-like omphalia 5kg.
The water body after water inlet is processed in described step (2), is after the water inlet of pond, by water body and nutritional agents by 5:
1.2 mass ratio mixing, after placing 1～2d, you can throw in cray seedling；
Described nutritional agents, is to mix urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and fruit syrup by 1.2: 2: 1.5 mass ratio.
It is described to discharging water after water body process, be by the water body after discharging water from pond, with modifying agent by 1: 0.12
Mass ratio mixes, and after standing 1～2d, water is put into into river course；
Described modifying agent, is to mix lime, 2% potassium permanganate, alum by 1: 2.5: 0.8 mass ratio, you can.
(3) seedling is thrown in：By all cray seedling of buying, in being put into the salt solution that concentration is 2.8%, 1.5h is placed
Afterwards, then in temperature be 30 DEG C, pH value be 8 water body in raise 2～3d, then 12 DEG C will be cooled the temperature to the speed of 0.4 DEG C/h,
It is 6.5 to adjust pH value, raises 2～3d, and individual larger, non-disease carrying germ is chosen from the seedling for surviving, and activity can stand strong
Cray seedling, is thrown in by the cultivation density of 8～100,000/mu；
(4) feed：Pinpoint in pond in three times daily and throw in feed, each injected volume is 120kg/ mus；
Described feed, is made up of following raw material by weight：Fish meal 20kg, wheat-middlings 20kg, earthworm powder 18kg, shrimp
It is skin powder 12kg, chicken manure 10kg, waste mushroom stick 12kg, microalgae extract 10kg, pine needle 18kg, corydalis tuber 8kg, Radix Glycyrrhizae 12kg, compound
Many ore deposits 6kg, sodium citrate 7kg, zymophyte 3kg.
Described feed, its preparation method is comprised the following steps：
(1) fish meal, wheat-middlings, earthworm powder, shrimp powder, chicken manure and waste mushroom stick are mixed, ultrasonically treated 5min, the regulation that adds water contains
The water yield is 15%, adds zymophyte, is mixed thoroughly, and it is 27 DEG C to adjust indoor temperature, and relative humidity is 55%, and ferment 10h, crushes, mistake
100 mesh sieves；
(2) fresh pine needle, corydalis tuber and Radix Glycyrrhizae are plucked, after cleaning respectively, chopping is beaten with fruit juice mixer, is filtered, and is added
The ethanol of 5 times of amounts of filtrate, backflow 3～4h of extraction, reclaims ethanol, obtains residual solution, and filter residue is dried, and crushes 100 mesh sieves；
(3) material for obtaining step (1), step (2) and microalgae extract, composite polymineral, sodium citrate mixing, 30
Stir-fry 10min at DEG C, by granulator granulation, you can.
Described microalgae extract, after microalgae is collected, goes the removal of impurity, dries pulverizing to add concentration for 1.8mol/L's
Salt acid soak 35min, filters, and it is 10 that addition NaOH adjusts PH, soaks 18min, is filtered, and it is 7～7.5 to be washed to PH, plus
Water, under 90 DEG C of water bath with thermostatic control, stirs 20min, is down to normal temperature, adds 3 times of microalgae quality of acetone, backflow to extract 35min,
Acetone is reclaimed, is filtered, concentrate the filtrate to 1/3.
Embodiment 3
A kind of cultural method of cray, comprises the following steps：
(1) pond is built：Culturing pool pond depth is 1.1～1.4m, using flowing water culture, at culturing pool two ends water inlet is had respectively
And dewatering outlet, escape net is provided with water inlet, dewatering outlet and pond surrounding, per square metre of place has convex at one in pond
Go out the platform of the water surface, surrounding has the catch of a length of 40～60cm for inwardly stretching out in pond, in pond bottom every 2～2.5m
Row's aeration tube is had, water body is changed once per 15～20d, during cultivating, the oxygen content of water body is 3.8mg/L；
(2) water body is processed, including disinfecting to the water body before water inlet, the nutrition to the water body after water inlet process and
Three steps of process of water body after discharging water；
The water body before water inlet is processed in described step (2), the water body of culturing pool derives from river, by water body and sterilization
Agent is mixed by 2: 0.18 mass ratio, after placing 1～2d, is passed through oxygen in water body so that oxygen content of water is 2.1mg/L；
Described disinfectant, is made up of following raw material by weight：Limewash 23kg, S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate 10kg, frutus cnidii
18kg, kuh-seng 13kg, capsule of weeping forsythia 15kg, radix scutellariae 3kg, tarragon 13kg, stone-like omphalia 4kg.
