CN107306641A - A kind of implantation methods of balsam pear - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods of balsam pear Download PDFInfo
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- CN107306641A CN107306641A CN201710650646.8A CN201710650646A CN107306641A CN 107306641 A CN107306641 A CN 107306641A CN 201710650646 A CN201710650646 A CN 201710650646A CN 107306641 A CN107306641 A CN 107306641A
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- balsam pear
- seedling
- branch
- implantation methods
- furrow
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods of balsam pear, belong to proportion of crop planting field.The implantation methods of the balsam pear comprise the following steps：Seed of bitter gourd is soaked into 15 20h vernalization under the conditions of 35 50 DEG C；Seed of bitter gourd after germination is planted in the furrow of greenhouse, it is subjected to grafting with equally planting in the pumpkin seedling in greenhouse when balsam pear seedling length is to 8 12cm；Balsam pear seedling length after to be grafted determines branch to built progress five is climing during 20 25cm；Determine after branch using bumblebee pollination；Wherein five it is climing to determine branch be the bottom branch for cutting off the balsam pear seedling after draws climing restocking, 5 branches retained close to growing point are used as growth branch.The implantation methods are simple, easy to operate, can effectively extend fruiting period, reduce the incidence of disease, through the method plant obtained by balsam pear melon and fruit is excellent, yield is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting field, and more particularly to a kind of implantation methods of balsam pear.
Background technology
Balsam pear (Momordica charantia L.) also known as balsam pear, are cucurbitaceous plants.Balsam pear smell is bitter, nontoxic, property
It is cold, enter the heart, liver, spleen, lung channel, clear away heart-fire with clearing summer heat, improving eyesight removing toxic substances, reducing pressure and sugar, diuresis cool blood, solution labor, QI invigorating establishing-Yang
Effect, while also can hypoglycemic, antibacterial, adjust immune, antitumor, antiviral, antiatherosclerosis etc..Balsam pear nutrient is rich
Richness, the hat containing multivitamin and mineral matter, wherein Vitamin C content row melon-fruit-like vegetable is that the top grade of dietotherapeutic is special
Color vegetables.
Balsam pear grows naturally can produce a large amount of lateral bines, and main stem lateral bine can tie melon, and traditional cultivation mode is thin planting (60-
600 plants/acre) and slight training, the photosynthate of balsam pear is expended in large quantities in the growth of lateral bine, though using early-maturing variety,
Heating nursery ahead of time and the ahead of time method such as plant are taken, balsam pear is still difficult in production and does sth. in advance to concentrate harvesting, commodity melon
Regularity is also poor, and early yield and commodity be not high.
At present, the balsam pear spring sowing in most areas is using plastic sheeting, rice straw mulching culturing and transplanting seedlings.With industrial expansion,
The decline of agricultural land soil property directly results in balsam pear per mu yield decline.After one batch of balsam pear has been planted, the acid-base value in soil can become
Change, want crop rotation once within 3 years at least.In addition, balsam pear implantation methods of the prior art are relatively simple, comparison is typically chosen fertile
Fertile, well-drained soil, is flatly planted sun-drenched, the balsam pear meat planted out hard, poor taste, yield partially
It is low, and the problems such as illness rate high, poor quality are also deposited in planting process.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of implantation methods of balsam pear, this implantation methods is simple, easy to operate, can effectively prolong
Long fruiting period, reduces the incidence of disease and improves yield.
The present invention is solved its technical problem and realized using following technical scheme：
The present invention proposes a kind of implantation methods of balsam pear, and it comprises the following steps：
Seed of bitter gourd is soaked into 15-20h vernalization under the conditions of 35-50 DEG C；Seed of bitter gourd after germination is planted in big
In the furrow of canopy, it is subjected to grafting with equally planting in the pumpkin seedling in greenhouse when balsam pear seedling length is to 8-12cm；After to be grafted
Balsam pear seedling length to built during 20-25cm carry out five and climing determine branch；Determine after branch using bumblebee pollination；Wherein five climing to determine branch be to cut off to draw
The bottom branch of balsam pear seedling after climing restocking, retains 5 branches close to growing point as growth branch.
The beneficial effect of the implantation methods of the balsam pear of the embodiment of the present invention is：Seed of bitter gourd is soaked into 15-20h, is conducive to
Improve the germination percentage of seed, it is to avoid the later stage emerges and development time span caused by germination speed difference with a batch of seed
Greatly, it is unfavorable for controlling and planting；Soaking temperature is 35-50 DEG C, can effectively shorten the time needed for germination；By balsam pear seedling with
Pumpkin seedling carries out grafting, is conducive to improving the tolerance to insects of root, it is to avoid rotten；Using five it is climing determine branch method, be conducive to branch equal
Even absorption nutrient and uniform growth, and then promote plant to grow the titbit of large shape and bear balsam pear best in quality；Using bumblebee
Pollination can not only greatly improve yield, improve fruit quality, and the ratio of the lopsided melon and fruit of reduction can also avoid applied chemistry from awarding
The problems such as hormone that powder is brought pollutes.
