CN110249987A - A kind of plant factor's cultural method of sonchus oleraceus - Google Patents
A kind of plant factor's cultural method of sonchus oleraceus Download PDFInfo
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- CN110249987A CN110249987A CN201910611579.8A CN201910611579A CN110249987A CN 110249987 A CN110249987 A CN 110249987A CN 201910611579 A CN201910611579 A CN 201910611579A CN 110249987 A CN110249987 A CN 110249987A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of plant factor's cultural method of sonchus oleraceus, the present invention passes through planting cup water planting and illumination condition is combined to promote root system healthy and strong, and nurturing staff may advantageously facilitate hare's-lettuce growth, improve the yield and quality, shortens growth period；Suitable temperature and humidity environment, recirculating nutrient solution are cultivated, and moulding early period and dark treatment are harvested, and are conducive to hare's-lettuce whole year production, control product colour, mouthfeel and quality；Be conducive to avoid pest and disease damage using plant factor's ventilation equipment and clean room plantation, in short, plant factor's water planting planting system is conducive to improve yield, reduce bitter taste, guaranteed quality provides new method for the development of sonchus oleraceus.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of vegetable cultivation, and in particular to a kind of plant factor's cultural method of sonchus oleraceus.
Background technique
Sonchus oleraceus (Sonchus oleraceus L.) is that composite family is annual or biennial herb plant, stem are in yellow-white,
Potassium rich in, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, young stem and leaf carrotene rich in, VB2 and VC, sonchus oleraceus mesh in sonchus oleraceus
It is preceding very popular in salad market as tender sprouts, it can eat raw, can also be cold and dressed with sauce or stir-fry and eat.Iron content in hare's-lettuce is high, can
Prevent anaemia, promote upgrowth and development of children, various amino acid are rich in tender leaf, food of the often feeding containing hare's-lettuce can prevent various bacteria
Or infectious disease caused by virus, the synthesis of human body interior antibody is peomoted, immunity of organisms is enhanced.Contain in the white slurry of sonchus oleraceus
Have " sonchus oleraceus essence ", resin, vitamin C and various flavonoid components, can all herbal medicine, there is clearing heat and detoxicating, cool blood to stop
The effect of blood, clearing damp decompression, be a kind of good health food.The tender succulence of the cauline leaf of sonchus oleraceus, tender stem leaf water content are up to
90%, stingless, hairless, slightly bitter taste, is a kind of good green forage.
Hare's-lettuce is liked to cool, hygrophilous happiness water, thermophilic fertile, not drought-resistant, relatively cold-resistant, and the sowing laundering period of greenhouse cultivation hare's-lettuce is
Late July to mid-August.Hare's-lettuce root system is thin and delicate, and movement wants light and slow when need to loosen the soil, and loosen the soil in time, avoids hurting its root.Seedling
Phase, soil preferably see it is dry see wet, moisture is excessive, will cause seedling excessive growth；Soil overdrying, hypohydration will cause seedling aging；?
Cauline leaf grows animated period, to keep ground moistening, water deficient, and it is overweight to will cause hare's-lettuce bitter taste, influences mouthfeel and quality；Growth
Later period can reduce moisture supply, it is ensured that quality in right amount.Hare's-lettuce Common Diseases have downy mildew, virosis, brown rot etc., virosis
Plant is caused to stunt, weaken, blade is tiny in band-like, and leaf color is deep mixed, greenery obvious short and small with normal plant
Quantity is on the low side, seriously affects output and quality.Brown rot endangers hare's-lettuce seedling root and stem, and main root browning is hung contracting, and seedling stands withered
It dies.Adult plant is caught an illness, and causes the root, stem and petiole browning of hare's-lettuce plant to rot, plant is wilted.The growth of current sonchus oleraceus is still
Based on wild, traditional cultivation yield is not high, bitter taste is big, market acceptance is low, is not able to satisfy people to hare's-lettuce escarole increasingly
The demand of growth, and do not have a kind of water planting planting system of scale at present, greatly hinder the development of sonchus oleraceus.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of plant works of sonchus oleraceus
Factory's cultural method, the present invention pass through planting cup water planting and illumination condition are combined to promote root growth, and nurturing staff is conducive to improve
Yield and quality shortens growth period；Suitable temperature and humidity environment, recirculating nutrient solution are cultivated, moulding and dark treatment before harvesting, favorably
In hare's-lettuce whole year production, product colour, mouthfeel and quality are controlled；It is planted using plant factor's ventilation equipment and clean room advantageous
In avoiding pest and disease damage, in short, plant factor's water planting planting system is conducive to improve yield, bitter taste is reduced, guaranteed quality is
The production of sonchus oleraceus provides new method.
