CN104956897B - Gaoligong mountain sealwort introduction breeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a Gaoligong mountain sealwort introduction breeding method and belongs to a traditional Chinese medicine planting technology. Gaoligong mountain wild sealwort tuberous roots are collected to be used as original mother seeds for breeding. The whole process is divided into three stages of mother seed processing, mother seed cultivating and seed seedling culturing. By careful processing, cultivation and breeding of the original mother seeds, blossoming and fruit bearing are achieved, mature seeds are harvested and stored, sowing and transplanting are then carried out in due time, and strong sealwort seedlings are obtained by breeding for field transplanting production or being reserved as mother seeds. The method avoids the problems that private excavating and coyoting cause nature protection area ecology damage, and traditional chinese medicinal materials are deficient at the same time, the two purposes are well achieved, and the method is a technology which is very practical and economical.

Description

Gaoligong Shan Mountain Rhizoma Polygonati introduces a fine variety breeding method

Technical field

The invention belongs to Chinese crude drug planting technology, especially a kind of Gaoligong Shan Mountain Rhizoma Polygonati introduce a fine variety breeding method.

Background technology

Gaoligong Shan Mountain belongs to Hengduan mountain range, mountain Gao Gushen, and ecological vegetation very abundant is the famous plant treasure-house of China, It is that many rare plants perch home.A large amount of ecosystem herbal variety resources are contained, wherein growing near snow line Be commonly called as by people and belong to liliaceous plant Polygonatum Kingianum Collet for the P. kingianum of " celestial being's meal " Hemsmsl its rhizome is used as medicine, it is sweet it is flat it is nontoxic, enter spleen and lung kidney channel, invigorating the spleen and replenishing QI, lung moistening, bone and muscle strengthening, qi-restoratives add intensive culture Yin and promoting production of body liquid, Spleen reinforcing.Due to there is obvious tonification effect, for many years coyoting is dug by private without limit, not only destroy ecological vegetation but also make open country Raw sealwort introduces a collection suddenly swashs reduction.The foundation of Gaoligongshan Nature Reserve, such phenomenon has obtained effective control, but Chinese crude drug is supplied Contradiction is needed to show especially out again.How can conservation of nature it is ecological, the market demand can be met again, accomplish that satisfactory to both parties neat U.S.A is one and needs The problem of solution.

The content of the invention

For the problems referred to above present invention aim to provide a kind of by the artificial introduction and acclimatization of the wild Rhizoma Polygonati of Gaoligong Shan Mountain The method that seed carries out breeding the expanding production that grows seedlings again is harvested afterwards.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：

A kind of Gaoligong Shan Mountain Rhizoma Polygonati introduces a fine variety breeding method, is bred as parent species with cadmium yellow essence tuber, and its feature is complete The process of process denominator kind, parent species are cultivated, seed seedling-raising three phases, and each stage is divided into following steps again：

The process of first stage parent species：Seed collecting → screening → shade is dried in the air → is stored.Winter takes the wild Rhizoma Polygonati tuber of Gaoligong Shan Mountain, Cut off and be put into after fibrous root conservation case, sorting after adopting back is rejected and is placed in the bamboo sheathing in sunshade greenhouse after failure, is put on shady and cool Place dries in the air slightly dry to epidermis, in putting the Nutrition Soil of moisture content 5 ~ 8% into, temperature control -1 ~ -10 DEG C storage, and note observation 2 ~ 3 weeks, examine Confiscate ANOMALOUS VARIATIONS and be original parent species；

Second stage parent species are cultivated：Plant → manage → adopt son → storage.Parent species block size ditching is pressed on seedling base, Ditch depth has dug after ditch and has first put the thick Nutrition Soils of 3cm and make base manure than kind of a block depth 10cm, puts down after parent species block upper cover thickness more than bud The Nutrition Soil of 5 ~ 6cm, then one layer of thin soil of lid, add a cover the fern leaf through drying with sun-proof, anti-unfirmly closing and moisturizing above thin soil, and Disposably pour permeable, note keeping soil moisture 10%, big ceiling to cover 30% shading screen later, Jing rudiments in 2 ~ 3 months are broken ground And go out, wait bud to pour the urea water of 1% concentration when growing to 15cm, urea water per 2 ~ 3 liters of young plant, allow soil moisture keep 15 ~ 20%, interval 3 weeks and pour a water thoroughly, whne Seedling grow to 60cm it is high when, wipe out thin and weak Seedling strain and leave strong sprout, in bloom after autumn, sight Reject when observing the bad petal of growing way, remaining 3 ~ 4 weeks good results, pick again select screen after impose containing doubled amount compound fertilizer Nutrition Soil Baconic：Every plant of 0.5kg of 1 ~ 2 year seedling, every plant of 1kg of 3 ~ 5 years seedlings, every plant of 1.5kg of 5 ~ 10 years seedlings；November picks selects Kind of bud deposit it is good abandon bad, December harvesting kind bud leaves plumpness and breaks up to more than 80% person, dries in the air to seed moisture proportion and drops to 8 ~ 15% When, put conservation case into, three layers of dry fern leaf separate two-layer seed, conservation case is moved into 5 DEG C of conservation room temperature control and protects storage；

