CN107456981B - 一种废气脱硝复合催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种废气脱硝复合催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107456981B CN107456981B CN201710776503.1A CN201710776503A CN107456981B CN 107456981 B CN107456981 B CN 107456981B CN 201710776503 A CN201710776503 A CN 201710776503A CN 107456981 B CN107456981 B CN 107456981B
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- solution
- exhaust gas
- catalyst carrier
- teo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910003069 TeO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910019020 PtO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910018162 SeO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- JPJALAQPGMAKDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium dioxide Chemical group O=[Se]=O JPJALAQPGMAKDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-thiazole-5-sulfonyl chloride Chemical compound S1C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=C(C)N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VOADVZVYWFSHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium tellurite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Te]([O-])=O VOADVZVYWFSHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- YKIOKAURTKXMSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N adams's catalyst Chemical compound O=[Pt]=O YKIOKAURTKXMSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- LAJZODKXOMJMPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Te]=O LAJZODKXOMJMPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 pretreatment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910004039 HBF4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 28
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical group O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trioxide Inorganic materials O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021555 Chromium Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XJWSAJYUBXQQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C XJWSAJYUBXQQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=O HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021556 Chromium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002254 LaCoO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JTCFNJXQEFODHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ca].[Ti] Chemical compound [Ca].[Ti] JTCFNJXQEFODHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000809 air pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001243 air pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MAKDTFFYCIMFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium tungsten Chemical compound [Ti].[W] MAKDTFFYCIMFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/057—Selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/0573—Selenium; Compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/057—Selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/0576—Tellurium; Compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种废气脱硝复合催化剂及其制备方法,由钙钛矿型催化剂、助催化剂和催化剂载体组成;所述的钙钛矿型催化剂通式为ABO3,其A位上是稀土金属La和Y的混合物,B位上是过渡金属Cr、Mn、Fe和Co之一或其混合物;助催化剂是SeO2、TeO2和PtO2之一或其混合物,能防止钙钛矿型催化剂ABO3中氧原子为废气中硫原子替换引起的失活;所述的催化剂载体是TiO2、ZrO2、SiO2、SnO2、Al2O3、沸石和堇青石之一。用其10g装填在固定床催化反应器中,在300℃下处理挥发性有机物燃烧产生的含NO废气,NO的清除率为92.9%‑95.8%。本发明复合催化剂耐水分和抗硫污染性能好,使用寿命长,运行成本低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种废气脱硝复合催化剂及其制备方法,属于环保和新材料领域。
背景技术
根据北京市PM2.5来源解析最新研究成果,北京市全年PM2.5来源中,区域传输“贡献”约占28%~36%,本地污染排放“贡献”占64%~72%。在本地污染“贡献”中,机动车排放(31.1%)、燃煤(22.4%)、工业生产(18.1%)的比重占据前三位。其中,机动车除了直接排放PM2.5外,还释放PM2.5中二次气溶胶的“原材料”和“催化剂”。
据2015年全国环境监测工作现场会透露,机动车、工业生产、燃煤、扬尘等是当前我国大部分城市环境空气中颗粒物的主要污染来源,约占85%-90%。其中北京、杭州、广州、深圳城市的首要污染来源是机动车。即使大气污染物排放浓度达到控制排放标准,但大气污染物的排放总量仍然很大。目前主要是采取堵截和限制排放措施,更需要研究开发专门技术从源头上治理,减少大气污染物的排放总量。