The specific technical solution that the present invention takes is:
A kind of plant factor's cultural method of sonchus oleraceus, includes the following steps:
(1) after seed is impregnated 15-20 minutes in 55 DEG C of water, 2-6h seed treatment and vernalization: is impregnated in normal-temperature water；
Will sowing medium is wet is placed in planting cup, the seed of immersion is pulled out and dries rear upper seeding in sowing medium, at 15-18 DEG C
Vernalization 12-24h carries out seedling management after budding；
(2) nursery: nursery is carried out using recirculating nutrient solution, nursery stage includes root growth phase and leaf growth phase；
The root growth phase: to Seed sprouting, skin cracking is planted, is moved to when showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and carries out root growth on seedling bed, density is
1000-1500 plants/m2, cultivated 3-5 days with clear water early period, low concentration nutrient solution added after seedling grows cotyledon；
The leaf growth phase: flattening to cotyledon, and main root passes through medium bottom, properly increases nutrient solution EC at this time, long to blade
To 4-6 piece leaf, seedling stalwartness can carry out a point cultivation field planting；
Nursery stage environmental condition are as follows: diurnal temperature maintains 15~20 DEG C/10~15 DEG C；Humidity is 50~90%；Nutrition
Liquid temperature maintains 15~20 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 400-1200ppm；
(3) it is colonized: being cultivated using recirculating nutrient solution, setting date environmental condition are as follows: diurnal temperature maintains 23~27
DEG C/20~23 DEG C；Humidity is 50~90%；Solution temperature maintains 18~22 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 400-
1200ppm；
Leafage growth period: when seedling length to 4 true leaves, a point cultivation field planting is carried out, planting density is 50-200 plants/m2, benefit
It is cultivated with recirculating nutrient solution, nutrient solution height is not cross root system 1-3cm；
After sonchus oleraceus leafage is formed, there are two types of processing method, method one can get conventional greenery sonchus oleraceus, method two
It can get gold zone sonchus oleraceus；
Method one: continue to grow according to the cultivation condition in leafage growth period；
Method two: after sonchus oleraceus leafage is formed, plant shape constraint is carried out to sonchus oleraceus plant using moulding planting cup, is gone forward side by side
Row dark processing, dark processing gradually decrease nutrient solution concentration after starting；
(4) it harvests:
The harvesting of gold zone sonchus oleraceus: picking methods are directly to harvest, and are specially faint yellow to the blade of dark period regulation to 2/3
When, root is carried out to whole sonchus oleraceus and is harvested；
The harvesting of greenery sonchus oleraceus: continuous harvesting directly harvests；
Continuous harvesting: after big leafage forms and starts to put forth, being gathered at base portion 1-2cm, 2-3 days can before harvesting
Nutrient solution concentration is reduced, nutrient solution is replenished in time after gathering in normal level, can continue within 15-20 days to harvest；
Directly harvesting: after big leafage forms and starts to put forth, root is carried out to whole and is harvested.
In order to preferably realize the present invention, root growth phase light conditions are as follows: intensity of illumination is 150-250 μm of olm-2·
s-1, light irradiation time 12-18h/d, spectral composition are as follows: the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 400-499nm is 21-25%, wave
The light quantity subnumber proportion of long 500-599nm is 14-15%, the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 600-699nm is 46-
50%, other wavelength light quantum number proportions are 12-17%.
In order to preferably realize the present invention, root growth phase nutrient solution EC is 0.6-1.0mS/cm, pH value control 5-8 it
Between, nutrient component in nutrient solution are as follows: potassium nitrate 780mg/L；Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 150mg/L；Potassium sulfate 330mg/L；Second two
Amine tetraacethyl-sodium iron 30mg/L；Four water-calcium nitrate 450mg/L；Magnesium sulfate 110mg/L；Boric acid 2mg/L；Manganese sulfate monohydrate
1.5mg/L；White vitriol 0.25mg/L；Anhydrous cupric sulfate 0.13mg/L；Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate 0.03mg/L；Sugar alcohol calcium 0.1ml/
L；Sugar alcohol magnesium 0.6ml/L；Pure potassium type clear liquid fertilizer 0.3-0.8ml/L.
