CN109220747A - A kind of water spinach ciltivating process - Google Patents
A kind of water spinach ciltivating process Download PDFInfo
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- CN109220747A CN109220747A CN201811228998.5A CN201811228998A CN109220747A CN 109220747 A CN109220747 A CN 109220747A CN 201811228998 A CN201811228998 A CN 201811228998A CN 109220747 A CN109220747 A CN 109220747A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of water spinach ciltivating process, including seed to screen, seed heat shock-H2O2Immersion treatment in solution, clear water elute vernalization processing, sow, beta pruning, segmentation dilution water planting and etc..The present invention uses seed heat shock-H2O2Duplex treatment is impregnated in solution and improves water spinach seed vitality, is shortened the germination period, is improved germination percentage；According to development characteristics of water spinach during water planting, water planting is diluted using segmentation, promotes the increase of biomass, water spinach growth cycle is short, makes full use of water planting space, improves yield of vegetables；Water spinach ciltivating process of the invention can be cultivated in the four seasons, and large-scale production is suitble to；Appropriate sodium selenite, methionine and isoleucine are added in nutrient solution, Se content in water spinach can be improved while reducing wherein NO3-N and NO2-N content.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of agricultural cultivation, provide in particular a kind of water spinach ciltivating process.
Background technique
Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) is Convolvulaceae sweet potato genus 1 year because of the hollow also known as logical heart dish of internode
Raw or perennial sprawling herbs plant.Its cauline leaf is rich in vitamin and mineral element, and waterlogging, fast light, high temperature resistant is summer high temperature
Time particularly important leaf vegetables.
Protein content in the tender tip of water spinach is 4 times higher than the tomato of isodose, and calcium content is higher than tomato more than 12 times,
And contain more carrotene, nutritive value with higher.It is solid that niacin, vitamin C contained in water spinach etc. can reduce gallbladder
Alcohol, triglycerides, have effects that lower blood-fat and reduce weight.Chlorophyll in water spinach has the title of " green is smart ", and the preventing decayed tooth that cleans the teeth removes
Halitosis, the effect of body building and beauty treatment.The content of the crude fibre of water spinach is relatively abundant, and this dietary fibre is cellulose, hemicellulose
The composition such as element, lignin, rubber cement and pectin, has and promotes enterocinesia, defaecation detoxication.Its vegetable juice is to Staphylococcus aureus
Bacterium, streptococcus etc. have inhibiting effect, can prevent to infect.Therefore, summer, can, cool blood toxin expelling antipyretic with sunstroke prevention, prevention and treatment as often eaten
Dysentery.
The planting patterns of water spinach generally uses earth culture, water spinach edaphic condition is required it is not stringent, but because of its fertilizer favorite happiness water,
Still preferably the strong soil of relatively more viscous weight, retain water and nutrients power.The blade tip of water spinach is a large amount of and promptly grows, and fertilizer requirement is big, resistance to
Fertility is strong, especially big to the requirement of nitrogenous fertilizer.It is less for the fertilizer research of water spinach at present, it is more when cultivating water spinach in nursery
Using conventional nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.The nutrient of these fertilizer is relatively simple, is not able to satisfy various battalion in water spinach growth course
The required of element is supported, stalk is relatively thin, plant is not healthy and strong etc. can be further resulted in.It, which is produced, when therefore using earth culture method was easy by season
Section and cultivated area and soil are influenced containing fertilizer amount, be easy to cause low yield, and cannot plant in the four seasons, therefore be not able to satisfy numerous citizen
Consumption demand to water spinach.
Vegetable aquaculture refers to using nutrient solution as somatomedin, under the driving of transpiration pull, by vegetable root conducting tissue
In xylem moisture and inorganic salts are absorbed from nutrient solution, be transported up aerial tissues, mentioned for the growth and development of stem and leaf
For nutriment.Compared with traditional earth culture vegetables, vegetable aquaculture can avoid pesticide and heavy metal in soil pollution, really realize
The Harmless of vegetables production.Earth culture vegetables due to local soil reducing condition can by nitrate reduction be nitrite to
Accumulation is in plant, and nutrient solution is in flow regime under the conditions of water planting, lacks reducing condition, nitrite in vegetable aquaculture
Content is low compared with earth culture vegetables, therefore safety is higher.Earth culture vegetables require growing environment, and land area is limited, causes
Vegetable cultivation area is limited, if meeting with bad weather, yield of vegetables will be affected, and vegetable aquaculture can make full use of sky
Between, under conditions of artificial control water, temperature control, control nutrition, it can plant in the four seasons, so that the large-scale production of vegetables can be realized.