The water body after water inlet is processed in described step (2), is after the water inlet of pond, water body and nutritional agents to be pressed into 5: 1
Mass ratio mixing, place 1～2d after, you can throw in cray seedling；
Described nutritional agents, is to mix urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and fruit syrup by 1: 2: 1.3 mass ratio.
It is described to discharging water after water body process, be by the water body after discharging water from pond, with modifying agent by 1: 0.11
Mass ratio mixes, and after standing 1～2d, water is put into into river course；
Described modifying agent, is to mix lime, 1.5% potassium permanganate, alum by 1: 2.3: 0.7 mass ratio, i.e.,
Can.
(3) seedling is thrown in：By all cray seedling of buying, in being put into the salt solution that concentration is 2.5%, 1.3h is placed
Afterwards, then in temperature be 28 DEG C, pH value be 7.5～8 water body in raise 2～3d, then will be cooled the temperature to the speed of 0.3 DEG C/h
10 DEG C, it is 6～6.5 to adjust pH value, raises 2～3d, and individual larger, non-disease carrying germ, activity are chosen from the seedling for surviving
Strong cray seedling can be stood, is thrown in by the cultivation density of 8～100,000/mu；
(4) feed：Pinpoint in pond in three times daily and throw in feed, each injected volume is 80～120kg/ mus；
Described feed, is made up of following raw material by weight：The ground of fish meal 18, wheat-middlings 15kg, the ground of earthworm powder 15, shrimp
It is skin powder 10kg, the ground of chicken manure 8, waste mushroom stick 10kg, microalgae extract 8kg, pine needle 15kg, corydalis tuber 6kg, Radix Glycyrrhizae 10kg, compound many
Ore deposit 5kg, sodium citrate 5kg, zymophyte 2.5kg.
Described feed, its preparation method is comprised the following steps：
(1) fish meal, wheat-middlings, earthworm powder, shrimp powder, chicken manure and waste mushroom stick are mixed, ultrasonically treated 4min, the regulation that adds water contains
The water yield is 13%, adds zymophyte, is mixed thoroughly, and it is 26 DEG C to adjust indoor temperature, and relative humidity is 53%, and ferment 9h, crushes, and crosses 80
～100 mesh sieves；
(2) fresh pine needle, corydalis tuber and Radix Glycyrrhizae are plucked, after cleaning respectively, chopping is beaten with fruit juice mixer, is filtered, and is added
The ethanol of 5 times of amounts of filtrate, backflow 3～4h of extraction, reclaims ethanol, obtains residual solution, and filter residue is dried, and crushes 80～100 mesh sieves；
(3) material for obtaining step (1), step (2) and microalgae extract, composite polymineral, sodium citrate mixing, 29
Stir-fry 9min at DEG C, by granulator granulation, you can.
Described microalgae extract, after microalgae is collected, goes the removal of impurity, dries pulverizing to add concentration for 1.7mol/L's
Salt acid soak 33min, filters, and it is 10 that addition NaOH adjusts PH, soaks 17min, is filtered, and it is 7～7.5 to be washed to PH, plus
Water, under 85 DEG C of water bath with thermostatic control, stirs 18min, is down to normal temperature, adds 3 times of microalgae quality of acetone, backflow to extract 33min,
Acetone is reclaimed, is filtered, concentrate the filtrate to 1/3.