In order to preferably realize the present invention, leaf growth phase light conditions are as follows: intensity of illumination is 200-250 μm of olm-2·
s-1, light irradiation time 8-14h/d, spectral composition are as follows: the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 400-499nm is 21-25%, wavelength
The light quantity subnumber proportion of 500-599nm is 14-15%, the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 600-699nm is 46-
50%, other wavelength light quantum number proportions are 12-17%.
In order to preferably realize the present invention, leaf growth phase nutrient solution EC is 0.8-1.5mS/cm, pH value control 5-8 it
Between, nutrient component in nutrient solution are as follows: potassium nitrate 780mg/L；Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 150mg/L；Potassium sulfate 330mg/L；Second two
Amine tetraacethyl-sodium iron 30mg/L；Four water-calcium nitrate 450mg/L；Magnesium sulfate 110mg/L；Boric acid 2mg/L；Manganese sulfate monohydrate
1.5mg/L；White vitriol 0.25mg/L；Anhydrous cupric sulfate 0.13mg/L；Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate 0.03mg/L；Sugar alcohol calcium 0.1ml/
L；Sugar alcohol magnesium 0.6ml/L；Pure potassium type clear liquid fertilizer 0.3-0.8ml/L.
In order to preferably realize the present invention, setting date light conditions are as follows: intensity of illumination is 200-300 μm of olm-2·s-1,
Light irradiation time is 8-14h/d, spectral composition: light quantity subnumber proportion≤0.1%, the wavelength 400- of wavelength 380-399nm
The light quantity subnumber proportion that the light quantity subnumber proportion of 499nm is 13-15%, wavelength is 500-599nm be 17-19%,
The light quantity subnumber proportion that the light quantity subnumber proportion that wavelength is 600-699nm is 50-55%, wavelength is 700-780nm
For 13-17%.
In order to preferably realize the present invention, setting date nutrient solution EC is 2.0-3.5mS/cm, and pH value controls between 5-8,
Nutrient component in nutrient solution are as follows: potassium nitrate 780mg/L；Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 150mg/L；Potassium sulfate 330mg/L；Ethylenediamine tetraacetic
Acetic acid-sodium iron 30mg/L；Four water-calcium nitrate 450mg/L；Magnesium sulfate 110mg/L；Boric acid 2mg/L；Manganese sulfate monohydrate 1.5mg/L；
White vitriol 0.25mg/L；Anhydrous cupric sulfate 0.13mg/L；Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate 0.03mg/L；Sugar alcohol calcium 0.1ml/L；Sugar alcohol magnesium
0.6ml/L；Pure potassium type clear liquid fertilizer 0.3-0.8ml/L.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1, the present invention can also cause root system to be broken, influence to give birth to using planting cup water planting convenient for a point cultivation to avoid warped roots
It is long, and promote root growth by adjusting nutrient solution and regulation illumination condition, improve yield；
2, the suitable temperature and humidity environment of the present invention can cultivate the seedling of neat stalwartness, be conducive to raising yield, the anniversary carries out
Production；
3, plant factor's clean room and good ventilation condition, effectively avoid pest and disease damage；
4, the present invention carries out nursery using recirculating nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution of flowing is conducive to root system development and nutrient absorption,
Promote leaf growth, improves yield；And need to increase nitrogenous fertilizer before traditional cultivation harvesting, it is dense to improve nutrient solution for recirculating nutrient solution plantation
Nitrogenous fertilizer can not individually be increased after degree；
5, the present invention dark phase processing before harvesting, moulding adjustment, the gold zone hare's-lettuce bitter taste of acquisition is small, improves sonchus oleraceus
Mouthfeel and quality.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to embodiment, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto,
Without departing from the idea case in the present invention described above, according to ordinary skill knowledge and customary means, various replace is made
It changes and changes, should all be included within the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of plant factor's cultural method of sonchus oleraceus, includes the following steps:
(1) after seed is impregnated 15 minutes in 55 DEG C of water, 6h seed treatment and vernalization: is impregnated in normal-temperature water；It will broadcast
Kind of medium is wet to be placed in planting cup, and the seed of immersion is pulled out and dries rear upper seeding in sowing medium, sonchus oleraceus seed it is small and