大气中氧化氮对二氧化硫的吸收转换具有催化和协同作用,加强废气中脱硝技术研发,使氧化氮污染物在未排入大气之前就转化为氮气是当前治理雾霾的重要措施。近年来已公开了一系列采用钙钛矿催化剂脱除氧化氮、同时脱除氮和硫的氧化物、同时脱除氧化氮和烟碳颗粒物、同时脱除氧化氮、CO和有机物的发明专利。例如,西南化工研究设计院有限公司 在中国专利CN106492791A (2017-03-15)中公开一种中低温脱硝催化剂及其制备方法 ,催化剂包括超细二氧化钛、锶掺杂铈锰钙钛矿型复合氧化物、五氧化二钒、三氧化钨、三氧化钼和氧化锡;包头稀土研究院在中国专利 CN106423176A (2017-02-22) 中公开了柴油车尾气净化的负载型稀土钙钛矿催化剂及制备方法, 采用的催化剂活性组分为LaCoO3,催化剂载体为SiO2、Al2O3、TiO2、ZrO2、CeO2、Ce0.9Zr0.1O2、Ce0.9Re0.1O2中的一种或两种;中南大学在中国专利 CN106268296A(2017-01-04)中公开了一种掺杂的镧基钙钛矿型复合氧化物催化还原同时脱硫脱硝的烟气处理方法; 上海净球环保科技有限公司 在中国专利CN106111117A( 2016-11-16)中公开一种用于处理柴油机尾气NOX的SCR催化剂及其制备方法,将钙钛矿结构物质、钛钨粉和铝胶混合,加入聚乙烯醇与去离子水进行搅拌,在高速剪切乳化条件下进行制备涂层胶体;上海纳米技术及应用国家工程研究中心在中国专利CN105289639A(2016-02-03)中公开一种钴负载镧锰钙钛矿型一氧化氮氧化催化剂及制备方法,以稀土金属铈掺杂镧锰钙钛矿作为活性组分和载体,并加入另一活性组分钴;上海郎特电力环保科技有限公司 在中国专利CN103861581A(2014-06-18) 中公开了 钙钛矿型物质La1-xSrxCrO3、火电厂脱硝复合催化剂及其制备方法;中国科学院福建物质结构研究所在中国发明专利 CN103599789A (2014-02-26) 中公开了用于氮氧化物选择性催化还原的钙钛矿型催化剂,采用的钙钛矿型催化剂通式为ABO3,其A位上是金属La,B位为Ni,Fe,中的一种或两种组合; 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司在中国专利 CN102614780A(2012-08-01)中公开耐硫钙钛矿NOx氧化催化剂,催化剂通式为ABO3,其中“A”和“B”分别是一种或多种元素的阳离子,所述钙钛矿包含,一种或多种选自Tm、Hg、Na、Yb、Ca、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Cd、Ag、Tb、Ho、Y、Er、Lu、Pd、Ti、Cr、In、Pt、V、Li、Sb、Sc、Sc、Cu、Mg、Nb、Ta、Mo、Ru和Mn的A阳离子;和一种或多种选自Ge、Se、Tm、Ga和I的“B”阳离子;天津大学在中国专利 CN102000582A(2011-04-06)和CN101845306A (2010-09-29)中公开了抗硫钙钛矿催化剂的制备方法及应用,将La、Sr和Co的硝酸盐混合后,用柠檬酸和EDTA为络合剂,调节pH为4-5成溶胶后干燥焙烧制得钙钛矿样品,进行研磨筛选得到催化剂。
常用的NOx 的消除技术包括NOx 选择性催化还原技术 ( SCR) 、NOx 储存还原技术( NSR)和NOx直接分解技术,虽然都已在工业生产和机动车上商业化应用,仍存在对NOx治理不彻底和运行成本过高的问题。例如,广泛应用的氨还原NOx 选择性催化还原技术是用过量氨气将氧化氮催化还原为氮气排放,实际应用中存在大量氨气泄漏排放,与大气中NO和SO2反应形成铵盐,只是表面上解决了氧化氮尾气达标排放问题,同时又提供了生成PM2.5的原料。钙钛矿催化剂仍存在耐硫耐水性能差、使用寿命短和运行成本高的问题,需要对钙钛矿型脱硝催化剂进行优化改进,使钙钛矿脱硝催化剂的应用潜能充分发挥。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种废气脱硝复合催化剂,由钙钛矿型催化剂、助催化剂和催化剂载体组成,所述的钙钛矿型催化剂通式为ABO3,其A位上是稀土金属La和Y的混合物,B位上是过渡金属Cr、Mn、Fe和Co之一或其混合物;助催化剂是SeO2、TeO2和PtO2之一或其混合物;所述的催化剂载体是TiO2、ZrO2、SiO2、SnO2、Al2O3、沸石和堇青石的粉体之一或加工成型的蜂窝体。
本发明废气脱硝复合催化剂的质量百分比组成为:
钙钛矿型催化剂 3%-10%
助催化剂 1%-5%
催化剂载体 80%-95%