Embodiment 4
A kind of cultural method of cray, comprises the following steps：
(1) pond is built：Culturing pool pond depth is 1.1～1.4m, using flowing water culture, at culturing pool two ends water inlet is had respectively
And dewatering outlet, escape net is provided with water inlet, dewatering outlet and pond surrounding, per square metre of place has convex at one in pond
Go out the platform of the water surface, surrounding has the catch of a length of 40～60cm for inwardly stretching out in pond, in pond bottom every 2～2.5m
Row's aeration tube is had, water body is changed once per 15～20d, during cultivating, the oxygen content of water body is 3.5mg/L；
(2) water body is processed, including disinfecting to the water body before water inlet, the nutrition to the water body after water inlet process and
Three steps of process of water body after discharging water；
The water body before water inlet is processed in described step (2), the water body of culturing pool derives from river, by water body and sterilization
Agent is mixed by 2: 0.15 mass ratio, after placing 1～2d, is passed through oxygen in water body so that oxygen content of water is 2mg/L；
Described disinfectant, is made up of following raw material by weight：Limewash 25kg, the ground of S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate 12, frutus cnidii
15kg, the ground of kuh-seng 8, the ground of the capsule of weeping forsythia 18, radix scutellariae 5kg, tarragon 9kg, stone-like omphalia 3kg.
The water body after water inlet is processed in described step (2), is after the water inlet of pond, by water body and nutritional agents by 5:
0.8 mass ratio mixing, after placing 1～2d, you can throw in cray seedling；
Described nutritional agents, is to mix urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and fruit syrup by 1.2: 2: 1 mass ratio.
It is described to discharging water after water body process, be by the water body after discharging water from pond, with modifying agent by 1: 0.1 matter
Water after standing 1～2d, is put into river course by amount than mixing；
Described modifying agent, is to mix lime, 2% potassium permanganate, alum by 1: 2: 0.8 mass ratio, you can.
(3) seedling is thrown in：By all cray seedling of buying, in being put into the salt solution that concentration is 2.1%, 1.2h is placed
Afterwards, then in temperature be 25 DEG C, pH value be 8 water body in raise 2～3d, then 8 DEG C will be cooled the temperature to the speed of 0.4 DEG C/h,
It is 6 to adjust pH value, raises 2～3d, chooses individual larger, non-disease carrying germ from the seedling for surviving, and activity can stand strong little
Lobster seedling, is thrown in by the cultivation density of 8～100,000/mu；
(4) feed：Pinpoint in pond in three times daily and throw in feed, each injected volume is 80kg/ mus；
Described feed, is made up of following raw material by weight：Fish meal 15kg, wheat-middlings 10kg, earthworm powder 18kg, shrimp
It is skin powder 12kg, the ground of chicken manure 10, waste mushroom stick 12kg, microalgae extract 6kg, pine needle 12kg, corydalis tuber 4kg, Radix Glycyrrhizae 8kg, compound many
The ground of ore deposit 6, sodium citrate 7kg, zymophyte 2kg.
Described feed, its preparation method is comprised the following steps：
(1) fish meal, wheat-middlings, earthworm powder, shrimp powder, chicken manure and waste mushroom stick are mixed, ultrasonically treated 3min, the regulation that adds water contains
The water yield is 15%, adds zymophyte, is mixed thoroughly, and it is 24 DEG C to adjust indoor temperature, and relative humidity is 55%, and ferment 8h, crushes, mistake
100 mesh sieves；
(2) fresh pine needle, corydalis tuber and Radix Glycyrrhizae are plucked, after cleaning respectively, chopping is beaten with fruit juice mixer, is filtered, and is added
The ethanol of 5 times of amounts of filtrate, backflow extraction 3h, reclaims ethanol, obtains residual solution, and filter residue is dried, and crushes 100 mesh sieves；
(3) material for obtaining step (1), step (2) and microalgae extract, composite polymineral, sodium citrate mixing, 28
Stir-fry 10min at DEG C, by granulator granulation, you can.
