CN110150195B - Incubation method of litopenaeus vannamei larvae - Google Patents
Incubation method of litopenaeus vannamei larvae Download PDFInfo
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- CN110150195B CN110150195B CN201910247565.2A CN201910247565A CN110150195B CN 110150195 B CN110150195 B CN 110150195B CN 201910247565 A CN201910247565 A CN 201910247565A CN 110150195 B CN110150195 B CN 110150195B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for incubating litopenaeus vannamei larvae, which comprises the following steps: (1) introducing parent shrimps; (2) transporting parent shrimps; (3) sterilizing the parent shrimp culture pond; (4) sterilizing a seedling raising room; (5) overwintering and cultivating parent shrimps; (6) ripening and cultivating parent shrimps; (7) mating is induced; (8) spawning and hatching; (9) hatching fertilized eggs; (10) culturing the larva; (11) controlling the quality of the shrimp larvae; (12) and (5) packaging the shrimp larvae. The method solves the technical problems that the litopenaeus vannamei larvae are very sensitive to the change of environmental conditions and have low survival rate, improves the quality and the yield of the young litopenaeus vannamei, and also improves the success rate of cultivation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for incubating litopenaeus vannamei larvae.
The litopenaeus vannamei has the advantages of strong adaptability, wide salt tolerance, rapid growth, long breeding period, delicious taste and the like. In the field of prawn culture in China, both the culture area and the total yield are the top. However, with the continuous deterioration of the breeding environment, the quality of the shrimp larvae is very sensitive to the change of the environmental conditions, the problems of low survival rate, slow growth, low yield and the like of the shrimps easily occur in the breeding process, and the survival and the development of the litopenaeus vannamei breeding industry are seriously hindered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for incubating litopenaeus vannamei larvae, which solves the technical problems that the litopenaeus vannamei larvae are very sensitive to environmental condition changes and low in survival rate, improves the fry quality and improves the breeding success rate.
The technical problem of the invention is solved by adopting the following technical scheme:
(1) parent shrimp introduction
The parent shrimps which are detected not to carry the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), the nodavirus of the pileup Countryside (CMNV), the Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV), the acute hepatopancreatic necrosis vibrio (Vahpn) and the shrimp Enterocytozoon (EHP) are introduced.
(2) Transportation of
The raincoat bag is used for oxygen-charging and air-transporting, each bag is filled with 13kg of seawater, 5-10 tails of parent shrimps, 17-20 ℃ of water, 28-40 of salinity, ice blocks are added outside the plastic bags, and then the plastic bags are placed in a heat preservation box.
(3) Disinfection of parent shrimp culture pond
Select area 25m2～40m2And the depth is 0.8-1.5 m, and the middle part is used for discharging sewage. Before stocking, the shrimp pond is disinfected by an iodine preparation, and if the shrimps in the parent shrimp pond in the last year have the liver enterocytozoosis, the shrimps need to be soaked in a 2.5 percent NaOH solution for 24 hours.
(4) Sterilization of nursery
And (4) selecting a seedling raising room with the top light transmittance of 60-70% and glass windows at the periphery and equipped with a light-adjusting curtain, and disinfecting by adopting the same disinfection mode as the step (3).
(5) Overwintering cultivation of parent shrimps
Adjusting the temperature of the parent shrimp culture pond to ensure that the temperature difference between the temperature of the parent shrimp entering the pond and the temperature of the transportation water is not more than +/-0.5 ℃, and splashing iodine preparation for disinfection in the whole pond after entering the pond, wherein the density of the parent shrimps is 10 tails/m215 tail/m2And breeding female shrimps and male shrimps in separate pools.
(6) Ripening and cultivation of parent shrimps
The temperature of the parent shrimp culture pond in late ten days of the year 2 is raised, the temperature is raised by 1 to 2 ℃ every day, the constant temperature is not changed after the temperature is raised to 28 ℃, and the culture density is 10 tails/m2Feeding 4 times of baits every day, wherein the feeding time is as follows: 4: 30. 10: 30. 15: 00. 23: 30, the daily feeding amount is 5 to 15 percent of the weight of the shrimps, based on the fact that the parent shrimps slightly remain after eating.