Embodiment
, below will be in the embodiment of the present invention to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer
Technical scheme be clearly and completely described.Unreceipted actual conditions person, builds according to normal condition or manufacturer in embodiment
The condition of view is carried out.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, are the conventional production that can be obtained by commercially available purchase
Product.
The implantation methods of the balsam pear of the embodiment of the present invention are specifically described below.
The pure, particle that gets colors is uniform full and without the seed of bitter gourd gone mouldy, because of the more green balsam pear of white jade balsam pear strain
The quality of strain more preferably, is pretended to be preferred, the embodiment of the present invention can for example select the seed of bitter gourd of white jade balsam pear strain to make
To treat kind of a thing.Using the method for Steeping and budding, seed of bitter gourd is soaked into 15-20h with soak, is conducive to improving the germination of seed
Rate, it is to avoid with a batch of seed caused by germination speed difference the later stage emerge it is big with development time span, be unfavorable for control and
Plantation.Seed soaking temperature in the embodiment of the present invention for example could be arranged to 20-30 DEG C, and this temperature can effectively shorten seed hair
Time needed for bud.Preferably, it is 1 that soak, which for example can be weight ratio,:2-3:2-3 oak bark decoction, gulfweed and nettle
The mixed soaking solution of fiber crops, wherein oak bark decoction has progressive inhibitory action to a variety of fungal diseases, and gulfweed and nettle have
Help excite the natural resistance for being planted in greenhouse and outdoor crop, while the mycostatic purpose of suppression, the three can also be reached
Mixing has obvious stimulation as soak to the growth of the crops such as balsam pear.In addition, the soaking agent can also be dandelion
Soak, tansy soak and with compound insecticidal preparation made from garlic powder and paraffin water.
The germination efficiency highest of seed in vernalization under conditions of seed after immersion is placed in into 35-50 DEG C, this temperature range.
Treat that percentage of seedgermination, up to more than 90%, the seed after germination is planted in the furrow of greenhouse.Specifically, institute in the embodiment of the present invention
Furrow height for example can be 35-40cm, and width for example can be 100-110cm, the distance between two adjacent furrow example
Such as can be 20-30cm.The growth that interacts in order to avoid the phenomenon such as generation shading between adjacent balsam pear seedling, thus it is of the invention
Preferred plantation 1-2 row balsam pear seedlings in each furrow in embodiment, the seedling strain spacing of adjacent two plants of balsam pear seedlings is, for example, 30-40cm.
In order to improve the survival rate of seed of bitter gourd after germination, as preferred, stand-by furrow are managed before planting, such as
Preceding crop residuum, weeds are removed, and the stand-by furrow of full wafer are carried out disinfection.Preferably, can for example be used in the embodiment of the present invention
400-450 pounds/acre of pulverized limestone and the mixture of sym-closene pulvis carry out disinfection to stand-by furrow, pulverized limestone and three chloroethenes
The part by weight of nitrile uric acid pulvis such as can be 3-5:1, Disinfection Effect is optimal under this ratio.Wherein, sym-closene pulvis
It is that one kind can effectively prevent and treat soil infection disease, prevention damping-off, blight, the optimal selection medication of root rot, to being used as peace
Completely without evil.Further, it is also possible to be carried out disinfection with the medicament such as carbendazim, Bravo, formaldehyde, bromomethane and chloropicrin to it.
In order that all furrow soil carried out sterilization, furrow progress can also for example be turned in disinfecting process ventilative.
It is subjected to grafting with equally planting in the pumpkin seedling in the greenhouse when balsam pear seedling length is to 8-12cm, because of cushaw root
System is flourishing, and low temperature resistant high temperature resistance is not infected by soil-borne disease, therefore the two grafting can improve the tolerance to insects of balsam pear root, it is to avoid rotten
Root.Grafting procedures comprise the following steps：Using pumpkin seedling and balsam pear seedling as stock and scion, apart from root 55-60cm
Place cuts off pumpkin seedling, removes the top of section, pumpkin seedling is cut into tongue to the direction of section from section 0.4-0.6cm
The diameter of shape, i.e. pumpkin seedling cross section is gradually reduced along at section 0.4-0.6cm to the direction of section, and section is smooth
Face；Balsam pear seedling is being cut off apart from root 55-60cm position, and is making the tangent plane of balsam pear seedling and the bearing of trend of trunk be in 33-38 °
Angle, remove balsam pear seedling section bottom；The otch of balsam pear seedling is encased to the pumpkin seedling of ligulate, also i.e. by the tip of the tongue of pumpkin seedling
In the otch for being inserted upwardly into balsam pear seedling, and the two colligation is fixed, such as length available is 12-20cm, width is slightly larger than otch
The plastic film bag colligation of length, then clamp colligation position with plastics Grafting clip and be fixed.When pumpkin seedling and balsam pear seedling grafting
Position length can remove binding strap and Grafting clip after closing.