Described microalgae extract, after microalgae is collected, goes the removal of impurity, dries pulverizing to add concentration for 1.5mol/L's
Salt acid soak 30min, filters, and it is 10 that addition NaOH adjusts PH, soaks 18min, is filtered, and it is 7～7.5 to be washed to PH, plus
Water, under 90 DEG C of water bath with thermostatic control, stirs 15min, is down to normal temperature, adds 3 times of microalgae quality of acetone, backflow to extract 30min,
Acetone is reclaimed, is filtered, concentrate the filtrate to 1/3.
Embodiment 5
A kind of cultural method of cray, comprises the following steps：
(1) pond is built：Culturing pool pond depth is 1.1～1.4m, using flowing water culture, at culturing pool two ends water inlet is had respectively
And dewatering outlet, escape net is provided with water inlet, dewatering outlet and pond surrounding, per square metre of place has convex at one in pond
Go out the platform of the water surface, surrounding has the catch of a length of 40～60cm for inwardly stretching out in pond, in pond bottom every 2～2.5m
Row's aeration tube is had, water body is changed once per 15～20d, during cultivating, the oxygen content of water body is 3.5mg/L；
(2) water body is processed, including disinfecting to the water body before water inlet, the nutrition to the water body after water inlet process and
Three steps of process of water body after discharging water；
The water body before water inlet is processed in described step (2), the water body of culturing pool derives from river, by water body and sterilization
Agent is mixed by 2: 0.2 mass ratio, after placing 1～2d, is passed through oxygen in water body so that oxygen content of water is 2mg/L；
Described disinfectant, is made up of following raw material by weight：Limewash 25kg, the ground of S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate 12, frutus cnidii
20kg, kuh-seng 8kg, the ground of the capsule of weeping forsythia 12, radix scutellariae 2kg, tarragon 9kg, stone-like omphalia 4kg.
The water body after water inlet is processed in described step (2), is after the water inlet of pond, water body and nutritional agents to be pressed into 5: 1
Mass ratio mixing, place 1～2d after, you can throw in cray seedling；
Described nutritional agents, is to mix urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and fruit syrup by 1: 2: 1.3 mass ratio.
It is described to discharging water after water body process, be by the water body after discharging water from pond, with modifying agent by 1: 0.1 matter
Water after standing 1～2d, is put into river course by amount than mixing；
Described modifying agent, is to mix lime, 1.2% potassium permanganate, alum by 1: 2.5: 0.5 mass ratio, i.e.,
Can.
(3) seedling is thrown in：By all cray seedling of buying, in being put into the salt solution that concentration is 2.1%, 1.2h is placed
Afterwards, then in temperature be 30 DEG C, pH value be 8 water body in raise 2～3d, then 8 DEG C will be cooled the temperature to the speed of 0.3 DEG C/h,
It is 6 to adjust pH value, raises 2～3d, chooses individual larger, non-disease carrying germ from the seedling for surviving, and activity can stand strong little
Lobster seedling, is thrown in by the cultivation density of 8～100,000/mu；
(4) feed：Pinpoint in pond in three times daily and throw in feed, each injected volume is 80kg/ mus；
Described feed, is made up of following raw material by weight：Fish meal 15kg, wheat-middlings 20kg, earthworm powder 12kg, shrimp
It is skin powder 12kg, chicken manure 6kg, waste mushroom stick 12kg, the ground of microalgae extract 6, pine needle 18kg, corydalis tuber 8kg, Radix Glycyrrhizae 12kg, compound many
Ore deposit 3kg, sodium citrate 2kg, zymophyte 3kg.
