CN115735744A - Method for cultivating saline-alkali plant suaeda salsa under plant factory conditions - Google Patents
Method for cultivating saline-alkali plant suaeda salsa under plant factory conditions Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating a saline-alkali plant suaeda salsa under plant factory conditions, which comprises the steps of putting pretreated seeds into seedling cotton and placing the seedling cotton in a seedling tray, carrying out shading culture until the seeds germinate, adding a seedling nutrient solution, transferring the seedling nutrient solution to a place with sufficient illumination for seedling culture, transplanting the seedling cotton exposed out of a seedling root system onto a plant factory planting plate, carrying out water culture by adopting the nutrient solution and taking an LED lamp with a specific wavelength proportion as a light source for culture, and harvesting the suaeda salsa after 35-50 days. The cultivation method provided by the invention gets rid of the limitation of the growth of the saline-alkali plant suaeda glauca on conditions such as soil fertility, temperature, illumination, salinity and the like, can obviously improve the yield of the saline-alkali plant suaeda glauca, shortens the cultivation period and realizes annual uninterrupted production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant breeding, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating a saline-alkali plant suaeda salsa under plant factory conditions.
Background
The saline-alkali plant Suaeda glauca is an annual herbaceous true salt plant of Suaeda of Chenopodiaceae. The saline alkali plant suaeda glauca is rich in protein, dietary fiber, polysaccharide, pigment, flavonoid compounds and the like, and can stimulate gastrointestinal motility and help digestion, thereby having the health care function. Meanwhile, the saline alkali plant suaeda glauca bunge has higher seed yield, can be used for extracting oil for eating, contains more than 90 percent of unsaturated fatty acid in rapeseed oil, has the effects of regulating blood fat, clearing thrombus, tonifying brain, strengthening brain, activating retinal cells, promoting immunoregulation and the like, and is an important nutritional health-care food raw material. The suaeda salsa is an edible saline-alkali plant and has high nutrition and edible value, but the suaeda salsa is cultivated by taking sandy soil, sandy loam and tidal flat soil as a matrix, and the cultivation mode is limited by conditions such as soil fertility, temperature, salinity, illumination and the like, so that the problems of slow growth, low yield, high cost and the like exist, and the suaeda salsa is not popularized on a large scale.
Compared with the traditional soil culture mode, the method adopts a plant factory for water culture, places the whole culture process of the plant in the artificial precisely-controlled growth environment and nutrient supply, has the characteristics of stable growth environment, sufficient nutrient supply, high space utilization rate and the like, can greatly shorten the plant culture period, obviously improves the plant biomass, and realizes annual production.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for cultivating suaeda salsa as a saline-alkali plant under plant factory conditions, which is beneficial to the rapid growth and quality improvement of suaeda salsa by artificially controlling cultivation temperature and illumination and adopting nutrient solution with optimal ratio for water cultivation, and significantly improves the yield of suaeda salsa, so that the problem that the suaeda salsa cultivated by the traditional soil cultivation method is limited by soil, temperature, illumination and fertility conditions is solved, stable annual planned production can be realized, and the development of suaeda salsa cultivation and processing industries is promoted.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for cultivating saline-alkali plant suaeda glauca under plant factory conditions comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed pretreatment:
preparing Suaeda salsa (L.) Merr of Suaeda of ChenopodiaceaeSuaeda salsa) After rinsing the seeds, removing unqualified seeds, screening out the seeds with full grains and uniform shape, and putting the seeds into a refrigerator for refrigeration for standby after disinfection;
(2) Sowing and seedling raising:
fully soaking seedling raising cotton in clear water, placing the soaked suaeda salsa seeds in a seedling raising tray, then dropping the suaeda salsa seeds soaked in the clear water for 12-24 hours into the seedling raising cotton, dropping 2-3 seeds into each hole, spraying clear water once again, transferring the seedling raising tray and the seedling raising cotton to a seedling raising area, shading and culturing by using shading cloth, removing the shading cloth after the seeds sprout, draining the water in the seedling raising tray, and transferring the seedling raising tray and the seedling raising cotton to a place with sufficient illumination for seedling raising culture after pouring seedling raising nutrient solution;
(3) Seedling planting and plant harvesting:
when the root system of the suaeda salsa seedling is exposed out of the seedling cotton and 4-6 true leaves grow, transferring the seedling with the seedling cotton into a planting basket for fixing, transplanting the seedling to a planting plate of a plant factory for culturing, and simultaneously ensuring that the root system of the suaeda salsa seedling can be completely contacted with a nutrient solution; continuously culturing Suaeda salsa seedlings on a plant factory module under the illumination condition by using an LED lamp as a light source, and collecting twigs and tender leaves of the Suaeda salsa seedlings after 35-50 days.
Further, the disinfection in the step (1) is to treat the mixture for 30min by adopting hydrogen peroxide solution with the temperature of 20-25 ℃ and the volume percent of 1, and then rinse the mixture by clean water; the refrigerating temperature is 3-5 ℃.
