CN107567916B - High-quality strong seedling breeding method for cyclobalanopsis glauca - Google Patents
High-quality strong seedling breeding method for cyclobalanopsis glauca Download PDFInfo
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- CN107567916B CN107567916B CN201710803890.3A CN201710803890A CN107567916B CN 107567916 B CN107567916 B CN 107567916B CN 201710803890 A CN201710803890 A CN 201710803890A CN 107567916 B CN107567916 B CN 107567916B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-quality strong seedling breeding method of cyclobalanopsis glauca, which comprises the following steps of: 1) harvesting and treating seeds; 2) seedling raising; 3) sowing in a field; 4) transplanting in a container; 5) managing a nursery; 6) grading according to the quality grade of the nursery stock; the method improves the sowing and seedling raising technology of the quercus cyclobalanopsis, performs preferential treatment on seeds, ensures the integrity of the seeds, and has the advantages of high seed treatment efficiency, rapidness, high seed germination rate and germination vigor, robust and neat seedling growth, low seedling raising cost and high economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-quality strong seedling breeding method of cyclobalanopsis glauca.
Background
Quercus acutangula, named cyclobalanopsis glauca, alias: cortex Oroxyli, fructus Canarii albi extract, flower tip tree, folium Aleurites Latifoliae, iron oak, and iron Cyclobalanopsis. Latin, under the name Cyclobalanopsis glauca (Thunb.) oest. The trees are important for evergreen broad-leaved forests, are resistant to barren and are favored with calcium. The wood has excellent properties and is an important material of the wood shuttle in the textile industry.
Quercus cyclobalanopsis is evergreen arbor of Fagaceae, yellow and green flower of May, unisexual flower, isosexual plant, male flower and tender flower. The nuts are oval or elliptical, are in the cup-shaped shell, and are ripe in october. The young trees are slightly resistant to yin, the big trees are pleased with light, and the trees are neutral happiness. Has strong adaptability and low requirement on soil. The growth of the young plants is slow, the growth is accelerated after 5 years, the germination capacity is strong, the young plants are resistant to pruning and deep rooted, and the young plants can prevent wind and fire.
The traditional quercus cyclobalanopsis planting method adopts a seed sowing mode, but through years of use, the traditional quercus cyclobalanopsis planting technology is relatively laggard, and is mainly reflected in low seed germination rate, irregular seedling growth and poor robustness, high seedling raising cost and low economic benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a high-quality strong-seedling breeding method for quercus cyclobalanopsis glauca, which improves the sowing and seedling raising technology of quercus cyclobalanopsis glauca, performs preferential treatment on seeds to ensure the integrity of the seeds, and has the advantages of high seed treatment efficiency, rapidness, high seed germination rate and germination vigor, robust and regular seedling growth, low seedling raising cost and high economic benefit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high-quality strong seedling breeding method for cyclobalanopsis glauca comprises the following steps:
1) seed harvesting and treatment
a. Seed collection: selecting a robust mother tree with the growth of more than 20a for seed collection, and collecting fruits when the fruits turn from green to brown;
b. seed treatment: spreading the harvested seeds in a ventilating, shady and dry place, separating the seeds from the peels and the pulps by a separation device, removing impurities, cleaning and fully airing;
c. seed preference: treating the seeds in clear water for 1-2 days, selecting the seeds immersed in the water, and airing;
d. seed storage: wet sand burying and storing the seeds by river sand, soaking the seeds by 0.5 percent potassium permanganate for disinfection for 30min before storage, and airing;
2) seedling raising
a. Selecting and preparing land for nursery;
b. building a bed: the seedbed is 20cm high and 120cm wide;
c. fertilizing and sterilizing: applying 800 kg-1000 kg of farmyard manure, 100kg of compound fertilizer and 200kg of phosphate fertilizer per mu, spraying 1% formalin on a bed surface, covering the bed surface with a plastic film, uncovering the bed after one week, naturally ventilating and airing the seedbed, turning the seedbed and making furrows;
d. accelerating germination of seeds: 1 month before sowing, digging a soil pit in a nursery, sterilizing seeds by using a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution, washing the seeds clean by using clear water, drying the seeds in the air, uniformly stirring the seeds and fine river sand in a ratio of 1:3, covering a clean straw curtain, watering the seeds thoroughly, spraying carbendazim for 1 time, covering a plastic film for moisturizing, and sowing after germination;
3) sowing in field
a. Sowing time: from 3 to 4 in the middle of the month;
b. sowing: sowing is carried out in a broadcasting, drilling or dibbling mode;
4) container transplanting
a. The specification of the container is as follows: the container is a non-woven fiber bag with the length of 15cm and the diameter of 12 cm;
b. matrix: peat soil, yellow core soil and perlite are selected as substrates, 1m3Applying 3 kg-4 kg earthworm compost on the substrate, uniformly mixing and bagging;
c. transplanting: the bud seedlings grow 2 cotyledons, the leaves are transplanted after turning green, and the seedling transplanting time is not longer than the middle ten days of May;
d. transplanting seedlings;
5) nursery management
a. Shading: after the seedlings are transplanted, shading treatment is carried out by using a 60% shading net, and the shading net is removed after 9 months;
b. fertilizing: fertilizing for 1 time per month in the seedling growth period, wherein the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio is 2:1:1, and irrigating and fertilizing with the concentration of 0.5%;
c. and (3) moisturizing: during the growth period, the soil moisture needs to keep moist, and the growth later period can be properly reduced;
d. weeding;
e. transplanting and selecting seedlings: transplanting and selecting seedlings 3 months after seedling transplanting, and putting seedlings with consistent growth vigor together according to the growth condition of the seedlings;
6) grading according to the quality grade of the nursery stock.