Balsam pear seedling length after to be grafted is to carrying out built to it during 20-25cm and determine branch.For the ease of by the branches and tendrils of balsam pear
Draw the shelf in restocking, the embodiment of the present invention and be preferably barricaded as " A " font or " Y " font, using the five climing branches for determining branch to balsam pear seedling
It is climing to be repaired.Specifically, by the balsam pear seedling after draws climing restocking in addition to 5 branches nearest from growing point below its growing point
Branch cut entirely, stay 5 branches as growth branch, namely retain 5 branches close to growing point and nearest from growing point
Bar, major branch and other all branches are cut, and 5 branches of reservation is replaced major branch continued growth, so that branch is uniform
Nutrient and uniform growth are absorbed, and then is conducive to growing the titbit of large shape and bears balsam pear best in quality.
As preferred, the embodiment of the present invention is pollinated after branch is determined using bumblebee.Because bumblebee individual is big, long lifespan, from head to foot
Fine hair, there is longer kiss, and the pollination to deep coronal flower is especially effective；Secondly, bumblebee has vigorous collection power, can resist evil
Bad environment, it is strong to low temperature, lower optical densities adaptive faculty, do not go out the sombre weather of nest in common honeybee, bumblebee can continue in field
Between gather；Furthermore, the sensitive information exchanging system that bumblebee has without honeybee can be gathered intently on chamber crop
Pollination is without going collision or being flown out from passage.Therefore, production can not only be greatly improved by being pollinated using the Pollination Modes
Amount, improves fruit quality, and the ratio of the lopsided melon and fruit of reduction can also avoid brought hormone pollution of applied chemistry pollination etc. from asking
Topic.
In planting process, in addition to balsam pear plant is applied fertilizer within different growth periods.In the embodiment of the present invention, fertilizer
Nitrogen, phosphorus, the part by weight of potassium such as can be 1-3 in material:1-5:1-5, optimal, its weight ratio is 2:3:4, it is bitter under this ratio
Melon growing way is best.Wherein, it is 1 that fertilizer, which can for example include weight ratio,:2-3:1:3-4 MAP, urea, potassium sulfate and grass
Wood ash, in addition, it can include Diammonium phosphate (DAP), nitrophosphate fertilizer and ammonium hydrogen carbonate etc..
For different growing stages plant, its demand to matrix has certain difference, therefore is determining branch in the embodiment of the present invention
It is 1 that cultivation matrix used, which includes weight ratio, in preceding greenhouse:1-4:1-2:5-10 bagasse, coconut palm chaff, become thoroughly decomposed rice chaff and vermiculite；
It is 1 to determine to add in the backward above-mentioned cultivation matrix of branch with bagasse weight ratio:4-6:3-5:2-3:1-2 brickbat slag, potassium sulfate,
Oil cake and pozzolana.Wherein, vermiculite is that a kind of mica ore expands at 980-990 DEG C and formed, and porosity is very high and richness
Containing mineral element necessary to the plants such as potassium, calcium, manganese and magnesium；Coconut palm chaff matrix structure is uniformly unified, and inside is spongiform fiber, energy
The moisture of itself 8 times of quality is enough absorbed, with good gas permeability and retentiveness；Oil cake is the various kind more containing oil component
The organic fertilizer that the residue of son, such as vegetable seed, cottonseed, sesame after squeezing and deoiling is made, its Mineral Elements Content enriches；Bai Liuhuo
Mountain ash chemism is high, adsorptivity is strong, has obvious hydraulic gelling property under the effect of hydraulicity exciting agent.In addition, this implementation
In cultivation matrix can also include perlite, mire, crystal mud etc..
In whole planting process, for the benefit of plant strain growth, it is preferred that for example can by temperature control 25-35 DEG C of daytime,
At 15-25 DEG C of night, suitably divulged information, suitably heated when temperature is low when temperature is high；It is 80- that moisture, which is controlled in soil moisture,
85%, relative air humidity is 70-80% in canopy, is suitably watered when humidity is relatively low, appropriate draining is carried out when humidity is higher.
In addition, because balsam pear is happiness intense light irradiation plant, therefore illumination condition can be improved according to the growing way of plant during whole plantation, rationally
Plantation, so that plant is able to sufficient illumination.
In order to improve the temperature of cultivation matrix in planting process, keep water supply in media and maintain the structure of matrix, prevent
Only pest attacks crop, preferably, the surface in the embodiment of the present invention also in matrix covers mulch film, to promote the life of plant
It is long.
