CN107581105B - Method for improving fry proportion of female cynoglossus semilaevis - Google Patents
Method for improving fry proportion of female cynoglossus semilaevis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving the ratio of female cynoglossus semilaevis fingerlings. The method adopts a four-selection method in the production period of the offspring seeds, and comprises the following steps of: after one month of culture, selecting the size according to the weight and abandoning the size, and then distinguishing the size according to the body characteristics; selecting two: after 2 months of cultivation, screening in the second stage according to the technical key of the primary selection link; selecting three steps: when the patient is 6 months old, selecting sizes according to the body length, discarding the sizes, and then screening by combining the gonad development; selecting four: at 8 months of age, according to the growth specification, the size is selected and discarded, and the false female elimination is carried out on the poor growth character of the female. According to the invention, male individuals are eliminated successively, female individuals are kept to be cultured to the commodity specification, full-female culture is finally realized, the process of eliminating male individuals is shortened to the maximum extent, the production benefit is effectively improved, compared with different screens, under the condition of keeping the yield, the production cost is reduced by 47.2%, the benefit is improved by over 84.1%, and the culture production requirements are greatly met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cynoglossus semilaevis fry breeding method, in particular to a method for improving the ratio of cynoglossus semilaevis female fry.
Background
The cynoglossus semilaevis is warm-water offshore bottom layer fish, is distributed along the sea in China, and mostly adopts Bohai sea and yellow sea. The cynoglossus semilaevis has tender meat, delicious taste, rich nutrition, high meat yield, large size and quick growth, is high-quality, high-price and valuable marine fishes, has outstanding quality and value as flounders, flounders and sole, and is deeply loved by vast consumers. At present, the artificial breeding technology of the cynoglossus semilaevis has made breakthrough progress, the breeding cultivation and cultivation technology is successfully applied to production, and the cynoglossus semilaevis can be produced by high-investment industrial cultivation and can also be produced by low-cost pond cultivation.
However, the production practice finds that even if the growth rate of the female fish is obviously higher than that of the male fish under the same conditions with the fry of the same specification, the size of the female fish can reach 3-10 times that of the male fish in the same growth time, and the female fish has obvious advantages over the male fish in terms of survival rate.
Under the cultivation condition, the male accounts for about 3/5, and the male individuals can not reach the commodity specification after two years of cultivation, so that the cultivation efficiency is low, and the yield and income are influenced. Therefore, the realization of high-estrualization or full-estrualization cultivation has important significance for improving the cultivation yield and economic benefit of the cynoglossus semilaevis. However, the male and female can not be distinguished on the seedling culture site, male individuals must be continuously eliminated in the culture process, female individuals are reserved, and finally the male proportion is small. As huge waste is generated in the breeding process before the elimination of male individuals, the earlier the male fishes are eliminated, the larger the proportion of female individuals in the whole breeding process is, the lower the breeding cost is, and the better the breeding benefit is.
The female and male ratios of cynoglossus semilaevis fry are researched in cynoglossus semilaevis Cynogossussuselaiae gender determination mechanism, breeding population ratio and female and male shape difference research and cynoglossus semilaevis breeding population ratio and female and male shape difference research, wherein the cynoglossus semilaevis fry female and male are remarkably different at 6 months of age (p < 0.05) on the body weight, the difference between the cynoglossus semilaevis fry and female is continuously increased after 6 months of age, the phenotype female and male of cynoglossus semilaevis are greatly different at 6 months of age and reach the remarkable level at 8 months of age, the phenotype female is remarkably larger than the normal male (p < 0.05) on the body weight and body weight after 6 months of age, the problem of improving the female ratio of cynoglossus semilaevis is solved, the male of cynoglossus semilaevis cannot be transformed to cynoglossus semilaevis male, namely, the temperature regulation cannot enable the female ratio to exceed 50%, the female hormone utilization ratio is similar to β -8617%, but the full-white tongue-white cynoglossus semilaevis fry production is not suitable for the general identification, and the defect is not reported.
In the research on sex differentiation indexes of male and female cynoglossus semilaevis, the royal collotype also only analyzes the indexes of blood, karyotype of chromosome, banding pattern of chromosome and hormone level of male and female cynoglossus semilaevis, and a specific method for identifying male and female cynoglossus semilaevis in practical application is not provided.
CN201210120086.2 discloses a method for breeding female fish of cynoglossus semilaevis fingerlings, which is a family breeding method and is difficult to be successfully applied in production practice.