Preferably, the separation device in the step 1) "seed treatment" is an automatic kneading and separating device, and the automatic kneading and separating device includes a separation box, a feed chute, a kneading mechanism, a rotating mechanism and a cleaning mechanism, the feed chute is arranged at the upper end of the separation box, the kneading mechanism, the rotating mechanism and the cleaning mechanism are all arranged in the separation box, and the kneading mechanism, the rotating mechanism and the cleaning mechanism are arranged up and down.
Preferably, the kneading mechanism comprises a reciprocating cylinder, a linear guide rail and a triangular kneading device, the reciprocating cylinder and the linear guide rail are arranged on the upper end surface of the separation box body, the triangular kneading device is fixedly connected with the transmission end of the reciprocating cylinder through a connecting end, and the upper end of the triangular kneading device is connected with the linear guide rail in a sliding manner.
Preferably, the triangular rubbing device comprises a tripod and a rubbing head, the tripod comprises two inclined plates and a transverse plate connected to the middle position of the two inclined plates, the rubbing head is arranged on each of the two inclined plates and the transverse plate, and the three rubbing heads are positioned on the same straight line.
Preferably, the rotating mechanism comprises a threaded rotating shaft and a kneading plate, the threaded rotating shaft is transversely arranged in the separating box body, two ends of the threaded rotating shaft are respectively arranged in the threaded adjusting cylinder, a horizontal kneading plate is fixed on the threaded rotating shaft, and a plurality of kneading teeth are arranged on the kneading plate.
Preferably, the left side and the right side of the kneading plate are integrally provided with an arc-shaped coaming.
Preferably, in the step 1) "seed storage", the ratio of the seeds to the river sand is 1:3, the fresh wet river sand is firstly filled in the soil pit, the uniformly mixed seeds are flatly laid in the soil pit, the thickness is about 30cm, the wet river sand is covered on the soil pit, the thickness is 10cm, the seeds are covered with the thatch, and the seeds are kept wet frequently.
Preferably, in the step 4), the base part of the bud seedling is pinched and slightly lifted upwards, the root tip is cut by small scissors for 2mm, the bud seedling is protected from being damaged, the taken-out bud seedling is placed in a container in order and covered by a wet towel for standby; and then, punching 1 small hole in the center of the matrix of the seedling culture container by using a bamboo stick, wherein the depth of the small hole is 5-6 cm, then gently placing the bud seedling into the hole to stretch and not bend the root system, keeping the stem part of the bud seedling flat with the surface layer of the matrix, lightly pressing soil around the bud seedling, and thoroughly watering the root-fixing water.
Preferably, the ratio of peat soil, yellow core soil and perlite in the "matrix" of step 4 is 1.5-2:1: 1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: firstly, the method improves the seed treatment process, can quickly separate the peel and pulp of the seeds by the designed separation device, can ensure the integrity of the seeds, avoid the seeds from being damaged, reduce the damage rate of the seeds, and simultaneously, classifies the seeds by a plurality of layers of screens to screen out the seeds with the same specification, so that the emergence rate after sowing is consistent;
secondly, the method adopts container transplanting, and the container transplanting has the advantages of convenient management and capability of improving the growth consistency; in addition, earthworm compost is adopted in the substrate fertilization process, the cost can be greatly reduced, and the earthworm compost can enable the root system of plants to be developed and the stems to be stronger;
the method collects excellent seeds, seeds are sown and cultured, the seed treatment operation is simple and rapid, the germination rate and the germination vigor of the seeds are high, the seedlings grow strongly and regularly, the seedling culture cost is low, the economic benefit is high, and the method is easy to master by the masses and is convenient to popularize and popularize.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an earthworm high-efficiency compost bin.