But existing water spinach ciltivating process is still immature, there are the seed germination period is long, germination percentage is low and water planting
Nutritional ingredient and concentration are single in nutrient solution in the process, do not adapt to the nutritional need of water spinach different growth stages, limit
The content of some microelements such as selenium is lower in its hydroponics growing speed and product, and all containing more in conventional water spinach
Nitrate.
Chinese patent CN107306782A discloses a kind of water spinach ciltivating process rich in microelement, by containing micro
Water spinach seed is impregnated in the nutrient solution of element, then sows again, the nutrient solution containing microelement is transplanted to after growing up to seedling
Middle carry out water planting.Water spinach belongs to dicotyledon, and seed is made of kind of a skin, embryo and endosperm, and kind skin is wrapped in seed and plays protection
Effect.Embryo can develop into the root, stem and leaf of plant in the inside of seed under certain condition.Endosperm is nutriment in subset
Place, contain seed sprout needed for lipid, carbohydrate and protein substance.In the invention, water spinach seed is immersed in and is contained
It is not scientific in the nutrient solution of microelement, because kind skin absorbs expansion, softening rupture after moisture, and separated with endosperm and embryo,
Even if absorbing microelement to be also not very meaningful.And plasm from gel state is converted into sol form after endosperm absorbs moisture
State starts a series of enzymatic reactions, and the macro-nutrients stored in endosperm are hydrolyzed and are transported to embryo successively for embryo
Each section growth and development needs, to start the morphogenesis of seedling.Pass through the nutrient solution of the microelement in the patent
Middle immersion water spinach seed can not accelerate its rudiment, can not improve germination percentage.
Chinese patent CN107535329A discloses a kind of cultural method of water planting water spinach, by rich in farmyard manure and
Sowed in the soil of compound fertilizer, after emergence and seedling be above the ground level after carry out first time harvesting, when harvesting, stays root, second batch
It after growing, pours water into planting area, the height of water level of 5~10cm is kept, when the height of water spinach is more than 10~15cm of the water surface
It is harvested again.In the invention, the root system of water spinach is maintained in soil, second batch of water spinach grow after to growing area
Domain is poured water, water planting not actually truly, the water spinach root system in soil be flooded do not cause plant by
Water logging stress, root system anoxic generate anaerobic respiration, and the metabolite of anaerobic respiration generates toxic action, the impaired corruption of root system to root system
After rotten, the inorganic salts that cannot be absorbed water and be dissolved in water, the growth and development of aerial tissues can also be obstructed, and then whole strain is caused to be planted
The wilting and death of object.In addition the cultural method of water spinach does not also provide specially for the water spinach of different growth stages in the patent
The nutrition supply of its suitable growth characteristics of door, greatly limits its speed of growth.
Chinese patent CN106472062A discloses a kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich water spinach, the selenium-rich water spinach according to
The implantation methods of normal water spinach carry out, further includes: take Selenium-rich nutrient solution, mix with clear water in 1:49 ratio, obtain selenium-rich battalion
Mixed liquor is supported, sprays a selenium-rich nutritive mixed liquor early period in water spinach growth, it is primary to gather in sprinkling in first 8~15 days in water spinach
Selenium-rich nutritive mixed liquor, organic selenium content is 220~250mg in every liter of selenium-rich nutritive mixed liquor.Selenium-rich after sprinkling dilution
After nutrient mixing liquid, water spinach increases production 17% or more per acre, and the Se content in per kilogram selenium-rich water spinach is 150~160 μ g, compared with
Plain hollow dish improves 15 times or more.It, can be to a certain extent in the patent using sprinkling selenium-rich nutritive mixed liquor on water spinach
Increase the Se content of water spinach, but due to individually increasing selenium nutrient solution, water spinach is limited to the absorption of its selenium and conversion ratio, leads
Cause Se content in final water spinach still not high, and the method for the patent can not also reduce the nitrate content in water spinach.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiency of the above technology, the present invention is directed at least solve one of prior art problem, a kind of water spinach water is provided
Culture method can not only shorten the germination period, improve germination percentage；It may also speed up the speed of growth, improve water spinach yield.
