CN107250076B - 在塑料镀覆方法中使用无铬蚀刻剂时用于挂架的抑制剂组合物 - Google Patents

在塑料镀覆方法中使用无铬蚀刻剂时用于挂架的抑制剂组合物 Download PDF

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CN107250076B
CN107250076B CN201680011492.1A CN201680011492A CN107250076B CN 107250076 B CN107250076 B CN 107250076B CN 201680011492 A CN201680011492 A CN 201680011492A CN 107250076 B CN107250076 B CN 107250076B
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F·诺福克
A·科尼格绍芬
A·福尔曼恩
C·沃纳尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于抑制聚合物表面上的电化学金属镀覆的水性抑制组合物,所述抑制组合物包含从具有至少一个硫和至少一个氮原子的一组化合物中选出的抑制剂,并涉及一种用于抑制挂架区域的绝缘表面的方法。本发明的抑制组合物能够提供一种解决方案,用于在塑料镀覆方法中应用无铬蚀刻时,禁止在挂架的绝缘区域上的非预期的金属化。

Description

在塑料镀覆方法中使用无铬蚀刻剂时用于挂架的抑制剂组 合物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种抑制剂组合物,用于防止在使用无铬蚀刻剂的塑料镀覆(platingon plastics)方法中挂架的高分子绝缘部分。此外,本发明涉及一种在使用无铬蚀刻剂的塑料镀覆方法中抑制挂架的方法。
背景技术
表面技术领域中众所周知的是为了装饰或技术目的,用电化学镀覆方法用金属如铜、镍或铬来覆盖塑料部件的表面。
用电化学方法镀覆的部件通常固定在挂架上并与其电接触。触点由纯金属组成,因为需要从挂架到每个部件的电流,以确保电镀。然而,挂架的其余部分通常使用惰性聚合物绝缘,以防止在挂架的其余部分上,即在挂架的并非作为待镀部件的触点的区域上的金属镀覆。像这样,挂架绝缘体的表面通常由与待镀部件表面不同的聚合物制成。然而,挂架绝缘体聚合物有可能被无意地镀覆。通常,这种无意的挂架镀覆会导致报废和更高的消耗成本。因此,要么必须在镀覆工艺之后移除挂架绝缘体上所镀的金属,要么必须禁止在挂架的绝缘区域上的金属电镀。第一种选择方案称为剥离,但是在镀覆工艺完成之后剥离挂架的整个绝缘区域以及已经从挂架上移除的镀覆部件是效率非常低的,因此是不经济的。因此,第二种选择更有效。当在电化学镀覆工艺中使用包含铬酸的被镀部件的蚀刻时,绝缘的挂架部分被铬酸蚀刻抑制。铬酸作用于挂架的绝缘区域,作为后续电化学镀覆步骤的抑制剂(poison),不需要进一步抑制绝缘挂架区域。
然而,铬酸和含铬蚀刻剂的使用被广泛认为是非常有害的,铬酸包含在高度关注物质(SVHC)的REACH清单中。因此,由于行政和官方授权负担高,对环境有害,因此未来的使用被认为是昂贵的。
开发了一些用于蚀刻待电化学镀覆的塑料部件以避免铬酸蚀刻剂的替代方法。
例如,最近已知用于蚀刻待用金属电化学镀覆的塑料部件的技术是使用锰基蚀刻组合物,其中锰化合物与各种强酸组合使用。
然而,使用替代的蚀刻方法引起如下问题,即不再像在铬基蚀刻方法中那样发生挂架的绝缘区域的抑制。因此,要么挂架的绝缘区域与塑料部件一起镀上金属,要么必须找到一些其他方法来实现对挂架区域的抑制,以便使得在电化学塑料镀覆中的无铬蚀刻经济地起作用。
发明内容
因此,在众多方面之中,本发明的目的是提供一种组合物,用于在电化学塑料镀覆方法中,当该方法中使用无铬蚀刻剂时抑制挂架的绝缘区域。此外,本发明的一个方面是提供一种用于在不使用含铬蚀刻剂的电化学塑料镀覆方法中抑制绝缘挂架区域的方法。