(7) Female shrimp eye-cutting handle
In order to accelerate the gonad development of female shrimps, the method is carried out 7-10 days in advance according to the egg laying time, the unilateral eye handle of the female shrimps is removed (by a tweezer ironing method) to promote the maturity, and after surgical scissors are burnt on an alcohol lamp for disinfection, the eyes are quickly cut off at the eyeball hind handle of the shrimps.
(8) Induction of mating
In the process of ripening and cultivating parent shrimps, the gonad development condition is checked every day, and the ratio of the gonad development condition to the gonad development condition is 8: 00-9: 00 or 15: before 00, selecting female shrimps with mature gonads, and transferring the female shrimps into a male shrimp breeding pool for mating, wherein the ratio of the female shrimps to the male shrimps is 1: 3.
(9) Spawning and hatching
Adding water after the spawning pond is disinfected, wherein the water quality is basically the same as that of the parent shrimp culture pond, the water depth is 0.7-1.2 m, 4mg/L of Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA) is added, the water temperature is controlled at 28-30 ℃, and 1 piece/m of air distribution stone is added2，The illumination intensity is below 50Lx, and the inflation is uniform and microwave-shaped.
Checking mating condition of female shrimp in mating pond before 20:00 every day, taking out mated parent shrimp with fishing net, soaking with 20mg/L povidone iodine for 1min, washing with water in spawning pond, placing into spawning net cage in spawning pond for spawning, wherein the spawning female shrimp density is 4 tails/m26 tail m2Female shrimps not mated were in a 00: and 00, fishing the original female shrimps back and forth to the culture pond for continuous culture.
(10) Fertilized egg hatching
Adding disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 2-10 mg/L into incubation water, heating to 28-30 ℃, maintaining the salinity of 26-33 and dissolved oxygen above 5mg/L, inflating uniformly to form a microwave shape, sucking dirt in time, stirring pool water for 1 time every 1-2 h by using an egg stirrer, and checking the development condition of embryos regularly until fertilized eggs develop into larvae.
(11) Larval culture
Cleaning the larva with clean seawater before entering the pond, and transferring into a seedling pond with proper culture density
The pH, water temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen in the culture pond are measured regularly every day, so that the stability of the pH, water temperature and salinity is ensured, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/L. Changing water every day according to water quality
After the development of nauplii, flea larva and mysid, the young shrimp enters the young shrimp breeding stage, and the young shrimp becomes uniform
And then, discharging the pool to a coarse marking pool for coarse marking.
Shrimp postlarvae labelCultivation density of coarse and young shrimps
After 12-13 days of cultivation, the average specification reaches about 1cm, and the water is changed according to the required temperature and salinity.
(12) Shrimp larvae quality control
The shrimp larvae are controlled to have the body length of not less than 0.8cm, the specification is neat, the body color is normal, the body surface is smooth, strong and strong, the shrimp larvae are high in vitality, the shrimp larvae quickly lie on the bottom or the wall after scooping up, the shrimp larvae do not gather at the bottom of a container, the reaction to stimulation is quick, and the obvious top current phenomenon exists after stirring; the shrimp larvae are detected to be negative by WSSV, CMNV, IHHNV, Vahpn and EHP, and the shrimp larvae are detected to be negative by forbidden drug residues.
(13) Package (I)
The double-layer plastic film bag is used for oxygen filling and sealing packaging, and the specification of the plastic film bag is
Each bag of seawater
Shrimp larvae
And (5) oxygenation. The packaging water is disinfected, the salinity of the packaging water is consistent with that of the seedling raising pond water, and the temperature of the packaging water is properly reduced compared with that of the seedling raising water according to the transport distance
In the technical scheme of the invention, the parent shrimp is selected from SPF vannamei, Litopenaeus vannamei 'Guihai No. 1', Litopenaeus vannamei 'Kehai No. 1', Litopenaeus vannamei 'Zhongxing No. 1', Litopenaeus vannamei 'nonanhai No. 1', Litopenaeus vannamei 'Guangtai No. 1', Litopenaeus vannamei 'Haoxing No. 2', and the like.
According to the technical scheme, in the step 5, the water temperature is 28-30 ℃, the pH value is 8.0-8.3, the salinity is 26-33, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.4mg/L, the dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L, the illumination intensity is 500 Lx-1000 Lx in the daytime, and the illumination intensity is 120 Lx-150 Lx at night.
