CN107322750B - 纤维板的制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种纤维板,其由含木质纤维素的纤维,尤其是木纤维和粘合剂制成,用于提供纤维板,其使得能够将高稳定性和相对较小的重量相结合,并且其仍可以用少量的花费来制造。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纤维板及其制造方法。此外,本发明公开了一种用于制造对应的纤维板的设备。
背景技术
由含有木质纤维素的纤维,尤其是木纤维,制成的纤维板及其制造方法是本领域技术人员已知的,因此在这一点上无需对规范进行引用。中密度纤维板(简称MDF板)典型地是由木纤维材料制成的板。根据欧洲相关规范,MDF板的平均原始密度为650kg/m3至800kg/m3。中原始密度超过800kg/m3的板被指定为高密度纤维板(HDF),中原始密度小于650kg/m3的板被指定为轻MDF。在中原始密度小于550kg/m3的情况下,可以说是超轻MDF。
典型地,中密度纤维板和超轻MDF板通过所谓的干法制造。根据该工艺,通过所谓的吹气管线胶合产生胶合和干燥纤维,该纤维的湿度含量小于12%atro,其中,备选胶合方法从现有技术中得知。备选胶合方法是例如搅拌器胶合和干纤维粘合。在纤维胶合之后,可替代地或可选地,将执行另一干燥操作。从现有技术来看,已知使用所谓的多组分纤维,例如,双组分纤维。这些是具有不同胶体成分的纤维,其可以例如通过温度而被活化。
然后干燥和胶合或混合纤维将例如通过撒布机分布以形成垫子。为此,典型地,将使用传送带,撒布机将纤维分散到该传送带上。在最后的加工步骤中,所形成的垫子将被压制,粘合剂将通过热输入而被硬化。通常,这是在连续或不连续操作的热压机上进行的。
然后,以上文所描述的方式制造的板带可以根据要求进行修剪和切割以形成各个板。
上文所描述的过程从现有技术中充分得知。
GB1129457涉及层压系统。GB2261845涉及由树脂和固化剂的混合物制成的模塑部件。US2008/0197536A1公开了由木纤维制成的模塑部件。这些由干燥的预成形的中间产物生成。该规范没有明确公开关于相对于产品高度和板厚度来设计尺寸的任何信息。没有形成板,但是干燥混合物被直接引入到模具中并且在其中固化。DE2364025涉及用于制造模塑部件的弹性体和纤维的混合物,其中,预混合物形成为纤维板,即,中间产物。EP0004999涉及由预制和稍微压缩的纤维板制造适合于深冲压的高度异形模塑部件。EP1110687涉及轻纤维板的制造。变形或其他细节不在这里公开。DE10153175描述了一种用于从非织造材料制造板的装置(installation),其中,在压缩模塑工艺中制造装饰件,用于生产异形管状门表层。US2013/0284357公开了蜂窝面板和蜂窝系统。它公开了例如将预制波纹板切割成条并且由其形成蜂窝。它还公开了已经在模具中被制成波状板的固化质量块。这是模塑产品的压缩模塑工艺。DE4342789公开了一种用于由可以被热压的滑动层垫子制造模塑部件的方法,该垫子是通过将纤维网的各个层叠在彼此顶部上来生成。
从EP1110687B2已知一种改进过程。这里所描述的方法涉及平均原始密度为60kg/m3至350kg/m3的轻纤维板的生产,这些纤维板用作建筑部门中的隔热板。在本文中,所描述的方法的特殊性在于形成原始密度分布,其中,获得了相对于纤维板的平均原始密度边界处的原始密度至少增加20%。这是在程序上得以实现,在于在压制操作之前用水喷洒垫子的盖面。因此,获得轻纤维板,其包括相对于其大表面的边界区域,其密度比平均原始密度高至少20%。这些边界区域的厚度典型地介于0.2mm至0.5mm之间。
此外,还已知制造对应的板,特别是夹心板形式的超轻MDF板。在本文中,外层由第一纤维/粘合剂混合物制成,中间区域由第二纤维/粘合剂混合物制成。因此,可以生产出关于它们的处置、处理以及进一步加工进行简化的板。
