CN107318615A - A kind of soilless culture method of leafy vegetable - Google Patents
A kind of soilless culture method of leafy vegetable Download PDFInfo
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- CN107318615A CN107318615A CN201710362744.1A CN201710362744A CN107318615A CN 107318615 A CN107318615 A CN 107318615A CN 201710362744 A CN201710362744 A CN 201710362744A CN 107318615 A CN107318615 A CN 107318615A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The present invention provides the contents such as a kind of soilless culture method of leafy vegetable, including nursery, seedling separation, preparation nutrient solution, field planting, daily management, harvesting.The present invention is using seedlings nursing plate nursery, nutrient fluid cultivation, it is not necessary to soil, and the leafy vegetable that the inventive method is planted is pollution-free, is pollution-free food, and nutritious, and micronutrient levels is high, and the yield of vegetables planted is high, quality better；The growth cycle of leafy vegetable is short, and listing is fast, improves the income of vegetable grower.The vegetables that soilless culture comes out are pollution-free, are pollution-free food, the health diet theory for the person that caters to Modern consumer, have important practical significance and application value, with very big market prospects.
Description
Technical field
It is exactly a kind of soilless culture method of leafy vegetable the present invention relates to a kind of vegetable cultivation field.
Technical background
Soilless culture (soilless culture) is without soil, directly with nutrient solution or matrix come cultivated plant.In order to
Fixed plant, increases air content, and most of be used as using gravel, sand, peat, vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, wood sawdust etc. is fixed
Matrix.Nutrient composition is easily controllable in soilless culture.And can adjust at any time, in illumination, proper temperature without soil
Place, such as desert, seabeach, desert island, as long as there is a certain amount of water supply, just can be carried out.The suburbs of metropolis and family
Tank farming kind vegetable can be used.
The environment of soilless culture is the crop growth environment of artificial creation, then can replace the environment of soil.Use
The need for soilless culture can meet crop for conditions such as nutrient, moisture, air.
Soilless culture, growth of seedling is rapid, and seedling age is short, and root system development is good, and seedling is healthy and strong, neat, transplanting seedling time after field planting
It is short, easily survive.Whether substrate seedling or nutrient solution nursery, can all ensure that moisture and nutrient supply are sufficient, matrix ventilation is good
It is good.Meanwhile, non-soil culture is easy to science, standardized administration.But must be controlled to adjust well when cultivation, so
The growth of crop can preferably be promoted, and then make the yield more high-quality of crop better.
When material life is abundant enough, physical and mental health is as the new target of the mankind and pursuit.How to ensure that consumer can eat
Upper green, fresh, safe food, has been the task of top priority！With the continuous improvement of compatriots' living standard, a soundless drink
Food revolution is carried out.Green, pollution-free vegetable have been trends of the times, and will substitute common vegetable turns into daily vegetable consumption
Main flow, everybody is eaten, eaten everyday, Dun Dun is eaten, and everybody be unable to do without green vegetables, and average growth rate per annum surpasses 30%, and the market space is up to
350000000000！
The vegetables that soilless culture comes out are pollution-free, are pollution-free food, the health diet theory for the person that caters to Modern consumer, have
Important realistic meaning and application value, with very big market prospects.
The content of the invention
A kind of soilless culture method of leafy vegetable of offer of the present invention, the health drink of the of the invention person that caters to Modern consumer
Food theory, has important practical significance and application value.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
A kind of soilless culture method of leafy vegetable, it is characterised in that specific procedure of processing is as follows：
(1) variety selection：From disease-resistant high yield, anti-adversity is strong, wide adaptability, excellent quality, resistance to accumulating, meet target city
The kind of field consumption habit；
(2) nursery：Using conventional seed broadcasting nursery, concrete operations are as follows：
A, seed broadcasting nursery
A, presoaking and germinating
Vegetable seeds soak by seed soaking in warm water, different vegetable seeds, seed soaking time difference, during suitable seed soaking
Between：Lettuce class 3-4h, celery class 12h, when seed soaking time is more than 6h, centre should change 1-2 water；
Vernalization
General 18 DEG C~22 DEG C of leaf vegetables germination thermophilic, germination percentage is all higher in the range of 15 DEG C~25 DEG C, high
Warm season sowing happiness cools class vegetable seeds, must carry out low-temperature germination：First soaked 6-7 hours, washed by rubbing with the hands after pulling out with wet with well water
Bind up with gauze, vernalization at a temperature of being placed in 15 DEG C, or be placed in storage 24 hours in houshold refrigerator refrigerating chamber, then seed is put into shady place
Moisturizing vernalization；
B, sowing are sowed by the way of being broadcasted sowing in flat plate, are first spread one layer of vermiculite in square position bottom first, are poured
Sufficient nutrient solution makes vermiculite wet through in order to avoid vermiculite is loose and is lost in from bottom seedlings nursing plate, then repaves one layer of vermiculite and strikes off,
0.5-1.5cm space is reserved on seed plate top, seed is uniformly sprinkling upon in seedlings nursing plate, the requirement according to germination to light
And seed size covers the vermiculite of suitable depth, the vermiculite for the covering that light property or seed compare seedlet is thin, for big kind
Son or the vermiculite of photophobe seed covering want appropriate thick point, seedlings nursing plate are placed in into designated area, and covering one layer of ground above