Water spinach ciltivating process of the invention, includes the following steps:
(1) seed screens: the smooth seed in selection full grains, surface is rinsed with clear water, removes dust and impurities, together
When reject broken, shrivelled seed；
(2) seed treatment: by the seed of screening Heat thermostability 25-30 minutes under the conditions of 55 DEG C, then rapidly by seed
Put into the H that concentration is 1%2O2It is impregnated 20-24 hours in solution；
(3) vernalization: by treated, seed is picked up, and after clear water is cleaned, is carried out in 20-28 DEG C of germinating cabinet using clear water
Elution vernalization is carried out to water spinach seed；
(4) matrix prepares: will be mixed into decomposed manure and plant ash in soil, and piles furrow；
(5) it sows: being sowed when seed has 50%-60% to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, after planting 100% sunshade covering controls daytime
25 DEG C -30 DEG C of room temperature, 15 DEG C -18 DEG C of night, and be sprayed and keep seedbed wet, control water content of substrate 80%-90%, and 6-7 days
Sunshade covering is withdrawn from after emergence；
(6) beta pruning: when water spinach height of seedling being waited to reach 17-20 centimetres, the middle part clip branch of stem is chosen, every section of branch retains 3
Section, removes base portion and middle part blade, only retains 2 leaves in the morphologic upper section of stem；
(7) fixed: the stem section of interception being fixed on water planting cystosepiment by 3-5 centimetres of spacing in the rows, swims in clear water and cultivates
5-7 days, make a nethermost section submerged in water；
(8) preparation of nutrient solution: macro-element nutrients liquid is first prepared, takes following reagent: Ca (NO by weight3)2·
4H2O35~45 part, KNO330~35 parts, NH4NO34~6 parts, MgSO4·7H218~22 parts of O；Microelement battalion is prepared again
Nutrient solution takes following reagent: H by weight3BO30.05~0.2 part, MnSO40.1~0.3 part, CuSO4·5H2O 0.05~
0.1 part, ZnSO4·7H20.05~0.08 part of O, (NH4)2MoO4·4H20.04~0.06 part of O；Then it is molten to prepare chelating molysite
1~2 part of liquid；A great number of elements, microelement and chelating iron salt solutions are mixed, with tap water polishing to 1000 parts, with phosphoric acid tune
PH to 6.0~6.2；
(9) segmentation dilution water planting: taking nutrient solution made from step (8) that the nutrient solution that clear water compound concentration is 50% is added,
With stem section fixed in the Solution culture method step (7) of 50% concentration, incubation time is 7-10 days；Take step (8) obtained again
The nutrient solution that clear water compound concentration is 70% is added in nutrient solution, with the nutrient solution of the nutrient solution replacement 50% of 70% concentration, continues
Culture；Every 1~10 day replacement one time of nutrition liquid in incubation；Daylight uses LED RGB complex light, cultivates temperature and is
25-28℃；Night stops illumination, and cultivating temperature is 15-18 DEG C.
The primary link of vegetable aquaculture is the processing of seed, and processing is proper to enhance seed vitality, improves germination percentage and children
The uniformity of seedling, while being also the important link for guaranteeing subsequent yield.The present invention uses heat shock and H2O2Solution impregnates dual mode
Carry out seed treatment: short-term Heat thermostability can excite the catalysis activity of endogenous enzymes, improve the respiratory rate of seed, hydrolysis adds
Fastly, to quickly promote the division and differentiation of blastocyte；H2O2Solution has double action, first is that tool oxidative function, impregnates kind
The period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m can play mild corrosion to kind of a skin, and the ventilative and water penetration for accelerating seed promotes second is that more oxygen can also be provided
Moisture and oxygen visible through the seed coat reach blastocyte, to promote the development and the morphogenesis of seedling of embryo, shorten seed sprouting
Time, enhance seed vitality.
