CN107279881A - 一种鲜笋笋干的制作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种鲜笋笋干的制作方法,包括以下方面:(1)原料选取:选取新鲜采摘竹笋,品质优质;(2)竹笋热浸,浸渍于85℃‑90℃热水中,热浸5‑8min;(3)超声波清洗,在清水中,使用超声波进行清洗;(4)高温蒸煮,对竹笋进行高温杀菌和蒸煮两个阶段加热处理;(5)切片,竹笋切成长条片状,长度在4‑5cm;(6)低温发酵,在30℃‑35℃浸渍液中浸泡20‑25min,加入益生菌,在5℃‑7℃低温下恒温发酵;(7)微波烘干,使用微波烘干机,在43℃‑47℃条件下,进行低压、中压和高压三个阶段烘干工艺。本发明方法制得笋干水分含量低,口感柔嫩,保持竹笋新鲜口感,无污染和添加剂成分,绿色安全。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农产品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种鲜笋笋干的制作方法。
背景技术
竹笋作为食用已有2500多年的历史,经现代测试技术对竹笋的营养分析,其中含有人体必需的氨基酸有丝氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸等;竹笋种还含有10种主要矿物质营养元素,其中铁、锌、锰、铜等是人体必需的微量元素,并且竹笋中含有大量的纤维素,可对肠道起到清理作用,促进体内有害物质排出。由于竹笋季节性较强,将其加工成竹笋延长其食用时间,一般采用自然晒干和烘烤方式加工,自然晒干暴露在阳光下,有害细菌和颗粒容易吸附,笋片老化口感差,而烘烤方法,炉火烘干,笋片表面易烤焦,烘烤中会产生苯丙芘,具有致癌性。中国专利:专利申请号CN201410303787,干竹笋片的加工方法,提供了烘干机三次烘干方法,技术特点为:温度范围40℃-90℃,每个阶段温差在30℃,逐步降低烘干和自然晾晒时间。采用烘干箱烘干提高了烘干效果,缩短烘干时间,以及避免烘烤过程中有害物质产生;但是,其烘干温度高,营养成分易流失,阶段温差大,竹笋烘干口味差异大;烘干后期,竹笋中水分含量较低,多以结合水形式存在,单依靠温度手段难以去除;另外,烘干后采用晾晒冷却,细菌和有害物质会被吸附;鲜笋中加入护色素,其中丁基羟基茴香醚为化工食品添加剂,食用安全性存在风险,而直接进行烘干,未经发酵和蒸煮工艺,干笋片食用口感干涩,不易消化。
发明内容
本发明针对现有的问题:烘干方法方面,传统采用自然晾晒和烘烤方式,自然晾晒细菌和有害颗粒容易吸附,烘烤中容易产生苯丙芘,具有致癌性。申请专利:干竹笋片的加工方法中所提供的烘干方法,其烘干温度高,营养物质易损失,阶段烘干温差大,笋干口感差异大;笋片水分含量,烘干末期,笋片中水分含量低,多以结合水形式存在,依靠低温度段难以去除;笋片处理方法,其中护色素中添加丁基羟基茴香醚,食用安全性存在风险,而直接进行烘干,未经发酵和蒸煮工艺,笋片中大分子营养物质未被初步分解,干笋片食用口感干涩,不易消化。为解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种鲜笋笋干的制作方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种鲜笋笋干的制作方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料选取:选取新鲜采摘竹笋,无病虫损伤和外部无污染的嫩竹笋;将竹笋外皮手动剥去;
(2)竹笋热浸:将剥去笋皮的竹笋,迅速浸渍于热水中,热水可对竹笋上部分细菌进行灭活;
(3)超声波清洗:将热浸后竹笋放入清水中,冷却后,开启超声波清洗机,清洗10-15min,超声波振荡作用可杀死竹笋上细菌和清洗除去杂质;