Fig. 2 is a side schematic view of the end connector.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the separation apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of the kneading board of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the kneading teeth.
FIG. 6 is a side view of the triangular rubbing device.
Wherein: 101-compost bin body, 102-uniform feeding bin, 103-humidifying device, 104-heat preservation device, 105-living layer, 106-food layer, 107-connecting channel, 108-end connector, 109-sealing gate plate, 110-large hole foldable ventilation plate, 111-middle hole adjustable ventilation plate, 112-small hole adjustable ventilation plate, 113-adjusting part, 114-fixing part, 115-moving pressing part, 116-guide rail, 117-adjusting cavity, 118-bottom plate, 119-soil layer, 120-organic layer, 121-feeding hopper, 122-material storage layer, 123-water accumulation layer, 124-draining net plate, 125-material pushing cylinder, 126-material pushing rod, 127-material pushing plate, 128-material unloading inclined plate and 129-shackle, 130-hook head.
201-a separation box body, 202-a feed chute, 203-a reciprocating cylinder, 204-a linear guide rail, 205-a connecting end, 206-an inclined plate, 207-a transverse plate, 208-a kneading head, 209-a threaded rotating shaft, 210-a kneading plate, 211-a threaded adjusting cylinder, 212-a kneading tooth, 213-a guide tooth, 214-a cleaning mechanism and 215-an arc enclosing plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following further describes the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
Example (b): a high-quality strong seedling breeding method for cyclobalanopsis glauca comprises the following steps:
1) seed harvesting and treatment
a. Seed collection: selecting a robust mother tree with the growth of more than 20a for seed collection, and collecting fruits when the fruits turn from green to brown;
b. seed treatment: spreading the harvested seeds in a ventilating, shady and dry place, separating the seeds from the peels and the pulps by a separation device, removing impurities, cleaning and fully airing;
referring to fig. 3-5, the used separation device is specifically an automatic kneading separation device, which includes a separation box 201, a feed chute 202, a kneading mechanism, a rotating mechanism and a cleaning mechanism 214, wherein the feed chute 202 is arranged at the upper end of the separation box 201, the kneading mechanism, the rotating mechanism and the cleaning mechanism 214 are all arranged in the separation box 201, and the kneading mechanism, the rotating mechanism and the cleaning mechanism 214 are arranged up and down; the fruit is fed from a feed chute 202, the feed chute 202 being provided at one end of the separator tank 201;
further, the kneading mechanism comprises a reciprocating cylinder 203, a linear guide 204 and a triangular kneading device, the reciprocating cylinder 203 and the linear guide 204 are both arranged on the upper end surface of the separation box 201, the triangular kneading device is fixedly connected with the transmission end of the reciprocating cylinder 203 through a connection end 205, the upper end of the triangular kneading device is slidably connected with the linear guide 204, the triangular kneading device comprises a triangular frame and a kneading head 208, the triangular frame comprises two inclined plates 206 and a transverse plate 207 connected to the middle position of the two inclined plates 206, the kneading heads 208 are arranged on the two inclined plates 206 and the transverse plate 207, and the three kneading heads 208 are positioned on the same straight line; the feeding groove 202 and the reciprocating cylinder 203 are respectively arranged at two end parts of the upper end of the separating box body 201, fruits are sequentially fed from the feeding groove 202, the reciprocating cylinder 203 drives the triangular rubbing device to reciprocate left and right, the triangular rubbing device can meet the rubbing requirements of all positions, the rubbing head 208 is a conical rubbing head 208 with an arc surface at the end part, and peel is rubbed and removed in the moving process; in addition, the reciprocating levelness of the triangular rubbing device can be better maintained through the arrangement of the linear guide rail 204, and the position of the triangular rubbing device can be better controlled;
further, the rotating mechanism comprises a threaded rotating shaft 209 and a kneading plate 210, the threaded rotating shaft 209 is transversely arranged inside the separating box 201, two ends of the threaded rotating shaft 209 are respectively arranged in a threaded adjusting cylinder 211, a horizontal kneading plate 210 is fixed on the threaded rotating shaft 209, and a plurality of kneading teeth 212 are arranged on the kneading plate 210; arc-shaped coamings 215 are integrally arranged on the left side and the right side of the kneading plate 210; the arrangement of the rotating mechanism is that the rotating mechanism is matched with a triangular rubbing device to carry out mutual rubbing and squeezing operation, the rubbing teeth 212 are also conical rubbing teeth 212 with arc surfaces at the end parts, the rubbing teeth 212 and the rubbing heads 208 on the triangular rubbing device interact to carry out comprehensive and thorough peeling and pulp removing