CN107439170A - A kind of open field culture method of flowering bulb - Google Patents

A kind of open field culture method of flowering bulb Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107439170A
CN107439170A CN201610374798.5A CN201610374798A CN107439170A CN 107439170 A CN107439170 A CN 107439170A CN 201610374798 A CN201610374798 A CN 201610374798A CN 107439170 A CN107439170 A CN 107439170A
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China
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bulb
flowering
soil
culture method
open field
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CN201610374798.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
赵才标
顾俊杰
王生泉
沈强
王晖
张晓雪
胡伟
陈强
王庆
郑田丰
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SHANGHAI FLOWER PORT ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT Co Ltd
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SHANGHAI FLOWER PORT ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201610374798.5A priority Critical patent/CN107439170A/en
Publication of CN107439170A publication Critical patent/CN107439170A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of open field culture method of flowering bulb, this method carries out open country layering intercropping plant according to different flowering period to napiform root bulb, with reference to planting depth, planting density, implantation time, variety matching, soil improvement, the pipes such as the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control are supported, form the cultural method made between a kind of flowering bulb bulb open country layering, change the cultivation mode of existing flowering bulb individual layer plantation, accomplished between the flowering bulb of different female bloom dates is in the same period layered in same soil space, floral arrangement area space can effectively be utilized, increase flowering bulb views and admires the time, greatly prolong the viewing period of flowering bulb, save artificial, reduce cost, improve land area of one unit output benefit.

Description

A kind of open field culture method of flowering bulb
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cultivation field of flowers, and in particular to a kind of open field culture method of flowering bulb.
Background technology
Flowering bulb refers to the perennial herb flowers for becoming morphogenetic enlargement by subterranean stem or root, napiform root flower Also comprising a small number of aerial stems of plant or leaf the metamorphosis person of expanding occurs for grass once in a while.Flowering bulb species is enriched, and pattern is gorgeous, and the florescence is longer, Cultivation is easy, strong adaptability, is a kind of vegetable material more satisfactory in the arrangement of gardens.
Flowering bulb be usually used in flower bed, flower border, rock garden, basis plant, by, embellishing surface (aquatic flowering bulb) and Intersperse lawn etc..The flowering bulb of whole world cultivation has hundreds of, wherein about 10 sections of monocot genus plant, belongs to dicotyledonous plant About 8 sections of thing.By the organ morphology of under ground portion, bulb class, corm kind, tubers, tubers and root tuber class can be divided into.Lotus Tulip, the hyacinth of orchid, Japanese Lilium longiflorum, Chinese Chinese narcissus and lily etc., worldwide enjoy high reputation.
At present, flowering bulb exhibition is held in domestic many places, and still, the flowering bulb florescence of about two weeks is for viewing period For it is still too short, in order to effectively extend viewing period, improve input-output ratio, florescence of artificial adjustment flowering bulb turns into important Cultivation step, such as, select kind interval sowing, forcing culture Blooming and extend bulb rest period etc..