Film or newspaper should take ground hot line heating to keep suitable temperature and humidity, when winter temperature is low, inspect periodically seed plate water
Divide and situation of emerging, matrix will keep the skin wet in time when dry, dismantled in time when having germination and ensure that substantial light is shone；
B, seedling management
A, nutrient management
Seedling growing in summer, pouring liquid number of times will suitably increase, and seedbed will often spray water moisturizing, and nutrient solution supply will be with water supply
It is combined, can be avoided because of Medium Culture salt accumulation excessive concentration using method that 1 clear water is poured after 1~2 nutrient solution is poured
Suppress seedling fertility；
B, nursery stage environment conditioning
(a) temperature
Using the preference temperature for maintaining growth of seedling daytime, the measure of low night temperature, nocturnal temperature should then reduce by 8 than daytime~
10℃；
Substrate temperature during germination is controlled at 15~25 DEG C；
Emerge as before and after leaf flattening, the warm control on class vegetables daytime of happiness at 12~16 DEG C of night, is liked cold at 20~25 DEG C or so
Cool vegetables are slightly lower；
After true leaf expansion, warm 25~28 DEG C of the dish class daytime temperature of happiness, 13~18 DEG C of night are kept；Happiness cools vegetables daytimes
18~22 DEG C, 8~12 DEG C of night；
During seedling, warm 25~30 DEG C of leaf vegetables daytime, 15~18 DEG C of night are liked；Happiness cools vegetables temperature treatment than happiness temperature
Class reduces by 3~5 DEG C；
(b) illumination
Sufficient illumination is conducive to the formation of strong sprout, and prevents excessive growth, and summer will suitably shade, to avoid seedling from burning
Wound；
(c) moisture
The suitable moisture of control is the material accumulation of increase seedling, the effective way of nurturing staff；
The water content of matrix should be kept before emerging 80~90%；The relative water content of matrix is control 60 after emerging
~80%；Seedling stage suitable air humidity is generally daytime 60~80%, night 85-90%；
Different bearing stage water supply in media content see the table below：
Nutrient solution or water are poured in seedbed should select the fine day morning to carry out, low temperature season nursery, and water or nutrient solution are preferably by adding
Temperature；
(3) seedling separation can carry out seedling separation when seedling grows to a leaf wholeheartedly, and matrix is chosen pine from bottom first, gently taken
Go out young plant to clean 1-2 times in clear water, be advisable so that root is cleaned up, it is to avoid root system is damaged, can be at 1000 times after cleaning
3-5min disinfections are soaked in first support or carbendazim solution, clamping seedling root neck portion with the clean sponge sterilized fills in
In implantation hole, spacing 5-10cm；
For can not seedling separation in time Plug seedling, to control the pouring number of times of nutrient solution, it is to avoid seedling excessive growth, Seedling density
Timely thinning is wanted when excessive；
(4) it is colonized
Preparation before a, field planting
Planting facility sterilization is by cultivation bed, and nutrition liquid pool etc. is rinsed well with clear water, then with 800 times of 84 thimerosal scouring
One time or spraying, with 800 times of carbendazim or first support soak sponge and rinse well, it is to avoid medicament residue damages root system；
B, compounding
More than 1/2 water is put into nutrition liquid pool, appropriate nitric acid or phosphoric acid is added, pH value is adjusted, No. 1 fertilizer is dissolved
Add in nutrition liquid pool and open water pump and be stirred more than 10min, then dissolve No. 2 fertilizer and add in pond and stir and supplement surplus
PH value is determined after remaining clear water, stirring 10min, acid adding or alkali are adjusted when pH value is undesirable, make pH value in 5.5-6.5
Between, EC values are determined after No. 3 fertilizer stirring 10min for adding respective amount, it is undesirable to be adjusted, make EC values in 1.8-
2.2ms/cm；
C, field planting
It can be colonized when seedling has 5~6 true leaves, the planting groove that scrub was sterilized is dried and can added half a day
Nutrient solution, selects neat and consistent, and the strong sprout that grows fine is colonized into field planting hole, and original sponge is less Jia one again
Block sponge is fixed, and the young plant of taking-up will be colonized in time, and outside can not be exposed to for a long time；
(5) daily management
A, holding plant are uniform in size：The daily upgrowth situation for checking young plant, the sick leaf yellow leaf of cleaning in time, growing way is slower
Seedling will be adjusted in time, and the plant made every effort on same cultivation bed is uniform in size consistent；
B, control proper temperature：When summer illumination is too strong and temperature is too high, the cooling measure that shelters from heat or light is taken,
C, humid control：Humidity can spray water usually than relatively low in the morning when hardened ground area big greenhouse winter heats
Humidification, makes humidity be maintained at 60%-70%, afternoon and evening will avoid high humility, in order to avoid cause disease to occur and spread, winter
Also to avoid nocturnal temperature too high during heating, keep 9-11 DEG C of day and night temperature；
E, light filling：When the continuous cloudy day occurs in weather, light filling measure is taken, to ensure plant healthy growth；
F, inspection nutrient solution：The pH value and EC values of the nutrient solution in planting groove are inspected periodically and record, when undesirable
To be adjusted in time；
Regular inspection system feed flow situation, feed flow is not smooth or to dredge in time during line clogging, and water pump can not be normal
Reason is searched during feed flow immediately, and is fixed a breakdown；
G, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：When pest and disease damage occurs in plant, environmental condition is adjusted, prevents disease from spreading, according to disease kind
Class and the state of an illness, are prevented and treated from suitable medicament, to change medicament kind or concentration when prevention effect is undesirable.