Gently, power is weak on top, and upper seeding is conducive to emergence neatly, and vernalization for 24 hours, carries out seedling management at 15 DEG C after budding；
(2) nursery, nutrient component in nutrient solution are as follows: potassium nitrate 780mg/L nursery: are carried out using recirculating nutrient solution；
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 150mg/L；Potassium sulfate 330mg/L；Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron 30mg/L；Four water-calcium nitrate 450mg/L；Sulphur
Sour magnesium 110mg/L；Boric acid 2mg/L；Manganese sulfate monohydrate 1.5mg/L；White vitriol 0.25mg/L；Anhydrous cupric sulfate 0.13mg/
L；Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate 0.03mg/L；Sugar alcohol calcium 0.1ml/L；Sugar alcohol magnesium 0.6ml/L；Pure potassium type clear liquid fertilizer 0.3-0.8ml/L；Nutrition
Liquid pH value controls between 5-8, and nursery stage includes root growth phase and leaf growth phase；Entire nursery stage plant lamp,
Light source light spectrum composition are as follows: the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 400-499nm is the light quantity subnumber of 21%, wavelength 500-599nm
Proportion is 14%, the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 600-699nm is 50%, other wavelength light quantum number proportions
It is 15%；
The root growth phase: to Seed sprouting, skin cracking is planted, is moved to when showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and carries out root growth on seedling bed, density is
1200 plants/m2, root growth phase light source intensity of illumination is 150 μm of olm-2·s-1, light irradiation time 18h/d, by extending light
It may advantageously facilitate root growth, lateral root hair tonic according to the time；Hare's-lettuce root system is thin and delicate, and growth is slower, and early period is to avoid long algae available clear
Water planting is educated 3 days, and low concentration nutrient solution is added after seedling grows cotyledon, promotes plant strain growth, and nutrient solution EC is 0.6-1.0mS/cm；
The leaf growth phase: flattening to cotyledon, and main root passes through medium bottom, properly increases nutrient solution EC to 0.8- at this time
1.5mS/cm, light source intensity of illumination are 200 μm of olm-2·s-1, light irradiation time 14h/d, after blade length to 4-6 piece leaf,
Seedling stalwartness can carry out a point cultivation field planting；
Nursery stage environmental condition are as follows: diurnal temperature maintains 15~20 DEG C/10~15 DEG C；Humidity is 50~90%；Nutrition
Liquid temperature maintains 15~20 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 400-1200ppm；
(3) it is colonized:
Leafage growth period: when seedling length to 4 true leaves, a point cultivation field planting is carried out, a point cultivation is conducive to by planting cup plantation
Convenience, root system can also be caused to be broken to avoid warped roots, influence to grow, planting density be 120 plants/m2, utilize circulation
Nutrient solution is cultivated, and to promote root system development good, reduces nutrient solution height, nutrient solution height is not cross root system 1-3cm；
After sonchus oleraceus leafage is formed, continue the CMC model according to leafage growth period, after forming big leafage, cauline leaf is numerous
Cyclopentadienyl, leaf amount is big, is all dense leafage before beginning of putting forth；
Setting date environmental condition are as follows: diurnal temperature maintains 23~27 DEG C/20~23 DEG C；Humidity is 50~90%；Nutrition
Liquid temperature maintains 18~22 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 400-1200ppm；Setting date light conditions are as follows: intensity of illumination 200
μmol·m-2·s-1, light irradiation time 8h/d, spectral composition: the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 380-399nm is 0, wavelength
The light quantity subnumber proportion that light quantity subnumber proportion for 400-499nm is 13%, wavelength is 500-599nm is 17%,
The light quantity subnumber proportion that the light quantity subnumber proportion that wavelength is 600-699nm is 55%, wavelength is 700-780nm is
15%；Setting date nutrient solution EC is 2.0-3.5mS/cm, and pH value controls nutrient and nursery stage in nutrient solution between 5-8
Unanimously；
(4) harvest: continuous harvesting after big leafage forms and starts to put forth, is gathered at base portion 1-2cm, is harvested
Nutrient solution concentration can be reduced within first 3 days, nutrient solution is replenished in time after gathering in normal level, can continue within 15-20 days to harvest.