The feature and performance to the present invention are described in further detail with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment 1
It is 1 with weight ratio:2:3 oak bark decoction, gulfweed and the mixed soaking solution of nettle is soaked under the conditions of 20 DEG C
White jade seed of bitter gourd 20h；Selection height is 35cm, and width is the furrow that the distance between 100cm and two adjacent furrow are 20cm
As stand-by furrow, weeding is carried out to stand-by furrow, and with 400 pounds/acre of pulverized limestone and the mixture pair of sym-closene pulvis
It carries out disinfection, and the weight of wherein pulverized limestone and Tritox uric acid pulvis is 3:1, also stand-by furrow are turned over while sterilization
Plough ventilative.By the seed after immersion under conditions of 35 DEG C vernalization to percentage of seedgermination up to planting the seed after germination after 92%
In the furrow of greenhouse, only 1 row balsam pear seedling of plantation, and the seedling strain spacing of adjacent two plants of balsam pear seedlings is 30cm in each furrow.Treat balsam pear
When seedling length is to 8cm, grafting is carried out using pumpkin seedling and balsam pear seedling as stock and scion, at the 55cm of root by pumpkin
Seedling is cut off, and removes the top of section, pumpkin seedling is cut into ligulate to section direction from section 0.4cm；Apart from root
55cm position cuts off balsam pear seedling, and the bearing of trend for making tangent plane and trunk is removed under balsam pear seedling section in 38 ° of angle
Portion；With length it is 12cm and width is slightly larger than the modeling of incision length in the otch that the tip of the tongue of pumpkin seedling is inserted upwardly into balsam pear seedling
Material bag film fixes grafting part colligation.The balsam pear seedling grown after grafting to 20cm length is drawn into " A " font shelf, growing point is stayed
The 5 piece branch continued growths nearest from the growing point and remaining branch is all cut below.Determine cultivation used in furrow before branch
It is 1 that matrix, which includes weight ratio,:1:1:5 bagasse, coconut palm chaff, become thoroughly decomposed rice chaff and vermiculite, determine in the backward cultivation matrix of branch addition with
Bagasse weight ratio is 1:4:3:2:1 brickbat slag, potassium sulfate, oil cake and pozzolana, determine to use after branch bumblebee pollination with
Form fruit.Using including weight ratio as 1:2:1:4 MAP, urea, the fertilizer of potassium sulfate and plant ash are to different growths
The balsam pear plant of phase is applied fertilizer, and Nitrogen, phosphorus, the part by weight of potassium are 1:1:1.Whole planting process is kept in canopy
Daytime and nocturnal temperature are respectively 25 DEG C and 15 DEG C, and soil moisture and relative air humidity are controlled as 80% and 70%, and
Give plant substantial light photograph.
Embodiment 2
It is 1 with weight ratio:3:2 oak bark decoction, gulfweed and the mixed soaking solution of nettle is soaked under the conditions of 30 DEG C
Green seed of bitter gourd 15h；Selection height is 40cm, and width is the furrow that the distance between 110cm and two adjacent furrow are 30cm
As stand-by furrow, weeding is carried out to stand-by furrow, and with 450 pounds/acre of pulverized limestone and the mixture pair of sym-closene pulvis
It carries out disinfection, and the weight of wherein pulverized limestone and Tritox uric acid pulvis is 5:1, also stand-by furrow are turned over while sterilization
Plough ventilative.By the seed after immersion under conditions of 50 DEG C vernalization to percentage of seedgermination up to planting the seed after germination after 95%
In the furrow of greenhouse, 2 row balsam pear seedlings are planted in each furrow, and the seedling strain spacing of adjacent two plants of balsam pear seedlings is 40cm.Treat balsam pear seedling
It is long to 12cm when, carry out grafting using pumpkin seedling and balsam pear seedling as stock and scion, at the 60cm of root by pumpkin
Seedling is cut off, and removes the top of section, pumpkin seedling is cut into ligulate to section direction from section 0.6cm；Apart from root
60cm position cuts off balsam pear seedling, and the bearing of trend for making tangent plane and trunk is removed under balsam pear seedling section in 33 ° of angle
Portion；With length it is 20cm and width is slightly larger than the modeling of incision length in the otch that the tip of the tongue of pumpkin seedling is inserted upwardly into balsam pear seedling
Material bag film fixes grafting part colligation.The balsam pear seedling grown after grafting to 25cm length is drawn into " Y " font shelf, growing point is stayed
The 5 piece branch continued growths nearest from the growing point and remaining branch is all cut below.Determine cultivation used in furrow before branch
It is 1 that matrix, which includes weight ratio,:4:2:10 bagasse, coconut palm chaff, become thoroughly decomposed rice chaff and vermiculite, determine in the backward cultivation matrix of branch addition with
Bagasse weight ratio is 1:6:5:3:2 brickbat slag, potassium sulfate, oil cake and pozzolana, determine to use after branch bumblebee pollination with
Form fruit.Using including weight ratio as 1:3:1:4 MAP, urea, the fertilizer of potassium sulfate and plant ash are to different growths
The balsam pear plant of phase is applied fertilizer, and Nitrogen, phosphorus, the part by weight of potassium are 3:5:5.Whole planting process is kept in canopy
Daytime and nocturnal temperature are respectively 35 DEG C and 25 DEG C, and soil moisture and relative air humidity are controlled as 85% and 80%, and
Give plant substantial light photograph.