(6) plant harvesting plant grows to and can harvested when can meet commodity requirement, typically takes root system and plant
The mode separately harvested is carried out, and field planting plate is integrally removed, and is adjacent to field planting plate and is cut off root system, plant then is removed into progress again
Packaging.
A kind of soilless culture method of described leafy vegetable, it is characterised in that：
Described leaf vegetables vegetables are selected from romaine lettuce, Chinese cabbage, hare's-lettuce, Sheep's-parsley, capital water dish, spun gold mustard, Gynura bicolor, carry on the back day in vain
One kind in certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, leaf red beet, gold leaf beet, celery, wild cabbage, lettuce.
A kind of soilless culture method of described leafy vegetable, it is characterised in that：
The preference temperature such as following table of several vegetables nursery：
A kind of soilless culture method of described leafy vegetable, it is characterised in that：No. 1 fertilizer described in step (4) is nitric acid
Contain 1-1.5g in calcium, every liter of nutrient solution；It is several that No. 2 described fertilizer include potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium sulfate
The amount contained in fertilizer, every liter of nutrient solution is respectively potassium sulfate 0.2-0.3g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3-0.4g, magnesium sulfate 0.5-
0.6g, ammonium sulfate 0.21-0.25g；No. 3 described fertilizer are micro- fertilizer, and the amount contained in every liter of nutrient solution is ferrous sulfate 14-
16mg, boric acid 6-7mg, manganese sulfate 3-5mg, zinc sulfate 0.8-1.2mg, copper sulphate 0.1-0.3mg, ammonium molybdate 0.3-0.4mg.
The effect of the present invention
1st, the vegetables that the inventive method is planted are pollution-free, are pollution-free food, and nutritious, micronutrient levels
Height, yield of vegetables is high, quality better；
2nd, soilless culture method of the invention, growth of seedling is rapid, and seedling age is short, and root system development is good, and seedling is healthy and strong, neat,
Transplanting seedling time is short after field planting, easily survives, and the growth cycle of vegetables is short, and listing is fast, improves the income of vegetable grower.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1：
A kind of soilless culture method of romaine lettuce, specific procedure of processing is as follows：
(1) variety selection：From disease-resistant high yield, anti-adversity is strong, wide adaptability, excellent quality, resistance to accumulating, meet target city
The kind of field consumption habit；
(2) nursery：Using conventional seed broadcasting nursery, concrete operations are as follows：
A, seed broadcasting nursery
A, presoaking and germinating
Romaine lettuce seed is soaked 3-4h by seed soaking in warm water；
Vernalization
Romaine lettuce seed after immersion is washed by rubbing with the hands and wrapped after pulling out with wet gauze, storage 24 in houshold refrigerator refrigerating chamber is placed in small
When, then seed is put into shady place moisturizing vernalization, the row sowing again after bud shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
B, sowing are sowed by the way of being broadcasted sowing in flat plate, are first spread one layer of vermiculite in square position bottom first, are poured
Sufficient nutrient solution makes vermiculite wet through in order to avoid vermiculite is loose and is lost in from bottom seedlings nursing plate, then repaves one layer of vermiculite and strikes off,
0.5-1.5cm space is reserved on seed plate top, seed is uniformly sprinkling upon in seedlings nursing plate, is then covered a thin sheet of in seed overlying
Vermiculite, designated area is placed in by seedlings nursing plate, and above covers one layer of mulch film or newspaper to keep suitable temperature and wet
Degree, should take ground hot line heating, inspect periodically seed plate moisture and situation of emerging, matrix will be supplemented in time when dry when winter temperature is low
Moisture, dismantles and ensures that substantial light is shone in time when having germination；
B, seedling management
A, nutrient management
Seedling growing in summer, pouring liquid number of times will suitably increase, and seedbed will often spray water moisturizing, and nutrient solution supply will be with water supply
It is combined, can be avoided because of Medium Culture salt accumulation excessive concentration using method that 1 clear water is poured after 1~2 nutrient solution is poured
Suppress seedling fertility；
B, nursery stage environment conditioning
(a) temperature
Using the preference temperature for maintaining growth of seedling daytime, the measure of low night temperature, nocturnal temperature should then reduce by 8 than daytime~
10℃；
Substrate temperature during germination is controlled at 15~20 DEG C；
Emerge as substrate temperature control on daytime before and after leaf flattening in 20~22 DEG C or so, 12~14 DEG C of night；
After true leaf expansion, kept for 18~22 DEG C of substrate temperature daytime, 8~12 DEG C of night；
During seedling, kept for 20-25 DEG C of substrate temperature daytime, 12~15 DEG C of night；