Further, during the light-shielding culture period in the step (2), the temperature in the daytime is controlled to be 23-27 ℃, the temperature at night is controlled to be 18-22 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled to be 60-80%.
Further, the seedling culture nutrient solution used in the step (2) comprises the following elements in concentration: nitrogen 3.75 mM, phosphorus 0.25 mM, potassium 1.75 mM, calcium 1.25mM, magnesium 0.625 mM, sulfur 0.625 mM, iron 5.01. Mu.M, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt 5.54. Mu.M, boron 11.6. Mu.M, manganese 1.68. Mu.M, zinc 0.19. Mu.M, copper 0.079. Mu.M, molybdenum 0.14. Mu.M; and the concentration of each element in the seedling culture nutrient solution is increased by 1 time after 3 days of culture, and the concentration of each element in the seedling culture nutrient solution is increased by 1 time after 4 days.
Further, the seedling culture in the step (2) adopts illumination for 12 hours,Culturing in the dark for 12 hours, wherein the light intensity is 200. Mu. Mol. M -2 ·s -1 The light period temperature is 25-27 deg.C, the dark period temperature is 18-22 deg.C, and the relative humidity is 60-80%.
Further, the environment temperature of the culture in the step (3) is 20-25 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60-80%.
Further, the nutrient solution used in the step (3) comprises the following elements and the concentrations thereof: 7.5-15mM of nitrogen, 1-2mM of phosphorus, 7-14mM of potassium, 10-20 mM of calcium, 5-10 mM of magnesium (the molar ratio of calcium to magnesium is 2); the pH of the nutrient solution is =6.5-8.5, and the salinity is 5-15 per mill.
Further, the spectrum composition of the LED lamp used in step (3) is: the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 400-499nm is 16-21%, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 500-599nm is 16-21%, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 600-699nm is 50-60%, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 700-780nm is 8-10%, and the sum of the proportions of the light quantum is 100%; the illumination intensity is 200-300 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 The illumination time is 16-20 h/d.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) In a controllable artificial light type plant factory, the invention optimizes the cultivation of the saline-alkali plant suaeda salsa by controlling the illumination intensity, the light period, the temperature, the salinity, the proportion of each element in the nutrient solution and the like, so that the growth of the suaeda salsa is separated from the restriction of soil, temperature, soil fertility, regions and seasons.
(2) The invention can obviously improve the yield of the water-cultured suaeda salsa under plant factory conditions, shorten the cultivation period of the suaeda salsa and realize annual uninterrupted production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the effect of different photoperiods on the yield of suaeda salsa in the cultivation of a saline-alkali plant suaeda salsa.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of different illumination intensities on the yield of suaeda salsa in the cultivation of the saline alkali plant suaeda salsa.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the effect of different temperatures on the yield of Suaeda salsa in the cultivation of the saline alkali plant Suaeda salsa.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the effect of different salinity on the yield of Suaeda salsa in the cultivation of the saline alkali plant Suaeda salsa.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the effect of different nitrogen concentrations in the nutrient solution for the cultivation of Suaeda salsa as the saline-alkali plant on the yield of Suaeda salsa.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the effect of different phosphorus concentrations in the nutrient solution for the cultivation of Suaeda salsa as the saline-alkali plant on the yield of Suaeda salsa.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the effect of different potassium concentrations in the nutrient solution for the cultivation of Suaeda salsa as the saline-alkali plant on the yield of Suaeda salsa.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the effect of different trace element concentrations in the nutrient solution for the cultivation of Suaeda salsa as the saline-alkali plant on the yield of Suaeda salsa.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the effect of different medium element concentrations in the nutrient solution for the cultivation of Suaeda salsa as the saline-alkali plant on the yield of Suaeda salsa.
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the comparison of the yields of suaeda glauca planted in the validation group and the control group in example 10.