When seedling development to a certain extent after, then by beta pruning handle, allow the branch for being in vegetative growth phase being rich in
Hydroponics growing is carried out in the nutrient solution of a great number of elements and microelement, to realize the production of scale.To adapt to water spinach not
With the nutritional need of growth stage, particular formulation of the present invention for water spinach growth characteristic nutrient solution, and using segmentation
Diluted ciltivating process accelerates its speed of growth, shortens growth cycle, the increase of biomass is greatly facilitated.The method of the present invention
The water spinach highest length of cultivation is more than 35cm, when the height of the water spinach of water planting is more than that water surface 20-30cm can be harvested.
The present invention passes through short-term heat shock-H first2O2Solution impregnates Duplex treatment to improve water spinach seed vitality, then passes through
The processes such as vernalization, sowing, nursery, segmentation water planting are to realize that the water planting to water spinach scale is planted.Water spinach growth of the invention
Rapidly, cultivation period shortening, pest and disease damage are few；Gained water spinach it is fresh and tender it is palatable, content of nitrite is lower, yield is considerable.
Preferably, it is screened in water spinach seed of the seed from storage life no more than 1 year in the step (1).It is described preferred
Seed can be further improved germination percentage.
It preferably, is that every 6-8 hours elution is primary with the frequency that clear water elutes in the step (3).Between preferred elution
Every that can guarantee faster speed of germination, higher germination percentage, can also save water.
Preferably, it is public that 1800-2000 kilograms of decomposed manure, plant ash 80 are mixed into the step (4) in soil per acre
Jin；And pile high 25 centimetres, wide 100-130 centimetres of furrow.Proper amount of organic fertilizer and plant ash are added in this programme and piles
Suitable height, can provide sufficient nutrition for seedling raising process, be conducive to its emergence and hair branches and leaves.
Preferably, seeding in nursery bed amount is 10-15 kilograms per acre in the step (5).The application rate of this programme saves seed
Cost, and there is suitable growing space after guaranteeing water spinach emergence.
Preferably, in the step (9) in incubation, every 3 days of summer replacement one time of nutrition liquid was replaced for winter every 7 days
One time of nutrition liquid.Meet nutrition and oxygen needed for water spinach is grown by replacing nutrient solution, prevents root system from rotting.
Preferably, complex light includes 90%LED feux rouges and 10%LED blue light in the step (9), and light application time is from upper
7 points of noon is to 6 pm, intensity of illumination 1000-2000lx.The compound light adaptation water spinach growth characteristics, accelerate its fast fast-growing
Long and product water spinach Determination of Chlorophyll content is higher.
It preferably, include the raw material of following mass fraction: Ca (NO in every 1000 portions of nutrient solutions in the step (8)3)2·
4H2O40 parts, KNO330 parts, NH4NO34 parts, MgSO4·7H220 parts of O, H3BO30.1 part, MnSO40.2 part, CuSO4·
5H20.08 part of O, ZnSO4·7H20.068 part of O, (NH4)2MoO4·4H20.05 part of O, 1.5 parts of iron salt solutions of chelating；Adjust battalion
Nutrient solution pH is 6.0.Preferred nutrient solution nutrition is balanced, guarantees water spinach growth rapidly, improves yield, and nitrate in gained water spinach
With content of nitrite is lower, nutritive element content is higher.
It is further preferred that 0.1 part of sodium selenite is also added into the step (8) in every 1000 portions of nutrient solutions, 0.2
Part methionine and 0.1 part of isoleucine.Appropriate sodium selenite, methionine and isoleucine is added in experiment discovery in nutrient solution,
The content of selenium in water spinach not only can be improved, the content of NO3-N and NO2-N can also be further decreased.
In conclusion water spinach ciltivating process of the invention has the advantage that (1) can shorten the germination period, improve hair
Bud rate；(2) it is adapted to the growth demand in water spinach each stage, accelerates the speed of growth, improve water spinach yield；Growth cycle is short, can
Four seasons culture, is suitble to large-scale production；(3) Se content in water spinach can be improved while wherein NO3-N and NO2-N contains for reduction
Amount.
Specific embodiment
Clear, complete description is carried out to each technical solution of the present invention with reference to embodiments, it is clear that described implementation
Example is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiment of the present invention, this field is common
Technical staff's obtained all other embodiment without making creative work belongs to the present invention and is protected
Range.Those skilled in the art according to method, process route made by following implementation, function equivalent transformation or replace
Generation, all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention within.