(4)高温蒸煮:清洗后的竹笋放置于高温蒸锅中,进行高温蒸煮,使竹笋细胞失活,降低储藏过程中,细胞有氧呼吸营养物质消耗,使笋片易老化和腐败变质;高温杀菌阶段,可对竹笋上残留的嗜热菌种进行灭活,82℃-87℃蒸煮温度,蒸煮的同时降低营养成分损失;
(5)切片:将经过高温蒸煮的竹笋切成长条片状,长度在4-5cm的笋片;
(6)低温发酵:先将笋片在30℃-35℃水浴条件,在浸渍液中浸泡20-25min,温度提高浸渍液成分分子活度,提高对笋片的渗透作用;对原料进行微粉化处理,增加接触面积,提高发酵速率,在水中蒸煮,制成发酵液;冷却后,加入发酵液质量2%-3%的益生菌,将笋片浸入其中,封闭发酵罐开口,在5℃-7℃恒温条件下,培养16-20h;低温下,微生物新陈代谢速度慢,对笋片成分进行低速初步分解,提高笋片的柔嫩性,防止发酵过度;
(7)微波烘干:将经过发酵的笋片,平放于微波烘干机内,微波产生的热能和电磁波,可被笋片中水分子吸收,增加水分子活跃度,促进水与结合物分离,提高水分析出率,并起到杀菌作用,烘干温度为43℃-47℃,通过调节压强和湿度,烘干后期,笋干中水分含量大幅减少,多以结合状态存在,逐步增加压强和降低湿度,提高外部环境渗透压,降低外部不饱和度,提高水分析出率,进行阶段式烘干工艺:第一低压阶段,烘干箱压强1-1.5Pa,湿度50%-54%,时间15-20min;第二中压阶段,烘干箱压强1.5-2.5Pa,湿度34%-37%,时间20-25min;第三高压阶段,烘干箱压强3-4Pa,湿度12%-17%,时间30-35min。
步骤(2)竹笋热浸,其浸渍温度为85℃-90℃,浸渍时间5-8min。
步骤(4)所述的高温蒸煮,其工艺参数为:
杀菌阶段,温度121℃-123℃,时间5-7min;蒸煮阶段,温度82℃-87℃,时间30-40min。
步骤(6)所述的浸渍液,其各配制成分质量计份为:
无菌水80-90份、单宁4-7份、儿茶素3-5份、花青素1-3份。
步骤(6)所述的发酵液,其配制方法为:
按照质量计份称取蔗糖12-13份、生姜5-7份、大蒜2-4份、八角7-9份、菊花2-3份、茉莉花2-4份;将生姜、大蒜、八角、菊花和茉莉花,进行微粉化处理,加入无菌水和蔗糖,混合均匀后,加热至40℃-45℃,蒸煮12-15min,制得发酵液。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点:微波烘干方法,微波产生的能量和电磁波,被笋片中水分子吸收,提高水分子活跃度,促进水分子与结合物分离,在43℃-47℃相对较低烘干温度下,减少笋片中营养成分流失;在温度恒定下,采用逐渐提高压力和降低环境湿度方式,增加外部渗透压,降低环境不饱和度,促进笋干中水分析出,相对烘干箱加热方式,可提高水分烘干速度和烘干程度。浸渍方法,浸渍液成分采用单宁、儿茶素、花青素,均为天然无毒成分,具有很强 抗氧化性和杀菌性,对笋干起到护色和抗菌作用。低温发酵和蒸煮方法,在5℃-7℃进行发酵,低温条件下益生菌新陈代谢速度慢,微生物对笋干中营养物质进行低速分解,提高笋干食用柔嫩性,同时防止发酵过度,笋干中营养成分完全分解,失去笋干原有风味;鲜笋蒸煮后,细胞失活,营养物质滞留细胞内,降低了竹笋在储藏过程中,细胞新陈代谢对营养物质的消耗和有害代谢产物的积累。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
一种鲜笋笋干的制作方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料选取:选取新鲜采摘竹笋,无病虫损伤和外部无污染的嫩竹笋;将竹笋外皮手动剥去;
(2)竹笋热浸:将剥去笋皮的竹笋,迅速浸渍于热水中;
(3)超声波清洗:将热浸后竹笋放入清水中,冷却后,开启超声波清洗机,清洗10-15min;