Embodiment 3
It is 1 with weight ratio:1.5:1.5 oak bark decoction, gulfweed and the mixed soaking solution of nettle is under the conditions of 25 DEG C
Soak white jade seed of bitter gourd 17.5h；Selection height is 37cm, and width is that the distance between 105cm and two adjacent furrow are
35cm furrow carry out weeding to stand-by furrow as stand-by furrow, and with 425 pounds/acre of pulverized limestone and sym-closene pulvis
Mixture carries out disinfection to it, and the weight of wherein pulverized limestone and Tritox uric acid pulvis is 4:1, also to stand-by while sterilization
Furrow progress is turned over ventilative.By the seed after immersion under conditions of 42.5 DEG C vernalization to percentage of seedgermination up to will be after germination after 98%
Seed plant in the furrow of greenhouse, plant 2 row balsam pear seedlings in each furrow, and the seedling strain spacing of adjacent two plants of balsam pear seedlings is
35cm.When balsam pear seedling length is to 10cm, grafting is carried out using pumpkin seedling and balsam pear seedling as stock and scion, apart from root
Pumpkin seedling is cut off at 57.5cm, the top of section is removed, pumpkin seedling is cut into tongue to section direction from section 0.5cm
Shape；Balsam pear seedling is being cut off apart from root 57.5cm position, and the bearing of trend for making tangent plane and trunk is removed in 36 ° of angle
The bottom of balsam pear seedling section；In the otch that the tip of the tongue of pumpkin seedling is inserted upwardly into balsam pear seedling, with length be 16cm and width is bigger
Grafting part colligation is fixed in the plastic film bag of incision length.The balsam pear seedling grown after grafting to 22.5cm length is drawn " Y "
Font shelf, stays 5 branch continued growths nearest from the growing point below growing point and all cuts remaining branch.Determine branch
It is 1 that cultivation matrix used, which includes weight ratio, in preceding furrow:2.5:1.5:7.5 bagasse, coconut palm chaff, become thoroughly decomposed rice chaff and vermiculite, fixed
Addition and bagasse weight ratio are 1 in the backward cultivation matrix of branch:5:4:2.5:1.5 brickbat slag, potassium sulfate, oil cake and the white fiery red of pomegranate blossoms
Mountain ash, cultivation matrix surface is all covered with mulch film.Determine to use bumblebee pollination to form fruit after branch.Using including weight ratio as 1:
2.5:1:3.5 MAP, urea, the fertilizer of potassium sulfate and plant ash apply fertilizer to the balsam pear plant of different growing stages,
Nitrogen, phosphorus, the part by weight of potassium are 2:3:3.Whole planting process keeps daytime in canopy and the nocturnal temperature to be respectively
30 DEG C and 20 DEG C, soil moisture and relative air humidity are controlled as 83% and 75%, and give plant substantial light photograph.