Embodiment 1
The water spinach ciltivating process of the present embodiment, includes the following steps:
(1) seed screens: selection full grains, the smooth storage life in surface are no more than 1 year water spinach seed, are floated with clear water
It washes, removes dust and impurities, while rejecting broken, shrivelled seed；
(2) seed treatment: by the seed of screening Heat thermostability 25 minutes under the conditions of 55 DEG C, then seed is put into rapidly
The H for being 1% to concentration2O2It is impregnated 24 hours in solution；
(3) vernalization: by treated, seed is picked up, and after clear water is cleaned, is carried out in 20 DEG C of germinating cabinet using clear water pair
Water spinach seed carries out elution vernalization, and elution is primary for every eight hours；
(4) matrix prepares: being mixed into 1800 kilograms of decomposed manure, 80 kilograms of plant ash in soil per acre；And it piles high by 25
Centimetre, wide 100 centimetres of furrow；
(5) it sows: being sowed when seed has 50%-60% to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, per acre 10 kilograms of seeding in nursery bed, after planting
100% sunshade covering, controls 25 DEG C -30 DEG C of room temperature on daytime, 15 DEG C -18 DEG C of night, and is sprayed and keeps seedbed wet, controls matrix
Water content 80%-90%, withdraws from sunshade covering after emergence in 6 days；
(6) beta pruning: when water spinach height of seedling being waited to reach 17-20 centimetres, the middle part clip branch of stem is chosen, every section of branch retains 3
Section, removes base portion and middle part blade, only retains 2 leaves in the morphologic upper section of stem；
(7) fixed: the stem section of interception being fixed on water planting cystosepiment by 3-5 centimetres of spacing in the rows, swims in clear water and cultivates
5-7 days, make a nethermost section submerged in water；
(8) preparation of nutrient solution: macro-element nutrients liquid is first prepared, takes following reagent: Ca (NO by weight3)2·
4H2O35 parts, KNO335 parts, NH4NO36 parts, MgSO4·7H222 parts of O；Microelement nutritious liquid is prepared again, is taken by weight
Following reagent: H3BO30.05 part, MnSO40.1 part, CuSO4·5H20.1 part of O, ZnSO4·7H20.05 part of O, (NH4)2MoO4·4H20.06 part of O；Then 1 part of iron salt solutions of chelating is prepared；A great number of elements, microelement and chelating iron salt solutions are mixed
It closes, with tap water polishing to 1000 parts, with phosphoric acid tune pH to 6.2；
(9) segmentation dilution water planting: taking nutrient solution made from step (8) that the nutrient solution that clear water compound concentration is 50% is added,
With stem section fixed in the Solution culture method step (7) of 50% concentration, winter incubation time is 10 days；Step (8) are taken to be made again
Nutrient solution the nutrient solution that clear water compound concentration is 70% is added, with the nutrient solution of the nutrient solution of 70% concentration replacement 50%, after
Continuous culture；Every 7 days replacement one time of nutrition liquid in incubation；Daylight uses LED RGB complex light, and complex light includes
90%LED feux rouges and 10%LED blue light, light application time are the intensity of illumination 1000-2000lx from 7 points in the morning to 6 pm,
Cultivating temperature is 25-28 DEG C；Night stops illumination, and cultivating temperature is 15-18 DEG C；When the height of water spinach is more than water surface 20-30cm
It can be harvested.