本发明废气脱硝复合催化剂中助催化剂是负载在催化剂载体上的纳米SeO2、TeO2和PtO2之一或其混合物,由其可溶性盐水解沉淀和热分解形成。主要作用是提高钙钛矿型催化剂的耐硫性能,其作用原理是能防止钙钛矿型催化剂ABO3中氧原子为废气中硫原子替换引起的失活。另一个功能是催化氧化NO废气,使部分NO转化为NO2,提高氧化氮废气的氧化度,以利于氧化氮废气后续的还原分解。
本发明废气脱硝复合催化剂中钙钛矿型催化剂负载在含纳米SeO2、TeO2和PtO2之一或其混合物的催化剂载体上,化学组成为LaxY1-xBO3,x=0.5-0.9,由镧、钇和过渡金属Cr、Mn、Fe和Co盐溶胶之一或其混合物热化学反应形成。纳米SeO2、TeO2或PtO2以及高比表面积的催化剂载体,具有良好的氧化氮吸附和贮存能力,从而克服了钙钛矿催化剂比表面积不够大的缺陷,显著提高了其对氧化氮的催化还原能力。
本发明废气脱硝复合催化剂中催化剂载体是比表面积为100-300m2/g的TiO2、ZrO2、SiO2、SnO2、Al2O3、沸石和堇青石粉体之一以及加工成型的蜂窝体。选用的催化剂载体具有很大的表面积和很强的吸附能力,能够贮存氧化氮,显著提高反应物浓度,对催化剂处理氧化氮具有协同作用。
本发明采用的原料亚硒酸钠、亚碲酸钠、氯铂酸钾、硝酸镧、硝酸钇、氯化铬、氯化锰、氯化铁、氯化钴、硝酸、氟硼酸、氨水、TiO2、ZrO2、SiO2、SnO2、Al2O3、沸石和堇青石粉等均为化学试剂。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种废气脱硝复合催化剂的制备方法,包括催化剂载体的预处理、助催化剂形成、复合催化剂形成三部分,采取的技术方案和步骤为:
(1)将催化剂载体加入含有阳离子表面活性剂和氟硼酸的水溶液中, 控制投料质量比为:催化剂载体:表面活性剂 :HBF4:H2O=1:0.01-0.2:0.2-0.5:30-50,在40-50℃下搅拌使催化剂载体表面活化4-8h,然后过滤、洗涤、烘干备用;
(2)分别将化学试剂亚硒酸钠、亚碲酸钠、氯铂酸钾、硝酸镧、硝酸钇、过渡金属盐和硝酸溶于去离子水中配制成0.5mol/L的溶液备用;
(3)在搅拌下将经过预处理的催化剂载体加入亚硒酸钠、亚碲酸钠或氯铂酸钾溶液中浸渍,控制投料质量比为:催化剂载体:(SeO2、TeO2和PtO2)=1:0.02-0.1,搅拌吸附0.5-1h,然后缓慢滴加硝酸溶液,在催化剂载体上形成SeO2、TeO2和PtO2之一或其混合物的水合沉淀,用去离子水洗涤除去生成的盐分,将催化剂载体烘干,进一步在300-400℃下灼烧0.5-1h,水合沉淀物完全脱水形成氧化物,自然冷却后形成助催化剂;
(4)向硝酸镧和硝酸钇混合溶液中加入过渡金属盐溶液,再加入柠檬酸溶液,控制投料摩尔比为:B:La:Y:有机酸=1:0.5-0.9:0.1-0.5:2.0-2.5,搅拌混合0.5-1h,形成钙钛矿型溶胶LaxY1-xBO3,x=0.5-0.9;
(5)向钙钛矿溶胶中加入助催化剂,控制投料摩尔比为:LaxY1-xBO3:(SeO2、 TeO2和PtO2)=1:0.05-0.2,搅拌吸附0.5-1h,然后缓慢蒸发悬浮溶液形成凝胶,将凝胶烘干,进一步在500-600℃下灼烧1-2h,使柠檬酸分解,使稀土和过渡金属氧化物进行热化学反应形成钙钛矿结构,自然冷却后形成复合催化剂。
本发明废气脱硝复合催化剂可应用于硝酸氧化法生产乙醛酸、草酸和己二酸过程中氧化氮尾气净化处理;可应用于渣油裂解、煤炭燃烧、挥发性溶剂燃烧过程中氧化氮尾气净化处理;也可应用于机动车尾气净化处理。
采用本发明复合催化剂处理含NOx废气的性能评价在固定床玻璃反应器中进行,通过加热电炉控制反应温度。原料气是挥发性有机物燃烧废气,废气组成为310 /m3 NO、44/m3 NO2、140/m3 SO2、110/m3 H2O、518g /m3CO2 、216 g /m3O2 、786 g /m3 N2。在模拟处理反应器中装填催化剂10g,在250-300℃下处理废气,总流量为0.2 m3 /h,采用气相色谱仪检测进出口的NOx浓度,NOx 由进口处的平均 354 mg /m3 下降至出口处的 15-25mg /m3 ,NO的脱除率为 92.9%-95.8%。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明复合催化剂不依赖外加NH3还原组分进行NO还原,无二次污染问题;
(2)本发明复合催化剂耐水分和抗硫污染性能好,使用寿命长,运行成本低。
具体实施方式
实施例1
