CN110367060A - A kind of plant factor's cultural method of capital water dish - Google Patents
A kind of plant factor's cultural method of capital water dish Download PDFInfo
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- CN110367060A CN110367060A CN201910722018.5A CN201910722018A CN110367060A CN 110367060 A CN110367060 A CN 110367060A CN 201910722018 A CN201910722018 A CN 201910722018A CN 110367060 A CN110367060 A CN 110367060A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of plant factor's cultural methods of capital water dish, and by plant factor's upper seeding, early period, medium was sufficiently humidified so as to, the vernalization under control environment can significantly improve capital water dish germination percentage, shorten seedling-growing time, guarantee that emergence is neat, can sprout, can transplant seedlings in 1 day after sowing vernalization within 7-10 days；Artificial fluid infusion cost can effectively reduce using automatic liquid supply device nursery, prevent green alga from growing, stable nutrient solution is provided, promote growth of seedling；It after root system grows absorbable nutrient solution, keeps medium dry ventilative, basal part of stem browning can be prevented to be broken, later period more diseases is avoided to rot；By adjusting the photoperiod after field planting, is conducive to harvest in advance, improves yield；The present invention provides a variety of planting patterns and a variety of picking methods, be conducive to that capital water dish is safe and stable, plant factor's water planting implantation methods of whole year production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop planting technical fields, and in particular to a kind of plant factor's cultural method of capital water dish.
Background technique
Capital water dish (Brassica juncea var.multisecta L.H.Bailey) is also known as white thousand muscle capital water dish of stem,
It is the new varieties of Cruciferae Brassica genus Chinese cabbage subspecies, be using greenery and the petiole of white is product one to biennial shallow root
Herbaceous plant, shape between balling pakchoi and Brassica juncea, cauline leaf elongated flexible, commodity be not good, rich in minerals,
Height containing potassium, Cardia Salt, full of nutrition, into market after be popular.Can search for food vegetable seedling, break contracture strain or whole strain harvesting, quality
It is tender, it is the high-quality garnishes of chafing dish, soup can be done, stir-fried and eaten, is eaten after can also being pickled, the market demand is big.
Capital water dish grows 18-20 DEG C of thermophilic, likes sunlight, 10 DEG C or less slow growths, and non-refractory is suitble to the season cultivation that cools
Training, Summer High-Temperature Times planting benefit is poor, and high temperature and rainy plant is perishable and loses and receives.The kind the northern area of China plant compared with
More, southern large-scale planting is less.Capital water dish outdoor cropping seedling growth is slow, is not suitable for top dressing, starts to mend after lateral bud is mitogenetic
Fertilizer is filled, stops top dressing before harvesting.Different light irradiation times have an impact to plant type and yield, are lower than the easy excessive growth of plant in 10 hours, produce
Measure lower, yield is higher within 12 hours or more, and plant is short strong.Entire breeding time needs moisture more, but intolerant to waterlogging.Traditional outdoor cropping
It is suitable for spring, autumn progress, greenhouse cultivation is suitble to winter to carry out, and facility cultivation is based on early spring and late fall, although summer can also give birth to
It produces, but the measures such as rain-proof sunshade must be taken.
Capital water dish is easy uneven emergence affected by environment under traditional cultivation cropping pattern, and big seedling is uneven, after transplanting
Seedling-slowing stage is long, leaf strain undergrowth, and Yi Yinqi leaf rolling deformity, vegetative growth phase is shortening stem, and leafage grows thickly in shortening stem
On, basal part of stem has extremely strong branch ability, it is therefore desirable to keep basal part of stem dry and ventilated, otherwise be easy browning fracture, influence
Normal plants, the later period, more diseases were rotted.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, the invention discloses a kind of plant factor's cultural methods of capital water dish, lead to
Upper seeding is crossed, moisture, temperature and humidity conditions are accurately controlled, capital water dish germination percentage can be significantly improved, shortens seedling-growing time, guarantees
Seedling is neat, can sprout, can transplant seedlings in 1 day after sowing vernalization within 7-10 days；People can effectively reduce using automatic liquid supply device nursery
Work fluid infusion cost, prevents green alga from growing, and provides stable nutrient solution, promotes growth of seedling；After root system grows absorbable nutrient solution,
It keeps medium dry ventilative, basal part of stem browning can be prevented to be broken, later period more diseases is avoided to rot；By adjusting the photoperiod after field planting,
Be conducive to harvest in advance, improve yield；The present invention provides a variety of planting patterns and a variety of picking methods, are conducive to capital water dish peace
Entirely, stablize, whole year production.