Phase III seed seedling-raising：Seed plate program request → Seedling groove nursery → seedling box nursery → go out garden.Sowed before beginning of spring next year, In seedling rearing room, 8cm thickness Nutrition Soils are first put in seedlings nursing plate, by 10 × 15cm of seeding row spacing program requests, 1 ~ 2 seed, 2cm is covered again thick Nutrition Soil, shade 30%, 20 ~ 25 DEG C of temperature control keeps soil moisture 10 ~ 15%, sprouts after spending 3 weeks, when one core of leaf, transplanting Cultivate by strain spacing 15cm in nursery groove, be transplanted to again when Seedling length is to 20 ~ 30cm height in the nursery box in seedling growth greenhouse and train Educate, shading screen is removed after 1 year, practicing Seedling can go out garden migration land for growing field crops or the plantation of conservation base for 3 ~ 6 months.

Preferably：

The conservation case is papery, and length × width × height is 40 ~ 50 × 25 × 15 ~ 100cm.

Described Nutrition Soil is by weight：2 parts of 10 parts of mountain base soil, 5 parts of sheep stool and compound fertilizer, three adds after puddling uniformly Clear water makes moisture content up to 15 ~ 20%, wet seven days with the tight heap of plastic film capping, opens film airing and obtains final product Nutrition Soil.

The seedlings nursing plate is wooden, 100 × 50 × 10cm of length × width × height, and trying to get to the heart of a matter has permeable hole.

For wooden, notch and bottom land width 10cm, side wall high 12cm have three round footpath 0.5cm to described nursery groove on wall Air-vent, pitch of holes 2cm, away from bottom land 3cm, trough floor opens the permeable hole of aperture 0.5cm to lower row's air-vent.

For wooden, length × width × height is 40 × 40 × 40cm to described nursery box, there is that multiple aperture 0.5cm's is saturating on base plate Water hole.

When going out garden transplanting conservation base, broken case enters the pool, and swag specification length × wide × depth is 80 × 50 × 45cm, 4 casees one pools, The pool 80 × 80cm of spacing.

Rhizoma Polygonati is bred using this method of the present invention, the destruction to wild resource not only can be effectively prevented, and The healthy and strong amount of seedling for bringing out is big, is easy to intensive manufacture, and social benefit, economic benefit are double good, are a kind of ideal Rhizoma Polygonatis Propagation method.

