CN112913742A - Method for cultivating green food prawn fertilized eggs - Google Patents
Method for cultivating green food prawn fertilized eggs Download PDFInfo
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- CN112913742A CN112913742A CN202110175446.8A CN202110175446A CN112913742A CN 112913742 A CN112913742 A CN 112913742A CN 202110175446 A CN202110175446 A CN 202110175446A CN 112913742 A CN112913742 A CN 112913742A
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- shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
A method for cultivating green food prawn fertilized eggs comprises the following steps: the method improves the output of green food prawn fertilized eggs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to aquaculture, in particular to a method for cultivating green food prawn fertilized eggs.
Background
China is a big south America white shrimp breeding country, starts to become an important breed for breeding the shrimps in China in 1999, rapidly develops in the three provinces in south, and has become a shrimp breeding breed which is generally popularized in China and has the top yield up to now; the method has the advantages that while the production is developed at a high speed, serious problems of uneven seedling quality, virus carrying, slow growth and the like occur, and the sustainable development of the penaeus vannamei boone breeding industry in China is directly threatened; since 2017, the cultivation success rate of southern Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other provinces is reduced sharply, and the cultivation of northern Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin and other provinces in a salt pan special ecological system in the cities of Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin and other provinces is raised regardless of cultivation area, yield, success rate and product quality; the area of the salt pan in the east coastal region of China is 505.5 ten thousand mu, which is far larger than the area of 195 ten thousand mu of the seawater culture pond in China; the salinity of the original group of the penaeus vannamei boone is 10-25 per mill optimally, and the salinity of a special ecosystem of a salt pan is only about 10 percent of 25-30 per mill; the salinity is 30-50 per mill and 50-60 percent, and the salinity is 50-65 per mill and about 30 percent; in addition, the area of the general pond of the salt pan is large and varies from hundreds of mu to thousands of mu, and the water level is only 60-70 cm; the growth period in the north is short; the southern small-area pond culture technology is difficult to copy to a special ecosystem of a salt pan; how to improve the culture area and the yield of the penaeus vannamei boone in the special ecosystem of the salt pan by using the culture mode of the special ecosystem of the salt pan is the problem existing at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for cultivating green food prawn fertilized eggs, which comprises the following steps
1. A conversion period:
the culture of the penaeus vannamei boone is used as closed water area culture. The primary brine evaporation pond of the seawater salt field which is not cultured originally is transformed.
2. Parallel production:
all fertilized egg production is performed according to green food standards, and conventional breeding is not allowed in the breeding farm.
3. And (3) introducing and controlling the breeding shrimps:
the introduced seed shrimps should be green food seed shrimps.
4. Site selection of the farm:
a) the natural water area beside the water surface of the culture base can not be polluted, and the water quality conforms to the NY/T391 regulations. The aquatic ecology around the farm is balanced with the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems around the farm, which is helpful to keep the biodiversity of the water area
b) The culture area is isolated from the outside by adopting a dam, a production road and a large drainage channel, and is favorable for checking the water quality production environment.
5. The cultivation water quality requirement is as follows:
the water quality must meet the requirements of NY/T391 fishery water quality standard.
6. Providing bait:
the green food of the invention is used for breeding, strengthening and removing the juvenile prawn (egg) and assisting in feeding the green food identification compound feed.
7. And (3) screening seed shrimps, and when the seed shrimps are cultured for 120-130 days, using a 1.7-1.8 cm-mesh labyrinth or a caged ground to begin to harvest the shrimps of more than 30 g, wherein the appearance morphological characteristics of the penaeus vannamei Boone specified by SC 2055-2006 are met. The body surface is smooth and clean, no attachments or deformities exist, the skull, the sternum, the appendages and the tail fan are intact and have no damage, and the frontal angle is intact and has no fracture; has no symptoms of red limbs, gill rot, tail rot, etc. The swimming aid is sensitive to external stimulation, struggles and struggles in hands, moves normally, and positively creeps on the water bottom and does not lie on the side when not moving. The ratio of frontal angle length (mm) to skull length (mm) should be less than 0.60.
8. And (3) intensive breeding of the breeding shrimps: and transferring the breeding shrimps indoors, enabling the breeding salinity to be +/-1% of that of the external pond, stabilizing for 2-3 days, and then changing water by 5-10% every day by using 28-33% of normal seawater. Natural seawater is subjected to precipitation, 5-10 PPM effective chlorine disinfection and aeration. And pumping water into a water storage tank of the workshop for secondary aeration when the residual chlorine is 0.2-0.3 PPM, and neutralizing the residual chlorine by using sodium thiosulfate after 4 hours. Before use, the filter is filtered by a polyester filter bag with the filtering precision of 10 mu m.
Air stones are arranged along the edge of the indoor cultivation pool at intervals of 50-80 cm, chlorine-containing disinfectants are used for soaking for 1d (15 mg/L of available chlorine), the indoor cultivation pool is cleaned, then potassium permanganate is used for disinfecting at an amount of 50-100 mg/L, and the indoor cultivation pool is washed clean by fresh water.