Detailed Description
A method for cultivating saline-alkali plant suaeda glauca under plant factory conditions comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed pretreatment:
preparing Suaeda salsa (L.) Merr of Suaeda of ChenopodiaceaeSuaeda salsa) After rinsing the seeds, removing unqualified seeds, screening out full and uniform seeds, sterilizing with 1vol% hydrogen peroxide solution at 20-25 deg.C for 30min, and refrigerating at 3-5 deg.C in refrigerator for use;
(2) Sowing and seedling raising:
fully soaking seedling raising cotton with clear water, placing the seedling raising cotton in a seedling raising tray, then dropping suaeda salsa seeds soaked in the clear water for 12-24 hours into the seedling raising cotton, dropping 2-3 seeds into each hole, after spraying clear water for one time, transferring the seedling raising tray and the seedling raising cotton to a seedling raising area, and carrying out shading culture by shading cloth, wherein during the culture period, the daytime temperature is controlled to be 23-27 ℃, the nighttime temperature is 18-22 ℃, the relative humidity is 60-80%, and evaporated water is supplemented every day so as to keep the growth environment of the seeds moist; removing the shading cloth after the seeds bud, draining and growing seedlingsWater in the tray, filling seedling culture nutrient solution, transferring to a place with sufficient illumination, and culturing seedling by adopting a mode of 12 hours of illumination and 12 hours of darkness, wherein the illumination intensity is 200 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 The light period temperature is 25-27 ℃, the dark period temperature is 18-22 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60-80%; the seedling culture nutrient solution comprises the following elements and the concentration thereof: 3.75 mM of nitrogen, 0.25 mM of phosphorus, 1.75 mM of potassium, 1.25mM of calcium, 0.625 mM of magnesium, 0.625 mM of sulfur, 5.01 mu M of iron, 5.54 mu M of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 11.6 mu M of boron, 1.68 mu M of manganese, 0.19 mu M of zinc, 0.079 mu M of copper and 0.14 mu M of molybdenum; after 3 days of culture, the concentration of each element in the seedling culture nutrient solution is increased by 1 time, and after 4 days, the concentration of each element in the seedling culture nutrient solution is increased by 1 time;
(3) Seedling planting and plant harvesting:
when the root system of the suaeda salsa seedling is exposed out of the seedling cotton and 4-6 true leaves grow, transferring the seedling with the seedling cotton into a field planting basket for fixation, transplanting the seedling onto a field planting plate of a plant factory, culturing under the conditions that the environmental temperature is 20-25 ℃ and the relative humidity is 60-80%, and simultaneously ensuring that the root system of the suaeda salsa seedling can be completely contacted with a nutrient solution; continuously culturing Suaeda salsa seedlings on a plant factory module under the illumination condition by taking an LED lamp as a light source, and collecting young branches and young leaves of the Suaeda salsa seedlings after 35-50 days; the nutrient solution comprises the following elements and the concentration thereof: 7.5-15mM of nitrogen, 1-2mM of phosphorus, 7-14mM of potassium, 10-20 mM of calcium, 5-10 mM of magnesium (the molar ratio of calcium to magnesium is 2); the pH of the nutrient solution is =6.5-8.5, and the salinity is 5-15 per mill; the spectral composition of the LED lamps used was: the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 400-499nm is 16-21%, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 500-599nm is 16-21%, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 600-699nm is 50-60%, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 700-780nm is 8-10%, and the sum of the proportions of the light quantum is 100%; the illumination intensity is 200-300 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 The illumination time is 16-20 h/d.
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The following examples list only the different parts from the above steps, and the same contents are not listed again. The LED lamp is a plant lamp of the series of Yuansu, sai' an of the family Zhongke, the model number of which is ZK-TB18-VE02/A, and the spectrum composition of the LED lamp is as follows: the proportion of the light quanta with the wavelength of 400-499nm is 19 percent, the proportion of the light quanta with the wavelength of 500-599nm is 18 percent, the proportion of the light quanta with the wavelength of 600-699nm is 54 percent, the proportion of the light quanta with the wavelength of 700-780nm is 9 percent, and the sum of the proportions of the light quanta is 100 percent.
Example 1 screening of different photoperiods in the cultivation of Suaeda salsa
During the seedling planting culture, the illumination time in the plant factory is respectively set to 12, 16, 20 and 24 h/d, and other conditions are as follows: the illumination intensity is 200 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 The temperature is 25 ℃, the relative humidity is 60-80%, the concentration of each element in the nutrient solution is 15mM of nitrogen, 1mM of phosphorus, 7mM of potassium, 5mM of calcium, 2.5 mM of magnesium, 2.5 mM of sulfur, 0.020 mM of iron, 0.022 mM of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 0.046 mM of boron, 6.72 mu M of manganese, 0.77 mu M of zinc, 0.56 mu M of copper and 0.56 mu M of molybdenum, the pH is =6.5-8.5, and the salinity of the nutrient solution is 15 thousandths.
Observing the growth condition of the seedlings every day, supplementing evaporated water and nutrient solution, maintaining the culture condition in a stable range, harvesting the suaeda salsa plants when the suaeda salsa plants are planted on the plant factory modules for 50 days, and collecting samples to measure various indexes of the plants when the suaeda salsa plants are harvested.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the effect of different photoperiods on the yield of suaeda salsa in the cultivation of the saline-alkali plant suaeda salsa. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the illumination time has a significant effect on the fresh weight, dry weight and plant height of Suaeda glauca L. Among these, the most significant increases in yield were 16 h/d and 20 h/d light exposure times. In addition, compared with the illumination time ratio of 12h/d, the fresh weight and the dry weight of the common seepweed herb are respectively increased by 60 percent and 36 percent under the illumination time of 16 h/d, while the fresh weight and the dry weight are respectively increased by only 13 percent and 22 percent under the illumination time of 24 h/d compared with the illumination time of 20 h/d, and the increase rate is slowed down. Therefore, the lighting time in the range of 16-20 h/d can obviously improve the yield of the suaeda salsa.