The specific technical solution that the present invention takes is:
A kind of plant factor's cultural method of capital water dish, includes the following steps:
(1) seed treatment and vernalization:
Method one: tender sprouts cultivated form is to have hole seedlings nursing plate using upper layer, and lower layer is automatically replenished nutrition for pallet
The tender shoots vegetable cultivation device of liquid is cultivated, upper layer be laid with sowing medium, by seed 55 DEG C immersion 10-15 minutes, after drying
With 2400-4800/m2Density be sowed on wet medium, spray water, lid preservative film, Yu Wendu 18-23 DEG C, humidity 80-100%
Lower vernalization carries out tender sprouts seedling management after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
Method two: conventional dish cultivated form, by seed 55 DEG C immersion 10-15 minutes, 4-6h is impregnated in normal-temperature water, is dried in the air
In wet medium, vernalization under Yu Wendu 18-23 DEG C, humidity 80-100% carries out seedling management after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally for upper seeding after dry；
(2) nursery:
Tender sprouts cultivated form:
The root growth phase: it after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, moves to and carries out nursery under light, throw off preservative film within second day, to second layer support
Nutrient solution to first layer is added in disk hole bottom seedlings nursing plate, and nutrient solution is added into automatic liquid supply box, and during which device can be certainly
Upper layer is had hole seedlings nursing plate to move to continued growth on recirculating nutrient solution cultivation bed by dynamic fluid infusion after root system grows 1-3cm；
Fast growing period: after root system grows 1-3cm, having hole seedlings nursing plate to move in recirculating nutrient solution cultivation bed on upper layer,
Nutrient solution EC is properly increased, intensity of illumination is improved, nutrient solution liquid level can effectively avoid long algae lower than there is hole seedlings nursing plate at this time,
When seedling it is long to 10-20cm when, can carry out neatly cutting harvesting；
When nursery, environmental condition are as follows: air themperature maintains 23~27 DEG C/20~23 DEG C round the clock；Humidity is 50~90%；
Solution temperature maintains 18~22 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 300-1200ppm；Light application time is 12-16h/d；
Conventional dish cultivated form
The root growth phase: showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally to seed and carry out nursery under moving back to light, and planting density is 1000-1500 plants/m2, early period
Clear water fluid level contacts medium bottom, grows to root system, after cotyledon expansion, changes clear water into nutrient solution, fluid level contacts root system,
Automatic liquid supply box is filled, cultivation can be divided to be colonized after seedling length to 4 leaf, 1 heart；
When nursery, environmental condition are as follows: air themperature maintains 23~27 DEG C/20~23 DEG C round the clock；Humidity is 50~90%；
Solution temperature maintains 18~22 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 300-1200ppm；Light application time is 12-16h/d；
(3) it is colonized:
Tender sprouts cultivated form: continuation is cultivated with the condition of step (2)；
Conventional dish cultivated form: with 30-200 plants/m2Density plantation, nutrient solution liquid level is reduced at nursery stage 1/2, energy
It is enough effectively to avoid long algae, increase intensity of illumination after plantation, light application time 12-16h/d, long to 6-15cm to plant, blade is long
It when to 20 or more, comes to the ripening period, extends light application time to 12-18h/d；
It is colonized environmental condition are as follows: air themperature maintains 23~27 DEG C/20~23 DEG C round the clock；Humidity is 50~90%；Battalion
Nutrient solution temperature maintains 18~22 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 400-1200ppm；
(4) it harvests:
Tender sprouts cultivated form: as capital water dish plant height 10cm-20cm, whole disk cutting harvesting；
Conventional dish cultivated form:
Receipts are cut in plant division harvesting or big strain, and plant division harvesting: water colza in Beijing is planted 30-35 days, the multiple sides sprouted to base portion
Receipts are broken in strain successively, are once broken receipts periphery one and are taken turns about 3-5 plant division, carry out breaking receipts again after growing new side strain；
Receipts are cut in big strain: after water colza in Beijing is planted 35-40 days, can disposably be harvested.
In order to preferably realize the present invention, when step (2) nursery, light conditions are as follows: intensity of illumination is 150-250 μm of ol
m-2·s-1, light irradiation time 12-16h/d, spectral composition are as follows: the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 400-499nm is 21-
25%, the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 500-599nm is the light quantity subnumber proportion of 14-15%, wavelength 600-699nm
It is 12%-17% for 46-50%, other wavelength light quantum number proportions.
In order to preferably realize the present invention, when step (2) nursery, nutrient solution EC is 0.6-1.5mS/cm, and pH value control exists
Between 6.0-8；Nutrient component in nutrient solution are as follows: potassium nitrate 780mg/L；Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 150mg/L；Potassium sulfate 330mg/
L；Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron 30mg/L；Four water-calcium nitrate 450mg/L；Magnesium sulfate 110mg/L；Boric acid 2mg/L；Sulfuric acid monohydrate
Manganese 1.5mg/L；White vitriol 0.25mg/L；Anhydrous cupric sulfate 0.13mg/L；Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate 0.03mg/L；Sugar alcohol calcium
0.1ml/L；Sugar alcohol magnesium 0.6ml/L；Pure potassium type clear liquid fertilizer 0.3-0.8ml/L.
In order to preferably realize the present invention, when step (2) nursery, used in tender sprouts cultivated form and conventional dish cultivated form
Seedlings nursing plate is equipped with automatic liquid supply device, to be grown to root system, cotyledon expansion, and after nutrient solution liquid level gradually decreases, automatic liquid supply
Device is automatically replenished nutrient solution into seed plate.
