CN107442137A - 一种复合纳米材料的合成方法 - Google Patents
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000002127 nanobelt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001661 cadmium Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- XIEPJMXMMWZAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nitrate Inorganic materials [Cd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XIEPJMXMMWZAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UOFGSWVZMUXXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Diphenyl-3-thiocarbazone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N=NC(=S)NNC1=CC=CC=C1 UOFGSWVZMUXXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LHQLJMJLROMYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium acetate Chemical compound [Cd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O LHQLJMJLROMYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- NKTZYSOLHFIEMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxido(dioxo)tungsten;lead(2+) Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O NKTZYSOLHFIEMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NMHMNPHRMNGLLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phloretic acid Chemical group OC(=O)CCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NMHMNPHRMNGLLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001124 trientine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 diethyl Alkene Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- AAQNGTNRWPXMPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium;dioxido(dioxo)tungsten Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O AAQNGTNRWPXMPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodate Chemical compound [O-]I(=O)=O ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKIIEJOIXGHUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium iodide Chemical compound [Cd+2].[I-].[I-] OKIIEJOIXGHUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical group NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241001101993 Tepa Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- YUKQRDCYNOVPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioacetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=S YUKQRDCYNOVPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940075417 cadmium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioacetamide Natural products CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMUIBVMKQVKHBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S].NC(N)=O Chemical compound [S].NC(N)=O PMUIBVMKQVKHBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tungstate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurothioic S-acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=S DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/04—Sulfides
- B01J27/047—Sulfides with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种复合纳米材料的合成方法,步骤一、将胺类试剂与镉盐,硫盐以及水搅拌至充分混合,然后加热合成CdS纳米带;步骤二、将得到的CdS纳米带与钨酸盐、钠盐、酸、水混合搅拌,使其充分分散,再通过加热反应,而后离心制得大面积复合纳米材料。本发明采用CdS纳米带与WO3纳米粒复合,这种特殊的复合纳米材料具有大的接触面积,有利于载流子的分离,且CdS纳米带与WO3纳米粒带隙匹配,提高了复合材料的光催化活性,具有优异的有机物降解能力与光催化制氢性能,重复性好,稳定,循环使用寿命长;合成方法简单,原料价格低廉,产率高,工业化应用前景好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合纳米材料的合成方法,属于环境工程及纳米材料技术领域。
背景技术
随着当今社会的快速发展,能源问题与环境问题也越来越突出,正逐渐影响人类的可持续发展。氢能源作为可再生的二次能源,可储存,且具有清洁、高效的优点,是公认的绿色能源,作为低碳和零碳能源正在脱颖而出。而从能源角度来看,光催化技术是一种在解决能源与环境问题方面有着巨大优势的绿色技术,其利用太阳能分解水来产生氢气和去除有机污染物,反应条件温和,无二次污染,净化效果彻底,光催化剂化学性质稳定、成本低、氧化还原性强、不存在吸附饱和现象、循环使用寿命长。近些年来,人们利用光催化技术在分解水研究方面取得了很大的进步,这也预示着人类利用太阳能进行光催化分解水从而获得大量的清洁无污染的氢能源,进而将向解决人类的能源与环境问题迈出一大步。
然而对于传统的光催化材料,其对廉价的太阳能利用率很低。如申请号为200910023544.9的专利公开了一种复合空心球CdS-TiO2光催化剂的制备方法及应用,但是其光催化效率低,制备方法复杂,无法推广应用。因此研究和开发效率高效的光催化材料是目前待解决的关键问题。申请号为CN105950140A的专利公开了一种制备Ag:ZnIn2S4发光量子点和光催化剂方法和应用,但是该催化剂所用材料较昂贵,不能大规模应用于实际,无法达到工业化使用的目的。
硫化镉被认为是优良的可见光光催化剂,其带隙可调控,制作成本低廉,接触的载流子运输能力使其在光催化领域有着可观的应用前景。但是其不稳定,会发生光腐蚀,大大影响了其在光催化领域的使用。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种复合纳米材料的合成方法,能简单快捷的在硫化镉基底上合成大面积复合纳米材料,合成得到的材料具有优异的光催化降解有机物和光催化制氢的性能,带隙匹配,重复性能好,稳定,循环使用寿命长。
为达到上述目的,本发明所采用的技术手段是:一种复合纳米材料的合成方法,步骤一、将胺类试剂与镉盐,硫盐以及水搅拌至充分混合,然后加热合成CdS纳米带;
步骤二、将得到的CdS纳米带与钨酸盐、钠盐、酸、水混合搅拌,使其充分分散,再通过加热反应,而后离心制得大面积复合纳米材料。
进一步的,所述步骤一中的水与胺类试剂的体积比为0.5~1:2,所述镉盐添加量为0.5~4mol·L-1,硫盐添加量为1~3 mol·L-1。
更进一步的,所述胺类试剂为二乙烯三胺,三乙烯四胺,四乙烯五胺中的一种或多种组合;所述镉盐为硝酸镉、氯化镉、碘化镉、醋酸镉中的一种或多种组合;所述的硫盐为硫代硫酸钠、硫粉、亚硫酸钠、硫脲、硫代乙酰胺、双硫腙中的一种或多种组合。
更进一步的,所述步骤一中加热温度设置在180~220℃,加热时间12~48 h。
进一步的,所述步骤二中,钨酸盐添加量为1~4mol·L-1,钠盐添加量为0.5~3mol·L-1,酸添加量与钨酸盐的体积质量比为0.2~1:1。
更进一步的,所述钨酸盐为钨酸钠、钨酸钾、钨酸铅、钨酸钙中的一种或多种组合。
更进一步的,所述钠盐为氯化钠、硫化钠、硫酸钠中的一种或多种组合;所述酸为盐酸、硫酸、醋酸、磷酸、硝酸中的一种或多种组合。
更进一步的,所述步骤二中的加热反应温度为20~220 ℃,加热时间为1~50 h。
更进一步的,所述步骤二中的离心转速为100~14000转/分钟,离心直至产物为中性时停止。
本发明的有益效果是:采用CdS纳米带与WO3纳米粒复合,这种特殊的复合纳米材料具有大的接触面积,有利于载流子的分离,且CdS纳米带与WO3纳米粒带隙匹配,提高了复合材料的光催化活性,具有优异的有机物降解能力与光催化制氢性能,重复性好,稳定,循环使用寿命长;合成方法简单,原料价格低廉,产率高,工业化应用前景好。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的阐述。