operation on seeds, the damage to the seeds is minimum, the rubbed seeds are quickly released into the cleaning mechanism 214 through rotating the threaded rotating shaft 209 in the threaded adjusting cylinder 211, then the seeds can be continuously rubbed after reversely rotating, a gap is left between the rubbing plate 210 and the wall surface of the separating box body 201, the gap is smaller than the size of the seeds and is prevented from falling down without rubbing, in addition, in order to improve the falling speed and uniformity of the fruits, an arc-shaped coaming 215 is arranged, the fruits quickly fall on the arc-shaped coaming 215, and can be quickly paved on the rubbing plate 210 under the action of gravity, making an assistant for kneading; in addition, the outermost end of the threaded rotating shaft 209 is also provided with a guide tooth 213, and the guide tooth 213 is used for judging whether the kneading plate 210 returns to the horizontal position, so that the guidance is good;
after the seeds are separated from the peels and the pulps and enter a clear water mechanism for cleaning, discharging materials through an upper layer peel outlet and a lower layer seed outlet, and then carrying out subsequent screening or treatment;
in addition, a plurality of layers of screens are arranged in the clear water mechanism, the aperture of each screen is sequentially reduced from top to bottom, so that seeds with different particle sizes can be separated, and the seeds are classified;
c. seed preference: treating the seeds in clear water for 1-2 days, selecting the seeds immersed in the water, and airing; the preferential treatment can be directly carried out in the separating device, and unqualified seeds can float on the upper layer of the clear water mechanism for direct separation;
d. seed storage: firstly, selecting a flat ground which is shaded and free from water accumulation, and digging a 50cm deep soil pit, wherein the length and the width are determined according to the amount of seeds; secondly, sieving river sand, selecting river sand with the diameter of about 1mm for later use, kneading the river sand into balls by hands with humidity, and loosening the balls to be dispersed; thirdly, soaking seeds with 0.5 percent potassium permanganate for disinfection for 30min, airing, and uniformly mixing the seeds with the river sand according to the proportion of 1: 3; finally, filling fresh wet river sand with the thickness of 10cm in the soil pit, flatly spreading the uniformly mixed seeds in the soil pit with the thickness of about 30cm, covering the wet river sand with the thickness of 10cm on the soil pit, covering the seeds with couch grass, and keeping the seeds wet frequently;
2) seedling raising
a. Selecting and preparing land garden: selecting sandy loam with good drainage, loose soil and rich soil as a nursery land;
b. building a bed: the seedbed is 20cm high and 120cm wide;
c. fertilizing and sterilizing: applying 800 kg-1000 kg of farmyard manure, 100kg of compound fertilizer and 200kg of phosphate fertilizer per mu, spraying 1% formalin on a bed surface, covering the bed surface with a plastic film, uncovering the bed after one week, naturally ventilating and airing the seedbed, turning the seedbed and making furrows;
d. accelerating germination of seeds: 1 month before sowing, digging soil pits with proper sizes in a nursery land according to the seed amount, disinfecting seeds by using 0.5 percent potassium permanganate solution, washing the seeds clean by clear water, drying the seeds, uniformly stirring the seeds and fine river sand according to the proportion of 1:3, covering a clean straw curtain, watering the seeds thoroughly, spraying carbendazim for 1 time, covering a plastic film for moisturizing, and sowing the seeds after germination;
3) sowing in field
a. Sowing time: the sowing time is 3 to 4 ten days in the middle of the month;
b. sowing: sowing is carried out in a broadcasting, drilling or dibbling mode;
broadcasting: uniformly spreading the seeds on a seedling bed, slightly beating about 80kg of seeds in each mu of seeds by using a shovel, covering soil with the thickness of about 2cm, covering a straw mat, and uncovering the straw mat when about 30% of the seedlings come out of the soil;
drilling: the row distance is 25 cm-30 cm, the row ditch depth is 4 cm-5 cm, 30-40 seeds are sowed per meter, about 60kg seeds are sowed per mu, the thickness of the covering soil is 2 cm-3 cm, a grass curtain is covered, and the grass curtain is uncovered when about 30% of seedlings come out of the soil;
and (3) dibbling: the row spacing is 25cm, the hole spacing is 10cm, 1-2 seeds are sowed in each hole, 50kg of seeds are sowed in each mu, the thickness of covering soil is 2-3 cm, a grass curtain is covered, and when about 30% of seedlings come out of the soil, the grass curtain is uncovered;
4) container transplanting
a. The specification of the container is as follows: the container is a non-woven fiber bag with the length of 15cm and the diameter of 12 cm;
b. matrix: peat soil, yellow core soil and perlite are selected as substrates, 1m3Applying 3 kg-4 kg earthworm compost on the substrate, uniformly mixing and bagging;