Embodiment 4
White jade seed of bitter gourd 17.5h is soaked under the conditions of 25 DEG C with dandelion and tansy mixed soaking solution；Selection height be
37cm, width be the distance between 105cm and two adjacent furrow be 35cm furrow as stand-by furrow, stand-by furrow are removed
Grass, and it is carried out disinfection with 425 pounds/acre of carbendazim and formaldehyde mixed liquor, also stand-by furrow are turned over while sterilization
It is ventilative.By the seed after immersion under conditions of 42.5 DEG C vernalization to percentage of seedgermination up to planting the seed after germination after 98%
In the furrow of greenhouse, only 1 row balsam pear seedling of plantation, and the seedling strain spacing of adjacent two plants of balsam pear seedlings is 35cm in each furrow.Treat balsam pear
When seedling length is to 10cm, grafting is carried out using pumpkin seedling and balsam pear seedling as stock and scion, is being incited somebody to action at the 57.5cm of root
Pumpkin seedling is cut off, and removes the top of section, pumpkin seedling is cut into ligulate to section direction from section 0.5cm；In distance
Root 57.5cm position cut-out balsam pear seedling, and the bearing of trend for making tangent plane and trunk removes balsam pear seedling section in 36 ° of angle
Bottom；In the otch that the tip of the tongue of pumpkin seedling is inserted upwardly into balsam pear seedling, with length be 16cm and width is slightly larger than incision length
Plastic film bag grafting part colligation is fixed.The balsam pear seedling grown after grafting to 22.5cm length is drawn into " A " font shelf, stayed
The 5 piece branch continued growths nearest from the growing point below growing point simultaneously all cut remaining branch.Determine used in furrow before branch
Cultivation matrix include weight ratio be 1:2.5:1.5:7.5:3 bagasse, coconut palm chaff, the rice chaff that becomes thoroughly decomposed, vermiculite and crystal mud, determines branch
Addition and bagasse weight ratio are 1 in backward cultivation matrix:5:4:2.5:1.5:0.5 brickbat slag, potassium sulfate, oil cake, white pomegranate
Volcanic ash and mire, cultivation matrix surface are all covered with mulch film.Determine to use bumblebee pollination to form fruit after branch.With including weight
Than for 1:2.5:1:3.5:2:3 MAP, urea, potassium sulfate, plant ash, the fertilizer of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and nitrophosphate fertilizer is not to
Balsam pear plant with growth period is applied fertilizer, and Nitrogen, phosphorus, the part by weight of potassium are 2:3:4.Whole planting process is kept
Daytime and nocturnal temperature in canopy are respectively 30 DEG C and 20 DEG C, and soil moisture and relative air humidity are controlled as 83% He
75%, and give plant substantial light photograph.
Embodiment 5
White jade balsam pear kind is soaked under the conditions of 25 DEG C with compound insecticidal preparation soak made from garlic powder and paraffin water
Sub- 17.5h；Selection height be 37cm, width be the distance between 105cm and two adjacent furrow be 35cm furrow as stand-by
Stand-by furrow are carried out weeding by furrow, and it is carried out disinfection with 425 pounds/acre of Bravo, bromomethane and chloropicrin mixed liquor, are disappeared
Also the progress of stand-by furrow is turned over while malicious ventilative.By the seed after immersion under conditions of 42.5 DEG C vernalization to percentage of seedgermination
The seed after germination is planted in the furrow of greenhouse after up to 98%, only 1 row balsam pear seedling of plantation, and adjacent two plants of balsam pears in each furrow
The seedling strain spacing of seedling is 35cm.When balsam pear seedling length is to 10cm, carried out using pumpkin seedling and balsam pear seedling as stock and scion
Grafting, cuts off pumpkin seedling at the 57.5cm of root, remove section top, from section 0.5cm to section side
Ligulate is cut into by pumpkin seedling；Balsam pear seedling is being cut off apart from root 57.5cm position, and is making the bearing of trend of tangent plane and trunk
In 36 ° of angle, the bottom of balsam pear seedling section is removed；In the otch that the tip of the tongue of pumpkin seedling is inserted upwardly into balsam pear seedling, length is used
Plastic film bag for 16cm and width slightly larger than incision length fixes grafting part colligation.It will be grown after grafting to 22.5cm length
Balsam pear seedling draw " Y " font shelf, stay 5 branch continued growths nearest from the growing point below growing point and by remaining branch
Bar is all cut.It is 1 to determine cultivation matrix used in furrow before branch to include weight ratio:2.5:1.5:7.5 bagasse, coconut palm chaff, corruption
Ripe rice chaff and vermiculite, it is 1 to determine addition and bagasse weight ratio in the backward cultivation matrix of branch:5:4:2.5:1.5:1 brickbat slag, sulphur
Sour potassium, oil cake, pozzolana and perlite, cultivation matrix surface are all covered with mulch film.Determine to use bumblebee pollination after branch with shape
Into fruit.Using including weight ratio as 1:2.5:1:3.5:3 MAP, urea, potassium sulfate, the fertilizer of plant ash and ammonium hydrogen carbonate
Expect to apply fertilizer to the balsam pear plant of different growing stages, Nitrogen, phosphorus, the part by weight of potassium are 2:3:4.Whole planting process
Daytime and nocturnal temperature in holding canopy are respectively 30 DEG C and 20 DEG C, and soil moisture and relative air humidity are controlled as
83% and 75%, and give plant substantial light photograph.