大多数不同类型的已知板用于非常不同的目的,垫子作为绝缘材料,HDF板用于填充、包覆、覆盖等。然而,已知的垫子和板由于其不同的密度和生产参数而包括非常不同的机械特性。需要尽可能轻但是非常稳定的板,但是迄今为止还不可能令人满意地满足这一需求。这些板机械性能很高,因为它们由于高压缩而通常具有大原始密度,因此它们很重,或者它们更轻,对应地更不稳定。已经尝试通过组合材料来找到补救措施。但是存在与过程技术和制造机器有关的局限性。
发明内容
基于上文所描述的现有技术,本发明的目的是提供一种纤维板,其允许相对较低的重量与高稳定性相结合,并且可以同时制造,而花费很少。
关于设备,该目的通过提出的纤维板来实现,一种由含木质纤维素的纤维、木纤维和粘合剂制成的纤维板,所述纤维板被设计为HDF板,并且包括延伸到至少一个方向中并且周期性地再现的固有稳定的三维变形,其特征在于所述板包括可以通过蒸气处理而被活化的粘合剂。其他优点和特征在子权利要求中得以公开。
根据本发明,提出了一种由含木质纤维素的纤维,尤其是木纤维和粘合剂制成的纤维板,其中,该纤维板包括延伸到至少一个方向中并且周期性地再现的固有稳定的三维变形。根据本发明的纤维板是由含木质纤维素的纤维组成的板状模塑本体。它基本上是板状的。虽然通常的板可以基本上被指定为具有平坦表面的长方体,但是该长方体由侧边缘和两个外表面限定,这些表面被放置在由侧边缘限定的平面中,本发明意义上的三维变形意味着板本身被变形到垂直于侧边缘的方向中,同时表面基本上彼此平行。在最简单的可想象的情况下,这些变形可以是简单的结构,例如,金字塔。然而,三维变形包括弯曲、角度、孔等。
本发明意义上的固有稳定意味着在其制造之后,板将在其变形状态下保持机械稳定,即,在变形可以被去除的意义上它将不会是柔性的。它可以包括一定的弹性,但是它足够坚固,使得它将维持其变形形状。
然而,延伸到至少一个方向中并且周期性地重现意味着变形将永久地继续并且沿着板方向中的一个方向重现。因此,板可以是波状的,或者它可以包括角度等。如果沿着板的方向截取横截面,使得可以从侧面考虑变形,则这示出了一种波浪、锯齿、矩形轮廓等。
变形可以相对于侧边缘倾斜延伸,其是设计的结果。原则上,它也可以被如此设计为与侧边缘中的一个边缘平行地延伸。
根据有利提议,该板将被设计为相对于原始密度的HDF板。它优选地包含例如15mm至20mm长的长纤维。
由于根据本发明的纤维板的设计,生产了填充相对于其原始密度的大体积的板。本发明意义上的空间体积指定由板填充的基本上长方体的空间。虽然原始密度或板体积是指板的固体物质,但是空间体积形成在于变形板的最上部和最下部突出部分上的平坦表面由周向侧边缘补充以形成立方体,其完全围合板。该长方体的体积明显大于由板本身的固体物质形成的体积。根据本发明的有利提议,体积量将超过板厚度至少3倍(the boardthickness will be exceeded at least by the factor 3 by the volume amount)。
根据本发明的板的特别优点是其将较高的机械性能和较小的堆积密度相结合。由于所产生的变形,板本身将变得机械上更稳定。通常已知的是,如果施加压力,则弯曲或翘曲元件沿着屈曲轴线是特别稳定的。但是在目前的情况下,由于其原始密度,该板也在变形方向上非常稳定和防破坏。
根据本发明的板具有显着扩大这种板的应用领域的优点。由于其与堆积密度相比较重量轻,因此例如可以将该板用作填充物。这样的应用领域例如在门和墙元件的制造中找到。由于其机械强度,表面可以通过钻孔来打开,并且它可以固持螺钉。它还可以固持钉子。
它可以直接设置有所谓的边缘,即,粘合到侧边缘上或以其他方式紧固到其上的条。由于三维变形,所以板在侧边缘上提供了相当大的紧固表面。