(b) illumination
Sufficient illumination is conducive to the formation of strong sprout, and prevents excessive growth, and summer will suitably shade, to avoid seedling from burning
Wound；
(c) moisture
The suitable moisture of control is the material accumulation of increase seedling, the effective way of nurturing staff；
The water content of matrix should be kept before emerging 85~90%；The relative water content of matrix is control 75 after emerging
~80%；Seedling stage suitable air humidity is generally daytime 60~80%, night 85-90%；
Nutrient solution or water are poured in seedbed should select the fine day morning to carry out, low temperature season nursery, and water or nutrient solution are preferably by adding
Temperature；
(3) seedling separation can carry out seedling separation when seedling grows to a leaf wholeheartedly, and matrix is chosen pine from bottom first, gently taken
Go out young plant to clean 1-2 times in clear water, be advisable so that root is cleaned up, it is to avoid root system is damaged, can be at 1000 times after cleaning
3-5min disinfections are soaked in first support or carbendazim solution, clamping seedling root neck portion with the clean sponge sterilized fills in
In implantation hole, spacing 5-10cm；
For can not seedling separation in time Plug seedling, to control the pouring number of times of nutrient solution, it is to avoid seedling excessive growth, Seedling density
Timely thinning is wanted when excessive；
(4) it is colonized
Preparation before a, field planting
Planting facility sterilization is by cultivation bed, and nutrition liquid pool etc. is rinsed well with clear water, then with 800 times of 84 thimerosal scouring
One time or spraying, with 800 times of carbendazim or first support soak sponge and rinse well, it is to avoid medicament residue damages root system；
B, compounding
More than 1/2 water is put into nutrition liquid pool, appropriate nitric acid or phosphoric acid is added, pH value is adjusted, nitric acid is dissolved
Calcium, which adds in nutrition liquid pool and opens water pump, is stirred more than 10min, then dissolves No. 2 fertilizer：Potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate,
Several fertilizer of magnesium sulfate, ammonium sulfate are simultaneously added in pond and stir and supplement remaining clear water, and pH value, pH value are determined after stirring 10min
Acid adding or alkali are adjusted when undesirable, make pH value between 6.3-6.5, add No. 3 fertilizer of respective amount：Trace element
EC values are determined after fertilizer, stirring 10min, it is undesirable to be adjusted, make EC values in 1.8-2.2ms/cm；In every liter of nutrient solution
Containing calcium nitrate 1.5g, potassium sulfate 0.3g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3g, magnesium sulfate 0.6g, ammonium sulfate 0.25g, in every liter of nutrient solution
The micro- fertilizer contained is：Ferrous sulfate 15mg, boric acid 6.5mg, manganese sulfate 5mg, zinc sulfate 1.1mg, copper sulphate 0.3mg, ammonium molybdate
0.3mg。
C, field planting
It can be colonized when seedling has 5~6 true leaves, the planting groove that scrub was sterilized is dried and can added half a day
Nutrient solution, selects neat and consistent, and the strong sprout that grows fine is colonized into field planting hole, and original sponge is less Jia one again
Block sponge is fixed, and the young plant of taking-up will be colonized in time, and outside can not be exposed to for a long time；
(5) daily management
A, holding plant are uniform in size：The daily upgrowth situation for checking young plant, the sick leaf yellow leaf of cleaning in time, growing way is slower
Seedling will be adjusted in time, and the plant made every effort on same cultivation bed is uniform in size consistent；
B, control proper temperature：When summer illumination is too strong and temperature is too high, the cooling measure that shelters from heat or light is taken,
C, humid control：Humidity can spray water usually than relatively low in the morning when hardened ground area big greenhouse winter heats
Humidification, makes humidity be maintained at 60%-70%, afternoon and evening will avoid high humility, in order to avoid cause disease to occur and spread, winter
Also to avoid nocturnal temperature too high during heating, keep 9-11 DEG C of day and night temperature；
E, light filling：When the continuous cloudy day occurs in weather, light filling measure is taken, to ensure plant healthy growth；
F, inspection nutrient solution：The pH value and EC values of the nutrient solution in planting groove are inspected periodically and record, when undesirable
To be adjusted in time；
Regular inspection system feed flow situation, feed flow is not smooth or to dredge in time during line clogging, and water pump can not be normal
Reason is searched during feed flow immediately, and is fixed a breakdown；
G, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：When pest and disease damage occurs in plant, environmental condition is adjusted, prevents disease from spreading, according to disease kind
Class and the state of an illness, are prevented and treated from suitable medicament, to change medicament kind or concentration when prevention effect is undesirable.