In the technical scheme of the invention, in the step 6, the bait is selected from icy fresh and live baits which are subjected to WSSV, CMNV, IHHNV, Vahpn, EHP quarantine and disease detection and are negative in drug residue detection, such as shellfish, artemia, squid and clamworm, and the clamworm in the bait accounts for more than 30% of the bait feeding amount, and the shellfish and the squid are used as auxiliary materials; the daily feeding amount is about 5 percent of the weight of the shrimps.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the hatching density of the fertilized eggs in the step 10 is 30 ten thousand eggs/m380 ten thousand grains/m3。
In the technical scheme of the invention, the requirements on water quality in the step 11 are that the water temperature is 28-32 ℃, the pH value is 7.8-8.4, the dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.1mg/L, the nitrite nitrogen is less than 0.05mg/L, the salinity is 26-35, and the shrimps can be desalted after 5 days.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the larvae in the step 11 are selected from nauplii, flea larvae, mysid and shrimp.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the method also comprises the following daily management steps: the daily management comprises cultivation water temperature management, inflation management, illumination intensity management, water quality management, daily detection and larva observation. Wherein the water temperature management control is as follows: the nauplius larva is 29-30 ℃, the flea larva is 29-31 ℃, the mysid is 30.5-32 ℃, the first 8 days of the mysid is 31-32 ℃, and then the temperature is gradually reduced. The air inflation management is to control the air stone
Continuously inflating, wherein the air flow is gradually increased along with the growth of the larva, the air flow is adjusted to the water surface in a slight boiling state in the nauplius larva stage, the flea larva stage is in a weak boiling state, the mysid stage is in a boiling state, and the mysid stage is in a strong boiling state. The light intensity is controlled below 500Lx for nauplii and flea larvae
Mysidacea
Young shrimp
The water quality management comprises the steps of measuring the pH, the water temperature, the salinity and the dissolved oxygen in the culture pond at regular time every day. Adding water to the flea larvae stage every day
Adding water every day in mysid stage
Making shrimp grow uniformly in larval
Adding fresh water every day according to water quality
Daily detection include each microscopic examination once every morning and afternoon of every day and breed the kind and the quantity of plankton in the pond, observe the vitality of larva, stomach fullness and the abnormal condition of development simultaneously, morning and afternoon sample count every day estimates the larva quantity, is convenient for master the quantity change and the survival rate of each stage of larva. The larva is observed as the normal metamorphosis development time of the larva: nauplius stage
Flea larvae
Mysidacea
The young shrimp is one period every day, and 4-5 days of young shrimp can be taken out of the pondThe larval shrimps with the standard thickness of 12-13 days can be moved to an outdoor pond for culture.
Detailed Description
1 Litopenaeus vannamei artificial propagation high-quality shrimp larva target
The shrimp larvae do not carry white spot virus (WSSV), Covernetura virus (CMNV), Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV), Vibrio hepato-pancreatic necrosis (Vahpn), and shrimp Enterocytozoon (EHP); negative detection of forbidden drug residues.
The shrimp larvae are not stressed by the environment and medicines during the process of raising the seedlings.
2 Artificial breeding facility
Is arranged in an industrial indoor seedling raising workshop and is provided with water treatment facilities for sea and fresh water allocation, heating and the like.
2.1 parent shrimp rearing room
Can adjust light, keep warm and ventilate.
2.1.1 parent shrimp culture pond
Area 25m2～40m2And the depth is 0.8-1.5 m, and the middle part is used for discharging sewage. Before stocking, the shrimp pond is disinfected by an iodine preparation, and the shrimps in the parent shrimp pond are soaked for 24 hours by 2.5 percent NaOH solution as the shrimps in the parent shrimp pond in the previous year have the enterozoonosis.
2.2 spawning and hatching ponds
Built in a parent shrimp breeding room, the water body is 10m3Pool-30 m3The depth of the pond is 1.2m to 1.6m, and the area of the outside of the pond is 1.5m2～2.0m2The bottom of the water tank is 50 cm-80 cm lower than the drain hole.
2.3 seedling raising room
The light transmittance of the top is 60-70%, and the periphery of the top is provided with a glass window which is provided with a light-adjusting curtain.
2.3.1 Pond of growing seedlings
Seedling culture water body 15m3Pool-30 m3The depth of the pool is 1.3-1.5 m. The outer aperture of the drain hole at the bottom of the tank is more than 0.1 m.