building an earthworm high-efficiency compost bin, which is shown in the attached drawing 1-2 and specifically comprises a compost bin body 101 and a constant-speed feeding bin 102 arranged on the side surface of the compost bin body 101, wherein a rain-shielding and sun-shielding protection shed is arranged on the compost bin body 101 and the constant-speed feeding bin 102, and a protection shed is arranged to solve the problems because earthworms like light, wind and rain; the upper part in the compost box body 101 is provided with a humidifying device 103, a heat preservation device 104 and a three-stage adjustable ventilation device, the middle part is provided with a living layer 105, the lower part is provided with a food layer 106, a connecting channel 107 is arranged between the living layer 105 and the food layer 106, the humidifying device 103 is that the upper end of the compost box body 101 is provided with a humidifying pipe, the humidifying pipe is provided with a row of spray heads, earthworms like a humid environment, so that particularly in summer, the living layer 105 needs to be humidified by the humidifying device 103 regularly, the heat preservation device 104 is a row of heating pipes arranged at the upper end of the compost box body 101, the temperature in the compost box body 101 is increased by the heating pipes after the temperature in winter drops or the temperature in the compost box body 101 drops, the temperature in the box body is kept between 15 and 20 ℃, the connecting channel 107 is arranged between the living layer 105 and the food layer 106, and living and food, the earthworms can be guaranteed to have a better rest and eat;
thirdly, the living layer 105 sequentially comprises a bottom plate 118, a soil layer 119 and an organic layer 120 from bottom to top, the thickness of the soil layer 119 is 2-3 times of that of the organic layer 120, the organic layer 120 is in the shape of crushed straw dried in the sun, the total thickness of the living layer 105 is 6-8cm, and the bottom plate 118 plays a role in supporting;
secondly, the three-level adjustable ventilation devices are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the compost box body 101, each three-level adjustable ventilation device comprises two end connectors 108 and three-level foldable ventilation plates which are connected between the two end connectors 108 and arranged in parallel, the side of the compost box body 101 is provided with an opening part corresponding to the three-level foldable ventilation plates, each three-level foldable ventilation plate comprises a large-hole foldable ventilation plate 110, a middle-hole adjustable ventilation plate 111 and a small-hole adjustable ventilation plate 112, the three ventilation plates are sequentially arranged from outside to inside according to the sequence of the reduction of ventilation holes, the upper ends of the large-hole foldable ventilation plate 110, the middle-hole adjustable ventilation plate 111 and the small-hole adjustable ventilation plate 112 are respectively provided with an adjusting part 113, the lower ends of the large-hole foldable ventilation plate, the middle-hole adjustable ventilation plate 111 and the small-hole, four vertical guide rails 116 are arranged in parallel in each end connector 108, three adjusting cavities 117 are formed by the four guide rails 116, the three adjusting cavities 117 are internally and correspondingly provided with the three-stage foldable ventilation plates, and two ends of the adjusting part 113 are respectively connected with the two guide rails 116 corresponding to the left and the right of the adjusting part in a sliding manner; the end connector 108 is a hollow square structure, the front side and the rear side of the end connector are open correspondingly, the two ends of the end connector 108 are also provided with sealing gate plates 109, the sealing gate plates 109 can be arranged to block the two sides of the opening or open the opening for ventilation, the sealing gate plates 109 are positioned at the outer sides of the two ends of the four guide rails 116, when the sealing gate plates 109 are opened, the three-stage foldable ventilation plates can be adjusted, the outermost guide rail 116 of the four guide rails 116 is a single-side guide rail 116, the inner two guide rails 116 are double-side guide rails 116, the two ends of the adjusting part 113 of the three ventilation plates are uniformly and correspondingly connected in a sliding manner, different ventilation holes are required to be adopted to ventilate the compost box body 101 in different seasons, and the ventilation structure can ensure that fresh air is contained in the earthworm compost box to keep the earthworms breathing, so that the large-hole foldable ventilation plate 110, the middle-hole adjustable ventilation plate 111 and the small-hole adjustable ventilation plate 112 can, 2cm, 1 cm's circular ventilation hole, when needing to adjust in the season of difference like this, only need press the removal of two of them ventilating boards to press the splenium 115 and slide downwards to will remove and press splenium 115 and fixed part 114 fixed connection post, remove and set up shackle 129 on pressing the splenium 115, set up gib head 130 on the fixed part 114, shackle 129 can be connected with gib head 130, and will ventilate the board folding back, that ventilating board that needs will become the ventilation structure, it is more convenient, and is swift, and ventilation effect is good.