Example 2 screening of different illumination intensities in the cultivation of Suaeda salsa as a saline-alkali plant
During the seedling planting culture period, the LED illumination intensity in the plant factory is respectively set as: 100. 200, 300, 400. Mu. Mol. M -2 ·s -1 And other conditions are as follows: the illumination time is 16 h/d, the temperature is 25 ℃, the relative humidity is 60-80%, the concentration of each element in the nutrient solution is 15mM of nitrogen, 1mM of phosphorus, 7mM of potassium, 5mM of calcium, 2.5 mM of magnesium, 2.5 mM of sulfur, 0.020 mM of iron, 0.022 mM of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt, 0.046 mM of boron, 6.72 mu M of manganese, 0.77 mu M of zinc, 0.56 mu M of copper and 0.56 mu M of molybdenum, the pH is =6.5-8.5, and the salinity of the nutrient solution is 15 thousandths.
Observing the growth condition of the seedlings every day, supplementing evaporated water and nutrient solution, maintaining the culture condition in a stable range, harvesting the suaeda salsa plants when the suaeda salsa plants are planted on the plant factory modules for 50 days, and collecting samples to measure various indexes of the plants when the suaeda salsa plants are harvested.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the effect of different illumination intensities on the yield of Suaeda salsa in the cultivation of the saline-alkali plant Suaeda salsa. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the illumination intensity has a significant effect on the fresh weight, dry weight and plant height of Suaeda glauca L. Wherein 200. Mu. Mol. M -2 ·s -1 And 300. Mu. Mol. M -2 ·s -1 The illumination intensity effect is the best. With 100. Mu. Mol. M -2 ·s -1 The light intensity ratio of (A) is 200 [ mu ] mol · m -2 ·s -1 The fresh weight and the dry weight of the suaeda salsa cultured under the light intensity are respectively increased by 202.39 percent and 233.42 percent, and the fresh weight and the dry weight of the suaeda salsa cultured under the light intensity are respectively increased by 400 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 Light intensity of (2) and 300. Mu. Mol. M -2 ·s -1 The fresh weight and the dry weight of the light intensity ratio of (1) are increased by only 2% and 9%, respectively. Visible low light intensity (100. Mu. Mol. M) -2 ·s -1 ) Inhibits the growth of suaeda glauca, and when the light intensity exceeds 300 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 Then, the growth rate of suaeda salsa is slowed down, so that the light intensity is 200-300 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 Can obviously improve the yield of the suaeda glauca.
EXAMPLE 3 screening of different temperatures in the cultivation of Suaeda salsa
During the seedling planting culture, the environmental temperatures in the plant factory were set to: 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, and other conditions: the illumination time is 16 h/d, and the illumination intensity is 200 mu mol · m -2 ·s -1 The relative humidity is 60-80%, the concentration of each element in the nutrient solution is 15mM of nitrogen, 1mM of phosphorus, 7mM of potassium, 5mM of calcium, 2.5 mM of magnesium, 2.5 mM of sulfur, 0.020 mM of iron, 0.022 mM of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt, 0.046 mM of boron, 6.72 mu M of manganese, 0.77 mu M of zinc, 0.56 mu M of copper and 0.56 mu M of molybdenum, the pH is =6.5-8.5, and the salinity of the nutrient solution is 15 per thousand.
Observing the growth condition of seedlings every day, supplementing evaporated moisture and nutrient solution, maintaining the culture condition in a stable range, harvesting Suaeda salsa plants when the Suaeda salsa plants are planted on the plant factory modules for 35 days, and collecting samples to measure various indexes of the plants when the Suaeda salsa plants are harvested.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the effect of different temperatures on the yield of Suaeda salsa in the cultivation of the saline alkali plant Suaeda salsa. As can be seen from fig. 3, the temperature conditions have a significant effect on the fresh weight, dry weight and plant height of suaeda glauca. Among them, the most significant improvement in yield was in the 20 ℃ and 25 ℃ experimental groups. Compared with the experimental group at 15 ℃, the fresh weight of the suaeda salsa cultured at 20 ℃, 25 ℃ and 30 ℃ is respectively increased by 43 percent, 52 percent and 54 percent, the dry weight is respectively increased by 42 percent, 54 percent and 59 percent, the plant height is respectively increased by 9 percent, 17 percent and 18 percent, and the growth speed of the yield of the suaeda salsa is reduced at 30 ℃. And the yield of the suaeda glauca can be obviously improved when the ambient temperature is 20-25 ℃.
EXAMPLE 4 screening of different salinity in the cultivation of Suaeda salsa
During the seedling planting culture, the salinity of the nutrient solution in the plant factory is respectively set as follows: 0.5, 15 and 30 per mill, and other conditions are as follows: the illumination time is 16 h/d, and the illumination intensity is 200 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 The relative humidity is 60-80%, the concentration of each element in the nutrient solution is 15mM of nitrogen, 1mM of phosphorus, 7mM of potassium, 5mM of calcium, 2.5 mM of magnesium, 2.5 mM of sulfur, 0.020 mM of iron, 0.022 mM of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, 0.046 mM of boron, 6.72 mu M of manganese, 0.77 mu M of zinc, 0.56 mu M of copper and 0.56 mu M of molybdenum, and the pH is =6.5-8.5.