Described feed, its preparation method is comprised the following steps：
(1) fish meal, wheat-middlings, earthworm powder, shrimp powder, chicken manure and waste mushroom stick are mixed, ultrasonically treated 3min, the regulation that adds water contains
The water yield is 10%, adds zymophyte, is mixed thoroughly, and it is 24 DEG C to adjust indoor temperature, and relative humidity is 50%, and ferment 10h, crushes, mistake
100 mesh sieves；
(2) fresh pine needle, corydalis tuber and Radix Glycyrrhizae are plucked, after cleaning respectively, chopping is beaten with fruit juice mixer, is filtered, and is added
The ethanol of 5 times of amounts of filtrate, backflow extraction 3h, reclaims ethanol, obtains residual solution, and filter residue is dried, and crushes 100 mesh sieves；
(3) material for obtaining step (1), step (2) and microalgae extract, composite polymineral, sodium citrate mixing, 28
Stir-fry 8min at DEG C, by granulator granulation, you can.
Described microalgae extract, after microalgae is collected, goes the removal of impurity, dries pulverizing to add concentration for 1.5mol/L's
Salt acid soak 30min, filters, and it is 10 that addition NaOH adjusts PH, soaks 15min, is filtered, and it is 7 to be washed to PH, is added water, and 80
DEG C water bath with thermostatic control under, stir 15min, be down to normal temperature, add 3 times of microalgae quality of acetone, backflow extraction 35min to reclaim
Acetone, filters, and concentrates the filtrate to 1/3.
Experimental example 1
Cray to being cultivated using the inventive method is counted in the survival rate of growth period, from the beginning of input, is arrived
Section this period is harvested, the survival rate of cray is counted, using traditional cray cultural method as control, experimental group and control
The cray of group is raised by same people, as a result as shown in table 1：
Table 1
Experimental example 2
Using the cray of two groups of cultivation of experimental example 1, the average weight of single cray is counted, as a result such as table
Shown in 2：
Table 2
| Project | Weight/only (g) |
| Experimental group | 65.8 |
| Control group | 52.1 |
Illustrate, the cray of present invention cultivation is compared to the cray that conventional method is cultivated, single average weight gain 26.3%.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of cultural method of cray, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) pond is built：Culturing pool pond depth is 1.1～1.4m, using flowing water culture, has water inlet respectively at culturing pool two ends and puts
The mouth of a river, in water inlet, dewatering outlet and pond surrounding escape net is provided with, and there is protrusion water at one at per square metre of place in pond
The platform in face, in pond, surrounding has the catch of a length of 40～60cm for inwardly stretching out, and has every 2～2.5m in pond bottom
One row's aeration tube, water body is changed once per 15～20d；
(2) water body is processed, and including disinfecting to the water body before water inlet, the nutrition to the water body after water inlet is processed and discharged water
Three steps of process of water body afterwards；
(3) seedling is thrown in：It it is first 25～30 DEG C in temperature by all cray seedling of buying, pH value is 7.5～8 water body
2～3d of middle raising, then 8～12 DEG C will be cooled the temperature to the speed of 0.3～0.4 DEG C/h, it is 6～6.5 to adjust pH value, raises 2
～3d, chooses individual larger, non-disease carrying germ from the seedling for surviving, and activity can stand strong cray seedling, by 8～100,000
The cultivation density of only/mu is thrown in；
(4) feed：Pinpoint in pond in three times daily and throw in feed, each injected volume is 80～120kg/ mus.
2. the cultural method of cray as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step (2) to water inlet before
Water body process, the water body of culturing pool derives from river, and water body and disinfectant are mixed by 2: 0.15～0.2 mass ratio, places 1
After～2d, in water body oxygen is passed through so that oxygen content of water is 2～2.2mg/L；
Described disinfectant, is made up of following raw material by weight：Limewash 20～25, S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate 8～12, frutus cnidii 15
～20, kuh-seng 8～15, the capsule of weeping forsythia 12～18, radix scutellariae 2～5, tarragon 9～16, stone-like omphalia 3～5.
3. the cultural method of cray as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step (2) to water inlet after
Water body process, is after the water inlet of pond, water body and nutritional agents to be mixed by 5: 0.8～1.2 mass ratio, after placing 1～2d, i.e.,
Cray seedling can be thrown in；
Described nutritional agents, is by 0.8～1.2 by urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and fruit syrup: 2: 1～1.5 mass ratio mixing.