令人惊奇地发现,本发明的关于组合物的目的是通过独立权利要求1的水性抑制组合物来解决的。
通过独立权利要求1,提供了一种用于抑制绝缘表面上的电化学金属镀覆的水性抑制组合物,所述抑制组合物包含含有一个或多个氮原子和一个或多个硫原子的抑制剂。
本发明提供的水性抑制组合物能够可靠地抑制例如用于保持待电化学镀覆部件的挂架上的高分子绝缘表面区域的金属镀覆。
通过使用本发明的水性抑制组合物,可以通过避免镀覆后的用于挂架绝缘区域的剥离程序来提高塑料镀覆方法。对于无铬蚀刻溶液的使用,对经济地实施用于替代的更环保的方法来说,为了避免重新调整镀浴和剥离的成本,可以提供对绝缘挂架区域的抑制是典型的。据统计,绝缘挂架区域的表面大约是待镀覆部件的表面尺寸的两倍,在此背景下,可以想象,只要没有解决方案来阻止绝缘挂架区域与待镀覆部件一起被镀覆,镀覆那些挂架区域并在镀覆工艺之后将它们再次剥离,使得所有非铬蚀刻替代品几乎不可能用于工业方法。因此,本发明通过提供一种用于利用非铬蚀刻剂的塑料镀覆方法的抑制组合物,从而大大提高了工业规模的一般实施。
令人惊奇地发现,通过使用含有抑制剂的抑制组合物,该抑制剂在同一化合物中组合含有至少一个氮原子和至少一个硫原子,可以以易于操作和环保的方式实现对绝缘挂架区域的表面的镀覆的抑制。已经发现,通过本发明的组合物,可以在装载待镀部件之前或甚至之后,并在进行镀覆工艺的蚀刻步骤之前,将挂架浸入到抑制组合物中。这种简单的处理可以容易地包括在现有的塑料镀覆装置中。
本发明组合物的抑制剂可以选自含有一个或多个氮原子另外还含有一个或多个硫原子的多种化合物。这些化合物包括硫代氨基甲酸酯、氨基硫脲、硫脲、含氮二硫化物、含氮和硫原子的杂环化合物以及硫氰酸盐。一种或多种含氮二硫化物的例子是双(二甲基硫代氨基甲酰基)二硫化物、(秋兰姆)双(二乙基硫代氨基甲酰基)二硫化物等。硫氰酸盐的例子是硫氰酸钠和硫氰酸钾。含氮和硫原子的杂环化合物的例子是噻唑、噻唑啉和噻唑烷。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,包含在水性抑制组合物中的抑制剂是至少一种根据式I的包含硫原子和氮原子的化合物:
R2N-C(S)Y (I)
其中R各自独立地为氢或支链或非支链C1至C13的烷基、烯基或芳基,Y为XR1、NR2 2或N(H)NR3 2,其中X为O或S,而R1、R2、R3各自独立地为氢、碱金属或支链或非支链C1至C13的烷基、烯基或芳基。这种化合物的例子包括硫脲、硫代氨基甲酸酯、氨基硫脲。
根据式(I)的这种硫代氨基甲酸酯的例子包括二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸、二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸、二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸钠水合物、二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠三水合物等。根据式(I)的这种氨基硫脲的例子包括4,4-二甲基-3-氨基硫脲和4,4-二乙基-3-氨基硫脲。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案,抑制剂可以选自硫脲类。
可用于本发明的硫脲化合物可以用下式表征:
[R2N]2CS (II)