But the method at above-mentioned regulation and control flowering bulb florescence, generally planted in cultivation using individual layer, i.e., with a piece of soil One layer of bulb of upper laying, fails to make full use of soil space and nutritional ingredient, moreover, some florescence control measures, such as temperature control System and supplementary light, it is not suitable for the displaying of flowers open country.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of open field culture method of flowering bulb, changes the plantation of flowering bulb individual layer Cultivation mode, the flowering bulb layering of different female bloom dates is planted to the same space, floral arrangement area space can be effectively utilized, increase Add viewing and admiring the time for flowering bulb, save manually, reduce cost, improve land area of one unit output benefit.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of open field culture method of flowering bulb, comprises the following steps:
1) pretreatment of soil and bulb
Soil improvement:It is 5-8 sandy loam open country environment to select pH, is puddled, turned over 1-3 times with matrix and soil, turned over When first deep plough and plough shallowly again, deep plough 25-30cm, shallow plowing depth 15-20cm, soil sterilants is sprayed to soil during shallow plowing, mixing is equal It is even;
Select bulb and pretreatment:By at least two bulbs in flowering period selection early blossoming class, middle colored class and evening flower class, use Bulb bactericide soaking disinfection 15-20 minutes;
2) bulb is planted
When early winter temperature on average is less than 10 DEG C, 2~4 layers of bulb are planted upwards in the place away from native table depth 25-30cm, will The later bulb of flowering period is planted in intermediate layer or lower floor, planting depth 10-25cm, by flowering period bulb kind earlier Plant mutually wrong in upper strata, planting depth 3-10cm, the position of difference plantation interlayer bulb between 2-3cm, difference plantation layer Open, the bulb interval 5-10cm of same plantation layer, earthing is covered at the top of bulb after plantation;Wherein, the planting depth refers to native table To the distance of bulb bottom;
3) managed after planting
Seeding stage:After bulb kind enters in soil, soil sterilants is sprayed to soil again and carried out disinfection, and covers peat; When Second Year spring temperature is gone up to 8-10 DEG C, leaf bud is unearthed grows successively;
Grow animated period:Temperature leaf bud expansion, grows animated period into cauline leaf, sprayed every 1-2 weeks at 10-15 DEG C Bactericide, timely weeding, if meeting continuous rainy days, disease control need to be carried out to blade, petal starts to stop spray during coloring Apply bactericide;
The flower bud development phase:Weeds are removed, meeting drought needs to water, and meets the timely draining of waterlogging;
After blossom fall:Petal and bulb are removed in time, and sterilizing is carried out to surface soil using the natural high-temperature of summer.
Further, the bulb of the adjacent two layers plantation layer, flowering period differ 7-10 days, selection bulb in step 1) When, the middle colored class and evening spend class bulb, and its plant type is tall and big, and the early blossoming class bulb, its plant type is short and small, or the middle colored class With evening flower class bulb, its should not dense planting, the early blossoming class bulb, its suitable dense planting.
Further, bulb bactericide used, its component and percentage by weight are when being sterilized in step 1) to bulb:Gram bacterium Red 0.4-0.6%, procymidone 0.1-0.3%, carbendazim 0.3%-0.5%, surplus are water.
Further, step 1) and the soil sterilants sprayed in step 3) are tolelofos-methyl, and its dosage is 1.25- 1.5kg/100m2
Preferably, the matrix described in step 1) is peat and rice chaff, per 100m2Cultivated area uses 2-3m3Peat and 0.5-1m3Rice chaff, rice chaff passes through moise-heat sterilization, and the process of disinfecting is:Steam fumigates 6-8 hours.
Preferably, in step 3), when the seeding stage covers peat, the dosage of peat is 1.5-2m3/100m2
Further, the bactericide for preventing gray mold described in step 3) is the aqueous solution containing Mancozeb and procymidone, or The aqueous solution containing Mancozeb and carbendazim, two kinds of bactericide are used alternatingly.
Preferably, described bulb is selected from Muscari botryoides, pasqueflower, safron, hyacinth, snow drop flower, tulip, ocean 2-4 kinds in narcissus, flower fritillaria and lily.
In the open field culture method of the flowering bulb of the present invention, make between being layered using open country, common flowering bulb can The complete natural ball full, no disease and pests harm, without low-temperature treatment of bulb is selected using this implantation methods, during plantation.
Due to the florescence between the different cultivars of different types of flowering bulb and same class flowering bulb, plant type strain Height is all not quite similar, need to will be abundant to the flowering time and plant height of each flowering bulb so in Planting Design Understand, the florescence of two layers of bulb generally differs 7-10 days, so that it is determined that the plantation order and variety matching made between layering, generally kind Planting 2-4 kinds is advisable.