Specific embodiment：

Embodiment：

Winter carefully takes the wild Rhizoma Polygonati tuber of Gaoligong Shan Mountain, notes that main root can not be injured, and cuts off to be put into after fibrous root and gets ready Specification for 40 × 25 × 15cm papery conservation case, the fern leaf for being placed through drying in case is rebasing, is put into after Rhizoma Polygonati tuber again Add a cover dry fern leaf.Adopt back after parent species sorting and reject and be placed in the bamboo sheathing in sunshade greenhouse after failure, be put on frescade dry in the air to When epidermis is slightly dry, in putting the Nutrition Soil of the moisture content 5 ~ 8% for handling standby well into, temperature control -1 ~ -10 DEG C storage, and note observation 2 ~ 3 weeks, to check and can be used as parent species plantation without ANOMALOUS VARIATIONS.The preparation of described Nutrition Soil is by weight：Mountain base soil 10 2 parts of part, 5 parts of sheep stool and compound fertilizer, three adds clear water to make moisture content up to 15% after mixing thoroughly, with plastic film tight heap wet seven is covered My god, open and be just obtained after film airing Nutrition Soil.By the size ditching of kind of block on seedling base, ditch depth is made more than kind of a tile height 10cm, lays the thick Nutrition Soils of 3cm in the ditch for having dug, and will put down and nutrition of the thickness more than 5 ~ 6cm of bud head is covered after parent species block Soil, then one layer of thin soil of lid, topmost add a cover the fern leaf through drying with sun-proof, anti-unfirmly closing and moisturizing, disposably pour permeable, after Note keeping soil moisture 10% or so.Big ceiling covers 30% shading screen, and Jing rudiments in 2 ~ 3 months are broken through the soil, and wait bud long The urea water of 1% concentration is poured during to 15cm, per 2 ~ 3 liters of young plant, allows soil moisture to keep 15 ~ 20%, be spaced 3 weeks and pour thoroughly Water, whne Seedling grow to 60cm it is high when, note observation, wipe out thin and weak Seedling strain and leave strong sprout, bloom successively after mid-autumn, it was observed that Reject during the bad petal of growing way, remaining 3 ~ 4 weeks good results, pick again select screen after impose the battalion containing doubled amount compound fertilizer Foster earth culture root：Every plant of 0.5kg of 1 ~ 2 year seedling, every plant of 1kg of 3 ~ 5 years seedlings, every plant of 1.5kg of 5 ~ 10 years seedlings.Pick between November and select kind Bud, rejects bad person, December timely collecting is ripe to plant bud, leaves plumpness and breaks up to more than 80%, dries in the air to seed moisture proportion When dropping to 8 ~ 15%, the conservation case of 50 × 25 × 100cm specifications is put into, three layers of dry fern leaf separate two-layer seed, conservation case 5 DEG C of shift-in conservation room temperature control protects storage；Sowed before beginning of spring next year.

It is 100 × 50 × 10cm seedlings nursing plates to place in nursery room with specification made by Birch thin plate, and trying to get to the heart of a matter, there have to be permeable Hole；First the Nutrition Soil got ready is put into into thickness 8cm in seedlings nursing plate, and by 10 × 15cm of seeding row spacing program requests, 1 ~ 2 seed, covers 2cm Thick Nutrition Soil, shade 30%, 20 ~ 25 DEG C of temperature control keeps soil moisture 10 ~ 15%, sprouts after spending 3 weeks, waits to grow to the core of a leaf one When, it to be transplanted in wooden concave shape nursery groove and cultivates, concave shape nursery groove is made with Qi wood thin plate, 2 meters of flute length, bottom land and groove Mouth is wide to be 10cm, the high 12cm of side wall, there is the air-vent of three round footpath 0.5cm, pitch of holes 2cm on the wall of side；Lower row's air-vent away from Bottom land 3cm, the permeable hole for also having multiple aperture 0.5cm in trough floor；Seedling is transplanted to by spacing in the rows 15cm and fills educating for Nutrition Soil In Seedling groove, when Seedling grow to 20 ~ 30cm it is high when be transplanted to Qi wooden ground specification in seedling rearing room for 40 × 40 × 40cm nursery box Middle cultivation, the permeable hole for having multiple aperture 0.5cm on base plate, 50% shade removes shading screen after 1 year, practice Seedling 3 ~ 6 months, just Garden can be gone out and move on to land for growing field crops plantation, Rhizoma Polygonati tuber is taken after 3 years.The Seedling for going out garden can also be transplanted to the plantation of conservation base, be stayed Make to collect seed the female parent of son, case is broken during transplanting and enters the pool, swag specification is 80 × 50 × 45cm, 4 casees are transplanted on a pool, pool spacing 80 × 80cm。

Claims (6)

1. a kind of Gaoligong Shan Mountain Rhizoma Polygonati introduces a fine variety breeding method, it is characterised in that bred as parent species with cadmium yellow essence tuber, step is such as Under：

The process of first stage parent species：Winter takes the wild Rhizoma Polygonati tuber of Gaoligong Shan Mountain, cuts off and be put into after fibrous root conservation case, after adopting back Sorting reject failure after be placed in the bamboo sheathing in sunshade greenhouse, be put on frescade and dry in the air slightly dry to epidermis, put into moisture content 5 ~ In 8% Nutrition Soil, temperature control -1 ~ -10 DEG C storage, and note observation 2 ~ 3 weeks, to check and be original parent species without ANOMALOUS VARIATIONS；

