CN109479779A - A kind of japonicus high yield environment-protecting cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of japonicus high yield environment-protecting cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109479779A CN109479779A CN201811569754.3A CN201811569754A CN109479779A CN 109479779 A CN109479779 A CN 109479779A CN 201811569754 A CN201811569754 A CN 201811569754A CN 109479779 A CN109479779 A CN 109479779A
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- japonicus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/40—Culture of aquatic animals of annelids, e.g. lugworms or Eunice
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of japonicus high yield environment-protecting cultivation methods, the described method comprises the following steps: (1) according to the clear pond of the conventional method of japonicus, shine pond, turn over, intake, sterilize and rich water, prepare cultivating pool, after water body has obvious algae color, start to launch big specification clam worm seed, after clam worm seed bottom is dwelt, japonicus seedling 1~20,000 tails/mu is launched;(2) 1~2h of post sunset feeds mixed feed daily, and 2~3h feeds chilled fly maggot before sunrise;(3) nitrogen of results of regular determination breeding water body, phosphorus and basicity adjust N, P, C ratio, make three mass ratio 7.2:1:41, until harvest.The yield of japonicus can be improved in cultural method of the invention, and is conducive to keep well stable breeding environment, reduces the discharge of breeding wastewater, reduces aquaculture cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture fields, and in particular to a kind of japonicus high yield environment-protecting cultivation method.
Background technique
Japonicus (Penaeus japonicus) also known as Marsupenaeus japonicus are commonly called as spending shrimp, ring shrimp, vehicle shrimp etc., extensively
It is distributed in the Indian Ocean, the Pacific region, it is coastal on the south China Jiangsu to have Natural Population distribution.The shrimp is full of nutrition, meat flavour is delicious,
Deep to be liked by the majority of consumers, its artificial breeding is carried out in many places of China coast.The shrimp is fond of fresh food, feeds fresh and alive
Bait can be grown to 50~60 tails/kg commercial sized prawn for generally 2 months, and if feeding artifical compound feed, need 5~6
The moon can just be grown to the above commercial specification.Yancheng, Jiangsu Province area can cultivate both parties in a lawsuit's japonicus using Coastal beach pond every year, and one
As launch shrimp seedling 0.5~10,000 tails/mu, rely primarily on rich water early period and cultivate natural biological bait, it is long to 3cm or more to shrimp seedling, open
Beginning feeds the chilled bait such as low value shellfish meat, small fish, oppossum shrimp and big artemia, generally singly makes 25~50kg/ mus of yield;Zhanjiang
Area utilizes high-elevation breeding pond japonicus, general to launch shrimp seedling 5~80,000 tails/mu, and whole process feeds artifical compound feed, yield
General 500kg/ mus or so reachable, high person is up to 1000kg/ mus or more.
Japonicus is lower to the transformation efficiency of feed as other shrimps, and the nitrogen of artificial bait throwing in input shrimp ponds only has
19% or so is converted into the nitrogen of shrimp body, remaining major part is accumulated in shrimp ponds bottom sludge in the form of residual bait and excrement, few portion
Divide and is present in water in the form of dissolved organic nitrogen.Poisonous and harmful substance and pathogen in pond can be with these organic matters
It accumulates and constantly increases, when its content is more than the patient limit of shrimps institute, will lead to prawn disease generation and death, this is to be permitted
More pond culture middle and later periods break out the major reason of extensive prawn disease.In order to reduce prawn disease, needed in breeding process a large amount of
Water is changed, the pollution of culture zone surrounding enviroment is in turn resulted in.Although being raised with the chilled bait such as shellfish meat, small fish, oppossum shrimp and big artemia
Hello, than being fed with mixed feed, japonicus is grown faster, but because these chilled bait contain a large amount of juices, compares mixed feed
It is easier to ruin breeding environment, furthermore these chilled bait can also carry pathogen and white spot virus sometimes, cause japonicus
It infects and mortality.