The breeding pond is thoroughly cleaned and disinfected before use, and the disinfection medicine is the same as the parent shrimp pond.
The net and vessel used for breeding are dedicated for the pond, and are soaked and disinfected by potassium permanganate or formaldehyde, and the breeding workshop passage and the operation table are washed every day.
3 introduction of parent shrimps
3.1 variety selection
SPF vannamei, litopenaeus vannamei "guihai No. 1", litopenaeus vannamei "kohai No. 1", litopenaeus vannamei "zhongxing No. 1", litopenaeus vannamei "nonanhai No. 1", litopenaeus vannamei "guantai No. 1", litopenaeus vannamei "haixing No. 2", and the like.
3.2 quarantine and disease detection
And (3) carrying out WSSV, CMNV, IHHNV, Vahpn, EHP quarantine and disease detection on parent shrimps, wherein the parent shrimps are negative and can be introduced.
3.3 requirements for parent shrimp
The parent shrimp has smooth body surface, no parasite, health, no damage, no deformity, and clean gill part. The male-female ratio is 1: 1.5-1: 3. before overwintering (11 months early), the weight of female shrimp individuals is more than 32g, and the weight of male shrimp individuals is more than 28 g; after overwintering (from the bottom of 2 months to the beginning of 3 months), the weight of the female shrimp individual is more than 40g, and the body length is more than 160 mm; the weight of the male shrimp is more than 36g, and the body length is more than 150 mm.
3.4 transport
The raincoat bag is used for oxygen-filling packaging and air transportation, each bag is filled with about 13kg of seawater, about 5-10 tails of parent shrimps, the water temperature is 17-20 ℃, the salinity is 28-40, ice blocks are added outside the plastic bag, and then the plastic bag is placed in a heat preservation box.
Overwintering cultivation of 4 parent shrimps
4.1 parent shrimp into the pond
The temperature difference of the water temperature transportation of the parent shrimps in the pond is not more than +/-0.5 ℃. And (5) spraying iodine preparation for disinfection after the water enters the pool. The density of the overwintering cultured parent shrimps is 10 tails/m215 tail/m2And female and male shrimps are separately cultured.
4.2 Water quality Environment
The water temperature is 28-30 ℃, the pH value is 8.0-8.3, the salinity is 26-33, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.4mg/L, the dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L, the illumination intensity is 500 Lx-1000 Lx in the daytime and 120 Lx-150 Lx at night.
4.3 bait
The frozen fresh and live baits, such as shellfish, artemia, squid, clamworm and the like, are subjected to WSSV, CMNV, IHHNV, Vahpn, EHP quarantine and disease detection, and are negative in forbidden drug residue detection, can be purchased in a prescription, and are disinfected by povidone iodine before feeding. And (5) feeding the artificial compound pellet feed properly. The daily feeding amount is about 5 percent of the weight of the shrimps.
5 parent shrimp ripening cultivation
The temperature starts to rise about ten days in the middle of 2 months of the year, the temperature rises by 1-2 ℃ daily, and the constant temperature is constant after the temperature reaches 28 ℃. Cultivation density of 10 tails/m2. The clamworm accounts for more than 30% of the bait feeding amount in the bait, the shellfish and the squid are taken as auxiliary materials, the feeding is carried out for 4 times every day, and the feeding time is as follows: 4: 30. 10: 30. 15: 00. 23: 30, the daily feeding amount is 15 to 25 percent of the weight of the shrimps, based on the fact that the parent shrimps slightly remain after eating.
6 female shrimp eye-cutting handle
In order to accelerate the gonad development of female shrimps, the method is carried out 7-10 days in advance according to the egg laying time, the unilateral eye handle of the female shrimps is removed (by a tweezer ironing method) to promote the maturity, and after surgical scissors are burnt on an alcohol lamp for disinfection, the eyes are quickly cut off at the eyeball hind handle of the shrimps.
7 induced mating
In the process of ripening and cultivating parent shrimps, the gonad development condition is checked every day, and the ratio of the gonad development condition to the gonad development condition is 8: 00-9: 00 or 15: before 00, selecting female shrimps with mature gonads, and transferring the female shrimps into a male shrimp breeding pool for mating, wherein the ratio of the female shrimps to the male shrimps is 1: 3.