(6) plant harvesting plant grows to and can harvested when can meet commodity requirement, typically takes root system and plant
The mode separately harvested is carried out, and field planting plate is integrally removed, and is adjacent to field planting plate and is cut off root system, plant then is removed into progress again
Packaging.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of soilless culture method of celery, specific procedure of processing is as follows：
(1) variety selection：From disease-resistant high yield, anti-adversity is strong, wide adaptability, excellent quality, resistance to accumulating, meet target city
The kind of field consumption habit；
(2) nursery：Using conventional seed broadcasting nursery, concrete operations are as follows：
A, seed broadcasting nursery
A, presoaking and germinating
Celery seed is soaked 12h by seed soaking in 20-25 DEG C of warm water, and centre should change 1-2 water；
Vernalization
Soaked seed is washed by rubbing with the hands and wrapped after pulling out with wet gauze, is bound up with gauze after pulling out, the refrigeration of refrigerator is put into
Indoor refrigeration 12 hours, then takes out vernalization in the environment of being placed in temperature less than 15 DEG C, the row sowing again after most of bud shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
B, sowing are sowed by the way of being broadcasted sowing in flat plate, are first spread one layer of vermiculite in square position bottom first, are poured
Sufficient nutrient solution makes vermiculite wet through in order to avoid vermiculite is loose and is lost in from bottom seedlings nursing plate, then repaves one layer of vermiculite and strikes off,
0.5-1.5cm space is reserved on seed plate top, seed is uniformly sprinkling upon in seedlings nursing plate, then one layer of leech of covering on seed
Stone, designated area is placed in by seedlings nursing plate, and covers one layer of mulch film or newspaper above to keep suitable temperature and humidity,
Winter temperature should take ground hot line heating when low, inspect periodically seed plate moisture and situation of emerging, and matrix will supplement water in time when dry
Point, dismantled in time when having germination and ensure that substantial light is shone；
B, seedling management
A, nutrient management
Seedling growing in summer, pouring liquid number of times will suitably increase, and seedbed will often spray water moisturizing, and nutrient solution supply will be with water supply
It is combined, can be avoided because of Medium Culture salt accumulation excessive concentration using method that 1 clear water is poured after 1~2 nutrient solution is poured
Suppress seedling fertility；
B, nursery stage environment conditioning
(a) temperature
Using the preference temperature for maintaining growth of seedling daytime, the measure of low night temperature, nocturnal temperature should then reduce by 8 than daytime~
10℃；
Substrate temperature during germination is controlled at 15~25 DEG C；
Emerge as before and after leaf flattening, daytime is controlled in 20~22 DEG C or so, 12~16 DEG C of night；
After true leaf expansion, 18~20 DEG C of daytime temperature, 8~12 DEG C of night are kept；
During seedling, 20~25 DEG C of temperature daytime, 12~15 DEG C of night；
(b) illumination
Sufficient illumination is conducive to the formation of strong sprout, and prevents excessive growth, and summer will suitably shade, to avoid seedling from burning
Wound；
(c) moisture
The suitable moisture of control is the material accumulation of increase seedling, the effective way of nurturing staff；
The water content of matrix should be kept before emerging 85~90%；The relative water content of matrix is control 75 after emerging
~80%；Seedling stage suitable air humidity is generally daytime 70~75%, night 85-90%；
Nutrient solution or water are poured in seedbed should select the fine day morning to carry out, low temperature season nursery, and water or nutrient solution are preferably by adding
Temperature；
(3) seedling separation can carry out seedling separation when seedling grows to a leaf wholeheartedly, and matrix is chosen pine from bottom first, gently taken
Go out young plant to clean 1-2 times in clear water, be advisable so that root is cleaned up, it is to avoid root system is damaged, can be at 1000 times after cleaning
3-5min disinfections are soaked in first support or carbendazim solution, clamping seedling root neck portion with the clean sponge sterilized fills in
In implantation hole, spacing 5-10cm；
For can not seedling separation in time Plug seedling, to control the pouring number of times of nutrient solution, it is to avoid seedling excessive growth, Seedling density
Timely thinning is wanted when excessive；
(4) it is colonized
Preparation before a, field planting
Planting facility sterilization is by cultivation bed, and nutrition liquid pool etc. is rinsed well with clear water, then with 800 times of 84 thimerosal scouring
One time or spraying, with 800 times of carbendazim or first support soak sponge and rinse well, it is to avoid medicament residue damages root system；
B, compounding
More than 1/2 water is put into nutrition liquid pool, appropriate nitric acid or phosphoric acid is added, pH value is adjusted, No. 1 fertilizer is dissolved
Add in nutrition liquid pool and open water pump and be stirred more than 10min, then dissolve No. 2 fertilizer and add in pond and stir and supplement surplus
PH value is determined after remaining clear water, stirring 10min, acid adding or alkali are adjusted when pH value is undesirable, make pH value in 6.0-6.3
Between, EC values are determined after No. 3 fertilizer stirring 10min for adding respective amount, it is undesirable to be adjusted, make EC values in 1.8-
2.2ms/cm；
C, field planting
It can be colonized when seedling grows to 15-18 centimetres, the planting groove that scrub was sterilized, which is dried, can add battalion half a day