4. the cultural method of cray as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that it is described to discharging water after water body process,
It is, by the water body after discharging water from pond, to mix by 1: 0.1～0.12 mass ratio with modifying agent, after standing 1～2d, water is put
Enter river course；
Described modifying agent, be by lime, 1.2～2% potassium permanganate, alum by 1: 2～2.5: 0.5～0.8 mass ratio
Mixing, you can.
5. the cultural method of cray as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that all crays childrens of buying in step (3)
Seedling, also includes all crays are put in the salt solution that concentration is 2.1～2.8%, after placing 1.2～1.5h, then carries out next
The step of step operation.
6. the cultural method of cray as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described feed, by it is following by weight
The raw material composition of meter：Fish meal 15～20, wheat-middlings 10～20, earthworm powder 12～18, shrimp powder 8～12, chicken manure 6～10, waste mushroom stick 8
～12, microalgae extract 6～10, pine needle 12～18, corydalis tuber 4～8, Radix Glycyrrhizae 8～12, composite polymineral 3～6, sodium citrate 2～
7th, zymophyte 2～3.
7. the cultural method of cray as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described feed, its preparation method includes
Following steps：
(1) fish meal, wheat-middlings, earthworm powder, shrimp powder, chicken manure and waste mushroom stick are mixed, ultrasonically treated 3～5min, the regulation that adds water contains
The water yield is 10～15%, adds zymophyte, is mixed thoroughly, and it is 24～27 DEG C to adjust indoor temperature, and relative humidity is 50～55%, fermentation
8～10h, crushes, and crosses 80～100 mesh sieves；
(2) fresh pine needle, corydalis tuber and Radix Glycyrrhizae are plucked, after cleaning respectively, chopping is beaten with fruit juice mixer, is filtered, and adds filtrate
The ethanol of 5 times of amounts, backflow 3～4h of extraction, reclaims ethanol, obtains residual solution, and filter residue is dried, and crushes 80～100 mesh sieves；
(3) material for obtaining step (1), step (2) and microalgae extract, composite polymineral, sodium citrate mixing, 28～30
Stir-fry 8～10min at DEG C, by granulator granulation, you can.
8. the cultural method of cray as claimed in claims 6 or 7, it is characterised in that described microalgae extract, by microalgae
After collection, the removal of impurity, dries pulverizing is gone to add salt 30～35min of acid soak that concentration is 1.5～1.8mol/L, filter, add
It is 10 that NaOH adjusts PH, soaks 15～18min, is filtered, and it is 7～7.5 to be washed to PH, is added water, 80～90 DEG C of thermostatted water
Under bath, 15～20min is stirred, be down to normal temperature, add 3 times of microalgae quality of acetone, backflow 30～35min of extraction to reclaim third
Ketone, filters, and concentrates the filtrate to 1/3.
9. the cultural method of cray as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that during cultivating, by basin bottom
Aeration tube, the oxygen content for adjusting water body is 3.5～4mg/L.
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| CN107646765A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-02-02 | 苏冬发 | The cultural method of cray |
| CN107836388A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-03-27 | 莫玉艳 | A kind of cultural method of lobster |
| CN113854212A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2021-12-31 | 海南归耘田农业科技有限公司 | Directional cultivation method for crayfish seedlings |
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| CN105393956A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-03-16 | 袁生咬 | Aquaculture method for improving meat quality of freshwater crayfishes |
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| CN105393956A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-03-16 | 袁生咬 | Aquaculture method for improving meat quality of freshwater crayfishes |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107646765A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-02-02 | 苏冬发 | The cultural method of cray |
| CN107836388A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-03-27 | 莫玉艳 | A kind of cultural method of lobster |
| CN113854212A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2021-12-31 | 海南归耘田农业科技有限公司 | Directional cultivation method for crayfish seedlings |
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