这些板也可以在夹心结构的范围内使用。它们可以通过将那些放置在彼此的顶部上来连接到类似的三维变形的板,并且可以以任何方式彼此固定。在本文中,以相互成角度的方式布置三维变形是有利的。如果包括例如波形轮廓的两个相同的板彼此连接,则它们可以彼此垂直放置在彼此的顶部上。以这种方式,获得多个接触点和具有同时非常小的板重量的相当大的空间体积。机械稳定性极大。
根据本发明的另一有利提议,根据本发明,平板可以被放置到三维变形板的表面上。以这种方式,如果平盖板例如是非常薄的HDF板,则获得相对于空间体积非常轻但非常稳定的板。关于该方法,本发明提出了一种方法,在变形和固化操作之前,立即设置温度和湿度。其他优点和特征在子权利要求中得以公开。首先,根据本发明,与现有技术相同,预定数量的干燥纤维/粘合剂混合物将分布在成形带上。通常,在此确定重量,并且分散后的材料将被压缩直到达到预先确定的数量为止。虽然在现有技术的这一点上,成形饼引入长压线,其中它被加热并且最终在烘箱中固化,但是根据本发明的方法将这些步骤转变成变形过程。
为了激活通常以双组分或多组分纤维形式引入到混合物中的粘合剂,需要活化温度和适当时的基本水分水平。在本文中,基本水分通常也是热处理的载体。
激活后,变形将发生变形在变型工位,其随后立即进行固化。
以尤其有利的方式,纤维饼将在到达变型工位之前不久用蒸气处理,由此粘合剂将被活化。在以下变型工位中,固化将直接在变形条件下发生。
根据本发明的有利提议,该工艺步骤将在一对辊之间进行。然而,本发明还包括备选解决方案。因此,只有一个辊子可以在垫子表面上工作,而相反的表面在平坦的地面上被推进。还可以在平坦的地面上向前推动垫子,并且通过借助基体、梁等周期地将在垂直方向上对其压印来使至少一个表面变形。
根据本发明的辊可以包括被设计成使得它们以对应的方式使纤维饼变形的表面。辊被加热,为此目的可以使用非常不同的方法。辊可以被电加热,填充热油,可以包括其组合,并且它们可以与补充的外部处理源(诸如例如,UV辐射、IR辐射等)、气体燃烧器等组合。变形在辊之间的活化纤维饼中实现,并且将通过立即固化来维持。根据植入技术,使用分离剂以防止纤维饼粘附到工作表面可能会有意义。
根据有利提议,开始通过使纤维混合物分散来使纤维饼变薄,并且完成板的固化的制造是连续的过程。根据有利提议,制造之后是成型工艺。本发明的基本方面是提供一种用于制造对应的纤维板的新型和创造性的成形工位。根据本发明,成形工位包括一对用于使活化的纤维饼变形和固化的辊。这对辊至少包括以上文所描述的方式加热的一个辊,其中两个辊包括被设计成使得它们能够将期望的变形压印到纤维饼中的表面。本文中,本发明意义上的术语“辊”必须被宽泛地定义,因为这些辊还可以是短皮带单元。
根据本发明的纤维板在用热和水分进行非常短的处理后固化。一旦变形,其形状保持稳定。它不需要任何网状物,并且总是可以再生产。此外,纤维板节约资源,并且可以回收利用。超过80%的组分是有机性质的。该板可以用不含甲醛的粘合剂制造,并且由于其高固有的稳定性,所以它也可以与其他轻质构造形成对比,可以在不需要任何框架的情况下来使用。由于该构造,它可以包括比相当的全部材料产品更高的稳定性,但是它同时用小的重量而填充大体积。此外,板可以设置有平滑均匀的表面,使得其可以直接涂覆或层压有不同的材料。
根据应用情况,根据本发明的纤维板特别适用于构造夹心产品。相同类型的纤维板可以相互放在一起。如果这些相对于彼此成角度地布置,则将产生具有大体积并且包括两个稍微变形的纤维板的配合物。平板也可以放在顶部。这种镶板导致非常稳定的元件。这些可以例如用作门叶等。虽然在现有技术中,通常在蜂窝构造等的情况下在整个表面上涂覆胶合物用于产生夹心配合物,但是因为通常喷涂胶水,所以本发明提议将胶仅涂覆到相邻板之间的最小接触区域上。可以想象的是将波峰磨平,然后例如通过辊、细长注射器、掩模等将胶水涂覆到波峰上,以便产生与另一波纹板或平板的接合。这种最小的胶合的结果是并非整个板被膜覆盖。蒸发较少,重量较轻,以及纤维板材料的材料特性可以示出其有效性。