In conclusion, the research on the total-estrualization breeding at home and abroad is a current hot spot. At present, sex control modes mainly comprise estrogen stimulation, gynogenesis, artificial sex control, nucleus transplantation and genetic engineering, but the practical production operation has the defects of complex operation and high technical threshold, and is difficult to be successfully applied to the current culture production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for improving the fry proportion of female cynoglossus semilaevis by adopting a four-selection method in a fry production period, sequentially eliminating male individuals, keeping all female individuals to be cultured to a commodity specification and finally realizing full-female culture, aiming at the problem that the male and female cynoglossus semilaevis cannot be distinguished on site in the fry culture period.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method for improving the ratio of female cynoglossus semilaevis fingerlings is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) performing first-stage primary selection according to specification difference and body type characteristics, namely selecting: after the same batch of commercial seedlings in stocking are cultured for one month, the length of the seedlings is 9-10cm, the weight of the seedlings is about 30g, and the seedlings are distinguished by the appearance at the stage because the gonads are not developed: firstly, preliminarily selecting according to the weight, and selecting the size and abandoning the size; in view of body type, the head of a female fish is obviously wide and thick, the tail of the female fish is blunt and round, the whole body is also obviously wide, and the whole male fish is narrow in head, pointed in tail and thin in body type. According to the shape distinguishing characteristics, the selective breeding rate is 70 percent in the first selection, namely, the male fish is eliminated by 30 percent.
(2) And (3) performing second-stage reselection according to the specification difference and the body type characteristics, namely second selection: culturing for 2 months to reach 3 months old, body length of 15-20cm, average body weight of more than 100 g, and performing second stage screening according to the primary selection link; the breeding rate is 75 percent, namely male fish is eliminated by 25 percent.
(3) And (3) observing the gonad development condition and performing third-stage screening, namely three-stage screening: when the patient is 6 months old, the body length is 25-30cm, the average body weight is more than 150g, the patient is preliminarily selected according to the body length, the size is selected, the patient is discarded, and then screening is carried out by combining the gonad development; when the specification reaches 25cm, the gonad of the male fish is basically developed and matured, the gonad development of the female fish is not obvious, the fish is flatly placed on a lamp panel, or the gonad development condition of the fish is observed from the bottom of the fish body through manual electro-optical illumination to distinguish the male fish from the female fish; the gonads of the female fish are round and not obvious in development, the gonads of the male fish are obviously sharp and long, the phenomenon of white flowing is caused when the genital pores are slightly squeezed forcibly, and the male fish is obtained when sperms flow out, and then the female fish is eliminated. The breeding rate is 70 percent, namely male fish is eliminated by 30 percent.
(4) And (4) carrying out fourth-stage screening according to the growth specification, namely four-stage screening: when the female is 8 months old, the body is 30-35cm long, the average weight is more than 200 g, and according to the growth specification, the size is selected and discarded, and the false female elimination is carried out on the poor growth character of the female. The breeding rate is 60 percent, namely female fish is eliminated by 40 percent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the beneficial effects that:
by adopting the four-selection method, male individuals are eliminated successively, all female individuals are kept to be cultured to reach the commodity specification, full-female culture is finally realized, the process of eliminating the male individuals is shortened to the maximum extent, the production benefit is effectively improved, compared with different screens, the proportion of female fishes is improved to 100% from 1/4 through seed selection of four-selection, the production cost is reduced by 47.2% under the condition of keeping the yield, the benefit is improved by more than 84.1%, and the culture production requirements are greatly met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the "four-selection method" of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The following examples, based on the applicant's recent experience with cynoglossus semilaevis breeding, are summarized: the cynoglossus semilaevis female fish grows rapidly and obviously in the whole process, male fish has the characteristic of obvious growth lag when the specification reaches about 20 centimeters after half year, even after 6 months, nearly 40% of female fish in all female fish have equal growth input and output, the benefit is not obvious, the female fish occupies resources and needs 'false female elimination', so that the stage-by-stage screening work is needed, the screening process is shown in figure 1, and the steps are as follows:
1. performing first-stage primary selection (first selection) according to the specification difference and the body type characteristics: the young seedling of 9-10cm is about 30g in weight, and the young seedling can be distinguished by the shape at the stage because the gonad is not developed. After the same batch of commercial seedlings put in the breeding field are cultured for one month, the commercial seedlings are preliminarily selected according to the weight, and then the commercial seedlings are selected and discarded. Then, the head of the general female fish is obviously wide and thick, the tail of the general female fish is blunt and round, the whole body is also obviously wide, and the whole male fish is narrow in appearance, sharp in tail and thin in body. According to the characteristics, the selective breeding rate is 70% (30% for eliminating male fish).
2. And (4) performing second-stage reselection (second selection) according to the specification difference and the body type characteristics: and culturing for 2 months to obtain the product with 3 months age, body length of 15-20cm and average body weight of more than 100 g, and performing second stage screening according to the primary selection link. The breeding rate is 75% (25% for eliminating male fish).
