CN107501497A - 一种车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂合成方法 - Google Patents

一种车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂合成方法 Download PDF

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CN107501497A
CN107501497A CN201710749635.5A CN201710749635A CN107501497A CN 107501497 A CN107501497 A CN 107501497A CN 201710749635 A CN201710749635 A CN 201710749635A CN 107501497 A CN107501497 A CN 107501497A
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万江
陈重光
郑炜
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂合成方法,包括如下步骤:首先将聚四亚甲基醚二醇与聚醚改性有机硅加入反应容器并真空脱水,通入氮气,向反应容器中滴加二异氰酸酯,反应得到预聚体Ⅰ;将预聚体Ⅰ降温到60℃以下,把干燥好的多羟基羧酸加入到反应容器中,然后向反应容器中滴加二元醇,反应得到含亲水基团的预聚体Ⅱ;把预聚物Ⅱ降温到45℃,向反应容器中滴加二元胺,反应得到预聚体Ⅲ;向预聚体Ⅲ中加入有机胺中和成盐,之后加入经去离子水稀释的二元胺,搅拌30~60min,乳化得到固含量为30~45%的车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂;本发明制备得到的车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂在易剥离的前提下,还提高了车衣的耐水和耐老化性能。

Description

一种车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂合成方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚氨酯树脂合成方法,尤其是涉及一种车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂合成方法。
背景技术
可剥离涂料在汽车行业具有重要的使用价值和艺术价值,该涂料喷涂于物体表面后便形成了一种透明薄膜,该薄膜具有优良的延展性能,超强的拉伸强度,可在任意弧面上表现出理想的随行性等特点,而且不影响车漆本色;可提升车漆5%-20%的光泽度,这种保护膜除了能够隔绝外界不良因素的侵蚀外,还能够经受机械碰撞和摩擦,而在不需要保护时,可以很容易的将涂料剥离掉,使用方便。
现有技术对于材料表面的临时保护主要有两种,一是使用保护胶带,即在需要被保护的部位贴上胶带,然后进行喷涂、印刷、切割、抛光、组装等工序,当不需要保护时再将保护胶带撕掉。此工艺的优点是操作简单,容易剥离,但也存在一定的技术缺陷,例如:1、可剥离性差,对于形状不规则的材料不容易整张剥离,特别是材料边缘容易残留;2、效率低,耗材量大,给制造商增加人力成本和耗材成本等问题。二是,油性可剥离涂料,除了部分有机硅可剥离涂料外,其他种类的油性可剥离涂料均含有一定量溶剂,使用过程中的挥发不但浪费资源,还会对大气造成污染,更给施工环境中作业的人员带来健康危害,比如:常常含有苯、甲醛等对人体有害的物质,使用起来具有很大的危险性。
基于以上种种原因,水性可剥离涂料的研制势在必行。
发明内容
本发明目的是:提供一种车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂合成方法,其制备得到的车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂在易剥离的前提下,提高车衣的耐水和耐老化性能。
本发明的技术方案是:一种车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂合成方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1)首先将聚四亚甲基醚二醇与聚醚改性有机硅加入反应容器并真空脱水,脱水完成后,撤掉真空,通入氮气,温度控制在80~90℃,然后一边搅拌一边向反应容器中滴加二异氰酸酯,滴加完毕后在80~90℃反应1~2小时,得到预聚体Ⅰ;该步骤1)中采用向聚四亚甲基醚二醇和聚醚改性有机硅中滴加二异氰酸酯的方法,主要是让聚四亚甲基醚二醇和聚醚改性有机硅保持过量,以此来控制产物的分子结构;
步骤2)将预聚体Ⅰ降温到60℃以下,把干燥好的多羟基羧酸加入到反应容器中,然后向反应容器中滴加二元醇,滴加时间控制在0.5~1小时;滴加完毕后,再升温到70~80℃,反应2.5~3.5小时,得到含亲水基团的预聚体Ⅱ;该步骤2)中滴加二元醇的速度要控制好,以防止二元醇与异氰酸酯基团反应剧烈引起的温度骤升;反应时间要控制好,因多羟基羧酸熔点较高,故需要的反应时间不能低于3小时,很多反应采取NMP溶解多羟基羧酸,但是NMP已被欧盟标记为有毒,故配方中不采用;
步骤3)把预聚物Ⅱ降温到45℃,然后向反应容器中滴加二元胺,滴加完毕后,保持45℃温度0.5小时,得到预聚体Ⅲ;该步骤3)中降温是因为二元胺与异氰酸酯反应活性很高,温度过高很容易引起爬杆凝胶;二元胺采用滴加的方式是为了控制反应速度,使反应温和进行,并通过控制二元胺的加入量来控制预聚体的分子结构和分子量,保证树脂的耐水性;
步骤4)在搅拌的状态下向预聚体Ⅲ中加入有机胺中和成盐,再加入去离子水,之后加入经去离子水稀释的二元胺,搅拌30~60min,乳化得到固含量为30~45%的车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂;该步骤4)中通过成盐反应使产品可以均匀的分散于水中,形成稳定的乳液;二元胺溶于去离子水里加入也是为了使反应温和进行。
作为优选的技术方案,步骤1)中的二异氰酸酯包括异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、环戊二异氰酸酯、氢化苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的至少一种,异氰酸酯与羟基总量的摩尔比1.1~1.8:1,其中羟基来自聚四亚甲基醚二醇、聚醚改性有机硅、二元醇、多羟基羧酸。
作为优选的技术方案,步骤1)中的聚四亚甲基醚二醇的分子量为1000~2000,聚醚改性有机硅的分子量为1000~3000,聚醚改性有机硅与聚四亚甲基醚二醇的质量比为1:5~5:1。
作为优选的技术方案,步骤1)中二异氰酸酯与聚四亚甲基醚二醇+聚醚改性有机硅的摩尔配比为1.5~4.5:1。
作为优选的技术方案,步骤2)中的多羟基羧酸为二羟甲基丙酸或二羟甲基丁酸,羧基占参与反应单体总重的质量百分比为2~6%。
作为优选的技术方案,步骤2)中二元醇为1,4-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、一缩二乙二醇、丙二醇、甲基丙二醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇、1,4-环己二甲醇中的至少一种。
作为优选的技术方案,步骤3)中的二元胺为乙二胺、己二胺、异佛尔酮二胺中的至少一种。
作为优选的技术方案,步骤4)中的有机胺为三乙胺、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺或三乙醇胺。
作为优选的技术方案,步骤4)中有机胺与多羟基羧酸摩尔配比为1~1.05:1。
本发明的优点是:
本发明通过严格控制反应物料的配比、反应时间、加料顺序及反应原料的选择,使制得的车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂满足使用要求,储存稳定性好,具体是:
(1)通过控制主原料的加料顺序和加料方法(第一步采用二异氰酸酯滴加聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTMEG)与聚醚改性有机硅的方法,第二步引入亲水基团羧基和扩链剂二元醇,第三步引入部分二元胺形成脲键),得到分子结构控制较好,综合性能优异的产品,且生产工艺成熟稳定;
(2)通过选择聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTMEG)来作为聚氨酯分子主链,得到产物耐水性好,在主链中引入聚醚改性有机硅,得到的产物可剥性好;
(3)通过控制羧基含量以及羧基在分子主链上的分布,使合成的树脂耐水性好,并能长时间存储;
(4)通过控制加入二元醇的种类和含量,来提高树脂的耐老化性能;
(5)通过调整二元胺的种类及添加工艺,来提高树脂的耐老化性能和耐水性;
(6)通过调整聚醚改性有机硅与聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTMEG)的比例来满足树脂的可剥性;
(7)通过控制聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTMEG)+聚醚改性有机硅与二异氰酸酯的配比,调节分子链中软链段和硬链段的配比,使合成的树脂易剥离,同时可以满足施工所需硬度;
(8)通过严格控制各个阶段的反应温度和时间,合成工艺稳定,树脂性能稳定;
(9)通入氮气的目的是排走反应容器中的水气和空气,防止反应液被氧化和水参与体系反应。
最终树脂外观为乳白色带蓝光乳液,固含量在40%左右;耐老化三个月以上,常温水浸泡一周以上无明显变化,易于剥离;储存稳定性好,5~30℃储存时间大于半年。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
按以下步骤制备车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂:
配备原料:
原料 用量(g)
异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI) 45.1
聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTMEG) 50
聚醚改性有机硅 10
二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA) 6
甲基丙二醇 4.31
1,6-己二醇 1.2
乙二胺 2.62
三乙胺 4.52
有机铋催化剂 0.02
另配备适量的去离子水、丙酮;
聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTMEG)分子量约为1800,聚醚改性有机硅:聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTMEG)=1:5(质量比),羧基含量约为5%,有机铋催化剂催化剂含量约为0.01%,摩尔配比如下:异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯:聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTMEG):聚醚改性有机硅:二羟甲基丙酸:甲基丙二醇:1,6-己二醇:乙二胺:三乙胺约为3.8:1.0:0.5:1.0:0.6:0.3:0.7:1.0。
制得的树脂外观为乳白色带蓝光乳液,固含量在36%左右,乳液稳定性良好,耐老化三个月以上,常温水浸泡一周以上无明显变化,易于剥离。
实施例2:
按以下步骤制备车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂:
配备原料:
原料 用量(g)
异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI) 26.68
聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTMEG) 40
聚醚改性有机硅 20
二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA) 2.01
新戊二醇 1
1,4-环己二甲醇 0.67
己二胺 0.63
三乙胺 1.52
有机铋催化剂 0.02
另配备适量的去离子水、丙酮;
聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTMEG)分子量约为1000,聚醚改性有机硅:聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTMEG)=1:2(质量比),羧基含量约为2.2%,有机铋催化剂含量约为0.01%,摩尔配比如下:异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯:聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTMEG):聚醚改性有机硅:二羟甲基丙酸:新戊二醇:1,4-环己二甲醇:己二胺:三乙胺约为3.6:1.0:0.6:1.0:0.4:0.3:0.3:1.0。
制得的树脂外观为乳白色带蓝光乳液,固含量在39%左右,乳液稳定性良好,耐老化三个月以上,常温水浸泡一周以上无明显变化,易于剥离。
实施例3:
按以下步骤制备车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂:
配备原料:
原料 用量(g)
氢化苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI) 53
聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTMEG) 45
聚醚改性有机硅 15
二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA) 7.8
1,4-丁二醇 3.48
乙二胺 2.59
异佛尔酮二胺 1.52
三乙胺 5.88
有机铋催化剂 0.02
另配备适量的去离子水、丙酮;
聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTMEG)分子量约为2000,聚醚改性有机硅:聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTMEG)=1:3(质量比),羧基含量约为6%,有机铋催化剂含量约为0.01%,摩尔配比如下:异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯:聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTMEG):聚醚改性有机硅:二羟甲基丙酸:1,4-丁二醇:乙二胺:异佛尔酮二胺:三乙胺约为4.1:1.0:0.4:1.0:0.6:1.2:0.8:1.0
制得的树脂外观为乳白色带蓝光乳液,固含量在40%左右,乳液稳定性良好,耐老化三个月以上,常温水浸泡一周以上无明显变化,易于剥离。
综上所述,本发明通过选材,控制各个原料之间的比例及添加方式,使合成出的车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂耐水耐老化,无需添加其他填料或助剂即可轻易的从车漆表面剥离下来,耐老化三个月以上,常温水浸泡一周以上无明显变化,储存稳定性好。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效,而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下,对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此,举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变,仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (9)