8 spawning and hatching
Adding water after the spawning pond is disinfected, wherein the water quality is basically the same as that of the parent shrimp culture pond, the water depth is 0.7-1.2 m, adding 4mg/L of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, controlling the water temperature at 28-30 ℃, and distributing 1 piece of air stone/m2. The illumination intensity is below 50Lx, and the inflation is uniform and microwave-shaped.
Checking mating condition of female shrimp in mating pond before 20:00 every day, taking out parent shrimp to be mated with fishing net, soaking with 20mg/L povidone iodine for 1min, washing with water in spawning pond, placing into spawning net cage in spawning pond for spawning, wherein the spawning female shrimp density is 4 tails/m26 tails/m2. Females without mating were in a 00: and 00, fishing the original female shrimps back and forth to the culture pond for continuous culture.
9 spawning and hatching
The next morning, the parent shrimps which have spawned are fished out to the female shrimp culture pond for re-culture. And (4) removing the dirt in the spawning pond, and washing the fertilized eggs by seawater with the same salinity as the isothermal temperature. If the fertilized eggs are infected by virus, the fertilized eggs are disinfected, the fertilized eggs are rinsed by physiological saline before disinfection, the mucus of the eggs is removed, and the fertilized eggs are soaked in organic iodine of 20mg/L for 10min to 20 min.
9.1 incubation Density
30 ten thousand grains/m380 ten thousand grains/m3And changing water to wash eggs, wherein the water change amount is more than 3/4.
9.2 incubation management
Adding disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 2 mg/L-10 mg/L into the incubation water, heating the incubation water to 28-30 ℃, ensuring the salinity to be 26-33 and the dissolved oxygen to be more than 5mg/L, and inflating the incubation water uniformly to form a microwave shape. Timely dirt absorption, stirring the pool water for 1 time by an egg stirrer every 1-2 h, and checking the development condition of the embryo at regular time.
9.3 nauplii Collection
The water level of the pool is reduced by a drainer (or a water changing net) with the aperture of 75 mu m, and when the water level is reduced to 0.5m, the water is directly drained to a collecting box with the aperture of 75 mu m. The nauplii can be continuously cultivated or sold, the sold nauplii are packaged by adopting plastic bags through oxygenation, each bag has 100-300 ten thousand tails, and the nauplii are packaged by adding a heat-insulating foam box.
10 larval rearing
10.1 Water quality requirement
The water temperature is 28-32 ℃, the pH value is 7.8-8.4, the dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.1mg/L, the nitrite nitrogen is less than 0.05mg/L, the salinity is 26-35, and the shrimps can be desalted after 5 days.
10.2 nauplii enter the tank
Cleaning with clean seawater before entering the pond, and transferring into a seedling raising pond with proper culture density
10.3 bait feeding
10.3.1 general requirements
And (3) carrying out WSSV, CMNV, IHHNV, Vahpn and EHP disease detection on the iced fresh or live baits, and purchasing and feeding the baits which are forbidden to be used for detecting the essential drug residues and are negative.
10.3.2 flea larvae
Unicellular algae (one or more of Chaetoceros, Alternaria, Skeletonema, Isochrysis, etc.) fed in combination
A density of
Compound feed
Feeding amount
Sieving before feeding, wherein the mesh diameter of the bolting silk is 58 μm in flea-like I stage, 75 μm in flea-like II stage and flea-like III stage respectively.
10.3.3 Mysidacea
Artemia nauplii
1 day
The artemia nauplii can be killed by hot water or frozen to death in the early stage; compound feed for feeding
The amount of feed is suitable for each time
Sieving before feeding, wherein the mesh size is 106 μm.
10.3.4 shrimp larva
Artemia nauplii
Daily life
Feeding the mixed bait every day
Feeding amount
Sieving before feeding, wherein the mesh size of the bolting silk is gradually changed from 120 μm, 150 μm and 180 μm.
10.4 daily management
10.4.1 temperature of cultivation Water
29-30 ℃ for the nauplii; 29-31 ℃ for flea larvae; 30.5-32 ℃ of mysidacea; 31-32 ℃ before 8 days of the young shrimps, and then gradually reducing the temperature.