Embodiment 2
The water spinach ciltivating process of the present embodiment, includes the following steps:
(1) seed screens: selection full grains, the smooth storage life in surface are no more than 1 year water spinach seed, are floated with clear water
It washes, removes dust and impurities, while rejecting broken, shrivelled seed；
(2) seed treatment: by the seed of screening Heat thermostability 30 minutes under the conditions of 55 DEG C, then seed is put into rapidly
The H for being 1% to concentration2O2It is impregnated 20 hours in solution；
(3) vernalization: by treated, seed is picked up, and after clear water is cleaned, is carried out in 28 DEG C of germinating cabinet using clear water pair
Water spinach seed carries out elution vernalization, and elution in every 6 hours is primary；
(4) matrix prepares: being mixed into 2000 kilograms of decomposed manure, 80 kilograms of plant ash in soil per acre；And it piles high by 25
Centimetre, wide 130 centimetres of furrow；
(5) it sows: being sowed when seed has 50%-60% to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, per acre 10 kilograms of seeding in nursery bed, after planting
100% sunshade covering, controls 25 DEG C -30 DEG C of room temperature on daytime, 15 DEG C -18 DEG C of night, and is sprayed and keeps seedbed wet, controls matrix
Water content 80%-90%, withdraws from sunshade covering after emergence in 6 days；
(6) beta pruning: when water spinach height of seedling being waited to reach 17-20 centimetres, the middle part clip branch of stem is chosen, every section of branch retains 3
Section, removes base portion and middle part blade, only retains 2 leaves in the morphologic upper section of stem；
(7) fixed: the stem section of interception being fixed on water planting cystosepiment by 3-5 centimetres of spacing in the rows, swims in clear water and cultivates
5-7 days, make a nethermost section submerged in water；
(8) preparation of nutrient solution: macro-element nutrients liquid is first prepared, takes following reagent: Ca (NO by weight3)2·
4H2O45 parts, KNO330 parts, NH4NO34 parts, MgSO4·7H218 parts of O；Microelement nutritious liquid is prepared again, is taken by weight
Following reagent: H3BO30.2 part, MnSO40.3 part, CuSO4·5H20.05 part of O, ZnSO4·7H20.08 part of O, (NH4)2MoO4·4H20.04 part of O；Then 2 parts of iron salt solutions of chelating is prepared；A great number of elements, microelement and chelating iron salt solutions are mixed
It closes, with tap water polishing to 1000 parts, with phosphoric acid tune pH to 6.0；
(9) segmentation dilution water planting: taking nutrient solution made from step (8) that the nutrient solution that clear water compound concentration is 50% is added,
With stem section fixed in the Solution culture method step (7) of 50% concentration, summer incubation time is 7 days；Take step (8) obtained again
The nutrient solution that clear water compound concentration is 70% is added in nutrient solution, with the nutrient solution of the nutrient solution replacement 50% of 70% concentration, continues
Culture；Every 3 days replacement one time of nutrition liquid in incubation；Daylight uses LED RGB complex light, and complex light includes 90%
LED feux rouges and 10%LED blue light, light application time are from 7 points in the morning to 6 pm, intensity of illumination 1000-2000lx；It cultivates
Temperature is 25-28 DEG C；Night stops illumination, and cultivating temperature is 15-18 DEG C；When the height of water spinach is more than that water surface 20-30cm can be into
Row harvesting.
Embodiment 3
Compared with Example 2, include the raw material of following mass fraction in the every 1000 portions of nutrient solutions of the present embodiment:
Ca(NO3)2·4H240 parts of O, KNO330 parts, NH4NO34 parts, MgSO4·7H220 parts of O, H3BO30.1 part,
MnSO40.2 part, CuSO4·5H20.08 part of O, ZnSO4·7H20.068 part of O, (NH4)2MoO4·4H20.05 part of O, chelating
1.5 parts of iron salt solutions；Adjusting nutrient solution pH is 6.0.It is other identical with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 4
Compared with Example 2, include the raw material of following mass fraction in the every 1000 portions of nutrient solutions of the present embodiment:
Ca(NO3)2·4H240 parts of O, KNO330 parts, NH4NO34 parts, MgSO4·7H220 parts of O, H3BO30.1 part,
MnSO40.2 part, CuSO4·5H20.08 part of O, ZnSO4·7H20.068 part of O, (NH4)2MoO4·4H20.05 part of O, chelating
1.5 parts of iron salt solutions, 0.1 part of sodium selenite；Adjusting nutrient solution pH is 6.0.It is other identical with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 5
Compared with Example 2, include the raw material of following mass fraction in the every 1000 portions of nutrient solutions of the present embodiment:
Ca(NO3)2·4H240 parts of O, KNO330 parts, NH4NO34 parts, MgSO4·7H220 parts of O, H3BO30.1 part,
MnSO40.2 part, CuSO4·5H20.08 part of O, ZnSO4·7H20.068 part of O, (NH4)2MoO4·4H20.05 part of O, chelating
1.5 parts of iron salt solutions, 0.1 part of sodium selenite, 0.2 part of methionine, 0.1 part of isoleucine；Adjusting nutrient solution pH is 6.0.It is other with
Embodiment 2 it is identical.