In addition, a feed hopper 121 is arranged at the upper end of the uniform feeding box 102, the uniform feeding box 102 is divided into an upper part and a lower part, the upper part is a material storage layer 122, the lower part is a water accumulation layer 123, the material storage layer 122 and the water accumulation layer 123 are separated by a draining screen plate 124, a horizontal pusher is further arranged on the material storage layer 122, the horizontal pusher comprises a material pushing cylinder 125, a material pushing rod 126 and a plurality of material pushing discs 127 arranged on the material pushing rod 126, and each material pushing disc 127 is provided with a circle of material pushing teeth; the feed hopper 121 stores a large amount of kitchen waste, when earthworms eat the kitchen waste, the kitchen waste is firstly put into the material storage layer 122 through the feed hopper 121, a large amount of water in the kitchen waste can be drained off through the material storage layer 122, a water accumulation layer 123 exists, when the earthworms need to feed the kitchen waste, the material pushing cylinder 125 starts to push the kitchen waste to the food layer 106 under the action of the material pushing disc 127, the food layer 106 is fed through the feeding inclined plate 128, and the material storage layer 122 and the food layer 106 of the compost box body 101 are communicated and arranged for the earthworms to eat;
according to the invention, the earthworm compost box is designed in the cuttage process, and the purposes of the arrangement of the earthworm compost box are two, firstly, a large amount of kitchen waste can be treated and recycled, but a large amount of fertilizer containing high-concentration nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements can be generated through the arrangement of the earthworm compost box, and the earthworm dung is added into a sand bed, so that the root system of the cuttage seedlings can grow faster and more developed, the strength of stalks can be higher, the earthworm dung is the best natural nutrition and fertilizer for plants, and the growth of the cuttage seedlings in the early stage can be promoted;
c. transplanting: the bud seedlings grow 2 cotyledons, the leaves are transplanted after turning green, and the seedling transplanting time is not longer than the middle ten days of May;
d. transplanting seedlings;
firstly, pinching the base of the bud seedling, slightly lifting upwards, cutting off the root tip by 2mm by using a small scissors, paying attention to protect the bud seedling from being damaged, neatly placing the taken-out bud seedling in a container, and covering the bud seedling with a wet towel for later use;
secondly, punching 1 small hole in the center of the substrate of the seedling culture container by using a bamboo stick, wherein the depth of the small hole is 5-6 cm, then gently putting the bud seedling into the hole to stretch and bend the root system, keeping the root part of the bud seedling flat with the surface layer of the substrate, lightly pressing soil around the bud seedling, and thoroughly watering the root fixing water;
5) nursery management
a. Shading: after the seedlings are transplanted, shading treatment is carried out by using a 60% shading net, and the shading net is removed after 9 months;
b. fertilizing: fertilizing for 1 time per month in the seedling growth period, wherein the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio is 2:1:1, and irrigating and fertilizing with the concentration of 0.5%;
c. and (3) moisturizing: during the growth period, the soil moisture needs to keep moist, and the growth later period can be properly reduced;
d. weeding;
e. transplanting and selecting seedlings: transplanting and selecting seedlings 3 months after seedling transplanting, and putting seedlings with consistent growth vigor together according to the growth condition of the seedlings;
6) grading according to the quality grade of the nursery stock: 1 year-old container seedlings are divided into I and II grades, and the quality grades are shown in a table 1;
7) seedling packing, labeling and transporting: 1a, the seedlings in containers are outplanted from 11 parts in the current year to 4 months in the next year, and the seedlings in containers are packed by black plastic bags after quarantine, and 20 seedlings in each bag are transported after the variety, the quantity and the grade are indicated.
And (5) carrying out quarantine according to the national nursery stock quarantine standard.