1.一种车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂合成方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1)首先将聚四亚甲基醚二醇与聚醚改性有机硅加入反应容器并真空脱水,脱水完成后,撤掉真空,通入氮气,温度控制在80~90℃,然后一边搅拌一边向反应容器中滴加二异氰酸酯,滴加完毕后在80~90℃反应1~2小时,得到预聚体Ⅰ;
步骤2)将预聚体Ⅰ降温到60℃以下,把干燥好的多羟基羧酸加入到反应容器中,然后向反应容器中滴加二元醇,滴加时间控制在0.5~1小时;滴加完毕后,再升温到70~80℃,反应2.5~3.5小时,得到含亲水基团的预聚体
步骤3)把预聚物降温到45℃,然后向反应容器中滴加二元胺,滴加完毕后,保持45℃温度0.5小时,得到预聚体
步骤4)在搅拌的状态下向预聚体Ⅲ中加入有机胺中和成盐,再加入去离子水,之后加入经去离子水稀释的二元胺,搅拌30~60min,乳化得到固含量为30~45%的车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂合成方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中的二异氰酸酯包括异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、环戊二异氰酸酯、氢化苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的至少一种,异氰酸酯与羟基总量的摩尔比1.1~1.8:1,其中羟基来自聚四亚甲基醚二醇、聚醚改性有机硅、二元醇、多羟基羧酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂合成方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中的聚四亚甲基醚二醇的分子量为1000~2000,聚醚改性有机硅的分子量为1000~3000,聚醚改性有机硅与聚四亚甲基醚二醇的质量比为1:5~5:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂合成方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中二异氰酸酯与聚四亚甲基醚二醇+聚醚改性有机硅的摩尔配比为1.5~4.5:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂合成方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中的多羟基羧酸为二羟甲基丙酸或二羟甲基丁酸,羧基占参与反应单体总重的质量百分比为2~6%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂合成方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中二元醇为1,4-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、一缩二乙二醇、丙二醇、甲基丙二醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇、1,4-环己二甲醇中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂合成方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中的二元胺为乙二胺、己二胺、异佛尔酮二胺中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂合成方法,其特征在于,步骤4)中的有机胺为三乙胺、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺或三乙醇胺。
9.根据权利要求1所述的车衣用可剥离水性聚氨酯树脂合成方法,其特征在于,步骤4)中有机胺与多羟基羧酸摩尔配比为1~1.05:1。
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