(4)高温蒸煮:清洗后的竹笋放置于高温蒸锅中,进行高温蒸煮;
(5)切片:经过高温蒸煮的竹笋切成长条片状,长度在4-5cm的笋片;
(6)低温发酵:先将的笋片在31℃水浴条件,在浸渍液中浸泡22min;对原料进行微粉化处理,在水中蒸煮,制成发酵液;冷却后,加入发酵液质量2%的益生菌,将笋片浸入其中,封闭发酵罐开口,在5℃恒温条件下,培养17h;
(7)微波烘干:将经过发酵的笋片,平放于微波烘干机内,烘干温度为44℃,通过调节压强和湿度,进行阶段式烘干工艺:第一低压阶段,烘干箱压强1.2Pa,湿度51%,时间17min;第二中压阶段,烘干箱压强1.8Pa,湿度35%,时间22min;第三高压阶段,烘干箱压强3.4Pa,湿度14%,时间32min。
步骤(2)竹笋热浸,其浸渍温度为86℃,浸渍时间6min。
步骤(4)所述的高温蒸煮,其工艺参数为:
杀菌阶段,温度122℃,时间5min;蒸煮阶段,温度84℃,时间34min。
步骤(6)所述的浸渍液,其各配制成分质量计份为:
无菌水84份、单宁4.2份、儿茶素3.4份、花青素1-3份。
步骤(6)所述的发酵液,其配制方法为:
按照质量计份称取蔗糖12.4份、生姜5.5份、大蒜2.6份、八角7.2份、菊花2.4份、茉莉花2.2份;将生姜、大蒜、八角、菊花和茉莉花,进行微粉化处理,加入无菌水和蔗糖,混合均匀后,加热至41℃,蒸煮13min,制得发酵液。
实施例2:
本实施例2与实施例1比较,步骤变化在以下方面:
步骤(2)竹笋热浸,其浸渍温度为88℃,浸渍时间7min。
步骤(4)所述的高温蒸煮,其工艺参数为:
杀菌阶段,温度123℃,时间7min;蒸煮阶段,温度86℃,时间38min。
步骤(5)所述的浸渍液,其各配制成分质量计份为:
无菌水88份、单宁6.5份、儿茶素4.6份、花青素2.8份。
步骤(6)所述的发酵液,其配制方法为:
按照质量计份称取蔗糖12.8份、生姜6.4份、大蒜3.6份、八角8.2份、菊花2.8-3份、茉莉花3.5份;将生姜、大蒜、八角、菊花和茉莉花,进行微粉化处理,加入无菌水和蔗糖,混合均匀后,加热至44℃,蒸煮14min,制得发酵液。
步骤(6)低温发酵,其发酵温度为7℃,培养时间为18h。
步骤(7)微波烘干,其工艺参数为:
烘干温度45℃,第一低压阶段,烘干箱压强1.4Pa,湿度53%,时间18min;第二中压阶段,烘干箱压强2.2Pa,湿度36%,时间24min;第三高压阶段,烘干箱压强3.6Pa,湿度15%,时间34min。
对比1:
本对比1与实施例1比较,未进行步骤(4)高温蒸煮,其他步骤与实施例1相同。
对比2:
本对比2与实施例2比较,未进行步骤(6)低温发酵,其他步骤与实施例2相同。
对比3:
本对比3与实施例2比较,未进行步骤(6)中浸渍液配制及使用,其他步骤与实施例2相同。
对比4:
本对比4与实施例1比较,未进行步骤(7)微波烘干,其他步骤与实施例1相同。
对比5:
本对比5与实施例1比较,步骤(7)微波烘干,其工艺参数为:温度为44℃,压强1.2Pa,湿度51%,时间71min,其他步骤与实施例1相同。
对照组:
对照组采用自然晾晒方法烘干竹笋,未使用高温蒸煮、低温发酵、浸渍液及微波烘干。
对实施例1、实施例2、对比1、对比2、对比3、对比4、对比5及对照组实验方案,测试笋片中水分含量、食用柔嫩性、新鲜性和色泽、以及菌落总数(保存3个月后测试)。
食用柔嫩性、新鲜性和色泽评价:其中﹢﹢﹢﹢﹢为很好,﹢﹢﹢﹢为较好,﹢﹢﹢为一般,﹢﹢为差,﹢为很差;各评价样本容量均为50个,评价结果以超样本2/3评价结果为准。
实验数据:
项目 | 水分含量% | 菌落总数cfu/g | 食用柔嫩性 | 新鲜性和色泽 |
实施例1 | 13.40% | 1463 | ﹢﹢﹢﹢ | ﹢﹢﹢﹢ |
实施例2 | 13.70% | 1397 | ﹢﹢﹢﹢ | ﹢﹢﹢﹢ |
对比1 | 14.60% | 2275 | ﹢﹢ | ﹢﹢ |