Observing the growth condition of seedlings every day, supplementing evaporated water and nutrient solution to maintain the culture condition in a stable range, harvesting Suaeda salsa plants when planting for 35 days on a pipeline, and collecting samples to measure various indexes of the plants when harvesting.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the effect of different salinity on the yield of Suaeda salsa in the cultivation of the saline alkali plant Suaeda salsa. From fig. 4, it can be seen that the salinity of the nutrient solution has a significant influence on the fresh weight, dry weight and plant height of suaeda salsa. Wherein, the salinity of the nutrient solution which can improve the yield most obviously is 5 per mill and 15 per mill of the experimental group. From fresh weight, the salinity of 5 per mill is improved by 2 percent compared with that of 0 per mill, and the salinity of 30 per mill is improved by 15 percent; the salinity of 15 per mill is increased by 29 percent compared with that of 0 per mill, and the salinity of 30 per mill is increased by 46 percent. On the basis of dry weight, the salinity of 5 per thousand is improved by 9 percent compared with that of 0 per thousand, and the salinity is improved by 36 percent compared with that of 30 per thousand; the salinity of 15 per mill is increased by 94% compared with that of 0 per mill, and the salinity of 30 per mill is increased by 142%, so that the yield of suaeda salsa can be obviously increased when the salinity of the nutrient solution is 5-15 per mill.
EXAMPLE 5 screening of nutrient solutions for different nitrogen concentrations in the cultivation of Suaeda salsa
During seedling colonization culture, nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution was set to (mM): 7.5, 15, 30, 60, other conditions: the illumination time is 16 h/d, and the illumination intensity is 200 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 The relative humidity is 60-80%, the salinity of the nutrient solution is 15 per thousand, the concentration of other elements in the nutrient solution is 1mM of phosphorus, 7mM of potassium, 5mM of calcium, 2.5 mM of magnesium, 2.5 mM of sulfur, 0.020 mM of iron, 0.022 mM of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 0.046 mM of boron, 6.72 mu M of manganese, 0.77 mu M of zinc, 0.56 mu M of copper and 0.56 mu M of molybdenum, and the pH is =6.5-8.5.
Observing the growth condition of seedlings every day, supplementing evaporated water and nutrient solution to maintain the culture condition in a stable range, harvesting Suaeda salsa plants when planting for 35 days on a pipeline, and collecting samples to measure various indexes of the plants when harvesting.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the effect of different nitrogen concentrations in the nutrient solution for the cultivation of Suaeda salsa as the saline-alkali plant on the yield of Suaeda salsa. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the nitrogen concentration condition in the nutrient solution has a significant influence on the fresh weight, dry weight and plant height of suaeda salsa. Among these, the most significant yield increases were in the 7.5mM and 15mM nitrogen concentration groups. Compared with the nitrogen concentration of 30 mM and 60 mM, the fresh weight of the suaeda salsa cultured under the nitrogen concentration of 7.5mM is respectively improved by 28 percent and 27 percent; the dry weight was increased by 30% and 22%, respectively. Compared with the 30 mM and 60 mM nitrogen concentrations, the fresh weight of the suaeda salsa cultured under the 15mM nitrogen concentration is respectively improved by 36 percent and 35 percent; the dry weight is respectively increased by 31 percent and 23 percent, so that the nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution is 7.5-15mM, and the yield of the suaeda salsa is obviously increased.
EXAMPLE 6 screening of nutrient solutions for different phosphorus concentrations in the cultivation of Suaeda salsa, a saline-alkali plant
During seedling colonization culture, the phosphorus concentration in the nutrient solution was set to (mM): 0.5, 1, 2, 4, other conditions: the illumination time is 16 h/d, and the illumination intensity is 200 mu mol · m -2 ·s -1 The relative humidity is 60-80%, the salinity of the nutrient solution is 15 per thousand, the concentration of other elements in the nutrient solution is 15mM of nitrogen, 7mM of potassium, 5mM of calcium, 2.5 mM of magnesium, 2.5 mM of sulfur, 0.020 mM of iron, 0.022 mM of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 0.046 mM of boron, 6.72 mu M of manganese, 0.77 mu M of zinc, 0.56 mu M of copper and 0.56 mu M of molybdenum, and the pH is =6.5-8.5.
Observing the growth condition of seedlings every day, supplementing evaporated water and nutrient solution to maintain the culture condition in a stable range, harvesting Suaeda salsa plants when planting for 35 days on a pipeline, and collecting samples to measure various indexes of the plants when harvesting.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the effect of different phosphorus concentrations in the nutrient solution for the cultivation of Suaeda salsa as the saline-alkali plant on the yield of Suaeda salsa. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the concentration of phosphorus in the nutrient solution has a significant effect on the fresh weight, dry weight and plant height of suaeda glauca. Of these, the most significant yield increases were for the 1mM and 2mM phosphorus concentration groups. Compared with the concentrations of 0.5 mM and 4mM phosphorus, the fresh weight of the suaeda salsa cultured under the concentration of 1mM phosphorus is respectively increased by 43 percent and 30 percent; the dry weight was increased by 43% and 17%, respectively. Compared with the concentrations of 0.5 mM and 4mM phosphorus, the fresh weight of the suaeda salsa cultured under the concentration of 2mM phosphorus is respectively increased by 56 percent and 42 percent; the dry weight is respectively increased by 55 percent and 27 percent, so that the phosphorus concentration in the nutrient solution is 1-2mM, and the yield of the suaeda glauca is obviously increased.