In the present invention in order that layering between make it is more convenient, and flowering bulb growth it is better, utilize peat and rice chaff The soil on plantation ground is improved, moise-heat sterilization must be carried out to purchasing the rice chaff come, kill the grass seeds mixed in rice chaff and disease Bacterium.In order to reduce the generation of disease after bulb is planted, it is necessary to carry out sterilizing to bulb.Fallen ill to prevent from having in soil Bacterium, such as rhizoctonia, which are infected, endangers bulb, typically with tolelofos-methyl, uniformly sprays disinfection, afterwards using turning over equipment Plot is planted to the flowering bulb for having added rice chaff, peat and bactericide and carries out Soil tillage, Soil tillage is carried out in two steps, first With deep ploughing 25-30cm, to break plough sole, breathe freely beneficial to draining, then ploughed shallowly again, soil block is refined, and with addition Matrix, soil sterilants are well mixed, and need to be carried out more than 2 times if there is the plot of soil texture poor (when i.e. soil block is larger) Turn over.
Because flowering bulb majority needs low temperature vernalization treatment normally to bloom, therefore, for the open country of flowering bulb Cultivation, the plantation of bulb is carried out when time early winter, temperature on average are less than 10 DEG C, florescence later flowering bulb is planted under Layer or intermediate layer, such as flower fritillaria, lily, hyacinth, tulip, hyacinth, planting depth are 10-25cm (i.e. native tables to kind The distance of ball bottom);By the florescence, flowering bulb is planted in upper strata earlier, such as Muscari botryoides, pasqueflower, safron, snow drop Flower, Ranunculus asiaticus etc., planting depth 3-10cm, the spacing distance of difference plantation interlayers is 2-3cm, the position phase of levels bulb Mutually stagger.
The present invention carries out powder-spreading and sterilizing again after during bulb kind is buried to soil, and covers peat, further improves Soil texture, make native table not hardened, simultaneously as being winter outdoor cultivation, the water evaporation quantity in soil is smaller, is entirely giving birth to It typically need not artificially go to water for a long time, unless extreme dry weather is run into, in the crucial rank of flowering bulb root growth Section, if rainfall is more, timely draining, causes root system to rot to prevent planting site ponding.Without extra in whole growth course Fertilizer is increased, the nutrient stored in bulb is capable of supply that normal growth, required nutrient of blooming.
After leaf bud expansion, grow animated period into cauline leaf, cold and heat air alternately frequently spring at a time when this, rainwater compared with It is more, and due to bulb open country be layered between make after, the leaves density of above-ground plant parts will be very big, it is easier to disease pest occurs Evil, so the ponding in planting site should be excluded in time,, need to be to ball if be all rainy days in continuous 1-2 weeks according to weather condition Blade after root flowers are unearthed carries out disease control work (the mainly preventing and treating of gray mold), sprayed every 1-2 weeks and once sterilizes Agent, for preventing gray mold, petal starts to stop spray during coloring, avoids producing poisoning influence flowering quality.
Into after the phase of admiring the beauty of flowers, weeds in field is removed in time, and meeting drought needs to water, and meeting waterlogging needs draining, because flower withers Petal (a collection of plant to bloom before particularly) can be scattered in later batch and bloom on plant or in planting site afterwards, to prevent germ Growth, keep clean and tidy, in time remove the petal withered.
Compared with prior art, the device have the advantages that:
1) present invention selects different types of napiform root to spend according to florescence selection bulb layering cultivation sooner or later on a piece of soil Grass bulb carries out layering cultivation, simple to operate, and soil space utilization rate is high, can be obviously prolonged the viewing period of flowering bulb, After being planted using layering, viewing periods of sight spot bulb flowers planted from individual layer two weeks or so, extend to one or two moon.
2) present invention sterilizes after bulb is planted and covers peat again again to soil in time, rationally control spray Frequency, rich water quality management is carried out with reference to the characteristics of multi-layer planting, avoid the pest and disease damage caused by planting density is excessive and occur.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
A kind of open field culture method of flowering bulb of embodiment, comprises the following steps:
1) pretreatment of soil and bulb
Soil improvement:Selection moistening, on the sunny side, the open country environment of wind sheltering, soil layer is deep, rich in organic matter, fertile, draining is good Good, pH is 5-8 sandy loam;Rice chaff with peat and Jing Guo moise-heat sterilization is puddled with soil, according to every 100m2Cultivated area makes Use 2-3m3Peat and 0.5-1m3Rice chaff, turn over 1-2 times, first deep plough when turning over and plough shallowly again, deep plough 25-30cm, plough shallowly When soil sterilants is sprayed to soil, it is well mixed to carry out disinfection.