Clam worm is full of nutrition, is the high-quality biological living bait of carnivorous fish Shrimp waste, can significantly improve fish shrimp crab class at
Motility rate and growth rate generally use clam worm in the current prawn seed breeding in China and cultivate close shrimp.It largely eats in addition, clam worm has
The habit of bed mud is then exhausted from soil after organic matter therein is absorbed and utilized, therefore clam worm is to the organic matter Utilization ability in bed mud
It is very strong, it is known as the laudatory title of " bottom material of pond for breeding cleaner ".Deng Jinsong etc. launched in prawn culturing pond specification be (0.94 ±
0.34) perinereis aibihitensis Grube (0.2~0.6) kg/m of g2, it is remarkably improved the survival rate and yield of Crustin, reduces bait
Coefficient improves the substrate and aquatic environment of cultivation.But the research is carried out in prawn culturing mid-term, and used clam worm specification is very
Greatly, cost can be very high if the clam worm for also launching so big specification in being widely applied, in addition the source of clam worm also without
Method guarantees that therefore, it is difficult to be widely applied to implement.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to well stable living environment and feeding that is full of nutrition and being fond of are provided for japonicus
Material, provides a kind of japonicus high yield environment-protecting cultivation method, improves the yield of japonicus, reduces aquaculture cost, and subtract
Few breeding wastewater discharge.
To achieve the goals above, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of japonicus high yield environment-protecting cultivation method, comprising the following steps:
The remaining water in cultivating pool is discharged in step 1), dries bottom of pond, turns over and rake, 10~20cm of ploughed depth;Use aperture
100 μm of strainer filterings, into 1~1.2m of seawater of salinity 20~35;Chlorinated product of splashing sterilizes water, reaches water free chlorine
20mg/L;After chlorinated product lack of toxicity, commercially available rich water product culture planktonic organism is used;After water body has obvious algae color, open
Begin to launch big specification clam worm seed, after clam worm seed bottom is dwelt, launches japonicus seedling 1~20,000 tails/mu;
1~2h of post sunset feeds mixed feed to step 2) daily, and 2~3h feeds chilled fly maggot before sunrise;
Nitrogen, phosphorus and the basicity of step 3) every 5~10 days measurement breeding water bodies, adjust N, P, C ratio, make three's mass ratio
7.2:1:41 until harvest.
Further, step 1) the clam worm seed is perinereis aibihitensis Grube, and specification is the long 1~2cm of body.
Further, the injected volume of step 1) the clam worm seed be 10~300,000 tails/mu, wherein clam worm seedling with to shrimp seedling
Quantity ratio be 10:1~15:1.
Further, animal raw materials >=50% such as fish meal, total protein content >=45% in the step 2) mixed feed.
Further, 1~2h of post sunset by the 2~3% of prawn weight feeds mixed feed in step 2), 2 before sunrise
~3h feeds chilled fly maggot by the 5~10% of prawn weight.
Further, the step 3) method for adjusting N, P, C ratio are as follows: according to the content of N in water body, by adding phosphorus
Acid dihydride sodium or potassium dihydrogen phosphate adjust the ratio of P, and the ratio of C is adjusted by addition sodium bicarbonate or saleratus.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages that
1, compared with high-elevation breeding pond japonicus, although per unit area yield is lower, it can avoid the huge investment of feed coefficient, subtract
Few breeding wastewater discharge, shortens the culture-cycle.
2, compared with traditional beach pond culture japonicus, well stable breeding environment can be kept, reduces cultivation
Discharge of wastewater avoids the chilled bait of tradition that water quality is easily caused to ruin and be possible to carry the unfavorable factors such as pathogen and virus, and
And the per unit area yield of japonicus can be improved, reduce aquaculture cost.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, present invention is further described in detail.
Embodiment 1
A kind of japonicus high yield environment-protecting cultivation method, comprising the following steps:
The remaining water in cultivating pool is discharged, dries bottom of pond, turns over and rake, 10~20cm of ploughed depth;With the filter of 100 μm of aperture
Net filtration, into 1~1.2m of seawater of salinity 20~35;Chlorinated product of splashing sterilizes water, and water free chlorine is made to reach 20mg/L;To
After chlorinated product lack of toxicity, commercially available rich water product culture planktonic organism is used;After water body has obvious algae color, according to following feature
It carries out putting seedling and aquaculture management:
(1) perinereis aibihitensis Grube large size seedling seed (the long 1~2cm of body) 120,000 tails/mu are launched to throw after clam worm seed bottom is dwelt
10,000 tails of japonicus seedling/mu is put, wherein clam worm seedling and the quantity ratio to shrimp seedling are 12:1.
(2) daily 1~2h of post sunset by the 2~3% of prawn weight feed mixed feed (animal raw materials such as fish meal >=
50%, total protein content >=45%), before sunrise 2~3h by the 5~10% of prawn weight feed chilled fly maggot (sterile culture,
It is rapidly frozen, the commodity of low temperature logistics and preservation).
(3) nitrogen, phosphorus and the basicity in every 10 days measurement breeding water bodies, according to the content of N in water body, by adding di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen sodium or potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium bicarbonate or saleratus make N, P, C three's mass ratio 7.2:1:41.