Example 7 screening of nutrient solutions for different potassium concentrations in the cultivation of Suaeda salsa as a saline-alkali plant
During seedling colonization culture, the potassium concentration in the nutrient solution was set to (mM): 3.5, 7, 14, 28, other conditions: the illumination time is 12h/d, and the illumination intensity is 200 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 Relative humidity of 60-80%, yingThe salinity of the nutrient solution is 15 per mill, the concentration of other elements in the nutrient solution is 15mM of nitrogen, 2mM of phosphorus, 5mM of calcium, 2.5 mM of magnesium, 2.5 mM of sulfur, 0.020 mM of iron, 0.022 mM of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 0.046 mM of boron, 6.72 mu M of manganese, 0.77 mu M of zinc, 0.56 mu M of copper and 0.56 mu M of molybdenum, and the pH is =6.5-8.5.
Observing the growth condition of seedlings every day, supplementing evaporated water and nutrient solution to maintain the culture condition in a stable range, harvesting Suaeda salsa plants when planting for 35 days on a pipeline, and collecting samples to measure various indexes of the plants when harvesting.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the effect of different potassium concentrations in the nutrient solution for the cultivation of Suaeda salsa as the saline-alkali plant on the yield of Suaeda salsa. As can be seen from fig. 7, the potassium concentration in the nutrient solution has a significant effect on the fresh weight, dry weight and plant height of suaeda glauca. Among these, the most significant yield increases were in the 7mM and 14mM potassium concentration groups. Compared with the 3.5 mM potassium concentration and the 28mM potassium concentration, the fresh weight of the suaeda salsa cultured under the 7mM potassium concentration is respectively improved by 24 percent and 53 percent; the dry weight was increased by 11% and 39%, respectively. Compared with the 3.5 mM potassium concentration and the 28mM potassium concentration, the fresh weight of the suaeda salsa cultured under the 14mM potassium concentration is respectively improved by 70 percent and 110 percent; the dry weight is respectively increased by 120 percent and 177 percent, so that the potassium concentration in the nutrient solution is 7-14mM, and the yield of the suaeda glauca is remarkably increased.
EXAMPLE 8 screening of nutrient solutions for Suaeda salsa cultivation
During the seedling planting culture, the nutrient solution trace element concentrations (original concentration of iron 0.020 mM, disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 0.022 mM, boron 0.046 mM, manganese 6.72. Mu.M, zinc 0.77. Mu.M, copper 0.32. Mu.M, molybdenum 0.56. Mu.M) are set as: 0.5, 1 (i.e. original concentration), 2, 4 times, other conditions: the illumination time is 12h/d, and the illumination intensity is 200 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 The relative humidity is 60-80%, the salinity of the nutrient solution is 15 per mill, and the concentrations of other elements in the nutrient solution are 15mM of nitrogen, 1mM of phosphorus, 7mM of potassium, 5mM of calcium, 2.5 mM of magnesium and 2.5 mM of sulfur.
Observing the growth condition of the seedlings every day, supplementing evaporated water and nutrient solution, maintaining the culture condition in a stable range, harvesting the suaeda salsa plants after planting for 35 days on a pipeline, and collecting samples to measure various indexes of the plants during harvesting.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the effect of different trace element concentrations in the nutrient solution on the yield of Suaeda salsa in the cultivation of the saline alkali plant Suaeda salsa. As can be seen from FIG. 8, the concentration of trace elements in the nutrient solution has a significant effect on the fresh weight, dry weight and plant height of suaeda glauca. Wherein, the most obvious yield improvement is that the concentration of the trace elements in the nutrient solution is 2 times of the original concentration. Compared with the concentration of the trace elements which is 0.5 time, 1 time and 4 times of the original concentration, the fresh weight of the suaeda salsa cultured under the condition that the concentration of the trace elements is 2 times of the original concentration is respectively increased by 113.26%, 94% and 136.67%, and the dry weight is respectively increased by 25%, 27% and 40%, so that the yield of the suaeda salsa can be obviously improved when the concentration of the trace elements in the nutrient solution is 2 times of the original concentration.