Wherein, it is to the process of disinfecting of rice chaff:Steam is fumigated 6-8 hours, and the soil sterilants sprayed is methyl Withered phosphorus is found, its dosage is 1.25-1.5kg/100m2, concentration 20wt%.
Select bulb and pretreatment:Select complete full, no disease and pests harm the hyacinth without low-temperature treatment, tulip, Safron, Muscari botryoides and snow drop seeds of flowering plants ball, with bulb bactericide soaking disinfection 15-20 minutes.
Bulb bactericide used when being sterilized to bulb, its composition weight percentage composition are captan 0.5%, procymidone 0.2%, carbendazim 0.4%, surplus is water.
2) bulb is planted
When time early winter temperature on average is less than 10 DEG C, 4 layers of bulb are planted upwards in the place away from native table depth 25cm, under First layer hyacinth, second layer tulip, third layer safron and Muscari botryoides are up followed successively by, the 4th layer of snow drop is spent, no With plantation interlayer, the position of bulb is mutually staggered between 2-3cm, difference plantation layer, the bulb interval 5- of same plantation layer 10cm, earthing is covered at the top of bulb after plantation;The planting density of each layer of bulb is well grown to according to not influenceing flowering bulb Depending on principle, by taking tulip as an example, planting density is in 40-60 grains/m2
3) managed after planting
Seeding stage:After bulb kind enters in soil, spray soil sterilants again to soil immediately and carry out disinfection, and cover mud Charcoal, the dosage of peat is 1.5-2m3/100m2;When temperature is gone up to 8-10 DEG C, leaf bud is unearthed grows successively.
Grow animated period:Temperature leaf bud expansion, grows animated period into cauline leaf, sprayed every 1-2 weeks at 10-15 DEG C Once prevent the bactericide of gray mold, timely weeding, if meeting continuous rainy days, disease control need to be carried out to blade, petal starts Stop spray during coloring;Wherein, the bactericide is the aqueous solution of 800~1000 times of Mancozebs and procymidone, wherein, Dai Sen The mass ratio of MnZn and procymidone is 1:0.5-1, or the aqueous solution of 800~1000 times of Mancozeb and carbendazim, wherein, The mass ratio of Mancozeb and carbendazim is 1:0.5-1, two kinds of bactericide are used alternatingly.
The flower bud development phase:Except weeds in field is removed, meeting drought needs to water, and meeting waterlogging needs timely draining.
After blossom fall:Petal and bulb are removed in time, and sterilizing is carried out to table soil using the natural high-temperature of summer.
In the present embodiment, after carrying out multi-layer planting on same soil, mid-January snow drop the flowers are in blossom puts;The flowers are in blossom for 2 months sarranine Put, subsequent Muscari botryoides opens;Hyacinth at the beginning of 3 months opens;Mid-March, tulip opened, and had greatly saved soil space, The viewing period of bulb flowers is extended, compared with existing individual layer is planted, multilayer bulb cultural method of the invention greatly prolongs Viewing periods of sight spot bulb flowers.