将催化剂载体ZrO2 100g加入含有阳离子表面活性剂十二烷基三甲基溴化铵0.4g和氟硼酸1g和水1000g的水溶液中,在40-50℃下搅拌使ZrO2表面活化4h,然后过滤、洗涤、烘干备用。分别将化学试剂亚硒酸钠3.4g(0.02mol)、硝酸镧29.3g(0.05mol)、硝酸钇19.2g(0.05mol)、氯化钴16.6g(0.1mol)和柠檬酸38.4g(0.2mol)溶于去离子水中配制成0.5mol/L的溶液备用。
在搅拌下将经过预处理的ZrO2载体100g加入亚硒酸钠溶液中浸渍搅拌吸附1h,然后缓慢滴加稀硝酸溶液至使溶液pH为3-4沉淀完全,在ZrO2载体上形成SeO2沉淀,用去离子水洗涤除去生成的硝酸钠,将ZrO2载体烘干,进一步在300-400℃下灼烧1h,自然冷却后形成SeO2 /ZrO2助催化剂。
将以上制备的硝酸镧和硝酸钇溶液混合,分别加入氯化钴溶液和柠檬酸溶液,搅拌混合1h,形成La0.5Y0.5CoO3钙钛矿溶胶;再加入SeO2 /ZrO2助催化剂,搅拌吸附1h,然后缓慢蒸发悬浮溶液形成凝胶,将凝胶烘干,进一步在500-600℃下灼烧2h,自然冷却后形成ZrO2负载的SeO2 / La0.5Y0.5CoO3复合催化剂。用其10g装填在固定床催化反应器中,在300℃下处理含NO的挥发性有机物燃烧废气,NO的清除率为95.8%。
实施例2
将催化剂载体Al2O3 100g加入含有阳离子表面活性剂十二烷基三甲基溴化铵0.4g和氟硼酸1g和水1000g的水溶液中,在40-50℃下搅拌使Al2O3表面活化8h,然后过滤、洗涤、烘干备用。分别将化学试剂亚碲酸钠2.2g(0.01mol)、硝酸镧46.8g(0.08mol)、硝酸钇7.7g(0.02mol)、三氯化铬15.5g(0.1mol)和柠檬酸48g(0.25mol)溶于去离子水中配制成0.5mol/L的溶液备用。
在搅拌下将经过预处理的Al2O3载体100g加入亚碲酸钠溶液中浸渍,搅拌吸附0.5h,然后缓慢滴加稀硝酸溶液至使溶液pH为3-4沉淀完全,在Al2O3载体上形成TeO2沉淀,用去离子水洗涤除去生成的硝酸钠,将Al2O3载体烘干,进一步在300-400℃下灼烧1h,自然冷却后形成TeO2 / Al2O3助催化剂。
将以上制备的硝酸镧和硝酸钇溶液混合,分别加入氯化铬溶液和柠檬酸溶液,搅拌混合1h,形成La0.8Y0.2CrO3钙钛矿溶胶;再加入TeO2/Al2O3助催化剂,搅拌吸附0.5h,然后缓慢蒸发悬浮溶液形成凝胶,将凝胶烘干,进一步在在500-600℃下灼烧2h,自然冷却后形成Al2O3负载的TeO2 /La0.8Y0.2CrO3复合催化剂。用其10g装填在固定床催化反应器中,在300℃下处理含NO的挥发性有机物燃烧废气,NO的清除率为92.9% 。
Claims (1)
1.一种废气脱硝复合催化剂的制备方法,包括催化剂载体的预处理、助催化剂形成、复合催化剂形成三部分,具体步骤为:
(1)将催化剂载体加入含有阳离子表面活性剂和氟硼酸的水溶液中, 控制投料质量比为:催化剂载体:表面活性剂 :HBF4:H2O=1:0.01-0.2:0.2-0.5:30-50,在40-50℃下搅拌使催化剂载体表面活化4-8h,然后过滤、洗涤、烘干备用;
(2)分别将化学试剂亚硒酸钠、亚碲酸钠、氯铂酸钾、硝酸镧、硝酸钇、过渡金属盐和硝酸溶于去离子水中配制成0.5mol/L的溶液备用;
(3)在搅拌下将经过预处理的催化剂载体加入亚硒酸钠、亚碲酸钠和/或氯铂酸钾溶液中浸渍,控制投料质量比为:催化剂载体与SeO2、TeO2、PtO2中的一种或多种的比例为1:0.02-0.1,搅拌吸附0.5-1h,然后缓慢滴加硝酸溶液,在催化剂载体上形成SeO2、TeO2和PtO2之一或其混合物的水合沉淀,用去离子水洗涤除去生成的盐分,烘干,进一步在300-400℃下灼烧0.5-1h,自然冷却后形成助催化剂;
(4)向硝酸镧和硝酸钇混合溶液中加入过渡金属盐溶液,再加入柠檬酸溶液,控制投料摩尔比为:B:La:Y:有机酸=1:0.5-0.9:0.1-0.5:2.0-2.5,搅拌混合0.5-1h,形成钙钛矿型溶胶LaxY1-xBO3,x=0.5-0.9,所述的B是过渡金属Cr、Mn、Fe和Co之一或其混合物;
(5)向钙钛矿型溶胶中加入助催化剂,控制投料摩尔比为:LaxY1-xBO3与SeO2、 TeO2、PtO2中的一种或多种的比例为1:0.05-0.2,搅拌吸附0.5-1h,然后缓慢蒸发悬浮溶液形成凝胶,将凝胶烘干,进一步在500-600℃下灼烧1-2h,自然冷却后形成复合催化剂。
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