In order to preferably realize the present invention, in step (3), after conventional dish cultivated form Seeding planting, light conditions are as follows: light
It is 200-300 μm of olm according to intensity-2·s-1, light irradiation time early period is 12-16h/d, and mature later period light irradiation time is 12-18h/
D spectral composition: light quantity subnumber proportion≤0.1% of wavelength 380-399nm, wavelength for 400-499nm light quantity subnumber institute
The light quantity subnumber proportion that accounting example is 13-15%, wavelength is 500-599nm is 17-19%, wavelength is 600-699nm's
The light quantity subnumber proportion that light quantity subnumber proportion is 50-55%, wavelength is 700-780nm is 13-17%.
In order to preferably realize the present invention, in step (3), after conventional dish cultivated form Seeding planting, nutrient solution EC is
2.0-3.5mS/cm, pH value control the nutrient component in nutrient solution are as follows: potassium nitrate 780mg/L between 6.5-8；Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen ammonium 150mg/L；Potassium sulfate 330mg/L；Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron 30mg/L；Four water-calcium nitrate 450mg/L；Magnesium sulfate
110mg/L；Boric acid 2mg/L；Manganese sulfate monohydrate 1.5mg/L；White vitriol 0.25mg/L；Anhydrous cupric sulfate 0.13mg/L；Four
Water ammonium molybdate 0.03mg/L；Sugar alcohol calcium 0.1ml/L；Sugar alcohol magnesium 0.6ml/L；Pure potassium type clear liquid fertilizer 0.3-0.8ml/L；3- before harvesting
5 days, nutrient solution EC was reduced to 1.0-2.0mS/cm.
In order to preferably realize the present invention, when step (4) plant division harvests, after breaking receipts for the first time, nutrient solution EC improve to
2.0-3.5mS/cm is broken before receipts 3-5 days again, and nutrient solution EC is reduced to 1.0-2.0mS/cm, and nutrient solution EC is mentioned again after breaking receipts
Up to 2.0-3.5mS/cm is recycled with this.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1, for the present invention by preference temperature vernalization and wet medium upper seeding, the solution sub- seedling-growing time of capital water colza is long, emergence
Uneven problem, while can avoid capital water dish later period more diseases and rotting；
2, by the present invention in that carrying out seedling management with automatic liquid supply device, it is conducive to provide stable nutrient solution, reduces and mends
Cost of labor caused by liquid.
3, dried medium and regulation ventilated environment of the invention after passing through nursery stage and field planting, solve how sick rotten ask
Topic；
4, the present invention is conducive to increase tiller number, promotes growth, harvest in advance by Photoperiod；
5, a variety of planting densities can be used in the present invention, are conducive to the vegetables for harvesting different qualities and edible way, also favorably
In abundant capital water dish product form；
6, the present invention can break in due course receipts periphery one in the maturity period and take turns, and may advantageously facilitate the sprouting of side strain, improve yield；
7, the present invention uses circulating plant nutrient solution, may advantageously facilitate root growth, reduces cost of labor.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to embodiment, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto,
Without departing from the idea case in the present invention described above, according to ordinary skill knowledge and customary means, various replace is made
It changes and changes, should all be included within the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of plant factor's cultural method of capital water dish, includes the following steps:
(1) seed treatment and vernalization:
It is to have hole seedlings nursing plate using upper layer, lower layer is that the tender shoots vegetable cultivation device for being automatically replenished nutrient solution of pallet carries out
Cultivation, upper layer has hole seedlings nursing plate that plant root is facilitated to be pierced by, and is moved easily, the upper and lower certain hole of interlayer be conducive to nutrient solution and
Air flowing；Upper layer be laid with sowing medium, by seed 55 DEG C immersion 10-15 minutes, with 2400-4800/m after drying2's
Density is sowed on wet medium, water spray, lid preservative film, and vernalization under Yu Wendu 18-23 DEG C, humidity 80-100% carries out after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally
Tender sprouts seedling management；
(2) nursery: circulating nutrient solution is used；
The root growth phase: it after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, moves to and carries out nursery under light, throw off preservative film within second day, to second layer support
Nutrient solution to first layer is added in disk hole bottom seedlings nursing plate, and nutrient solution is added into automatic liquid supply box, and during which device can be certainly
Dynamic fluid infusion.After root system grows 1-3cm, there is hole seedlings nursing plate to move to continued growth on recirculating nutrient solution cultivation bed on upper layer.Up and down
The seedlings nursing plate of layering is conducive to root growth, carries out using pallet that the cultivation method of tender sprouts is different, and automatic liquid supply fills from conventional
Set nutrition needed for growth is replenished in time, not only can to avoid nutrition early period liquid level it is too high caused by long algae, but also stabilization can be provided
Nutrient solution, shorten seedling-growing time；
Fast growing period: after root system grows 1-3cm, having hole seedlings nursing plate to move in recirculating nutrient solution cultivation bed on upper layer,
Nutrient solution EC is properly increased, intensity of illumination is improved, nutrient solution liquid level can effectively avoid long algae lower than there is hole seedlings nursing plate at this time.