对比2 | 13.90% | 1562 | ﹢﹢ | ﹢﹢﹢ |
对比3 | 12.70% | 3407 | ﹢﹢﹢ | ﹢﹢ |
对比4 | 26.80% | 4878 | ﹢﹢ | ﹢﹢ |
对比5 | 17.70% | 2406 | ﹢﹢﹢ | ﹢﹢﹢ |
对照组 | 31.20% | 8541 | ﹢ | ﹢ |
综合结果:通过对竹笋使用微波烘干方法,可降低竹笋中水分含量为13.4%,菌落总数降低3415cfu/g,提高了笋干的食用柔嫩性、新鲜性和色泽;使用高温蒸煮和低温发酵,可降低笋干中菌落总数分别为812 cfu/g、165 cfu/g,提高了笋干的食用柔嫩性、新鲜性和色泽;而使用浸渍液对笋片浸泡,降低笋干中菌落总数2010 cfu/g,提高了笋干的食用柔嫩性、新鲜性和色泽。
Claims (5)
1.一种鲜笋笋干的制作方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料选取:选取新鲜采摘竹笋,无病虫损伤和外部无污染的嫩竹笋;将竹笋外皮手动剥去;
(2)竹笋热浸:将剥去笋皮的竹笋,迅速浸渍于热水中;
(3)超声波清洗:将热浸后竹笋放入清水中,冷却后,开启超声波清洗机,清洗10-15min;
(4)高温蒸煮:清洗后的竹笋放置于高温蒸锅中,进行高温蒸煮;
(5)切片:将经过高温蒸煮的竹笋切成长条片状,长度在4-5cm的笋片;
(6)低温发酵:先将笋片在30℃-35℃水浴条件,在浸渍液中浸泡20-25min;对配制原料进行微粉化处理,在水中蒸煮,制成发酵液;冷却后,加入发酵液质量2%-3%的益生菌,将笋片浸入其中,封闭发酵罐开口,在5℃-7℃恒温条件下,培养16-20h;
(7)微波烘干:将经过发酵的笋片,平放于微波烘干机内,烘干温度为43℃-47℃,通过调节压强和湿度,进行阶段式烘干工艺:第一低压阶段,烘干箱压强1-1.5Pa,湿度50%-54%,时间15-20min;第二中压阶段,烘干箱压强1.5-2.5Pa,湿度34%-37%,时间20-25min;第三高压阶段,烘干箱压强3-4Pa,湿度12%-17%,时间30-35min。
2.如权利要求1所述鲜笋笋干的制作方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)竹笋热浸,其浸渍温度为85℃-90℃,浸渍时间5-8min。
3.如权利要求1所述鲜笋笋干的制作方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)所述的高温蒸煮,其工艺参数为:
杀菌阶段,温度121℃-123℃,时间5-7min;蒸煮阶段,温度82℃-87℃,时间30-40min。
4.如权利要求1所述鲜笋笋干的制作方法,其特征在于,步骤(6)所述的浸渍液,其各配制成分质量计份为:
无菌水80-90份、单宁4-7份、儿茶素3-5份、花青素1-3份。
5.如权利要求1所述鲜笋笋干的制作方法,其特征在于,步骤(6)所述的发酵液,其配制方法为:
按照质量计份称取蔗糖12-13份、生姜5-7份、大蒜2-4份、八角7-9份、菊花2-3份、茉莉花2-4份;将生姜、大蒜、八角、菊花和茉莉花,进行微粉化处理,加入无菌水和蔗糖,混合均匀后,加热至40℃-45℃,蒸煮12-15min,制得发酵液。
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CN115250923A (zh) * | 2022-09-26 | 2022-11-01 | 云南省农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | 一种八角茴香的组培快繁方法 |
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