Nutrient solution, selects neat and consistent, and the strong sprout that grows fine is colonized into field planting hole, and original sponge is less will again plus one piece
Sponge is fixed, and the young plant of taking-up will be colonized in time, and outside can not be exposed to for a long time；
(5) daily management
A, holding plant are uniform in size：The daily upgrowth situation for checking young plant, the sick leaf yellow leaf of cleaning in time, growing way is slower
Seedling will be adjusted in time, and the plant made every effort on same cultivation bed is uniform in size consistent；
B, control proper temperature：When summer illumination is too strong and temperature is too high, the cooling measure that shelters from heat or light is taken,
C, humid control：Humidity can spray water usually than relatively low in the morning when hardened ground area big greenhouse winter heats
Humidification, makes humidity be maintained at 60%-70%, afternoon and evening will avoid high humility, in order to avoid cause disease to occur and spread, winter
Also to avoid nocturnal temperature too high during heating, keep 9-11 DEG C of day and night temperature；
E, light filling：When the continuous cloudy day occurs in weather, light filling measure is taken, to ensure plant healthy growth；
F, inspection nutrient solution：The pH value and EC values of the nutrient solution in planting groove are inspected periodically and record, when undesirable
To be adjusted in time；
Regular inspection system feed flow situation, feed flow is not smooth or to dredge in time during line clogging, and water pump can not be normal
Reason is searched during feed flow immediately, and is fixed a breakdown；
G, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：When pest and disease damage occurs in plant, environmental condition is adjusted, prevents disease from spreading, according to disease kind
Class and the state of an illness, are prevented and treated from suitable medicament, to change medicament kind or concentration when prevention effect is undesirable.
(6) plant harvesting plant grows to and can harvested when can meet commodity requirement, typically takes root system and plant
The mode separately harvested is carried out, and field planting plate is integrally removed, and is adjacent to field planting plate and is cut off root system, plant then is removed into progress again
Packaging,
No. 1 fertilizer therein is calcium nitrate, contains 1.1g in every liter of nutrient solution；No. 2 fertilizer include potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate,
The amount contained in several fertilizer of magnesium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, every liter of nutrient solution is respectively potassium sulfate 0.25g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.32g,
Magnesium sulfate 0.51g, ammonium sulfate 0.23g；No. 3 fertilizer are that the amount contained in micro- fertilizer, every liter of nutrient solution is ferrous sulfate 14mg, boric acid
7mg, manganese sulfate 4mg, zinc sulfate 1.2mg, copper sulphate 0.2mg, ammonium molybdate 0.3mg.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of soilless culture method of leafy vegetable, it is characterised in that specific procedure of processing is as follows：
(1) variety selection：From disease-resistant high yield, anti-adversity is strong, wide adaptability, excellent quality, resistance to accumulating, meets target market and disappears
Take the kind of custom；
(2) nursery：Using conventional seed broadcasting nursery, concrete operations are as follows：
A, seed broadcasting nursery
A, presoaking and germinating
Seed soaking soaks vegetable seeds in warm water, different vegetable seeds, and seed soaking time is different, suitable seed soaking time：It is raw
Dish class 3-4h, celery class 12h, when seed soaking time is more than 6h, centre should change 1-2 water；
Vernalization
General 18 DEG C~22 DEG C of leaf vegetables germination thermophilic, germination percentage is all higher in the range of 15 DEG C~25 DEG C, the high warm season
Section sowing happiness cools class vegetable seeds, must carry out low-temperature germination：First soaked 6-7 hours with well water, wash by rubbing with the hands and wet gauze is used after pulling out
Wrap, vernalization at a temperature of being placed in 15 DEG C, or be placed in storage 24 hours in houshold refrigerator refrigerating chamber, then seed is put into shady place moisturizing
Vernalization；
B, sowing are sowed by the way of being broadcasted sowing in flat plate, are first spread one layer of vermiculite in square position bottom first, are poured battalion
Nutrient solution makes vermiculite wet through in order to avoid vermiculite is loose and is lost in from bottom seedlings nursing plate, then repaves one layer of vermiculite and strikes off, in seedling
Disk top reserves 0.5-1.5cm space, and seed is uniformly sprinkling upon in seedlings nursing plate, the requirement to light and kind according to germination
Sub- size covers the vermiculite of suitable depth, and the vermiculite for the covering that light property or seed compare seedlet is thin, for big seed or
The vermiculite of photophobe seed covering will appropriate thick point, seedlings nursing plate is placed in designated area, and cover above one layer of mulch film or
Person's newspaper should be taken to keep suitable temperature and humidity, when winter temperature is low ground hot line heating, inspect periodically seed plate moisture and
Emerge situation, matrix will keep the skin wet in time when dry, dismantled in time when having germination and ensure that substantial light is shone；
B, seedling management
A, nutrient management
Seedling growing in summer, pouring liquid number of times will suitably increase, and seedbed will often spray water moisturizing, and nutrient solution supply will mutually be tied with supplying water