10.4.2 aeration
Air stone
Continuously inflating, wherein the air flow is gradually increased along with the growth of the larva, the air flow is adjusted to the water surface in a slight boiling state in the nauplius larva stage, the flea larva stage is in a weak boiling state, the mysid stage is in a boiling state, and the mysid stage is in a strong boiling state.
10.4.3 light intensity
Nauplii less than 500 Lx; flea larvae
Mysidacea
Young shrimp
10.4.4 Water quality management
The pH, water temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen in the culture pond are measured at regular intervals every day, and water is added into the culture pond every day at the flea larva stage
Adding into Mysidacea every dayWater (W)
Making shrimp grow uniformly in larval
Then changing water every day according to water quality
10.4.5 daily assays
And performing microscopic examination on the type and the quantity of planktons in the culture pond once every morning and afternoon, and observing the vitality, the stomach fullness and the development and metamorphosis of the larva.
Sampling and counting in the morning and afternoon every day, estimating the number of the larvae, and facilitating the grasping of the number change and survival rate of the larvae in each period.
10.4.6 juvenile observation
Normal metamorphosis development time of the larva: nauplius stage
Flea larvae
Mysidacea
The young shrimps are grown in one period every day, the young shrimps in 4-5 days can be taken out of the pond for thickening, and the young shrimps with the thickening time of 12-13 days can be moved to an outdoor pond for culture.
When the young is well fed, the stomach and intestine are full of food, and the intestinal peristalsis is powerful. Flea larvae defecate with length about body length
Healthy larvae normally move, have good vitality and strong phototaxis, the stomach and intestine are full of food, no adhesive substances are on the body surface, the appendages are complete and have no deformity, the body color is transparent, no white turbidity exists, no reddening occurs, the color is clear, and the muscles are full.
11 shrimp larvae quality requirement
The shrimp larvae are not less than 0.8cm in body length, regular in specification, normal in body color, smooth and bright in body surface, strong and strong in vitality, quickly lie on the bottom or lie prone after scooping up, do not gather at the bottom of the container, quickly react to stimulation, and have an obvious top flow phenomenon after stirring. WSSV, CMNV, IHHNV, Vahpn, EHP quarantine and disease detection, and negative drug residue detection is forbidden.
12 packaging and transporting
12.1 packaging
Packaging with double-layer plastic film bag. The specification of the plastic film bag is 0.45m multiplied by 0.18m, and each bag is filled with seawater
Shrimp larvae
And (5) oxygenation. The packaging water is disinfected, the salinity of the packaging water is consistent with that of the seedling raising pond water, and the temperature of the packaging water is properly reduced compared with that of the seedling raising water according to the transport distance
12.2 transport
The seedling conveying vehicle is provided with a closed compartment and is controlled by the temperature
The destination is reached within 6h to 8 h.
It should be noted that the exemplary embodiments of the present invention are only used for illustrating and explaining the technical solutions of the present invention, but do not limit the technical solutions of the present invention, and any extensions and extensions made in the embodiments of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for incubating litopenaeus vannamei larvae is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) parent shrimp introduction
Introducing parent shrimps which are detected not to carry the white spot syndrome virus, the nodavirus of the pileup nodavirus, the infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus of the shrimps, the vibrio necrotizing acute hepatopancreas or the enterocytozoon of the shrimps;
(2) transportation of
Packing the fresh shrimps by raincoat bags in an aerated mode for air transportation, wherein each bag is filled with 13kg of seawater, 5-10 tails of parent shrimps, 17-20 ℃ of water, 28-40 ℃ of salinity, and ice blocks are added outside the plastic bags and then placed in a heat preservation box;
(3) disinfection of parent shrimp culture pond
Select area 25m2～40m2The depth of the pond is 0.8-1.5 m, a cement pond for discharging sewage is arranged in the middle, the shrimp pond is disinfected by an iodine preparation before stocking, and if the shrimps in the parent shrimp pond in the last year have the liver enterocytozoosis of the shrimps, 2.5 percent NaOH solution is used for soaking for 24 hours;
(4) sterilization of nursery
Selecting a seedling raising room with the top light transmittance of 60-70 percent and the periphery provided with a light-adjusting curtain, and disinfecting by adopting the same disinfection method as the step (3);
(5) overwintering cultivation of parent shrimps
Adjusting the temperature of the parent shrimp culture pond to ensure that the temperature difference between the temperature of the parent shrimp entering the pond and the temperature of the transportation water is not more than +/-0.5 ℃, and splashing iodine preparation for disinfection in the whole pond after entering the pond, wherein the density of the parent shrimps is 10 tails/m215 tail/m2Breeding female shrimps or male shrimps in separate pools;