图1为本发明实施例1中CdS/WO3的TEM谱图照片。
具体实施例
实施例1
称取1mmol的氯化镉,2 g硫代乙酰胺,30 ml二乙烯三胺和10ml水加入烧杯中搅拌30min,然后180 ℃下加热48 h,合成CdS纳米带;
而后将合成的CdS纳米带与2 g钨酸钠,1 g氯化钠,30 ml水和2 ml盐酸混合搅拌30min,然后在220 ℃下加热24 h,获得的产物离心至中性,最后在烘箱中干燥10 h。
得到的产物TEM 图片如图1 所示。
将其置于大于420 nm光源下激发,产氢率达到15000μmolg-1h-1以上。
实施例2
称取2 mmol硝酸镉,3 g硫粉,30 ml三乙烯四胺和10 ml水加入烧杯中搅拌30 min,然后200 ℃下加热24 h,合成CdS纳米带;
然后将合成的CdS纳米带与2 g钨酸钙,1 g氯化钠,30 ml水和2 ml硝酸混合搅拌30min,然后在200 ℃下加热48 h,获得的产物离心至中性,最后在烘箱中干燥6 h。
将其置于大于400 nm光源下激发,产氢率达到20000 μmolg-1h-1以上。
实施例3
将3 mmol氯化镉、碘化镉、醋酸镉和硝酸镉混合物,4 g硫代硫酸钠、硫粉、亚硫酸钠、硫脲、硫代乙酰胺、双硫腙混合物,40 ml二乙烯三胺,三乙烯四胺,四乙烯五胺混合物和10 ml水加入烧杯中搅拌30 min,然后在200 ℃下加热12 h,合成CdS纳米带;
然后将合成的CdS纳米带与4 g钨酸钠、钨酸铅、钨酸钙混合物,2 g氯化钠、硫代硫酸钠、硫化钠混合物,30 ml水和3 ml盐酸、硫酸、硝酸混合物搅拌30 min,然后在200℃下加热48 h,获得的产物离心至中性,最后在烘箱中干燥12 h。
将其置于大于420 nm光源下激发,染料降解率大于95%。
实施例4
称取2 mmol碘化镉,3 g硫代硫酸钠,30 ml四乙烯五胺和10 ml水加入烧杯中搅拌30min,然后220 ℃下加热20 h,合成CdS纳米带;
然后将合成的CdS纳米带与2 g钨酸铅,1 g硫化钠,30 ml水和2 ml硫酸混合搅拌30min,然后在200 ℃下加热24 h,获得的产物离心至中性,最后在烘箱中干燥6 h。
将其置于大于420 nm光源下激发,杀菌率大于99%。
硫化镉被认为是优良的可见光光催化剂,其带隙可调控,制作成本低廉,接触的载流子运输能力使其在光催化领域有着可观的应用前景。但是其不稳定,会发生光腐蚀,大大影响了其在光催化领域的使用。本发明采用CdS纳米带与WO3纳米粒复合,这种特殊的复合纳米材料具有大面积接触面积,有利于载流子的分离,且CdS纳米带与WO3纳米粒带隙匹配,提高了复合材料的光催化活性,具有优异的有机物降解能力与光催化制氢性能,重复性好,稳定,循环使用寿命长;合成方法简单,原料价格低廉,产率高,工业化应用前景好。
以上是对本发明的较佳实施例进行了具体说明,但是本发明并不仅限于上述的实施例,熟悉本领域的科技人员在不违背本发明精神的前提条件下还可以作出种种等同的变型或者是替换,这些等同的变型或者替换均包含在本申请权利要求所限定的范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种复合纳米材料的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤一、将胺类试剂与镉盐,硫盐以及水搅拌至充分混合,然后加热合成CdS纳米带;
步骤二、将得到的CdS纳米带与钨酸盐、钠盐、酸、水混合搅拌,使其充分分散,再通过加热反应,而后离心制得大面积复合纳米材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合纳米材料的合成方法,其特征在于:所述步骤一中的水与胺类试剂的体积比为0.5~1:2,所述镉盐添加量为0.5~4mol·L-1,硫盐添加量为1~3mol·L-1。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复合纳米材料的合成方法,其特征在于:所述胺类试剂为二乙烯三胺,三乙烯四胺,四乙烯五胺中的一种或多种组合;所述镉盐为硝酸镉、氯化镉、碘化镉、醋酸镉中的一种或多种组合;所述的硫盐为硫代硫酸钠、硫粉、亚硫酸钠、硫脲、硫代乙酰胺、双硫腙中的一种或多种组合。
4.根据权利要求2所述的复合纳米材料的合成方法,其特征在于:所述步骤一中加热温度设置在180~220℃,加热时间12~48 h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的复合纳米材料的合成方法,其特征在于:所述步骤二中,钨酸盐添加量为1~4mol·L-1,钠盐添加量为0.5~3mol·L-1,酸添加量与钨酸盐的体积质量比为0.2~1:1。
6.根据权利要求5所述的复合纳米材料的合成方法,其特征在于:所述钨酸盐为钨酸钠、钨酸铅、钨酸钾、钨酸钙中的一种或多种组合。
7.根据权利要求5所述的复合纳米材料的合成方法,其特征在于:所述钠盐为氯化钠、硫化钠、硫酸钠中的一种或多种组合;所述酸为盐酸、硫酸、醋酸、磷酸、硝酸中的一种或多种组合。
8.根据权利要求5所述的复合纳米材料的合成方法,其特征在于:所述步骤二中的加热反应温度为20~220 ℃,加热时间为1~50 h。
9.根据权利要求5所述的复合纳米材料的合成方法,其特征在于:所述步骤二中的离心转速为100~14000转/分钟,离心直至产物为中性时停止。
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