When seedling it is long to 10-20cm when, can carry out neatly cutting harvesting.
Environmental condition are as follows: air themperature maintains 23~27 DEG C/20~23 DEG C round the clock；Humidity is 50~90%；Nutrient solution
Temperature maintains 18~22 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 300-1200ppm；Light conditions are as follows: intensity of illumination is 200 μm of olm-2·s-1, light irradiation time 12h/d, spectral composition are as follows: the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 400-499nm is 23%, wavelength
The light quantity subnumber proportion of 500-599nm is 14%, the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 600-699nm is 48%, other
Wavelength light quantum number proportion is 15%；Nutrient solution EC is 0.6-1.5mS/cm, and pH value controls between 6.0-8；Nutrient solution
Middle nutrient component are as follows: potassium nitrate 780mg/L；Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 150mg/L；Potassium sulfate 330mg/L；Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-
Sodium iron 30mg/L；Four water-calcium nitrate 450mg/L；Magnesium sulfate 110mg/L；Boric acid 2mg/L；Manganese sulfate monohydrate 1.5mg/L；Seven water sulphur
Sour zinc 0.25mg/L；Anhydrous cupric sulfate 0.13mg/L；Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate 0.03mg/L；Sugar alcohol calcium 0.1ml/L；Sugar alcohol magnesium 0.6ml/
L；Pure potassium type clear liquid fertilizer 0.3-0.8ml/L.
(3) it harvests:
As capital water dish plant height 10cm-20cm, whole disk cutting harvesting obtains tender sprouts.
Embodiment 2
A kind of plant factor's cultural method of capital water dish, includes the following steps:
(1) seed treatment and vernalization:
By seed 55 DEG C immersion 10-15 minutes, 4h is impregnated in normal-temperature water, dries rear upper seeding in wet medium, in
18-23 DEG C of temperature, vernalization under humidity 80-100% carries out seedling management after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
(2) nursery:
The root growth phase: showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally to seed and carry out root system nursery under moving back to light, and planting density is 1200 plants/m2, early period
Root system does not extend, and water requirement is less, clear water liquid level wettable media bottom but does not soak seed after transplanting, grows to root system, cotyledon
After expansion, after liquid level gradually decreases, for automatic liquid supply device Additional nutrient solution into seedlings nursing plate, nutrient solution liquid level is at medium bottom
Portion contacts root system, and nutrition needed for growth is replenished in time in automatic liquid supply device both can be too high to avoid nutrition early period liquid level
Caused by long algae, and nutrient can be replenished in time, shorten seedling-growing time；Cultivation can be divided to be colonized after seedling length to 4 leaf, 1 heart；Nursery
When, environmental condition are as follows: air themperature maintains 23~27 DEG C/20~23 DEG C round the clock；Humidity is 50~90%；Solution temperature dimension
It holds at 18~22 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 300-1200ppm；Light conditions are as follows: illuminated using plant lamp, intensity of illumination is
200μmol·m-2·s-1, light irradiation time 14h/d, spectral composition are as follows: the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 400-499nm is
21-25%, wavelength 500-599nm light quantity subnumber proportion be 14-15%, wavelength 600-699nm light quantity subnumber shared by
Ratio is 46-50%, other wavelength light quantum number proportions are 12%-17%；Nutrient solution EC is 0.6-1.5mS/cm, pH value
Control is between 6.0-8；Nutrient component in nutrient solution are as follows: potassium nitrate 780mg/L；Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 150mg/L；Potassium sulfate
330mg/L；Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron 30mg/L；Four water-calcium nitrate 450mg/L；Magnesium sulfate 110mg/L；Boric acid 2mg/L；One
Water manganese sulfate 1.5mg/L；White vitriol 0.25mg/L；Anhydrous cupric sulfate 0.13mg/L；Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate 0.03mg/L；Sugar alcohol
Calcium 0.1ml/L；Sugar alcohol magnesium 0.6ml/L；Pure potassium type clear liquid fertilizer 0.3-0.8ml/L.