(6) ripening and cultivation of parent shrimps
The temperature of the parent shrimp culture pond in late ten days of the year 2 is raised, the temperature is raised by 1 to 2 ℃ every day, the constant temperature is not changed after the temperature is raised to 28 ℃, and the culture density is 10 tails/m2Feeding 4 times of baits every day, wherein the feeding time is as follows: 4: 30. 10: 30. 15: 00. 23: 30, the daily feeding amount is 5 to 15 percent of the weight of the shrimps, based on the slight residue of the parent shrimps after eating;
(7) female shrimp eye-cutting handle
In order to accelerate the gonad development of female shrimps, the method is carried out 7-10 days in advance according to the spawning time, the unilateral eye handles of the female shrimps are removed by a tweezer ironing method to promote the maturity, and after surgical scissors are burnt on an alcohol lamp for disinfection, the eyes are quickly cut off at the eyeball hind handles of the shrimps;
(8) induction of mating
In the process of ripening and cultivating parent shrimps, the gonad development condition is checked every day, and the ratio of the gonad development condition to the gonad development condition is 8: 00-9: 00 or 15: before 00, selecting female shrimps with mature gonads, and transferring the female shrimps into a male shrimp breeding pool for mating, wherein the ratio of the female shrimps to the male shrimps is 1: 3;
(9) spawning and hatching
Adding water after the spawning pond is disinfected, wherein the water quality is basically the same as that of the parent shrimp culture pond, the water depth is 0.7-1.2 m, adding 4mg/L of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, controlling the water temperature at 28-30 ℃, and distributing 1 piece of air stone/m2The illumination intensity is below 50Lx, and the inflation is uniform and microwave-shaped;
checking mating condition of female shrimp in mating pond before 20:00 every day, taking out mated parent shrimp with fishing net, soaking with 20mg/L povidone iodine for 1min, washing with water in spawning pond, placing into spawning net cage in spawning pond for spawning, wherein the spawning female shrimp density is 4 tails/m26 tails/m2Female shrimps not mated were in a 00: 00, fishing the original female shrimps back and forth to the culture pond for continuous culture;
(10) fertilized egg hatching
Adding disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 2 mg/L-10 mg/L into incubation water, heating to 28-30 ℃, maintaining the salinity of 26-33 and dissolved oxygen above 5mg/L, inflating uniformly into a microwave shape, absorbing dirt in time, stirring pool water for 1 time by an egg stirrer every 1-2 hours, and checking the development condition of embryos regularly until fertilized eggs develop into larvae;
(11) larval culture
Cleaning larva with clean seawater before entering pond, and transferring into seedling pond with culture density of 15 × 104Tail/m3 
30×104Tail/m3Regularly measuring the pH, water temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen in the culture pond every day to ensure that the pH, water temperature and salinity are stable, wherein the dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/L; changing water 10% per day according to water quality
20 percent; after the development of the nauplii, the flea larvae or the mysidacea, the young shrimps enter a young shrimp larva breeding stage, and the young shrimps are aligned for 4d
After 5d, discharging the pond to a coarse marking pond for coarse marking;
the shrimp fries are thick, and the breeding density of the young shrimps is 8 multiplied by 104Tail/m3 
10×104Tail/m3After 12-13 days of cultivation, the average specification reaches about 1cm, and the water is changed according to the required temperature and salinity;
(12) shrimp larvae quality control
The shrimp larvae are controlled to have the body length of not less than 0.8cm, the specification is neat, the body color is normal, the body surface is smooth, strong and strong, the shrimp larvae are high in vitality, the shrimp larvae quickly lie on the bottom or the wall after scooping up, the shrimp larvae do not gather at the bottom of a container, the reaction to stimulation is quick, and the obvious top current phenomenon exists after stirring; the shrimp larvae are detected to be negative by the white spot syndrome virus, the nodavirus pilferi, the infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus, the acute hepatopancreas necrosis vibrio or the shrimp liver enterocytozoon, and the forbidden drug residue is detected to be negative;
(13) package (I)
Packaging with double-layer plastic film bag of 0.45 × 0.18m and 2L seawater per bag
3L, 5000 tails of shrimp larvae
8000 tail, oxygenating; the packaging water is disinfected, the salinity of the packaging water is consistent with that of the water in the seedling raising pool, and the temperature of the packaging water is properly reduced by 3 ℃ compared with that of the seedling raising water according to the transportation distance
5℃。
2. The method for incubating litopenaeus vannamei larvae according to claim 1, wherein the parent shrimp is litopenaeus vannamei.