Second stage parent species are cultivated：Parent species block size ditching is pressed on seedling base, ditch depth has been dug after ditch first than kind of a block depth 10cm Put the thick Nutrition Soils of 3cm and make base manure, put down the Nutrition Soil that upper cover thickness after parent species block exceedes 5 ~ 6cm of bud head, then one layer of lid is thin Soil, adds a cover the fern leaf through drying with sun-proof, anti-unfirmly closing and moisturizing above thin soil, and disposably pours permeable, notes keeping later Soil moisture 10%, big ceiling covers 30% shading screen, and Jing rudiments in 2 ~ 3 months are broken through the soil, and wait bud to pour once when growing to 15cm The urea water of 1% concentration, urea water allows soil moisture to keep 15 ~ 20% per 2 ~ 3 liters of young plant, is spaced 3 weeks and pours thoroughly a water, Whne Seedling grow to 60cm it is high when, wipe out thin and weak Seedling strain and leave strong sprout, in bloom after autumn, it was observed that reject during the bad petal of growing way, Remaining 3 ~ 4 weeks good results, pick to select again and impose the Nutrition Soil Baconic containing doubled amount compound fertilizer after screening：Seedling is every within 1 ~ 2 year Strain 0.5kg, every plant of 1kg of 3 ~ 5 years seedlings, every plant of 1.5kg of 5 ~ 10 years seedlings；November pick select kind of a bud deposit it is good abandon bad, December harvesting kind Bud, leaves plumpness and breaks up to more than 80% person, dry in the air to seed moisture proportion drop to 8 ~ 15% when, put conservation case, three layers of dry Herba pteridii latiusculi into Leaf separates two-layer seed, conservation case is moved into 5 DEG C of conservation room temperature control and protects storage；

Phase III seed seedling-raising：Sowed before beginning of spring next year, in seedling rearing room, first put 8cm thickness Nutrition Soils in seedlings nursing plate, by strain 10 × 15cm of line-spacing program requests, 1 ~ 2 seed, covers 2cm thickness Nutrition Soils again, and shade 30%, 20 ~ 25 DEG C of temperature control keeps soil moisture 10 ~ 15%, sprout after spending 3 weeks, when one core of leaf, be transplanted in nursery groove and cultivated by strain spacing 15cm, treat Seedling length to 20 ~ It is transplanted to again during 30cm height in the nursery box in seedling growth greenhouse and cultivates, shading screen is removed after 1 year, practicing Seedling can goes out garden in 3 ~ 6 months Migration land for growing field crops or conservation base are planted；The above-mentioned Nutrition Soil for using is prepared as follows, and weight portion is：Mountain base soil 10 2 parts of part, 5 parts of sheep stool and compound fertilizer, three puddles uniform rear plus clear water makes moisture content up to 15 ~ 20%, is covered with plastic film Tight heap is wet seven days, and opening film airing, to obtain final product Nutrition Soil standby.

2. the Gaoligong Shan Mountain Rhizoma Polygonati as described in claim 1 introduces a fine variety breeding method, it is characterized in that conservation case for papery, length × width × height For 40 ~ 50 × 25 × 15 ~ 100cm.

3. the Gaoligong Shan Mountain Rhizoma Polygonati as described in claim 1 introduces a fine variety breeding method, it is characterized in that seedlings nursing plate is wooden, length × width × height 100 × 50 × 10cm, trying to get to the heart of a matter has permeable hole.

4. the Gaoligong Shan Mountain Rhizoma Polygonati as described in claim 1 introduces a fine variety breeding method, it is characterized in that nursery groove for wooden, notch and bottom land Width 10cm, the high 12cm of side wall, there is an air-vent of three round footpath 0.5cm on wall, pitch of holes 2cm, and lower row's air-vent is away from bottom land 3cm, trough floor opens the permeable hole of aperture 0.5cm.

5. the Gaoligong Shan Mountain Rhizoma Polygonati as described in claim 1 introduces a fine variety breeding method, it is characterized in that nursery box is wooden, length × width × height For 40 × 40 × 40cm, there is the permeable hole of multiple aperture 0.5cm on base plate.

6. the Gaoligong Shan Mountain Rhizoma Polygonati as described in claim 1 introduces a fine variety breeding method, when it is characterized in that garden transplanting conservation base, breaks case Enter the pool, swag specification length × wide × depth is 80 × 50 × 45cm, 4 casees one pools, the pool 80 × 80cm of spacing.