(3) it is colonized:
With 54 plants/m2Density plantation, nutrient solution liquid level is reduced at nursery stage 1/2, contacts root system, avoids long algae
With the drying of holding medium and ventilated environment, increase intensity of illumination after plantation, may advantageously facilitate growth, avoid excessive growth, is colonized environment
Condition are as follows: air themperature maintains 23~27 DEG C/20~23 DEG C round the clock；Humidity is 50~90%；Solution temperature maintains 18
~22 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 400-1200ppm；Light conditions are as follows: illuminated using plant lamp, intensity of illumination is 250 μ
mol·m-2·s-1, light irradiation time 12h/d, spectral composition: the light quantity subnumber proportion 0.05% of wavelength 380-399nm,
The light quantity subnumber proportion that the light quantity subnumber proportion that wavelength is 400-499nm is 14%, wavelength is 500-599nm is
18%, the light quantity subnumber proportion that wavelength is 600-699nm is 52.5%, shared by the light quantity subnumber that wavelength is 700-780nm
Ratio is 15%；It is long to 6-15cm to plant, at long to 20 or more, blade, comes to the ripening period, extend light application time to 16h/
D when plant tends to maturation, extends light application time and is conducive to improve yield；Entire environmental condition are as follows: diurnal temperature maintains 23~
27 DEG C/20~23 DEG C；Humidity is 60~75%；Solution temperature maintains 18~22 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 400-
1200ppm；Nutrient solution EC is 2.0-3.5mS/cm, and pH value controls the nutrient component in nutrient solution are as follows: nitre between 6.5-8
Sour potassium 780mg/L；Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 150mg/L；Potassium sulfate 330mg/L；Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron 30mg/L；Four water nitric acid
Ca45 0mg/L；Magnesium sulfate 110mg/L；Boric acid 2mg/L；Manganese sulfate monohydrate 1.5mg/L；White vitriol 0.25mg/L；Anhydrous sulphur
Sour copper 0.13mg/L；Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate 0.03mg/L；Sugar alcohol calcium 0.1ml/L；Sugar alcohol magnesium 0.6ml/L；Pure potassium type clear liquid fertilizer 0.3-
0.8ml/L；3-5 days before harvesting, nutrient solution EC is reduced to 1.0-2.0mS/cm；
(4) it harvests:
Plant division harvesting: water colza in Beijing is planted 30-35 days, breaks receipts successively to multiple sides strain that base portion has been sprouted, once breaks receipts
About 3-5 plant division is taken turns in periphery one, carries out breaking receipts again after growing new side strain.
Embodiment 3
A kind of plant factor's cultural method of capital water dish, includes the following steps:
(1) seed treatment and vernalization:
By seed 55 DEG C immersion 10-15 minutes, 4-6h is impregnated in normal-temperature water, dries rear upper seeding in wet medium,
The vernalization under 18-23 DEG C of temperature, humidity 80-100% carries out seedling management after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
(2) nursery:
The root growth phase: showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally to seed and carry out root system nursery under moving back to light, and planting density is 1200 plants/m2, early period
Root system does not extend, and water requirement is less, clear water liquid level wettable media bottom but does not soak seed after transplanting, grows to root system, cotyledon
After expansion, after liquid level gradually decreases, for automatic liquid supply device Additional nutrient solution into seedlings nursing plate, nutrient solution liquid level is at medium bottom
Portion contacts root system, and nutrition needed for growth is replenished in time in automatic liquid supply device both can be too high to avoid nutrition early period liquid level
Caused by long algae, and nutrient can be replenished in time, shorten seedling-growing time；Cultivation can be divided to be colonized after seedling length to 4 leaf, 1 heart；Nursery
When, environmental condition are as follows: air themperature maintains 23~27 DEG C/20~23 DEG C round the clock；Humidity is 50~90%；Solution temperature dimension
It holds at 18~22 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 300-1200ppm；Light conditions are as follows: illuminated using plant lamp, intensity of illumination is
200μmol·m-2·s-1, light irradiation time 12h/d, spectral composition are as follows: the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 400-499nm is
21-25%, wavelength 500-599nm light quantity subnumber proportion be 14-15%, wavelength 600-699nm light quantity subnumber shared by
Ratio is 46-50%, other wavelength light quantum number proportions are 12%-17%；Nutrient solution EC is 0.6-1.5mS/cm, pH value
Control is between 6.0-8；Nutrient component in nutrient solution are as follows: potassium nitrate 780mg/L；Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 150mg/L；Potassium sulfate
330mg/L；Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron 30mg/L；Four water-calcium nitrate 450mg/L；Magnesium sulfate 110mg/L；Boric acid 2mg/L；One
Water manganese sulfate 1.5mg/L；White vitriol 0.25mg/L；Anhydrous cupric sulfate 0.13mg/L；Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate 0.03mg/L；Sugar alcohol
Calcium 0.1ml/L；Sugar alcohol magnesium 0.6ml/L；Pure potassium type clear liquid fertilizer 0.3-0.8ml/L.