3. And (5) observing the gonad development condition and performing third-stage screening (three-stage screening): when the patient is 6 months old, the body length is 25-30cm, the average body weight is more than 150g, the patient is preliminarily selected according to the body length, the size is selected, the patient is discarded, and then the screening is carried out by combining the gonad development. When the specification reaches 25cm, the gonad of the male fish is basically developed and matured, while the gonad development of the female fish is not obvious. The fish can be flatly placed on the lamp panel by using the lamp panel (similar to a box lamp for a hospital to see CT pictures), or the gonadal development condition of the fish can be observed by lighting from the bottom of the fish body through the flashlight of the hand to distinguish. The gonad of the female fish is blunt (development is not obvious), while the gonad of the male fish is obvious sharp and long, and the male fish is just male fish when the genital orifice is slightly extruded and white flowing phenomenon (sperm flowing out) occurs, and then the female fish is eliminated. The breeding rate is 70% (30% of rejected male fish).
4. And (4) performing fourth-stage screening according to the growth specification (four-stage screening): when the commercial fish culture period reaches 6 months, the screening is carried out for the last time in 35% of the total fish quantity after screening, which is called as 'false female elimination', and the significance of the false female elimination is that nearly 40% of the screened full female fish needs to grow and input with the same output, the benefit is not obvious, and the resources are occupied, so the screening is very important. When the female is 8 months old, the body is 30-35cm long, the average weight is more than 200 g, and according to the growth specification, the size is selected and discarded, and the false female elimination is carried out on the poor growth character of the female. The breeding rate is 60% (40% for culling female fish).
Thus, the high-quality all-female fish can be selected and bred for final breeding work through four-time screening in different periods, and the total breeding rate is over 22 percent; therefore, the purchase base number of the offspring seeds of the commodity is the premise for determining the success or failure of the high-efficiency cultivation.
The above description is only an example of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent variations using the content of the present specification are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for improving the ratio of female cynoglossus semilaevis fingerlings is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) performing first-stage primary selection according to specification difference and body type characteristics, namely selecting: after the same batch of commercial seedlings in stocking are cultured for one month, the length of the seedlings is 9-10cm, the weight of the seedlings is about 30g, and the seedlings are distinguished by the appearance at the stage because the gonads are not developed: firstly, preliminarily selecting according to the weight, and selecting the size and abandoning the size; in view of body types, the head of a common female fish is obviously wide and thick, the tail of the common female fish is blunt and round, the whole body is also obviously wide, and the overall appearance of a male fish is narrow in head, pointed in tail and thin in body type; according to the shape distinguishing characteristics, the first-selection breeding rate is 70 percent, namely, the male fish is eliminated by 30 percent;
(2) and (3) performing second-stage reselection according to the specification difference and the body type characteristics, namely second selection: culturing for 2 months to reach 3 months old, body length of 15-20cm, average body weight of more than 100 g, and performing second stage screening according to the primary selection link; the breeding rate is 75 percent, namely male fish is eliminated by 25 percent;
(3) and (3) observing the gonad development condition and performing third-stage screening, namely three-stage screening: when the patient is 6 months old, the body length is 25-30cm, the average body weight is more than 150g, the patient is preliminarily selected according to the body length, the size is selected, the patient is discarded, and then screening is carried out by combining the gonad development; when the specification reaches 25cm, the gonad of the male fish is basically developed and matured, the gonad development of the female fish is not obvious, the fish is flatly placed on a lamp panel, or the gonad development condition of the fish is observed from the bottom of the fish body through manual electro-optical illumination to distinguish the male fish from the female fish; the gonads of the female fishes are round and not obvious in development, the gonads of the male fishes are obviously sharp and long, the phenomenon of white flowing is caused when the genital pores are slightly extruded by force, and the male fishes are obtained when sperms flow out, so that the female fishes are eliminated; the breeding rate is 70 percent, namely male fish is eliminated by 30 percent;
(4) and (4) carrying out fourth-stage screening according to the growth specification, namely four-stage screening: when the female is 8 months old, the body is 30-35cm long, the average weight is more than 200 g, according to the growth specification, the size is selected and discarded, and the false female elimination is carried out on the poor female growth character; the breeding rate is 60 percent, namely female fish is eliminated by 40 percent.
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| CN110178760B (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2021-06-11 | 利津县双瀛水产苗种有限责任公司 | Method for breeding high-gynogenetic fry of parent fish of cynoglossus semilaevis in nutrition regulation and control manner |
| CN111528146A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-08-14 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for obtaining high-female fertilized eggs of cynoglossus semilaevis all year round |
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