Finally it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and it is unrestricted, although ginseng The present invention is described in detail according to preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those within the art that, can be to invention Technical scheme is modified or equivalent substitution, and without departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should cover In scope of the presently claimed invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of open field culture method of flowering bulb, comprises the following steps:
1) pretreatment of soil and bulb
Soil improvement:It is 5-8 sandy loam open country environment to select pH, is puddled, turned over 1-3 times with matrix and soil, first when turning over Deep ploughing is ploughed shallowly again, and deep plough 25-30cm, shallow plowing depth 15-20cm, sprays soil sterilants to soil during shallow plowing, is well mixed;
Select bulb and pretreatment:By at least two bulbs in flowering period selection early blossoming class, middle colored class and evening flower class, bulb is used Bactericide soaking disinfection 15-20 minutes;
2) bulb is planted
When early winter temperature on average is less than 10 DEG C, 2~4 layers of bulb are planted upwards in the place away from native table depth 25-30cm, will be bloomed Period later bulb is planted in intermediate layer or lower floor, planting depth 10-25cm, by flowering period earlier bulb plant in Upper strata, planting depth 3-10cm, difference plantation interlayer position of bulb between 2-3cm, difference plantation layer are mutually staggered, together The bulb interval 5-10cm of a plant layer, earthing is covered at the top of bulb after plantation;Wherein, the planting depth refers to native table to bulb The distance of bottom;
3) managed after planting
Seeding stage:After bulb kind enters in soil, soil sterilants is sprayed to soil again and carried out disinfection, and covers peat;Second When year spring temperature is gone up to 8-10 DEG C, leaf bud is unearthed growth successively;
Grow animated period:Temperature leaf bud expansion, grows animated period into cauline leaf, sprayed once every 1-2 weeks at 10-15 DEG C Bactericide, timely weeding, if meeting continuous rainy days, disease control need to be carried out to blade, stops spraying when petal starts coloring killing Microbial inoculum;
The flower bud development phase:Weeds are removed, meeting drought needs to water, and meets the timely draining of waterlogging;
After blossom fall:Petal and bulb are removed in time, and sterilizing is carried out to surface soil using the natural high-temperature of summer.
2. the open field culture method of flowering bulb according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the adjacent two layers plant layer Bulb, flowering period differ 7-10 days.
3. the open field culture method of flowering bulb according to claim 1, it is characterised in that selection bulb in step 1) When, the middle colored class and evening flower class bulb, its plant type are tall and big;The early blossoming class bulb, its plant type are short and small.
4. the open field culture method of flowering bulb according to claim 1, it is characterised in that selection bulb in step 1) When, the middle colored class and evening spend class bulb, and it should not dense planting;The early blossoming class bulb, its suitable dense planting.
5. the open field culture method of flowering bulb according to claim 1, it is characterised in that sterilized in step 1) to bulb Shi Suoyong bulb bactericide, its weight percentages of components are:Captan 0.4-0.6%, procymidone 0.1-0.3%, carbendazim 0.3%-0.5%, surplus are water.
6. the open field culture method of flowering bulb according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute in step 1) and step 3) The soil sterilants sprayed is tolelofos-methyl, and its dosage is 1.25-1.5kg/100m2
7. the open field culture method of flowering bulb according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the matrix described in step 1) For peat and rice chaff, every 100m2Cultivated area uses 2-3m3Peat and 0.5-1m3Rice chaff, the rice chaff disappears by steam Poison, the process of disinfecting are:Steam fumigates 6-8 hours.
8. the open field culture method of flowering bulb according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 3), the seeding stage is covered During lid peat, the dosage of peat is 1.5-2m3/100m2
9. the open field culture method of flowering bulb according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 3), what is sprayed kills Microbial inoculum is the aqueous solution containing Mancozeb and procymidone, or the aqueous solution containing Mancozeb and carbendazim, two kinds of bactericide alternatings Use.
10. the open field culture method of the flowering bulb according to claim any one of 1-9, it is characterised in that described kind 2- of the ball in Muscari botryoides, pasqueflower, safron, hyacinth, snow drop flower, tulip, hyacinth, flower fritillaria and lily 4 kinds.
CN201610374798.5A 2016-05-31 2016-05-31 A kind of open field culture method of flowering bulb Pending CN107439170A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109845606A (en) * 2018-12-28 2019-06-07 广西隆林荣光农业科技发展有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of lily
CN115581167A (en) * 2022-08-26 2023-01-10 姚安云秀花卉有限公司 Substrate cultivation method for cut-flower Chinese roses

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109845606A (en) * 2018-12-28 2019-06-07 广西隆林荣光农业科技发展有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of lily
CN115581167A (en) * 2022-08-26 2023-01-10 姚安云秀花卉有限公司 Substrate cultivation method for cut-flower Chinese roses
CN115581167B (en) * 2022-08-26 2023-06-02 姚安云秀花卉有限公司 Substrate cultivation method of cut rose

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