(3) it is colonized:
With 54 plants/m2Density plantation, nutrient solution liquid level is reduced at nursery stage 1/2, contacts root system, avoids long algae
With the drying of holding medium and ventilated environment, increase intensity of illumination after plantation, may advantageously facilitate growth, avoid excessive growth, is colonized environment
Condition are as follows: air themperature maintains 23~27 DEG C/20~23 DEG C round the clock；Humidity is 50~90%；Solution temperature maintains 18
~22 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 400-1200ppm；Light conditions are as follows: illuminated using plant lamp, intensity of illumination is 250 μ
mol·m-2·s-1, light irradiation time 12h/d, spectral composition: the light quantity subnumber proportion 0.05% of wavelength 380-399nm,
The light quantity subnumber proportion that the light quantity subnumber proportion that wavelength is 400-499nm is 14%, wavelength is 500-599nm is
18%, the light quantity subnumber proportion that wavelength is 600-699nm is 52.5%, shared by the light quantity subnumber that wavelength is 700-780nm
Ratio is 15%；It is long to 6-15cm to plant, at long to 20 or more, blade, comes to the ripening period, extend light application time extremely
13.5h/d when plant tends to maturation, extends light application time and is conducive to improve yield；Entire environmental condition are as follows: diurnal temperature maintains
At 23~27 DEG C/20~23 DEG C；Humidity is 60~75%；Solution temperature maintains 18~22 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is
400-1200ppm；Nutrient solution EC is 2.0-3.5mS/cm, and pH value controls the nutrient component in nutrient solution between 6.5-8
Are as follows: potassium nitrate 780mg/L；Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 150mg/L；Potassium sulfate 330mg/L；Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron 30mg/L；Four
Water calcium nitrate 450mg/L；Magnesium sulfate 110mg/L；Boric acid 2mg/L；Manganese sulfate monohydrate 1.5mg/L；White vitriol 0.25mg/L；
Anhydrous cupric sulfate 0.13mg/L；Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate 0.03mg/L；Sugar alcohol calcium 0.1ml/L；Sugar alcohol magnesium 0.6ml/L；Pure potassium type clear liquid
Fertile 0.3-0.8ml/L；3-5 days before harvesting, nutrient solution EC is reduced to 1.0-2.0mS/cm；
(4) it harvests:
Receipts are cut in big strain: after water colza in Beijing is planted 35-40 days, can disposably be harvested.
Embodiment 4
A kind of plant factor's cultural method of capital water dish, includes the following steps:
(1) seed treatment and vernalization:
By seed 55 DEG C immersion 10-15 minutes, 6h is impregnated in normal-temperature water, dries rear upper seeding in wet medium, in
18-23 DEG C of temperature, vernalization under humidity 80-100% carries out seedling management after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
(2) nursery:
The root growth phase: showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally to seed and carry out root system nursery under moving back to light, and planting density is 1200 plants/m2, early period
Root system does not extend, and water requirement is less, clear water liquid level wettable media bottom but does not soak seed after transplanting, grows to root system, cotyledon
After expansion, after liquid level gradually decreases, for automatic liquid supply device Additional nutrient solution into seedlings nursing plate, nutrient solution liquid level is at medium bottom
Portion contacts root system, and nutrition needed for growth is replenished in time in automatic liquid supply device both can be too high to avoid nutrition early period liquid level
Caused by long algae, and nutrient can be replenished in time, shorten seedling-growing time；Cultivation can be divided to be colonized after seedling length to 4 leaf, 1 heart；Nursery
When, environmental condition are as follows: air themperature maintains 23~27 DEG C/20~23 DEG C round the clock；Humidity is 50~90%；Solution temperature dimension
It holds at 18~22 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 300-1200ppm；Light conditions are as follows: illuminated using plant lamp, intensity of illumination is
200μmol·m-2·s-1, light irradiation time 12h/d, spectral composition are as follows: the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 400-499nm is
21-25%, wavelength 500-599nm light quantity subnumber proportion be 14-15%, wavelength 600-699nm light quantity subnumber shared by
Ratio is 46-50%, other wavelength light quantum number proportions are 12%-17%；Nutrient solution EC is 0.6-1.5mS/cm, pH value
Control is between 6.0-8；Nutrient component in nutrient solution are as follows: potassium nitrate 780mg/L；Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 150mg/L；Potassium sulfate
330mg/L；Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron 30mg/L；Four water-calcium nitrate 450mg/L；Magnesium sulfate 110mg/L；Boric acid 2mg/L；One
Water manganese sulfate 1.5mg/L；White vitriol 0.25mg/L；Anhydrous cupric sulfate 0.13mg/L；Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate 0.03mg/L；Sugar alcohol
Calcium 0.1ml/L；Sugar alcohol magnesium 0.6ml/L；Pure potassium type clear liquid fertilizer 0.3-0.8ml/L.
(3) it is colonized:
With 54 plants/m2Density plantation, nutrient solution liquid level is reduced at nursery stage 1/2, contacts root system, avoids long algae
With the drying of holding medium and ventilated environment, increase intensity of illumination after plantation, may advantageously facilitate growth, avoid excessive growth, is colonized environment
Condition are as follows: air themperature maintains 23~27 DEG C/20~23 DEG C round the clock；Humidity is 50~90%；Solution temperature maintains 18
~22 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 400-1200ppm；Light conditions are as follows: illuminated using plant lamp, intensity of illumination is 250 μ
mol·m-2·s-1, light irradiation time 10h/d, spectral composition: the light quantity subnumber proportion 0.05% of wavelength 380-399nm,
The light quantity subnumber proportion that the light quantity subnumber proportion that wavelength is 400-499nm is 14%, wavelength is 500-599nm is
18%, the light quantity subnumber proportion that wavelength is 600-699nm is 52.5%, shared by the light quantity subnumber that wavelength is 700-780nm
Ratio is 15%；Entire environmental condition are as follows: diurnal temperature maintains 23~27 DEG C/20~23 DEG C；Humidity is 60~75%；Nutrition
Liquid temperature maintains 18~22 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 400-1200ppm；Nutrient solution EC is 2.0-3.5mS/cm, pH value control
System is between 6.5-8, nutrient component in nutrient solution are as follows: potassium nitrate 780mg/L；Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 150mg/L；Potassium sulfate
330mg/L；Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron 30mg/L；Four water-calcium nitrate 450mg/L；Magnesium sulfate 110mg/L；Boric acid 2mg/L；One
Water manganese sulfate 1.5mg/L；White vitriol 0.25mg/L；Anhydrous cupric sulfate 0.13mg/L；Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate 0.03mg/L；Sugar alcohol
Calcium 0.1ml/L；Sugar alcohol magnesium 0.6ml/L；Pure potassium type clear liquid fertilizer 0.3-0.8ml/L；3-5 days before harvesting, nutrient solution EC is reduced to
1.0-2.0mS/cm；
It is colonized environmental condition are as follows: air themperature maintains 23~27 DEG C/20~23 DEG C round the clock；Humidity is 50~90%；Battalion
Nutrient solution temperature maintains 18~22 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 400-1200ppm；
(4) it harvests:
Receipts are cut in big strain: after water colza in Beijing is planted 35-40 days, can disposably be harvested.