Embodiment 2
A kind of plant factor's cultural method of sonchus oleraceus, includes the following steps:
(1) seed treatment and vernalization: seed is impregnated after twenty minutes in 55 DEG C of water, 3h is impregnated in normal-temperature water；It will broadcast
Kind of medium is wet to be placed in planting cup, and the seed of soaking is pulled out and dries rear upper seeding in sowing medium, sonchus oleraceus seed it is small and
Gently, power is weak on top, and upper seeding is conducive to emergence neatly, and the vernalization 16h at 18 DEG C carries out seedling management after budding；
(2) nursery, nutrient component in nutrient solution are as follows: potassium nitrate 780mg/L nursery: are carried out using recirculating nutrient solution；
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 150mg/L；Potassium sulfate 330mg/L；Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron 30mg/L；Four water-calcium nitrate 450mg/L；Sulphur
Sour magnesium 110mg/L；Boric acid 2mg/L；Manganese sulfate monohydrate 1.5mg/L；White vitriol 0.25mg/L；Anhydrous cupric sulfate 0.13mg/
L；Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate 0.03mg/L；Sugar alcohol calcium 0.1ml/L；Sugar alcohol magnesium 0.6ml/L；Pure potassium type clear liquid fertilizer 0.3-0.8ml/L；Nutrition
Liquid pH value controls between 5-8, and nursery stage includes root growth phase and leaf growth phase；Entire nursery stage plant lamp,
Light source light spectrum composition are as follows: the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 400-499nm is the light quantity subnumber of 21%, wavelength 500-599nm
Proportion is 14%, the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 600-699nm is 48%, other wavelength light quantum number proportions
It is 17%；
The root growth phase: to Seed sprouting, skin cracking is planted, is moved to when showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and carries out root growth on seedling bed, density is
1200 plants/m2, root growth phase light source intensity of illumination is 250 μm of olm-2·s-1, light irradiation time 12h/d, by extending light
It may advantageously facilitate root growth, lateral root hair tonic according to the time；Hare's-lettuce root system is thin and delicate, and growth is slower, and early period is to avoid long algae available clear
Water planting is educated 3 days, and low concentration nutrient solution is added after seedling grows cotyledon, promotes plant strain growth, and nutrient solution EC is 0.6-1.0mS/cm；
The leaf growth phase: flattening to cotyledon, and main root passes through medium bottom, properly increases nutrient solution EC to 0.8- at this time
1.5mS/cm, light source intensity of illumination are 250 μm of olm-2·s-1, light irradiation time 8h/d, after blade length to 4-6 piece leaf, children
Seedling stalwartness can carry out a point cultivation field planting；
Nursery stage environmental condition are as follows: diurnal temperature maintains 15~20 DEG C/10~15 DEG C；Humidity is 50~90%；Nutrition
Liquid temperature maintains 15~20 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 400-1200ppm；
(3) it is colonized:
Leafage growth period: when seedling length to 4 true leaves, a point cultivation field planting is carried out, a point cultivation is conducive to by planting cup plantation
Convenience, root system can also be caused to be broken to avoid warped roots, influence to grow, planting density be 50-200 plants/m2, utilize
Recirculating nutrient solution is cultivated, and to promote root system development good, reduces nutrient solution height, nutrient solution height is not cross root system 1-
3cm；
For acquisition gold zone sonchus oleraceus, the mouthfeel of sonchus oleraceus is improved, after sonchus oleraceus leafage is formed, about 7-10 days before harvesting,
Plant shape constraint is carried out to sonchus oleraceus plant using moulding planting cup, and carries out dark processing, dark processing can gradually drop after starting
Low nutrition liquid concentration；
Setting date environmental condition are as follows: diurnal temperature maintains 23~27 DEG C/20~23 DEG C；Humidity is 50~90%；Nutrition
Liquid temperature maintains 18~22 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 400-1200ppm；Setting date light conditions are as follows: intensity of illumination 300
μmol·m-2·s-1, light irradiation time 8h/d, spectral composition: the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 380-399nm is 0, wavelength
The light quantity subnumber proportion that light quantity subnumber proportion for 400-499nm is 13%, wavelength is 500-599nm is 17%,
The light quantity subnumber proportion that the light quantity subnumber proportion that wavelength is 600-699nm is 53%, wavelength is 700-780nm is
17%；Setting date nutrient solution EC is 2.0-3.5mS/cm, and pH value controls nutrient and nursery stage in nutrient solution between 5-8
Unanimously；
(4) harvest: directly harvest, specially when the blade of dark period regulation to 2/3 be it is faint yellow when, to whole sonchus oleraceus into
Row goes root to harvest.