Comparative example 1
Compared to embodiment 2, only with Heat thermostability in the seed treatment processes of this comparative example, it is added without H2O2It is soaked in solution
Bubble, it is other same as Example 2.
Comparative example 2
Compared to embodiment 2,7 days nutrient solution cultures using 70% concentration before segmentation dilutes the water planting stage of this comparative example
Support, behind use concentration for 60% nutrient solution, it is other same as Example 2.
Comparative example 3
Compared to embodiment 2, this comparative example does not use segmentation dilution water planting, directlys adopt the Huo Gelanshiying of 100% concentration
Nutrient solution carries out water planting, other same as Example 1.
When vernalization, embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and comparative example 1 each group stochastical sampling, 100 seeds count 24 and 48 respectively
Hour germination percentage, the germination percentage of embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and comparative example 1 is respectively 83%, 89% and 64% at 24 hours；
The germination percentage of embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and comparative example 1 is respectively 95%, 98% and 86% at 24 hours.This illustrates the present invention
Embodiment uses short-term heat shock-H2O2Solution, which impregnates Duplex treatment seed, can greatly improve speed of germination and germination percentage.
According to embodiment and comparative example method simultaneously to water spinach carry out water planting, plant strain growth the 30th day, when the height of water spinach
When degree is more than water surface 20cm or more, while 10 column of stochastical sampling from the water spinach sample that every kind of method is cultivated, test plant height, stem
Slightly, claim fresh weight, rinse well and claim dry weight after dries pulverizing；Average test result is as shown in table 1 below.Using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Spectroscopic methodology tests calcium content；Using the content of fluorescence spectrum second derivative method measurement selenium, vitamin C (Vc) measurement uses 2,6- bis-
Chlorophenol indophenols titration；NO3-N and NO2-N measurement uses spectrophotometry；Average test result is as shown in table 2 below.
1 water spinach sample plant height of table, stem thickness, fresh weight, dry weight average test result
The average test result of Vc, calcium, selenium, nitrate, content of nitrite in 2 water spinach sample of table
By upper Tables 1 and 2 result can be seen that using the method for the embodiment of the present invention turn out come water spinach sample compare
Comparative example, plant height, stem thickness, top fresh weight and dry weight are by being obviously improved, and the content of calcium and Vc also slightly improve.Embodiment
Sodium selenite is added in nutrient solution in 4, significantly improves the Se content of water spinach；It is added in nutrient solution in embodiment 5 appropriate
After sodium selenite, methionine and isoleucine, water spinach plant height, weight are not only significantly improved, is also further improved compared to embodiment 4
Se content, and substantially reduce the content of NO3-N and NO2-N.After changing method for treating seeds in comparative example 1, not only reduce
Germination percentage and speed of germination, seed vitality is also poor compared with embodiment 2, and the plant height for the water spinach for causing the later period to develop into, stem thickness, top are fresh
Weight and dry weight also decreased significantly.Comparative example 2 changes the concentration of segmentation dilution water planting with respect to embodiment 2, leads to each rank of water spinach
Section nutrition supply and growth demand mismatch, and plant height, stem thickness, top fresh weight and the dry weight of water spinach also decreased significantly.