EXAMPLE 9 screening of nutrient solutions for Suaeda salsa cultivation
During the period of seedling planting culture, the concentration of the secondary elements (calcium/magnesium concentration) in the nutrient solution is set as follows: 2.5/1.25, 5/2.5, 10/5, 20/10 mM. Other conditions are as follows: the illumination time is 12h/d, and the illumination intensity is 200 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 The relative humidity is 60-80%, the concentration of other elements in the nutrient solution is 15mM of nitrogen, 2mM of phosphorus, 7mM of potassium, 2.5 mM of sulfur, 0.020 mM of iron, 0.022 mM of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 0.046 mM of boron, 6.72 mu M of manganese, 0.77 mu M of zinc, 0.56 mu M of copper and 0.56 mu M of molybdenum, the pH is =6.5-8.5, and the salinity of the nutrient solution is 15 thousandths.
Observing the growth condition of seedlings every day, supplementing evaporated water and nutrient solution to maintain the culture condition in a stable range, harvesting Suaeda salsa plants when planting for 35 days on a pipeline, and collecting samples to measure various indexes of the plants when harvesting.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the effect of different medium element concentrations in the nutrient solution on the yield of suaeda salsa in the cultivation of the saline alkali plant suaeda salsa. As can be seen from FIG. 9, the concentration of calcium/magnesium elements in the nutrient solution has a significant influence on the fresh weight, dry weight and plant height of suaeda glauca L. Among them, the most significant yield improvement was in the experimental groups with calcium/magnesium concentrations of 10/5 mM and 20/10 mM. Compared with the experimental group with the concentration of 2.5/1.25mM and 5/2.5 mM, the fresh weight of the suaeda salsa cultured under the concentration of 10/5 mM calcium/magnesium is respectively increased by 60.4 percent and 48.8 percent, and the dry weight is respectively increased by 107.6 percent and 91.1 percent. Compared with the experimental group with 2.5/1.25mM and 5/2.5 mM calcium/magnesium concentrations, the fresh weight of the suaeda salsa cultured at the 20/10mM calcium/magnesium concentration is respectively increased by 116.3 percent and 100.6 percent, and the dry weight is respectively increased by 179.0 percent and 156.9 percent. However, at a calcium/magnesium concentration of 20/10mM, the rate of increase in the yield of suaeda glauca is reduced. Therefore, the yield of the suaeda glauca is obviously improved when the concentration of the secondary element is 10-20/5-10 mM.
EXAMPLE 10 cultivation of Suaeda salsa under optimal conditions
During the seedling planting culture period, three groups of culture experiments of a verification group, a control group 1 and a control group 2 are set. The concentration of the nutrient solution used in the control group 1 is the concentration of the Hoagland nutrient solution which is widely used; the optimal photoperiod conditions were selected for control 2 based on the use of Hoagland nutrient solution.
The culture conditions of the verification group are as follows: the nutrient solution of the present invention (in which the nitrogen concentration was 15mM, the phosphorus concentration was 2mM, the potassium concentration was 14mM, the calcium concentration was 20mM, and the magnesium concentration was 10 mM) had a trace element concentration 2 times higher than the original concentration in example 8. Other conditions are as follows: the illumination time is 16 h/d, and the illumination intensity is 300 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 Relative humidity is 60-80%, nutrient solution salinity is 15 per mill, and temperature is 25 ℃.
The culture conditions of the control group 1 were: hoagland nutrient solution (nitrogen concentration 15mM, phosphorus concentration 1mM, potassium concentration 6mM, calcium concentration 4mM, magnesium concentration 2 mM) had the trace element concentration as the original concentration in example 8. Other conditions are as follows: the illumination time is 12h/d, and the illumination intensity is 200 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 Relative humidity is 60-80%, nutrient solution salinity is 0 ‰, and temperature is 25 deg.C.
The culture conditions of the control group 2 were: hoagland nutrient solution (nitrogen concentration 15mM, phosphorus concentration 1mM, potassium concentration 6mM, calcium concentration 4mM, magnesium concentration 2 mM) had trace element concentrations as the original concentrations in example 8. Other conditions are as follows: the illumination time is 16 h/d, and the illumination intensity is 300 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 Relative humidity is 60-80%, nutrient solution salinity is 0 ‰, and temperature is 25 deg.C.
Observing the growth condition of seedlings every day, supplementing evaporated water and nutrient solution to maintain the culture condition in a stable range, harvesting Suaeda salsa plants when planting for 35 days on a pipeline, and collecting samples to measure various indexes of the plants when harvesting.
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the yield of suaeda glauca planted in the verification group and the control group. As can be seen from fig. 10, compared with the control group 1 and the control group 2, the fresh weight of suaeda salsa in the verification group is increased by 53.48% and 539.34% respectively, the dry weight is increased by 53.19% and 702.82% respectively, and the plant height is increased by 13.57% and 34.64% respectively, which proves that the plant height has significant effect.
In conclusion, the light intensity is 200-300 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 The illumination time is 16-20 h/d, and the spectrum composition is as follows: the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 400-499nm is 16-21%, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 500-599nm is 16-21%, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 600-699nm is 50-60%, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 700-780nm is 8-10%, and the sum of the proportions of the light quantum is 100%; the concentration of the nutrient liquid nitrogen is 7.5-15mM, the concentration of phosphorus is 1-2mM, the concentration of potassium is 7-14mM, the concentration of calcium/magnesium is 10-20/5-10 mM (calcium: magnesium = 2), and the concentration of trace elements is as follows: 0.040 mM of iron, 0.044 mM of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt, 0.093 mM of boron, 0.013 mM of manganese, 1.53 mu M of zinc, 0.63 mu M of copper and 1.11 mu M of molybdenum, and the salinity of the nutrient solution is 5-15 per mill; the suaeda glauca has higher yield when the ambient temperature is 20-25 ℃.