附图说明
本发明提供了一种创新的纤维板以及创新的制造方法,其使得能够通过创新的制造单元以可管理的经济努力制造纤维板,其包括特定的机械稳定性以及相对于空间体积的小的重量。通过附图的以下描述,本发明的其他优点和特征将变得显而易见。其中:
图1示出了根据本发明的纤维板的示意性侧视图;
图2示出了根据本发明的纤维板的透视局部视图;
图3示出了夹心板的示意性侧视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了在所示的示例性实施例中包括渐进矩形波结构的纤维板1。示出了一方面作为板厚度2的尺寸设计以及另一方面的板高度3的尺寸设计的解释。板的高度与板的周长一起是计算板的空间体积的度量。很明显,通过仅包括厚度2的固有非常稳定的薄板1可以获得非常大的空体积。图2示意性地示出了具有基本上正弦变形进展的板4。
很明显,这些板在夹心构造中或作为单板都具有高的机械强度,同时具有小的堆积密度。
如图3中的夹心板的表示,其示出了根据本发明的波纹和变形板5的两个表面均层压有两个平板6和7。接触线沿着波浪组产生。指定为8的区域是连接区域,其中涂覆胶水。例如在将它们磨平之前,板5的峰可以被打平。可以通过辊,通过线性喷涂,通过掩模等将胶水涂覆到连接区域8上。夹心配合物通过随后的压制形成。对应的连接区域类似地形成在下平板的区域中。
所描述的示例性实施例仅用于说明而不是限制。
附图标记列表
1 板
2 厚度
3 高度
4 板
5 变形板
6 平板
7 平板
8 连接区域。
Claims (6)
1.一种制造由含木质纤维素的纤维、木纤维和粘合剂制成的纤维板的方法,其中,所述纤维板被设计为HDF板,并且包括延伸到至少一个方向中并且周期性地再现的固有稳定的三维变形,其特征在于所述板包括可以通过蒸气处理而被活化的粘合剂;具有线性单位的纤维板的厚度与具有线性单位立方的纤维板的体积之比为至少1:3线性单位平方,所述纤维板具有正弦变形进展,所述方法中,数量预先确定的干燥纤维和粘合剂将分布在成形带上并被预先压缩以及提供给变形区域,其中,定型所需的温度和水分将被引入到这些数量的纤维中,并且这些纤维在变型工位中在适当的压力下提供变形并且立即被固化,所述粘合剂将通过蒸汽处理而被活化;置于变型工位的辊与含木质纤维素的纤维和活化的粘合剂接合,以使所述这些数量的纤维和粘合剂变形为成形的纤维板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,开始于分布并且结束于定型的制造是个连续过程。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在变形和固化操作之前,立即设置温度和湿度。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,变形和固化操作同时实现。
5.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,一对辊用于变形过程。
6.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,固化的板之后被成型。
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PT3272480T (pt) | 2023-03-08 |
CN107322750A (zh) | 2017-11-07 |
EP3272480B1 (de) | 2022-12-07 |
US20180021977A1 (en) | 2018-01-25 |
CN112936499A (zh) | 2021-06-11 |
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