The basic principles, main features and advantages of the invention have been shown and described above, while there has been shown and described that
The embodiment of the present invention, for the ordinary skill in the art, it is possible to understand that do not departing from the principle of the present invention and essence
A variety of change, modification, replacement and modification can be carried out to these embodiments in the case where mind, the scope of the present invention is by appended right
It is required that and its equivalent restriction.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of water spinach ciltivating process, which comprises the steps of:
(1) seed screens: the smooth seed in selection full grains, surface is rinsed with clear water, removes dust and impurities, pick simultaneously
Except broken, shrivelled seed；
(2) seed treatment: by the seed of screening Heat thermostability 25-30 minutes under the conditions of 55 DEG C, then seed is put into rapidly
The H for being 1% to concentration2O2It is impregnated 20-24 hours in solution；
(3) vernalization: by treated, seed is picked up, and after clear water is cleaned, is carried out in 20-28 DEG C of germinating cabinet using clear water to water spinach
Colza carries out elution vernalization；
(4) matrix prepares: will be mixed into decomposed manure and plant ash in soil, and piles furrow；
(5) it sows: being sowed when seed has 50%-60% to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, after planting 100% sunshade covering controls room temperature on daytime
25 DEG C -30 DEG C, 15 DEG C -18 DEG C of night, and be sprayed and keep seedbed wet, water content of substrate 80%-90% is controlled, is emerged within 6-7 days
After withdraw from sunshade covering；
(6) beta pruning: when water spinach height of seedling being waited to reach 17-20 centimetres, the middle part clip branch of stem is chosen, every section of branch retains 3 sections, goes
Fall base portion and middle part blade, only retains 2 leaves in the morphologic upper section of stem；
(7) fixed: the stem section of interception being fixed on water planting cystosepiment by 3-5 centimetres of spacing in the rows, swims in and cultivates 5-7 in clear water
It, makes a nethermost section submerged in water；
(8) preparation of nutrient solution: macro-element nutrients liquid is first prepared, takes following reagent: Ca (NO by weight3)2·4H2O 35
~45 parts, KNO330~35 parts, NH4NO34~6 parts, MgSO4·7H218~22 parts of O；Microelement nutritious liquid is prepared again, is pressed
Parts by weight take following reagent: H3BO30.05~0.2 part, MnSO40.1~0.3 part, CuSO4·5H20.05~0.1 part of O,
ZnSO4·7H20.05~0.08 part of O, (NH4)2MoO4·4H20.04~0.06 part of O；Then chelating iron salt solutions 1~2 are prepared
Part；A great number of elements, microelement and chelating iron salt solutions are mixed, with tap water polishing to 1000 parts, with phosphoric acid tune pH to 6.0
~6.2；
(9) segmentation dilution water planting: taking nutrient solution made from step (8) that the nutrient solution that clear water compound concentration is 50% is added, and uses
Fixed stem section in the Solution culture method step (7) of 50% concentration, incubation time are 7-10 days；Step (8) battalion obtained is taken again
The nutrient solution that clear water compound concentration is 70% is added in nutrient solution, with the nutrient solution of the nutrient solution replacement 50% of 70% concentration, continues to train
It supports；Every 1~10 day replacement one time of nutrition liquid in incubation；Daylight uses LED RGB complex light, cultivates temperature and is
25-28℃；Night stops illumination, and cultivating temperature is 15-18 DEG C；When the height of water spinach is more than that water surface 20-30cm can be harvested.
2. water spinach ciltivating process according to claim 1, which is characterized in that seed is no more than from storage life in step (1)
It is screened in 1 year water spinach seed.
3. water spinach ciltivating process according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be with the frequency that clear water elutes in step (3)
Every 6-8 hours elution is primary.
4. water spinach ciltivating process according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be mixed into soil per acre in step (4) decomposed
1800-2000 kilograms of organic fertilizer, 80 kilograms of plant ash；And pile high 25 centimetres, wide 100-130 centimetres of furrow.
5. water spinach ciltivating process according to claim 1, which is characterized in that seeding in nursery bed amount is 10- per acre in step (5)
15 kilograms.
6. water spinach ciltivating process according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (9) in incubation, summer every 3
Its replacement one time of nutrition liquid, every 7 days of winter replacement one time of nutrition liquid.
7. water spinach ciltivating process according to claim 1, which is characterized in that complex light includes 90%LED red in step (9)
Light and 10%LED blue light, light application time are from 7 points in the morning to 6 pm, intensity of illumination 1000-2000lx.
8. according to claim 1 to 7 described in any item water spinach ciltivating process, which is characterized in that every 1000 parts of battalion in step (8)
It include the raw material of following mass fraction: Ca (NO in nutrient solution3)2·4H240 parts of O, KNO330 parts, NH4NO34 parts, MgSO4·
7H220 parts of O, H3BO30.1 part, MnSO40.2 part, CuSO4·5H20.08 part of O, ZnSO4·7H20.068 part of O, (NH4)2MoO4·4H20.05 part of O, 1.5 parts of iron salt solutions of chelating；Adjusting nutrient solution pH is 6.0.
9. water spinach ciltivating process according to claim 8, which is characterized in that in step (8) in every 1000 portions of nutrient solutions also
It joined 0.1 part of sodium selenite, 0.2 part of methionine and 0.1 part of isoleucine.
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