The male and female are cultivated in separate pools, and the cultivation density is preferably 10 per square meter to 15 per square meter. After cutting off the eye stems on one side of the female shrimps, gradually raising the temperature at the amplitude of 1 ℃/d, and finally controlling the water temperature to be 27-30 ℃; the water quality index requirement is as follows: pH8.0-8.3, total ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.6 mg/L, and dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/L; the illumination intensity is 500 lx-l 000lx, so that direct light is avoided; the gas is slightly boiled. Fresh and live baits such as clamworms, oysters, squids, cuttlefishes and the like are alternately fed in the gonad ripening stage of the parent shrimps, the daily feeding amount is 10-25% of the weight of the parent shrimps, wherein the clamworms account for more than 30% and 3 times/d-5 times/d, the water depth of a breeding pond is kept between 50cm and 60 cm, the female shrimps start to absorb dirt and change water after cutting off the unilateral eyestalk for 2 days, the water change amount is 80-120% daily, and the temperature difference between the added fresh water and the original pond water is not more than 0.5 ℃.
After the parent shrimps are matured and cultured for 4-7 days, the gonad development conditions of the parent shrimps are checked every day. The female shrimps with mature gonads have full and orange red ovaries from the back side, and the anterior lobes extend to the stomach area and are in a V shape. And (4) selecting female shrimps with mature gonads every 8: 00-9: 00, transferring the female shrimps into a male shrimp culture pond, and enabling the female shrimps to mate by themselves. The illumination intensity in the daytime is 500-1000 Lx. And (4) starting a fluorescent lamp above the mating pool at night, and keeping the illumination intensity at 200-300 Lx.
The spawning pond is strictly disinfected by disinfectants such as bleaching powder, potassium permanganate or formalin and the like, and is flushed by clean seawater, and then the seawater is injected for 1.0-1.3 m. Adding disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (disodium EDTA) to ensure that the concentration of the disodium EDTA in water is 2 multiplied by 10 < -6 > to 5 multiplied by 10 < -6 >; the water temperature is 28-30 ℃; the illumination intensity is below 50Lx, the air stone is 1/m 2, and the air is slightly inflated; and keeping quiet.
And (3) checking the male and female mating conditions in the mating pool twice at about 20:00 and 23:00 every day, and lightly fishing out the mated female shrimps by using a fishing net and placing the shrimps into a spawning pool with the density of 4-6 tails/m 2. Taking out the female shrimps which are not copulated before and after the next day of 00:00, and putting the female shrimps into the original breeding pond.
After spawning, the female shrimps should be timely fished out and put back to the original culture pond, and dirt in the spawning pond is removed.
The hatching density of the fertilized eggs is 30 multiplied by 104 to 80 multiplied by 104 grains/m 2
Air stone 1/m 2 in the hatching pond, and water is aerated to be in a microwave shape.
The incubation water temperature of the fertilized eggs is kept at 28-30 ℃, the fertilized eggs are pushed once per hour, and the eggs with the bottom sinking are gently turned. In the hatching process, dirt is fished out by using a net in time, and the development condition of the embryo is checked. The incubation time is 12-13 hours.
After the nauplii are completely hatched, the water level of the hatching pond is drained to 50-60 cm by using a drainer wrapped by a 200-mesh bolting silk net, the nauplii are collected in a nauplii collecting tank by using a 200-mesh bolting silk net cage, dirt is removed, the nauplii are moved into a 500L glass steel barrel, and micro-inflation is carried out.
The aeration quantity is increased before sampling, after the nauplii are uniformly distributed, 2 cups of water samples are randomly taken by a 50mL sampling cup for counting, and the number of the nauplii is calculated according to the following formula.
Total number of larvae = number of larvae sampled × 104 tails
The young children are qualified by quarantine of quarantine departments and can be sold or used as healthy young children without Specific Pathogen (SPF).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. pumping water into the culture pond for secondary aeration, and taking residual chlorine into the culture pond to prevent the infection of vibrio such as pipeline equipment.