Embodiment 2
A kind of japonicus high yield environment-protecting cultivation method, comprising the following steps:
The remaining water in cultivating pool is discharged, dries bottom of pond, turns over and rake, 10~20cm of ploughed depth;With the filter of 100 μm of aperture
Net filtration, into 1~1.2m of seawater of salinity 20~35;Chlorinated product of splashing sterilizes water, and water free chlorine is made to reach 20mg/L;To
After chlorinated product lack of toxicity, commercially available rich water product culture planktonic organism is used;After water body has obvious algae color, according to following feature
It carries out putting seedling and aquaculture management:
(1) perinereis aibihitensis Grube large size seedling seed (the long 1~2cm of body) 150,000 tails/mu are launched to throw after clam worm seed bottom is dwelt
1.5 ten thousand tails of japonicus seedling/mu is put, wherein clam worm seedling and the quantity ratio to shrimp seedling are 10:1.
(2) daily 1~2h of post sunset by the 2~3% of prawn weight feed mixed feed (animal raw materials such as fish meal >=
50%, total protein content >=45%), before sunrise 2~3h by the 5~10% of prawn weight feed chilled fly maggot (sterile culture,
It is rapidly frozen, the commodity of low temperature logistics and preservation).
(3) nitrogen, phosphorus and the basicity in every 10 days measurement breeding water bodies, according to the content of N in water body, by adding di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen sodium or potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium bicarbonate or saleratus make N, P, C three's mass ratio 7.2:1:41.
Embodiment 3
A kind of japonicus high yield environment-protecting cultivation method, comprising the following steps:
The remaining water in cultivating pool is discharged, dries bottom of pond, turns over and rake, 10~20cm of ploughed depth;With the filter of 100 μm of aperture
Net filtration, into 1~1.2m of seawater of salinity 20~35;Chlorinated product of splashing sterilizes water, and water free chlorine is made to reach 20mg/L;To
After chlorinated product lack of toxicity, commercially available rich water product culture planktonic organism is used;After water body has obvious algae color, according to following feature
It carries out putting seedling and aquaculture management:
(1) perinereis aibihitensis Grube large size seedling seed (the long 1~2cm of body) 300,000 tails/mu are launched to throw after clam worm seed bottom is dwelt
20,000 tails of japonicus seedling/mu is put, wherein clam worm seedling and the quantity ratio to shrimp seedling are 15:1.
(2) daily 1~2h of post sunset by the 2~3% of prawn weight feed mixed feed (animal raw materials such as fish meal >=
50%, total protein content >=45%), before sunrise 2~3h by the 5~10% of prawn weight feed chilled fly maggot (sterile culture,
It is rapidly frozen, the commodity of low temperature logistics and preservation).
(3) nitrogen, phosphorus and the basicity in every 10 days measurement breeding water bodies, according to the content of N in water body, by adding di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen sodium or potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium bicarbonate or saleratus make N, P, C three's mass ratio 7.2:1:41.
Comparative example 1
To understand influence of the mixed breeding clam worm to japonicus yield and breeding environment, ad hoc comparative example 1, except not launching clam worm
Outside seedling, remaining condition is same as Example 1.
Test case 1
It is continuously raised 60 days with the method for comparative example 1 in accordance with the above-mentioned embodiment 1~3, during which in addition to a small amount of rainfall and moisturizing
Water is not changed outside, daily in due course artificial oxygenation as needed, it is ensured that bottom water dissolved oxygen >=4mg/L.It measures and implements after cultivation
The japonicus yield of example 1~3 and comparative example 1 calculates prawn survival rate, counterpoise and feed coefficient, while measuring 3 in each water body
Total nitrogen content in the nitrogen content and the surface layer 1cm soil of kind form, concrete outcome such as Tables 1 and 2.
Table 1 raises together influence of the clam worm to japonicus growth performance
Feed coefficient * is mixed feed coefficient+chilled fly maggot coefficient in table 1.
Table 2 raises together influence of the clam worm to breeding environment
Bed mud total nitrogen * is to take the surface layer 1cm soil in 105 DEG C of data that drying to constant weight measures in table 2.