The method collects excellent seeds, seeds are sown and cultured, the seed treatment operation is simple and quick, the germination rate and the germination vigor of the seeds are high, the seedlings grow strongly and regularly, the seedling culture cost is low, the economic benefit is high, and the method is easy to master by the masses and is convenient to popularize and popularize.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A high-quality strong seedling breeding method for cyclobalanopsis glauca is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) seed harvesting and treatment
a. Seed collection: selecting a robust mother tree with the growth of more than 20a for seed collection, and collecting fruits when the fruits turn from green to brown;
b. seed treatment: spreading the harvested seeds in a ventilating, shady and dry place, separating the seeds from the peels and the pulps by a separation device, removing impurities, cleaning and fully airing;
c. seed preference: treating the seeds in clear water for 1-2 days, selecting the seeds immersed in the water, and airing;
d. seed storage: wet sand burying and storing the seeds by river sand, soaking the seeds by 0.5 percent potassium permanganate for disinfection for 30min before storage, and airing;
2) seedling raising
a. Selecting and preparing land for nursery;
b. building a bed: the seedbed is 20cm high and 120cm wide;
c. fertilizing and sterilizing: applying 800 kg-1000 kg of farmyard manure, 100kg of compound fertilizer and 200kg of phosphate fertilizer per mu, spraying 1% formalin on a bed surface, covering the bed surface with a plastic film, uncovering the bed after one week, naturally ventilating and airing the seedbed, turning the seedbed and making furrows;
d. accelerating germination of seeds: 1 month before sowing, digging a soil pit in a nursery, sterilizing seeds by using a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution, washing the seeds clean by using clear water, drying the seeds in the air, uniformly stirring the seeds and fine river sand in a ratio of 1:3, covering a clean straw curtain, watering the seeds thoroughly, spraying carbendazim for 1 time, covering a plastic film for moisturizing, and sowing after germination;
3) sowing in field
a. Sowing time: from 3 to 4 in the middle of the month;
b. sowing: sowing is carried out in a broadcasting, drilling or dibbling mode;
4) container transplanting
a. The specification of the container is as follows: the container is a non-woven fiber bag with the length of 15cm and the diameter of 12 cm;
b. matrix: peat soil, yellow core soil and perlite are selected as substrates, 1m3Applying 3 kg-4 kg earthworm compost on the substrate, uniformly mixing and bagging;
c. transplanting: the bud seedlings grow 2 cotyledons, the leaves are transplanted after turning green, and the seedling transplanting time is not longer than the middle ten days of May;
d. transplanting seedlings;
5) nursery management
a. Shading: after the seedlings are transplanted, shading treatment is carried out by using a 60% shading net, and the shading net is removed after 9 months;
b. fertilizing: fertilizing for 1 time per month in the seedling growth period, wherein the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio is 2:1:1, and irrigating and fertilizing with the concentration of 0.5%;
c. and (3) moisturizing: during the growth period, the soil moisture needs to keep moist, and the growth later period can be properly reduced;
d. weeding;
e. transplanting and selecting seedlings: transplanting and selecting seedlings 3 months after seedling transplanting, and putting seedlings with consistent growth vigor together according to the growth condition of the seedlings;
6) grading according to the quality grade of the nursery stock;
the separation device in the step 1) "seed treatment" is specifically an automatic kneading separation device, and the automatic kneading separation device comprises a separation box body, a feed chute, a kneading mechanism, a rotating mechanism and a cleaning mechanism, wherein the feed chute is arranged at the upper end of the separation box body, the kneading mechanism, the rotating mechanism and the cleaning mechanism are all arranged in the separation box body, and the kneading mechanism, the rotating mechanism and the cleaning mechanism are arranged up and down;
the kneading mechanism comprises a reciprocating cylinder, a linear guide rail and a triangular kneader, the triangular kneader comprises a triangular frame and kneading heads, and the three kneading heads are positioned on the same straight line; the rotating mechanism comprises a threaded rotating shaft and a kneading plate fixed on the threaded rotating shaft, and a plurality of kneading teeth are arranged on the kneading plate;
the earthworm compost utilized in the step 4) is prepared by utilizing an earthworm high-efficiency compost box, and specifically comprises a compost box body and a constant-speed feeding box arranged on the side surface of the compost box body, wherein a humidifying device, a heat preservation device and a three-stage adjustable ventilation device are arranged at the upper part in the compost box body, a living layer is arranged in the middle, a food layer is arranged at the lower part, a connecting channel is arranged between the living layer and the food layer, and the connecting channel is arranged between the living layer and the food layer;
the three-level adjustable ventilation devices are arranged on the front side surface and the rear side surface of the composting box body, each three-level adjustable ventilation device comprises two end connectors and three-level foldable ventilation plates which are connected between the two end connectors and arranged in parallel, the side surface of the composting box body is provided with an opening part corresponding to the three-level foldable ventilation plates, each three-level foldable ventilation plate comprises a large-hole foldable ventilation plate, a middle-hole adjustable ventilation plate and a small-hole adjustable ventilation plate, the three ventilation plates are sequentially arranged from outside to inside according to the sequence of the reduction of the ventilation holes, the upper ends of the three ventilation plates are provided with adjusting parts, the lower ends of the three ventilation plates are provided with fixing parts, the adjusting parts are provided with movable pressing parts, four vertical guide rails are arranged in parallel in each end connector, the four guide rails form three adjusting cavities, and the three adjusting cavities are respectively provided with the three-level foldable ventilation plates correspondingly, two ends of the adjusting part are respectively connected with the two guide rails corresponding to the adjusting part left and right in a sliding manner; the end connector is of a hollow square structure, sealing flashboards are further arranged at two ends of the end connector and located on the outer sides of two ends of the four guide rails, two guide rails on the outermost side of the four guide rails are single-sided guide rails, two guide rails on the inner side of the four guide rails are double-sided guide rails, and two ends of the adjusting part of each of the three vent plates are correspondingly connected with the two guide rails on two sides of the adjusting part in a sliding mode;
the uniform-speed feeding box is provided with a feeding hopper, the upper part of the uniform-speed feeding box is a material storage layer, the lower part of the uniform-speed feeding box is a water accumulation layer, the material storage layer and the water accumulation layer are separated through a draining screen plate, a horizontal pusher is further arranged in the material storage layer and comprises a material pushing cylinder, a material pushing rod and a plurality of material pushing plates arranged on the material pushing rod, and each material pushing plate is provided with a circle of material pushing teeth.