Embodiment 3
A kind of plant factor's cultural method of sonchus oleraceus, includes the following steps:
(1) after seed is impregnated 18 minutes in 55 DEG C of water, 4h seed treatment and vernalization: is impregnated in normal-temperature water；It will broadcast
Kind of medium is wet to be placed in planting cup, and the seed of soaking is pulled out and dries rear upper seeding in sowing medium, sonchus oleraceus seed it is small and
Gently, power is weak on top, and upper seeding is conducive to emergence neatly, and the vernalization 18h at 17 DEG C carries out seedling management after budding；
(2) nursery, nutrient component in nutrient solution are as follows: potassium nitrate 780mg/L nursery: are carried out using recirculating nutrient solution；
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 150mg/L；Potassium sulfate 330mg/L；Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron 30mg/L；Four water-calcium nitrate 450mg/L；Sulphur
Sour magnesium 110mg/L；Boric acid 2mg/L；Manganese sulfate monohydrate 1.5mg/L；White vitriol 0.25mg/L；Anhydrous cupric sulfate 0.13mg/
L；Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate 0.03mg/L；Sugar alcohol calcium 0.1ml/L；Sugar alcohol magnesium 0.6ml/L；Pure potassium type clear liquid fertilizer 0.3-0.8ml/L；Nutrition
Liquid pH value controls between 5-8, and nursery stage includes root growth phase and leaf growth phase；Entire nursery stage plant lamp,
Light source light spectrum composition are as follows: the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 400-499nm is the light quantity subnumber of 23%, wavelength 500-599nm
Proportion is 14.5%, the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 600-699nm is 46%, other wavelength light quantum number institute accountings
Example is 16.5%；
The root growth phase: to Seed sprouting, skin cracking is planted, is moved to when showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and carries out root growth on seedling bed, density is
1200 plants/m2, root growth phase light source intensity of illumination is 200 μm of olm-2·s-1, light irradiation time 15h/d, by extending light
It may advantageously facilitate root growth, lateral root hair tonic according to the time；Hare's-lettuce root system is thin and delicate, and growth is slower, and early period is to avoid long algae available clear
Water planting is educated 4 days, and low concentration nutrient solution is added after seedling grows cotyledon, promotes plant strain growth, and nutrient solution EC is 0.6-1.0mS/cm；
The leaf growth phase: flattening to cotyledon, and main root passes through medium bottom, properly increases nutrient solution EC to 0.8- at this time
1.5mS/cm, light source intensity of illumination are 220 μm of olm-2·s-1, light irradiation time 11h/d, after blade length to 4-6 piece leaf,
Seedling stalwartness can carry out a point cultivation field planting；
Nursery stage environmental condition are as follows: diurnal temperature maintains 15~20 DEG C/10~15 DEG C；Humidity is 50~90%；Nutrition
Liquid temperature maintains 15~20 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 400-1200ppm；
(3) it is colonized:
Leafage growth period: when seedling length to 4 true leaves, a point cultivation field planting is carried out, a point cultivation is conducive to by planting cup plantation
Convenience, root system can also be caused to be broken to avoid warped roots, influence to grow, planting density be 120 plants/m2, utilize circulation
Nutrient solution is cultivated, and to promote root system development good, reduces nutrient solution height, nutrient solution height is not cross root system 1-3cm；
After sonchus oleraceus leafage is formed, continue the CMC model according to leafage growth period, after forming big leafage, cauline leaf is numerous
Cyclopentadienyl, leaf amount is big, and dense leafage is all before starting to put forth；
Setting date environmental condition are as follows: diurnal temperature maintains 23~27 DEG C/20~23 DEG C；Humidity is 50~90%；Nutrition
Liquid temperature maintains 18~22 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 400-1200ppm；Setting date light conditions are as follows: intensity of illumination 250
μmol·m-2·s-1, light irradiation time 11h/d, spectral composition: the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 380-399nm is 0, wave
The light quantity subnumber proportion that the light quantity subnumber proportion of a length of 400-499nm is 14%, wavelength is 500-599nm is
18%, the shared ratio of the light quantity subnumber that the light quantity subnumber proportion that wavelength is 600-699nm is 52%, wavelength is 700-780nm
Example is 16%；Setting date nutrient solution EC be 2.0-3.5mS/cm, pH value control between 5-8, in nutrient solution nutrient with educate
Seedling stage is consistent；
(4) it harvests: directly harvesting, after big leafage forms and starts to put forth, root is carried out to whole sonchus oleraceus and is harvested.