It can be seen that yield, counterpoise and the survival of japonicus in the Examples 1 to 3 of mixed breeding clam worm by the data of table 1
The comparative example 1 that rate less raises together clam worm significantly improves, and feed coefficient is then substantially reduced;Clam worm is raised together as can be seen from Table 2
Examples 1 to 3 water body in 3 kinds of forms nitrogen content and the surface layer 1cm soil in total nitrogen content less raise together clam worm pair
Ratio 1 is substantially reduced.It can be seen that raising together appropriate clam worm can be improved japonicus survival rate and yield, feed cost is reduced
And the pollution to breeding environment.
In order to solve the problems, such as current japonicus cultivation, we first put appropriate clam worm in a suitable place to breed before launching shrimp seedling
Large size seedling seed is ingested prawn residual bait and excrement using clam worm;Shellfish meat, small fish, chaff are replaced with the chilled fly maggot of sterile culture
The chilled bait such as shrimp and big artemia avoids chilled bait from carrying the harm of pathogen and virus to japonicus, furthermore chilled fly
Maggot suitable size, japonicus are fond of, and have complete crust to be coated with, no juice exudation, while being fed appropriate mixed feed and being made up
The auxotrophy of chilled fly maggot;By adding P and C, N, P, C three mass ratio in breeding water body is made to reach unicellular alga growth
Most suitable demand percentage (7.2:1:41), using single-cell algae growth absorb consumption water body in nitrogen, to reduce molecules of ammonia
Harm with nitrite to japonicus.The present invention just utilizes clam worm to remove residual bait and excrement at prawn culturing initial stage, used
Clam worm large size seedling seed body grows 1~2cm, and every kg has seed 5~200,000 tails, and not only seed is at low cost, but also source is guaranteed.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of japonicus high yield environment-protecting cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
The remaining water in cultivating pool is discharged in step 1), dries bottom of pond, turns over and rake, 10~20cm of ploughed depth;With 100 μm of aperture
Strainer filtering, into 1~1.2m of seawater of salinity 20~35;Chlorinated product of splashing sterilizes water, and water free chlorine is made to reach 20mg/L;
After chlorinated product lack of toxicity, commercially available rich water product culture planktonic organism is used;After water body has obvious algae color, start to launch big
Specification clam worm seed launches japonicus seedling 1~20,000 tails/mu after clam worm seed bottom is dwelt;
1~2h of post sunset feeds mixed feed to step 2) daily, and 2~3h feeds chilled fly maggot before sunrise;
Nitrogen, phosphorus and the basicity of step 3) every 5~10 days measurement breeding water bodies, adjust N, P, C ratio, make three's mass ratio 7.2:
1:41, until harvest.
2. a kind of japonicus high yield environment-protecting cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 1) sand
Silkworm seed is perinereis aibihitensis Grube, and specification is the long 1~2cm of body.
3. a kind of japonicus high yield environment-protecting cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 1) sand
The injected volume of silkworm seed is 10~300,000 tails/mu, and wherein clam worm seedling and the quantity ratio to shrimp seedling are 10:1~15:1.
4. a kind of japonicus high yield environment-protecting cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 2) is described to match
Close animal raw materials >=50% such as fish meal, total protein content >=45% in feed.
5. a kind of japonicus high yield environment-protecting cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that sunset in step 2)
1~2h feeds mixed feed by the 2~3% of prawn weight afterwards, and 2~3h is fed by the 5~10% of prawn weight before sunrise
Chilled fly maggot.
6. a kind of japonicus high yield environment-protecting cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 3) tune
The method for saving N, P, C ratio are as follows: according to the content of N in water body, the ratio of P is adjusted by addition sodium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Example adjusts the ratio of C by addition sodium bicarbonate or saleratus.
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Cited By (4)
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CN111955392A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-11-20 | 河海大学 | Breeding method for improving specifications of hairy crabs by adopting soil improvement |
CN112075367A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-15 | 盐城工学院 | Method for breeding penaeus japonicus by using idle river crab seedling culture soil pond |
CN114651761A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-06-24 | 盐城工学院 | Small shed breeding method for penaeus vannamei boone without changing water |
CN114651760A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-06-24 | 盐城工学院 | Method for stocking clam worms in soil pond for high-density culture of penaeus vannamei boone |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111955392A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-11-20 | 河海大学 | Breeding method for improving specifications of hairy crabs by adopting soil improvement |
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CN112075367A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-15 | 盐城工学院 | Method for breeding penaeus japonicus by using idle river crab seedling culture soil pond |
CN114651761A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-06-24 | 盐城工学院 | Small shed breeding method for penaeus vannamei boone without changing water |
CN114651760A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-06-24 | 盐城工学院 | Method for stocking clam worms in soil pond for high-density culture of penaeus vannamei boone |
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