3. The method for incubating litopenaeus vannamei larvae according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the water temperature is 28-30 ℃, the pH value is 8.0-8.3, the salinity is 26-33, the ammonia nitrogen content is less than 0.4mg/L, the dissolved oxygen content is more than 5mg/L, the illumination intensity in the daytime is 500 lx-1000 lx, and the illumination intensity at night is 120 lx-150 lx.
4. The method for incubating litopenaeus vannamei larvae according to claim 1, wherein in the step 6, the bait is selected from fresh and alive baits which are negative in the detection of white spot syndrome virus, nodavirus, infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus, acute hepatopancreas necrotic vibrio or enterocytozoon of shrimps and are negative in the detection of forbidden drug residues.
5. The method for incubating the larvae of litopenaeus vannamei as claimed in claim 4, wherein the bait is shellfish, artemia, squid or clamworm, the clamworm in the bait accounts for more than 30% of the bait feeding amount, the shellfish and the squid are used as auxiliary materials, and the daily feeding amount is about 5-15% of the weight of the shrimp.
6. The method for incubating litopenaeus vannamei larvae according to claim 1, wherein the hatching density of the fertilized eggs in the step 10 is 30 ten thousand/m380 ten thousand grains/m3。
7. The method for incubating litopenaeus vannamei larvae according to claim 1, wherein the water quality in the step 11 is required to be water temperature of 28-32 ℃, pH of 7.8-8.4, dissolved oxygen of more than 5mg/L, ammonia nitrogen of less than 0.1mg/L, nitrite nitrogen of less than 0.05mg/L, salinity of 26-35, and desalination of the litopenaeus vannamei larvae after 4 days.
8. The method for incubating litopenaeus vannamei larvae according to claim 1, wherein the larvae in step 11 are nauplii, flea larvae, mysidacea or shrimp.
9. The method for incubating litopenaeus vannamei larvae according to claim 1, further comprising the step of daily management, wherein the daily management comprises cultivation water temperature management, aeration management, illumination intensity management, water quality management, daily detection and larva observation, and the water temperature management is controlled as follows: 29-30 ℃ of nauplius larva, 29-31 ℃ of flea larva, 30.5-32 ℃ of mysid, 31-32 ℃ of 8 days before the young shrimp, and then gradually cooling, wherein the air inflation management is to control 4/m of air stone3 
5 pieces/m3Continuously inflating, gradually increasing gas flow along with the growth of the larva, adjusting gas flow to the water surface in a micro-boiling state in an nauplius larva stage, adjusting gas flow to a weak-boiling state in a flea larva stage, a boiling state in a mysorethorn stage and a strong-boiling state in a larval stage, and controlling the illumination intensity to be below 500lX for the nauplius larva and 200lX for the flea larva
1000Lx, mysid 200Lx
2000Lx, shrimp 2000Lx
20000Lx, the water quality management comprises the steps of measuring pH, water temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen in the culture pond at regular time every day, and adding 3cm of water every day in the flea larva stage
5cm, adding water 5cm per day in Mysidacea stage
10cm, 2d of shrimp grown up in larvae
After 3d, according to the water qualityThe fresh water is added 10% per day
20%, daily measuring including each microscopic examination of morning and afternoon every day and the kind and the quantity of plankton in the pond of cultivating, observe the vitality of larva, stomach fullness and the abnormal condition of development simultaneously, morning and afternoon sample count every day estimates the larva quantity, is convenient for master the quantity change and the survival rate of each stage of larva, the larva observe for the normal abnormal development time of larva: nauplius larva stage 30h
40h, flea larva 3.5d
4.5d, mysorethorn 3d
4d, the young shrimps are in one period every day, the young shrimps in 4-5 days can be taken out of the pond for thickening, and the young shrimps with the thickening time of 12-13 days can be moved to an outdoor pond for culture.
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