In a word, the method for cultivating the suaeda salsa by adopting the plant factory has the advantages of stable environment, stable plant state, robust and consistent plant growth, high survival rate, fast growth and the like, and is suitable for cultivating the high-yield suaeda salsa.
While particular aspects of the present invention have been described above with reference to embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, modifications of the invention based on the concept defined by the claims are also within the protective scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for cultivating saline-alkali plant suaeda glauca under plant factory conditions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Seed pretreatment:
rinsing Suaeda glauca seeds, screening the seeds with full grains and uniform shapes, sterilizing and refrigerating for later use;
(2) Sowing and seedling raising:
fully soaking seedling raising cotton with clear water, placing the seedling raising cotton in a seedling raising tray, then dropping suaeda salsa seeds soaked in clear water for 12-24 hours into the seedling raising cotton, dropping 2-3 suaeda salsa seeds into each hole, spraying clear water again, transferring the seedling raising tray and the seedling raising cotton to a seedling raising area, shading and culturing with shading cloth, removing the shading cloth after the seeds sprout, draining the water in the seedling raising tray, and transferring the seedling raising cotton to a place with sufficient illumination after pouring seedling raising nutrient solution for seedling raising culture;
(3) Seedling planting and plant harvesting:
when the root system of the suaeda salsa seedling is exposed out of the seedling cotton and 4-6 true leaves grow, transferring the seedling with the seedling cotton into a planting basket for fixing, transplanting the seedling to a planting plate of a plant factory for culturing, and simultaneously ensuring that the root system of the suaeda salsa seedling can be completely contacted with a nutrient solution; continuously culturing Suaeda salsa seedlings on a plant factory module under the illumination condition by using an LED lamp as a light source, and collecting young branches and young leaves of the Suaeda salsa seedlings after 35-50 days.
2. The method for cultivating suaeda salsa under plant factory conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the disinfection in step (1) is performed by treating with 1vol% hydrogen peroxide solution at 20-25 ℃ for 30min, and rinsing with clean water; the refrigerating temperature is 3-5 ℃.
3. The method for cultivating suaeda salsa under plant factory conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature during the light-tight cultivation period in step (2) is controlled to be 23-27 ℃ during the day, 18-22 ℃ during the night and 60-80% relative humidity.
4. The method for cultivating the saline-alkali plant Suaeda salsa under the plant factory conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedling culture nutrient solution used in the step (2) comprises the following elements and the concentrations thereof: nitrogen 3.75 mM, phosphorus 0.25 mM, potassium 1.75 mM, calcium 1.25mM, magnesium 0.625 mM, sulfur 0.625 mM, iron 5.01. Mu.M, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt 5.54. Mu.M, boron 11.6. Mu.M, manganese 1.68. Mu.M, zinc 0.19. Mu.M, copper 0.079. Mu.M, molybdenum 0.14. Mu.M; and the concentration of each element in the seedling culture nutrient solution is improved by 1 time after 3 days of culture, and the concentration of each element in the seedling culture nutrient solution is improved by 1 time after 4 days.
5. The method for cultivating Suaeda salsa under plant factory conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation of seedling in step (2) is carried out in 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness, wherein the light intensity is 200 μmol-m -2 ·s -1 The light period temperature is 25-27 deg.C, the dark period temperature is 18-22 deg.C, and the relative humidity is 60-80%.
6. The method for cultivating suaeda salsa under plant factory conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation in step (3) is carried out at an ambient temperature of 20-25 ℃ and a relative humidity of 60-80%.
7. The method for cultivating the saline-alkali plant Suaeda salsa under the plant factory conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution used in the step (3) comprises the following elements and the concentrations thereof: 7.5-15mM of nitrogen, 1-2mM of phosphorus, 7-14mM of potassium, 10-20 mM of calcium, 5-10 mM of magnesium, 2.5 mM of sulfur, 0.040 mM of iron, 0.044 mM of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 0.093 mM of boron, 0.013 mM of manganese, 1.53 mu M of zinc, 0.63 mu M of copper and 1.11 mu M of molybdenum, wherein the molar ratio of calcium to magnesium is 2; the pH of the nutrient solution is =6.5-8.5, and the salinity is 5-15 per mill.
8. The method for cultivating suaeda salsa under plant factory conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spectrum composition of the LED lamp used in step (3) is: the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 400-499nm is 16-21%, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 500-599nm is 16-21%, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 600-699nm is 50-60%, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 700-780nm is 8-10%, and the sum of the proportions of the light quantum is 100%; the illumination intensity is 200-300 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 The illumination time is 16-20 h/d.
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