Embodiment 6
It is 1 with weight ratio:1.5:1.5:1 oak bark decoction, gulfweed, nettle and the mixed soaking solution of dandelion is in 25
White jade seed of bitter gourd 18h is soaked under the conditions of DEG C；Selection height is 38cm, width be between 110cm and two adjacent furrow away from
From the furrow for 40cm as stand-by furrow, weeding is carried out to stand-by furrow, and with 425 pounds/acre of pulverized limestone and sym-closene powder
The mixture of agent carries out disinfection to it, and the weight of wherein pulverized limestone and Tritox uric acid pulvis is 4:1, it is also right while sterilization
Stand-by furrow progress is turned over ventilative.By the seed after immersion under conditions of 40 DEG C vernalization to percentage of seedgermination up to will germination after 98%
Seed afterwards is planted in the furrow of greenhouse, and 2 row balsam pear seedlings are planted in each furrow, and the seedling strain spacing of adjacent two plants of balsam pear seedlings is
35cm.When balsam pear seedling length is to 10cm, grafting is carried out using pumpkin seedling and balsam pear seedling as stock and scion, apart from root
Pumpkin seedling is cut off at 60cm, the top of section is removed, pumpkin seedling is cut into tongue to section direction from section 0.5cm
Shape；Balsam pear seedling is being cut off apart from root 60cm position, and the bearing of trend for making tangent plane and trunk is removed bitter in 35 ° of angle
The bottom of melon seedling section；In the otch that the tip of the tongue of pumpkin seedling is inserted upwardly into balsam pear seedling, with length be 15cm and width is slightly larger than
The plastic film bag of incision length fixes grafting part colligation.The balsam pear seedling grown after grafting to 25cm length is drawn into " Y " font
Shelf, stays 5 branch continued growths nearest from the growing point below growing point and all cuts remaining branch.Determine furrow before branch
In used cultivation matrix to include weight ratio be 1:3:1.5:8:2:3 bagasse, coconut palm chaff, the rice chaff that becomes thoroughly decomposed, vermiculite, perlite and
Crystal mud, it is 1 to determine addition and bagasse weight ratio in the backward cultivation matrix of branch:5:4:2.5:1.5 brickbat slag, potassium sulfate, oil
Withered and pozzolana, cultivation matrix surface is all covered with mulch film.Determine to use bumblebee pollination to form fruit after branch.With including weight
Amount is than being 1:2.5:1:3.5:3 MAP, urea, potassium sulfate, the fertilizer of plant ash and ammonium hydrogen carbonate are to different growing stages
Balsam pear plant applied fertilizer, Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium part by weight be 2:3:4.Whole planting process keeps white in canopy
It and nocturnal temperature are respectively 30 DEG C and 20 DEG C, and soil moisture and relative air humidity are controlled as 85% and 75%, and give
Plant substantial light is given to shine.
Balsam pear exquisite appearance obtained by plantation, glittering and translucent, color is white as a jade；Wherein white jade balsam pear fruit color is white, meat is more, juice
Many, tissue children is tender and more crisp than green balsam pear, and also more green balsam pear is lighter for bitter taste.
Repeat to implement above-described embodiment 1-6, plantation obtains enough balsam pears, and with the hardship as obtained by the various embodiments described above
Melon, respectively as test group 1-6, is respectively the He of control group 1 with the white jade balsam pear obtained by the plantation of common implantation methods and green balsam pear
Control group 2, respectively in Xi'an, Zhengzhou, Shenyang, 100 people of each random investigation in Jinan and 5, Chengdu city, 18-25 Sui age bracket
The 10% of 20%, 61-80 Sui age bracket of 40%, 41-60 Sui age bracket of 30%, 26-40 Sui age bracket is bitter to more than respectively
The mouthfeel of melon is evaluated, and is divided into following 5 grades：Extremely like (A), like (B), general (C) does not like (D), very not
Like (E), statistical result is as shown in table 1：
The balsam pear evaluation result of table 1
| A | B | C | D | E | |
| Embodiment 1 | 80% | 13% | 4% | 3% | - |
| Embodiment 2 | 70% | 20% | 5% | 3% | 2% |
| Embodiment 3 | 84% | 8% | 5% | 3% | - |
| Embodiment 4 | 88% | 10% | 2% | - | - |
| Embodiment 5 | 92% | 5% | 3% | - | - |
| Embodiment 6 | 96% | 4% | - | - | - |
| Control group 1 | 70% | 10% | 10% | 5% | 5% |
| Control group 2 | 55% | 17% | 12% | 6% | 10% |
As can be seen from Table 1, the more commercially available balsam pear of balsam pear that the embodiment of the present invention is planted out more conforms to each age group people
The taste of group.Its reason be the embodiment of the present invention in planting process using five it is climing determine branch and bumblebee pollination technique, and on the south
Melon is that stock carries out grafting, in favor of balsam pear plant uniform pickup nutrient and uniform growth, so as to bear balsam pear best in quality；
Embodiment 2 and more other groups of the institute of control group 2 are less received by crowd, and its reason is that this two groups use green balsam pear product
Kind, the kind balsam pear is few compared with white jade Bitter Melon Juice and heavy bitter taste；In addition, the balsam pear planted out with the implantation methods of embodiment 6 is most
Liked by crowd, one of its reason is that the balsam pear of the plantation is white jade balsam pear strain, and each soak in its planting process, disappeared
Toxic agent, cultivation matrix composition and the equal diversification of fertilizer type, and the amount respectively added it is moderate, it is proportioning work as, it is planting process temperature, wet
Each parameter such as degree, illumination is also for the optimal value needed for balsam pear grows, therefore the balsam pear mouthfeel planted out of the embodiment is most preferably, most by
Experimenter likes.