Close, can avoid suppressing because of Medium Culture salt accumulation excessive concentration using the method for pouring 1 clear water after 1~2 nutrient solution is poured
Seedling gives birth to；
B, nursery stage environment conditioning
(a) temperature
Using the preference temperature for maintaining growth of seedling daytime, the measure of low night temperature, nocturnal temperature should then reduce by 8~10 than daytime
℃；
Substrate temperature during germination is controlled at 15~25 DEG C；
Emerge before and after being flattened as leaf, the warm control on class vegetables daytime of happiness at 12~16 DEG C of night, likes the vegetable that cools at 20~25 DEG C or so
Dish is slightly lower；
After true leaf expansion, warm 25~28 DEG C of the dish class daytime temperature of happiness, 13~18 DEG C of night are kept；Happiness cools vegetables daytime 18~
22 DEG C, 8~12 DEG C of night；
During seedling, warm 25~30 DEG C of leaf vegetables daytime, 15~18 DEG C of night are liked；Happiness cools vegetables temperature treatment than happiness temperature class drop
It is low 3~5 DEG C；
(b) illumination
Sufficient illumination is conducive to the formation of strong sprout, and prevents excessive growth, and summer will suitably shade, to avoid seedling from burning；
(c) moisture
The suitable moisture of control is the material accumulation of increase seedling, the effective way of nurturing staff；
The water content of matrix should be kept before emerging 80~90%；After emerging the relative water content of matrix for control 60~
80%；Seedling stage suitable air humidity is generally daytime 60~80%, night 85-90%；
Different bearing stage water supply in media content see the table below：
Nutrient solution or water are poured in seedbed should select the fine day morning to carry out, low temperature season nursery, and water or nutrient solution are preferably by heating；
(3) seedling separation can carry out seedling separation when seedling grows to a leaf wholeheartedly, and matrix is chosen pine from bottom first, seedling is gently taken out
Son is cleaned 1-2 times in clear water, is advisable so that root is cleaned up, it is to avoid root system is damaged, can be in 1000 times of first support after cleaning
Or 3-5min disinfections are soaked in carbendazim solution, clamping seedling root neck portion with the clean sponge sterilized fills in plantation
Kong Zhong, spacing 5-10cm；
For can not seedling separation in time Plug seedling, to control the pouring number of times of nutrient solution, it is to avoid seedling excessive growth, Seedling density is excessive
When want timely thinning；
(4) it is colonized
Preparation before a, field planting
Planting facility sterilization is by cultivation bed, and nutrition liquid pool etc. is rinsed well with clear water, then with 800 times of 84 thimerosal scouring one time
Or spraying, sponge is soaked and rinsed well with 800 times of carbendazim or first support, it is to avoid medicament residue damages root system；
B, compounding
More than 1/2 water is put into nutrition liquid pool, appropriate nitric acid or phosphoric acid is added, pH value is adjusted, No. 1 fertilizer is dissolved and adds
In nutrition liquid pool and open water pump and be stirred more than 10min, then dissolve No. 2 fertilizer and add in pond and stir and supplement remaining
Clear water, stirring 10min after determine pH value, acid adding or alkali are adjusted when pH value is undesirable, make pH value 5.5-6.5 it
Between, EC values are determined after No. 3 fertilizer stirring 10min for adding respective amount, it is undesirable to be adjusted, make EC values in 1.8-
2.2ms/cm；
C, field planting
It can be colonized when seedling has 5~6 true leaves, the planting groove that scrub was sterilized, which is dried, can add nutrition half a day
Liquid, selects neat and consistent, and the strong sprout that grows fine is colonized into field planting hole, and original sponge is less will again plus one piece of sea
Silk floss is fixed, and the young plant of taking-up will be colonized in time, and outside can not be exposed to for a long time；
(5) daily management
A, holding plant are uniform in size：The daily upgrowth situation for checking young plant, the sick leaf yellow leaf of cleaning in time, the slower seedling of growing way will
Adjustment in time, the plant made every effort on same cultivation bed is uniform in size consistent；
B, control proper temperature：When summer illumination is too strong and temperature is too high, the cooling measure that shelters from heat or light is taken,
C, humid control：Humidity can spray water in the morning and humidify usually than relatively low when hardened ground area big greenhouse winter heats,
Humidity is set to be maintained at 60%-70%, afternoon and evening will avoid high humility, in order to avoid cause disease to occur and spread, winter heating
When also to avoid nocturnal temperature too high, keep 9-11 DEG C of day and night temperature；
E, light filling：When the continuous cloudy day occurs in weather, light filling measure is taken, to ensure plant healthy growth；
F, inspection nutrient solution：Inspect periodically and record the pH value and EC values of the nutrient solution in planting groove, when undesirable will and
When be adjusted；
Regular inspection system feed flow situation, feed flow is not smooth or to dredge in time during line clogging, and water pump can not normal feed flow
When to search reason immediately, and fix a breakdown；
G, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：When pest and disease damage occurs in plant, to adjust environmental condition, prevent disease from spreading, according to disease species and
The state of an illness, is prevented and treated from suitable medicament, to change medicament kind or concentration when prevention effect is undesirable.