2. The method for breeding high-quality strong seedlings of quercus cyclobalanopsis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: reciprocating type cylinder and linear guide all establishes separation box up end, the triangle rub the ware pass through the link with reciprocating type cylinder's transmission end fixed connection, just triangle rub ware upper end with linear guide sliding connection.
3. The method for breeding high-quality strong seedlings of quercus cyclobalanopsis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the tripod consists of two inclined plates and a transverse plate connected to the middle position of the two inclined plates, and the kneading heads are arranged on the two inclined plates and the transverse plate.
4. The method for breeding high-quality strong seedlings of quercus cyclobalanopsis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the threaded rotating shaft is transversely arranged in the separating box body, and two ends of the threaded rotating shaft are respectively arranged in the threaded adjusting cylinder.
5. The method for breeding high-quality strong seedlings of quercus cyclobalanopsis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: arc-shaped coamings are integrally arranged on the left side and the right side of the kneading plate.
6. The method for breeding high-quality strong seedlings of quercus cyclobalanopsis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the humidifying device is characterized in that a humidifying pipe is arranged at the upper end of the compost box body, a row of spraying heads are arranged on the humidifying pipe, and the heat preservation device is a row of heating pipes arranged at the upper end of the compost box body.
7. The method for breeding high-quality strong seedlings of quercus cyclobalanopsis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the living layer sequentially comprises a bottom plate, a soil layer and an organic matter layer from bottom to top, the thickness of the soil layer is 2-3 times of that of the organic matter layer, the organic matter layer is in the shape of crushed chips after the straws are dried in the sun, and the total thickness of the living layer is 6-8 cm.
8. The method for breeding high-quality strong seedlings of quercus cyclobalanopsis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1), the proportion of the seeds to the river sand is 1:3, fresh wet river sand is firstly filled in the soil pit with the thickness of 10cm, then the uniformly mixed seeds are flatly laid in the soil pit with the thickness of about 30cm, the wet river sand is covered on the soil pit with the thickness of 10cm, and then the seeds are covered with the thatch for keeping the seeds wet frequently.
9. The method for breeding high-quality strong seedlings of quercus cyclobalanopsis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 4), the base part of the bud seedling is pinched and slightly lifted upwards in the seedling transplanting process, the root tip is cut by 2mm by using a small scissors, the bud seedling is protected from being damaged, the bud seedling taken out is placed in a container in order and is covered by a wet towel for later use; and then, punching 1 small hole in the center of the matrix of the seedling culture container by using a bamboo stick, wherein the depth of the small hole is 5-6 cm, then gently placing the bud seedling into the hole to stretch and not bend the root system, keeping the stem part of the bud seedling flat with the surface layer of the matrix, lightly pressing soil around the bud seedling, and thoroughly watering the root-fixing water.
10. The method for breeding high-quality strong seedlings of quercus cyclobalanopsis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 4), the proportion of peat soil, yellow core soil and perlite in the matrix is 1.5-2:1: 1.
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| CN111247900A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-06-09 | 郑州市农林科学研究所 | Method for rapidly releasing dormancy of quercus cyclobalanopsis seeds |
| CN112715086B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-04-26 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Papaya seed peeling and screening integrated device and using method thereof |
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| CN101715680B (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-09-07 | 宁波市林特科技推广中心 | Method for promoting culture of cyclobalanopsis glauca (Thunb.) Oerst. seedlings |
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