It is compared by taking plant factor's cultural method of 2 capital water dish of embodiment as an example with prior art, 1 institute of table specific as follows
Show:
Table 1
| This patent cultivation technique | Prior art | |
| Germination percentage | 95% or more | 90% |
| Seedling-growing time | 1-2 days | 3-4 days |
| Picking time | 15 days or so after field planting | 30 days or so after field planting |
| Yield | 18000-20000kg/ mus | 4000-6000kg/ mus |
Plant factor's cultural method of 3 capital water dish of embodiment and plant factor's cultural method of 4 capital water dish of embodiment do ratio
Compared with shown in table 2 specific as follows:
Table 2
Although the various embodiments described above are described, once a person skilled in the art knows basic wounds
The property made concept, then additional changes and modifications can be made to these embodiments, so the above description is only an embodiment of the present invention,
It is not intended to limit scope of patent protection of the invention, it is all to utilize equivalent process transformation made by present specification,
Be applied directly or indirectly in other relevant technical fields, similarly includes within scope of patent protection of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of plant factor's cultural method of capital water dish, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
(1) seed treatment and vernalization:
Method one: tender sprouts cultivated form is to have a hole seedlings nursing plate using upper layer, and lower layer is that pallet is automatically replenished nutrient solution
Tender shoots vegetable cultivation device is cultivated, upper layer be laid with sowing medium, by seed 55 DEG C immersion 10-15 minutes, after drying with
2400-4800/m2Density be sowed on wet medium, spray water, lid preservative film, under Yu Wendu 18-23 DEG C, humidity 80-100%
Vernalization carries out tender sprouts seedling management after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
Method two: conventional dish cultivated form, by seed 55 DEG C immersion 10-15 minutes, 4-6h is impregnated in normal-temperature water, after drying
In wet medium, vernalization under Yu Wendu 18-23 DEG C, humidity 80-100% carries out seedling management after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally for upper seeding；
(2) nursery:
Tender sprouts cultivated form:
The root growth phase: it after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, moves to and carries out nursery under light, preservative film is thrown off within second day, into second layer pallet
Addition nutrient solution to first layer has hole bottom seedlings nursing plate, and nutrient solution is added into automatic liquid supply box, and during which device can be mended automatically
Upper layer is had hole seedlings nursing plate to move to continued growth on recirculating nutrient solution cultivation bed by liquid after root system grows 1-3cm；
Fast growing period: after root system grows 1-3cm, hole seedlings nursing plate moves in recirculating nutrient solution cultivation bed on upper layer, suitably
Nutrient solution EC is improved, intensity of illumination is improved, nutrient solution liquid level can effectively avoid long algae, to seedling lower than there is hole seedlings nursing plate at this time
It is long to 10-20cm when, can carry out neatly cutting harvesting；
When nursery, environmental condition are as follows: air themperature maintains 23~27 DEG C/20~23 DEG C round the clock；Humidity is 50~90%；Nutrition
Liquid temperature maintains 18~22 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 300-1200ppm；Light application time is 12-16h/d；
Conventional dish cultivated form
The root growth phase: showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally to seed and carry out nursery under moving back to light, and planting density is 1000-1500 plants/m2, early period clear water
Fluid level contacts medium bottom, grows to root system, after cotyledon expansion, changes clear water into nutrient solution, fluid level contacts root system will be certainly
Dynamic fluid infusion box is filled, and cultivation can be divided to be colonized after seedling length to 4 leaf, 1 heart；
When nursery, environmental condition are as follows: air themperature maintains 23~27 DEG C/20~23 DEG C round the clock；Humidity is 50~90%；Nutrition
Liquid temperature maintains 18~22 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 300-1200ppm；Light application time is 12-16h/d；
(3) it is colonized:
Tender sprouts cultivated form: continuation is cultivated with the condition of step (2)；
Conventional dish cultivated form: with 30-200 plants/m2Density plantation, nutrient solution liquid level is reduced at nursery stage 1/2, Neng Gouyou
Effect avoids long algae, increases intensity of illumination after plantation, light application time 12-16h/d, long to 6-15cm to plant, blade is long to 20
It when more than piece, comes to the ripening period, extends light application time to 12-18h/d；
It is colonized environmental condition are as follows: air themperature maintains 23~27 DEG C/20~23 DEG C round the clock；Humidity is 50~90%；Nutrient solution
Temperature maintains 18~22 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 400-1200ppm；
(4) it harvests:
Tender sprouts cultivated form: as capital water dish plant height 10cm-20cm, whole disk cutting harvesting；
Conventional dish cultivated form:
Receipts are cut in plant division harvesting or big strain, and plant division harvesting: water colza in Beijing is planted 30-35 days, the multiple sides strain land sprouted to base portion
It is continuous to break receipts, it once breaks receipts periphery one and takes turns about 3-5 plant division, carry out breaking receipts again after growing new side strain；
Receipts are cut in big strain: after water colza in Beijing is planted 35-40 days, can disposably be harvested.