(6) plant harvesting plant grows to and can harvested when can meet commodity requirement, typically takes root system and plant to separate
The mode of harvesting is carried out, and field planting plate is integrally removed, and is adjacent to field planting plate and is cut off root system, then again removes plant and wrapped
Dress.
2. a kind of soilless culture method of leafy vegetable according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Described leaf vegetables vegetables are selected from romaine lettuce, Chinese cabbage, hare's-lettuce, Sheep's-parsley, capital water dish, spun gold mustard, in vain Gynura bicolor, back of the body semiaquilegia adoxoides, leaf
With one kind in red beet, gold leaf beet, celery, wild cabbage, lettuce.
3. a kind of soilless culture method of leafy vegetable according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The preference temperature such as following table of several vegetables nursery：
4. a kind of soilless culture method of leafy vegetable according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：1 described in step (4)
Number fertilizer is to contain 1-1.5g in calcium nitrate, every liter of nutrient solution；No. 2 described fertilizer include potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate,
The amount contained in several fertilizer of ammonium sulfate, every liter of nutrient solution is respectively potassium sulfate 0.2-0.3g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3-0.4g, sulphur
Sour magnesium 0.5-0.6g, ammonium sulfate 0.21-0.25g；No. 3 described fertilizer are micro- fertilizer, and the amount contained in every liter of nutrient solution is sub- for sulfuric acid
Iron 14-16mg, boric acid 6-7mg, manganese sulfate 3-5mg, zinc sulfate 0.8-1.2mg, copper sulphate 0.1-0.3mg, ammonium molybdate 0.3-
0.4mg。
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| CN108040850A (en) * | 2017-12-16 | 2018-05-18 | 枞阳县东红家庭农场 | A kind of non-soil culture method of celery |
| CN108174648A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-19 | 上海师范大学 | A kind of germination accelerating method of spinach seed |
| CN108401870A (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-08-17 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of pakchoi simplification ciltivating process |
| CN108419658A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-08-21 | 舒城县汤池镇昌涛生态蔬菜种植专业合作社 | A kind of vegetable soilless culture and its nutrient solution |
| CN108450314A (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-08-28 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of cabbage mustard simplification soilless culture method |
| CN108719033A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-02 | 天津农学院 | A kind of ice dish water planting cultural method |
| CN108718991A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-11-02 | 陆川县凯悦鑫种养专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method of gynura bicolor |
| CN108887164A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-11-27 | 和县绿缘温室科技有限公司 | A kind of celery diseases prevention soilless planting method |
| CN108901788A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-11-30 | 无锡佳培科技有限公司 | A kind of cream romaine lettuce soilless culture method |
| CN109845630A (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2019-06-07 | 福建省中科生物股份有限公司 | A kind of plant factor's cultural method of foliage heet |
| CN110199861A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-09-06 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of atomising cultivation method of celery |
| CN110249987A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-09-20 | 福建省中科生物股份有限公司 | A kind of plant factor's cultural method of sonchus oleraceus |
| CN110367060A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-10-25 | 福建省中科生物股份有限公司 | A kind of plant factor's cultural method of capital water dish |
| CN111406631A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-07-14 | 山东省农业可持续发展研究所 | High-yield and high-quality cultivation method of collard under plant factory conditions |
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| CN113080043A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-07-09 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Stock sowing method for melon double-root-cutting grafting seedling |
| CN114365664A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-19 | 广东海洋大学 | Method for planting gynura bicolor in coastal mudflat with high salt content |
| CN114436719A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-05-06 | 正恒(上海)农业科技有限公司 | Nutrient solution suitable for vegetable seedling culture in plant factory and seedling culture method |
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| CN108040850A (en) * | 2017-12-16 | 2018-05-18 | 枞阳县东红家庭农场 | A kind of non-soil culture method of celery |
| CN108174648A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-19 | 上海师范大学 | A kind of germination accelerating method of spinach seed |
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| CN108719033A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-02 | 天津农学院 | A kind of ice dish water planting cultural method |
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| CN110249987A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-09-20 | 福建省中科生物股份有限公司 | A kind of plant factor's cultural method of sonchus oleraceus |
| CN110367060A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-10-25 | 福建省中科生物股份有限公司 | A kind of plant factor's cultural method of capital water dish |
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