2. The introduced seed shrimp is green food prawn.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for cultivating green food prawn fertilized eggs comprises the following steps:
(1) modification: the primary brine evaporation pond of the seawater salt field which is not cultured originally is transformed into a reservoir of a seedling field, the water storage time is 12 months per year and the water temperature is 0 ℃;
(2) parallel production: all shrimps are carried out according to the green standard, and the conventional culture is not allowed in a farm;
(3) and (3) introducing and controlling the breeding shrimps: the introduced seed shrimps are green food seed shrimps;
(4) screening of breeding shrimps: when the shrimps are cultured for 120-130 days, using a ground cage with a mesh of 1.7-1.8 cm to harvest more than 30 grams of shrimps, and meeting the appearance morphological characteristics of the penaeus vannamei specified by SC 2055-2006;
(5) and (3) intensive breeding of the breeding shrimps: culturing the male and female in separate pools, wherein the culture density is 10 per square meter to 15 per square meter; after cutting off the eye stems on one side of the female shrimps, gradually raising the temperature at the amplitude of 1 ℃/d, and finally controlling the water temperature to be 27-30 ℃; the water quality index requirement is as follows: pH8.0-8.3, total ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.6 mg/L, and dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/L; the illumination intensity is 500 lx-l 000lx, so that direct light is avoided; the gas is inflated to be in a micro-boiling state; after the unilaterally eyestalk of the female shrimp is cut off for 2 days, sewage suction and water change are started, wherein the sewage suction and the water change are carried out for 1 time/d-2 times/d, and the daily water change amount is 80% -120%; after the parent shrimps are matured and cultivated for 4-7 days, checking the gonad development condition of the parent shrimps every day, wherein the female shrimps with mature gonads are full and orange from the back, and the front leaves extend to the stomach area and are slightly V-shaped; selecting female shrimps with mature gonads at 8: 00-9: 00 every day, transferring the female shrimps into a male shrimp culture pond to allow the female shrimps to mate by themselves, wherein the illumination intensity in the daytime is 500-1000 Lx, and a fluorescent lamp above the mating pond is turned on at night, and the illumination intensity is kept at 200-300 Lx;
(6) after spawning, fishing out the female shrimps in time and putting the female shrimps back to the original culture pond to remove dirt in the spawning pond; hatching density of fertilized eggs is 30 multiplied by 104-80 multiplied by 104 particles/m 2, aeroliths in a hatching pool are 1/m 2, and water is inflated to be in a microwave shape; keeping the hatching water temperature of fertilized eggs at 28-30 ℃, pushing eggs once per hour, slightly turning over the eggs with the bottom sunk, fishing out dirt in time in the hatching process by using a net, checking the development condition of embryos, and hatching for 12-13 hours; after the nauplii are completely incubated, draining the water level of an incubation pool to 50-60 cm by using a drainer wrapped by a 200-mesh bolting silk net, collecting the nauplii in a nauplii collecting tank by using a 200-mesh bolting silk net cage, removing dirt, transferring into a 500L glass steel barrel, and slightly inflating; the product is qualified by quarantine of quarantine departments and can be sold or used for healthy larvae without specific pathogen.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications of the structures, features and principles described in the claims of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for cultivating green food prawn fertilized eggs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) modification: the primary brine evaporation pond of the seawater salt field which is not cultured originally is transformed into a reservoir of a seedling field, the water storage time is 12 months per year and the water temperature is 0 ℃;
(2) parallel production: all shrimps are carried out according to the green standard, and the conventional culture is not allowed in a farm;
(3) and (3) introducing and controlling the breeding shrimps: the introduced seed shrimps are green food seed shrimps;
(4) screening of breeding shrimps: when the shrimps are cultured for 120-130 days, using a ground cage with a mesh of 1.7-1.8 cm to harvest more than 30 grams of shrimps, and meeting the appearance morphological characteristics of the penaeus vannamei specified by SC 2055-2006;
(5) and (3) intensive breeding of the breeding shrimps: culturing the male and female in separate pools, wherein the culture density is 10 per square meter to 15 per square meter; after cutting off the eye stems on one side of the female shrimps, gradually raising the temperature at the amplitude of 1 ℃/d, and finally controlling the water temperature to be 27-30 ℃; the water quality index requirement is as follows: pH8.0-8.3, total ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.6 mg/L, and dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/L; the illumination intensity is 500 lx-l 000lx, so that direct light is avoided; the gas is inflated to be in a micro-boiling state; after the unilaterally eyestalk of the female shrimp is cut off for 2 days, sewage suction and water change are started, wherein the sewage suction and the water change are carried out for 1 time/d-2 times/d, and the daily water change amount is 80% -120%; after the parent shrimps are matured and cultivated for 4-7 days, checking the gonad development condition of the parent shrimps every day, wherein the female shrimps with mature gonads are full and orange from the back, and the front leaves extend to the stomach area and are slightly V-shaped; selecting female shrimps with mature gonads at 8: 00-9: 00 every day, transferring the female shrimps into a male shrimp culture pond to allow the female shrimps to mate by themselves, wherein the illumination intensity in the daytime is 500-1000 Lx, and a fluorescent lamp above the mating pond is turned on at night, and the illumination intensity is kept at 200-300 Lx;
(6) after spawning, fishing out the female shrimps in time and putting the female shrimps back to the original culture pond to remove dirt in the spawning pond; hatching density of fertilized eggs is 30 multiplied by 104-80 multiplied by 104 particles/m 2, aeroliths in a hatching pool are 1/m 2, and water is inflated to be in a microwave shape; keeping the hatching water temperature of fertilized eggs at 28-30 ℃, pushing eggs once per hour, slightly turning over the eggs with the bottom sunk, fishing out dirt in time in the hatching process by using a net, checking the development condition of embryos, and hatching for 12-13 hours; after the nauplii are completely incubated, draining the water level of an incubation pool to 50-60 cm by using a drainer wrapped by a 200-mesh bolting silk net, collecting the nauplii in a nauplii collecting tank by using a 200-mesh bolting silk net cage, removing dirt, transferring into a 500L glass steel barrel, and slightly inflating; the product is qualified by quarantine of quarantine departments and can be sold or used for healthy larvae without specific pathogen.
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2021
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