Plant factor's cultural method and the prior art of sonchus oleraceus described in embodiment 2 compare, shown in table specific as follows:
| Prior art | The prior art | |
| Product colour | Quan Lv | Outer leaf green, lobus cardiacus are mostly yellow |
| Mouthfeel | It is bitter | Mouthfeel slight bitter, sweetish after-taste |
| Yield | 37500-60000kg/ha | 108000-162000kg/ha |
Although the various embodiments described above are described, once a person skilled in the art knows basic wounds
The property made concept, then additional changes and modifications can be made to these embodiments, so the above description is only an embodiment of the present invention,
It is not intended to limit scope of patent protection of the invention, it is all to utilize equivalent structure or equivalent made by present specification
Process transformation, being applied directly or indirectly in other relevant technical fields, similarly includes in patent protection model of the invention
Within enclosing.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of plant factor's cultural method of sonchus oleraceus, which comprises the steps of:
(1) after seed is impregnated 15-20 minutes in 55 DEG C of water, 2-6h seed treatment and vernalization: is impregnated in normal-temperature water；It will broadcast
Kind of medium is wet to be placed in planting cup, and the seed of immersion is pulled out and dries rear upper seeding in sowing medium, the vernalization at 15-18 DEG C
12-24h carries out seedling management after budding；
(2) nursery: nursery is carried out using recirculating nutrient solution, nursery stage includes root growth phase and leaf growth phase；
The root growth phase: to Seed sprouting, planting skin cracking, move to when showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and carry out root growth on seedling bed, density 1000-
1500 plants/m2, cultivated 3-5 days with clear water early period, low concentration nutrient solution added after seedling grows cotyledon；
The leaf growth phase: flattening to cotyledon, and main root passes through medium bottom, properly increases nutrient solution EC at this time, long to 4-6 to blade
After piece leaf, seedling stalwartness can carry out a point cultivation field planting；
Nursery stage environmental condition are as follows: diurnal temperature maintains 15~20 DEG C/10~15 DEG C；Humidity is 50~90%；Nutrient solution temperature
Degree maintains 15~20 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 300-500ppm；
(3) it is colonized: being cultivated using recirculating nutrient solution, setting date environmental condition are as follows: diurnal temperature maintains 23~27 DEG C/20
~23 DEG C；Humidity is 50~90%；Solution temperature maintains 18~22 DEG C；Gas concentration lwevel is 400-1200ppm；
Leafage growth period: when seedling length to 4 true leaves, a point cultivation field planting is carried out, planting density is 50-200 plants/m2, utilize circulation
Nutrient solution is cultivated, and nutrient solution height is not cross root system 1-3cm；
After sonchus oleraceus leafage is formed, there are two types of processing method, method one can get conventional greenery sonchus oleraceus, and method two can obtain
Obtain gold zone sonchus oleraceus；
Method one: continue to grow according to the cultivation condition in leafage growth period；
Method two: after sonchus oleraceus leafage is formed, plant shape constraint is carried out to sonchus oleraceus plant using moulding planting cup, and carry out black
Dark treatment, dark processing gradually decrease nutrient solution concentration after starting；
(4) it harvests:
The harvesting of gold zone sonchus oleraceus: picking methods are directly to harvest, specially when the blade of dark period regulation to 2/3 is faint yellow,
Root is carried out to whole sonchus oleraceus to harvest；
The harvesting of greenery sonchus oleraceus: continuous harvesting directly harvests；
Continuous harvesting: after big leafage forms and starts to put forth, being gathered at base portion 1-2cm, can be reduced within 2-3 days before harvesting
Nutrient solution is replenished in time to normal level in nutrient solution concentration after gathering in, and can continue within 15-20 days to harvest；
Directly harvesting: after big leafage forms and starts to put forth, root is carried out to whole and is harvested.