2. a kind of plant factor's cultural method of capital water dish according to claim 1, it is characterised in that when step (2) nursery,
Light conditions are as follows: intensity of illumination is 150-250 μm of olm-2·s-1, light irradiation time 8-14h/d, spectral composition are as follows: wavelength
The light quantity subnumber proportion of 400-499nm is 21-25%, the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 500-599nm is 14-
15%, the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 600-699nm is 46-50%, other wavelength light quantum number proportions are 12%-
17%.
3. a kind of plant factor's cultural method of capital water dish according to claim 1, it is characterised in that when step (2) nursery,
Nutrient solution EC is 0.6-1.5mS/cm, and pH value controls between 6.0-8；Nutrient component in nutrient solution are as follows: potassium nitrate
780mg/L；Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 150mg/L；Potassium sulfate 330mg/L；Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron 30mg/L；Four water-calcium nitrate
450mg/L；Magnesium sulfate 110mg/L；Boric acid 2mg/L；Manganese sulfate monohydrate 1.5mg/L；White vitriol 0.25mg/L；Anhydrous slufuric acid
Copper 0.13mg/L；Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate 0.03mg/L；Sugar alcohol calcium 0.1ml/L；Sugar alcohol magnesium 0.6ml/L；Pure potassium type clear liquid fertilizer 0.3-
0.8ml/L。
4. a kind of plant factor's cultural method of capital water dish according to claim 1, it is characterised in that when step (2) nursery,
Seedlings nursing plate used in tender sprouts cultivated form and conventional dish cultivated form is equipped with automatic liquid supply device, grows to root system, cotyledon exhibition
It opens, after nutrient solution liquid level gradually decreases, automatic liquid supply device is automatically replenished nutrient solution into seed plate.
5. a kind of plant factor's cultural method of capital water dish according to claim 1, it is characterised in that conventional in step (3)
After dish cultivated form Seeding planting, light conditions are as follows: intensity of illumination is 200-300 μm of olm-2·s-1, spectral composition: wavelength
The light quantity subnumber proportion that light quantity subnumber proportion≤0.1%, the wavelength of 380-399nm are 400-499nm is 13-
15%, the light quantity subnumber proportion that wavelength is 500-599nm is 17-19%, shared by the light quantity subnumber that wavelength is 600-699nm
The light quantity subnumber proportion that ratio is 50-55%, wavelength is 700-780nm is 13-17%.
6. a kind of plant factor's cultural method of capital water dish according to claim 1, it is characterised in that conventional in step (3)
After dish cultivated form Seeding planting, nutrient solution EC is 2.0-3.5mS/cm, and pH value controls the nutrition in nutrient solution between 6.5-8
Elemental constituent are as follows: potassium nitrate 780mg/L；Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 150mg/L；Potassium sulfate 330mg/L；Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron
30mg/L；Four water-calcium nitrate 450mg/L；Magnesium sulfate 110mg/L；Boric acid 2mg/L；Manganese sulfate monohydrate 1.5mg/L；White vitriol
0.25mg/L；Anhydrous cupric sulfate 0.13mg/L；Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate 0.03mg/L；Sugar alcohol calcium 0.1ml/L；Sugar alcohol magnesium 0.6ml/L；It is pure
Potassium type clear liquid fertilizer 0.3-0.8ml/L；3-5 days before harvesting, nutrient solution EC is reduced to 1.0-2.0mS/cm.
7. a kind of plant factor's cultural method of capital water dish according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (4) plant division harvesting
When, after breaking receipts for the first time, nutrient solution EC is improved to 2.0-3.5mS/cm, is broken before receipts again 3-5 days, nutrient solution EC is reduced to 1.0-
2.0mS/cm, nutrient solution EC is improved again to 2.0-3.5mS/cm after breaking receipts, is recycled with this.
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| CN115568386A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2023-01-06 | 合肥创农生物科技有限公司 | Planting method and equipment for prolonging leaf growing period of wheatgrass |
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