In addition, by contrast, the balsam pear that the more common implantation methods of balsam pear that the embodiment of the present invention is planted out are planted out is excellent
Fruit rate can improve 20-25%, and the incidence of disease can reduce 15-20%, and yield can improve 15-20%, and picking time can shift to an earlier date 1-1.5
Month.
In summary, the balsam pear melon and fruit of the embodiment of the present invention is excellent, in good taste, and its implantation methods is simple, easy to operate, can have
Effect extension fruiting period, reduces the incidence of disease.
Embodiments described above is a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.The reality of the present invention
The detailed description for applying example is not intended to limit the scope of claimed invention, but is merely representative of the selected implementation of the present invention
Example.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, what those of ordinary skill in the art were obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Every other embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of implantation methods of balsam pear, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Seed of bitter gourd is soaked into 15-20h vernalization under the conditions of 35-50 DEG C；The seed of bitter gourd after germination is planted in big
In the furrow of canopy, it is subjected to grafting with equally planting in the pumpkin seedling in the greenhouse when balsam pear seedling length is to 8-12cm；Wait to transfer
The balsam pear seedling length after connecing determines branch to built progress five is climing during 20-25cm；Determine after branch using bumblebee pollination；
Wherein, described five it is climing to determine branch be the bottom branch for cutting off the balsam pear seedling after draws climing restocking, retain 5 close to growing point
Root branch is used as growth branch.
2. the implantation methods of balsam pear according to claim 1, it is characterised in that grafting comprises the following steps：With the south
Melon seedling and the balsam pear seedling cut off the pumpkin seedling at the 55-60cm of root respectively as stock and scion, remove disconnected
The top in face, ligulate is cut into from the section 0.4-0.6cm to the direction of the section by the pumpkin seedling；In distance
Root 55-60cm position cuts off the balsam pear seedling, and makes the bearing of trend of tangent plane and trunk be in 33-38 ° of angle；Remove institute
The bottom of the section of balsam pear seedling is stated, the otch of the balsam pear seedling is encased into the pumpkin seedling of ligulate and the two colligation is fixed.
3. the implantation methods of balsam pear according to claim 1, it is characterised in that soak the balsam pear kind using soak
Son, the soak is that weight ratio is 1:2-3:2-3 oak bark decoction, gulfweed and the mixed soaking solution of nettle.
4. the implantation methods of balsam pear according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the height of the furrow is 35-40cm, width
For 100-110cm, the distance between two adjacent described furrow are 20-30cm.
5. the implantation methods of balsam pear according to claim 1, it is characterised in that before planting, are using containing weight ratio
3-5:1 pulverized limestone and the mixture of sym-closene pulvis carry out disinfection to the furrow, and amount of application is 400-450 pounds/acre.
6. the implantation methods of balsam pear according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also including to balsam pear plant in different lifes
Applied fertilizer in long-term, Nitrogen used, phosphorus, the weight ratio of potassium are 1-3:1-5:1-5.
7. the implantation methods of balsam pear according to claim 6, it is characterised in that it is 1 that the fertilizer, which includes weight ratio,:2-3:
1:3-4 MAP, urea, potassium sulfate and plant ash.
8. the implantation methods of balsam pear according to claim 1, it is characterised in that determine cultivation used in the greenhouse before branch
It is 1 that matrix, which includes weight ratio,:1-4:1-2:5-10 bagasse, coconut palm chaff, become thoroughly decomposed rice chaff and vermiculite.
9. the implantation methods of balsam pear according to claim 8, it is characterised in that determine to add in the backward cultivation matrix of branch
It is 1 with the bagasse weight ratio:4-6:3-5:2-3:1-2 brickbat slag, potassium sulfate, oil cake and pozzolana.
10. the implantation methods of balsam pear according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the soil described in planting process in greenhouse
Earth humidity is 80-85%.
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| CN107736101A (en) * | 2017-11-18 | 2018-02-27 | 吕强 | A kind of method of selenium-rich balsam pear grafting plantation |
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| CN108002897A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-08 | 烟台天华农业科技有限公司 | Seed of bitter gourd treatment fluid and seed of bitter gourd processing method |
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| CN108002897A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-08 | 烟台天华农业科技有限公司 | Seed of bitter gourd treatment fluid and seed of bitter gourd processing method |
| CN107996067A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-05-08 | 安徽省华禾种业有限公司 | A kind of method for improving seed of bitter gourd germination percentage |
| CN108781770A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-11-13 | 漯河丝络宝生物科技有限公司 | A method of extracting stoste from luffa vine/cucumber stem/balsampear stem |
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