2. plant factor's cultural method of a kind of sonchus oleraceus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that root growth phase light source
Condition are as follows: intensity of illumination is 150-250 μm of olm-2·s-1, light irradiation time 12-18h/d, spectral composition are as follows: wavelength 400-
The light quantity subnumber proportion of 499nm is 21-25%, the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 500-599nm is 14-15%, wave
The light quantity subnumber proportion of long 600-699nm is 46-50%, other wavelength light quantum number proportions are 12-17%.
3. plant factor's cultural method of a kind of sonchus oleraceus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the nutrition of root growth phase
Liquid EC is 0.6-1.0mS/cm, and pH value controls the nutrient component in nutrient solution are as follows: potassium nitrate 780mg/L between 5-8；Phosphorus
Acid dihydride ammonium 150mg/L；Potassium sulfate 330mg/L；Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron 30mg/L；Four water-calcium nitrate 450mg/L；Sulfuric acid
Magnesium 110mg/L；Boric acid 2mg/L；Manganese sulfate monohydrate 1.5mg/L；White vitriol 0.25mg/L；Anhydrous cupric sulfate 0.13mg/L；
Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate 0.03mg/L；Sugar alcohol calcium 0.1ml/L；Sugar alcohol magnesium 0.6ml/L；Pure potassium type clear liquid fertilizer 0.3-0.8ml/L.
4. plant factor's cultural method of a kind of sonchus oleraceus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that leaf growth phase light source
Condition are as follows: intensity of illumination is 200-250 μm of olm-2·s-1, light irradiation time 8-14h/d, spectral composition are as follows: wavelength 400-
The light quantity subnumber proportion of 499nm is 21-25%, the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 500-599nm is 14-15%, wave
The light quantity subnumber proportion of long 600-699nm is 46-50%, other wavelength light quantum number proportions are 12-17%.
5. plant factor's cultural method of a kind of sonchus oleraceus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the nutrition of leaf growth phase
Liquid EC is 0.8-1.5mS/cm, and pH value controls the nutrient component in nutrient solution are as follows: potassium nitrate 780mg/L between 5-8；Phosphorus
Acid dihydride ammonium 150mg/L；Potassium sulfate 330mg/L；Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron 30mg/L；Four water-calcium nitrate 450mg/L；Sulfuric acid
Magnesium 110mg/L；Boric acid 2mg/L；Manganese sulfate monohydrate 1.5mg/L；White vitriol 0.25mg/L；Anhydrous cupric sulfate 0.13mg/L；
Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate 0.03mg/L；Sugar alcohol calcium 0.1ml/L；Sugar alcohol magnesium 0.6ml/L；Pure potassium type clear liquid fertilizer 0.3-0.8ml/L.
6. plant factor's cultural method of a kind of sonchus oleraceus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that setting date light conditions
Are as follows: intensity of illumination is 200-300 μm of olm-2·s-1, light irradiation time 8-14h/d, spectral composition are as follows: wavelength 380-399nm
Light quantity subnumber proportion≤0.1%, wavelength be 400-499nm light quantity subnumber proportion be 13-15%, wavelength is
The light quantity subnumber proportion that the light quantity subnumber proportion of 500-599nm is 17-19%, wavelength is 600-699nm is 50-
55%, the light quantity subnumber proportion that wavelength is 700-780nm is 13-17%.
7. plant factor's cultural method of a kind of sonchus oleraceus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that setting date nutrient solution EC
For 2.0-3.5mS/cm, pH value controls the nutrient component in nutrient solution are as follows: potassium nitrate 780mg/L between 5-8；Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen ammonium 150mg/L；Potassium sulfate 330mg/L；Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron 30mg/L；Four water-calcium nitrate 450mg/L；Magnesium sulfate
110mg/L；Boric acid 2mg/L；Manganese sulfate monohydrate 1.5mg/L；White vitriol 0.25mg/L；Anhydrous cupric sulfate 0.13mg/L；Four
Water ammonium molybdate 0.03mg/L；Sugar alcohol calcium 0.1ml/L；Sugar alcohol magnesium 0.6ml/L；Pure potassium type clear liquid fertilizer 0.3-0.8ml/L.
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| CN111837692A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-10-30 | 华中农业大学 | Application of LED light formula in adjusting total antioxidant capacity and vitamin content of endive |
| CN111869364A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-11-03 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | Method for promoting germination of chicory seeds |
| CN114885770A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-08-12 | 上海交通大学 | Lettuce quality regulation and control method based on UV-A illumination |
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