其中每个R各自独立地为氢或烷基、环烷基、烯基或芳基。烷基、环烷基、烯基和芳基可以含有多达十个或更多个碳原子和例如羟基、氨基和/或卤素基团的取代基。烷基和烯基可以是直链或支链的。用于本发明的硫脲包括硫脲或同系物、各种公认的衍生物或其类似物。这种硫脲的例子包括硫脲、1,3-二甲基-2-硫脲、1,3-二丁基-2-硫脲、1,3-二癸基-2-硫脲、1,3-二乙基-2-硫脲、1,1-二乙基-2-硫脲、1,3-二庚基-2-硫脲、1,1-二苯基-2-硫脲、1-乙基-1-(1-萘基)-2-硫脲、1-乙基-1-苯基-2-硫脲、1-乙基-3-苯基-2-硫脲、1-苯基-2-硫脲、1,3-二苯基-2-硫脲、1,1,3,3-四甲基-2-硫脲、1-烯丙基-2-硫脲、3-烯丙基-1,1-二乙基-2-硫脲和1-甲基-3-羟乙基-2-硫脲、2,4-二硫代缩二脲、2,4,6-三硫代缩二脲、异硫脲的烷氧基醚、羟基乙醇烯丙基硫脲、正烯丙基硫脲、羟乙基硫脲等。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案,抑制组合物的pH值为2~13。因此,抑制剂可以以提供足够pH值的浓度包含在水性抑制组合物中。就本发明而言,pH值以实际pH值度量,并且不受任何测量失败的影响,例如,通过使用玻璃电极测量高碱溶液的pH值而发生的碱性失败。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案,抑制剂可以以≥0.10g/l至≤100g/l,优选≥1g/l至≤10g/l的浓度包含在组合物中。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案,抑制组合物可另外包含至少一种缓冲剂。可在本发明组合物中用作缓冲剂的化合物可以是磷酸盐、磷酸氢盐、硼酸盐、亚乙基胺或亚乙基胺与强酸如盐酸或硫酸的加合物,例如乙醇胺、乙二胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺,或羧酸盐,例如甲酸钾、乙酸钠、酒石酸钠钾或柠檬酸铵。
如此,在生产线中,组合物的pH值可以稳定,以达到组合物的良好的长期性能寿命。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案,本发明的抑制组合物还可以包含增加抑制剂化合物在组合物中的溶解度的试剂。
这种试剂是本领域公知的,并且可以例如在诸如助溶剂、共溶质如水溶助长剂、成盐剂、沉淀抑制剂、络合剂、pH调节剂和表面活性剂之类的试剂中进行选择。
如此,可以实现在水性组合物中更高浓度的抑制剂,从而因为在聚合物挂架区域上的更好的抑制剂负载而提供抑制剂组合物的更好的效率,例如较短的浸渍时间或更有效的抑制作用。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案,抑制组合物还可以包含用于挂架绝缘体聚合物的溶胀剂。
这种试剂是本领域熟知的,例如可以选自芳族和脂族氯化溶剂、芳族烃、二醇醚、酮和醛。
随着挂架绝缘聚合物的溶胀,可以实现抑制剂化合物更好的吸收。因此,可以实现与溶解度增强剂相同的效果。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案,本发明的抑制组合物可以在水中,优选在去离子水中以已经混合好的溶液的形式提供给使用者。或者,组分可以以浓缩物的形式运输以减少运输成本。
本发明还涉及一种如独立权利要求10所述的用于抑制在挂架区域的绝缘表面上的电化学金属镀覆的方法。因此,提供了一种用于抑制在挂架区域的绝缘表面上的电化学金属镀覆的方法,所述方法包括使挂架的绝缘表面(其应被抑制避免后续电化学金属镀覆方法)与根据本发明的抑制组合物接触的步骤。
本发明的方法具有在已知的塑料镀覆方法中易于实施的优点。用于实施挂架绝缘区域的抑制步骤的最佳生产线是当先前用于承载待镀部件的挂架被拆卸并且已镀部件被去除时的生产线。然后,挂架的剥离工艺可去除在挂架的非绝缘连接区域上镀覆的金属。在该剥离工艺中,抑制挂架绝缘区域的步骤可以应用如下。
例如,根据本发明方法的挂架的完整剥离和预清洗工艺可以包括以下顺序的步骤:
a)挂架钩的剥离步骤,
b)一个或多个漂洗步骤,
c)使用本发明抑制组合物的抑制步骤,
d)可选地,一个或多个漂洗步骤,
e)干燥步骤,
f)使用新的待镀部件的挂架组装步骤,
g)酸或碱清洗步骤,以及
h)一个或多个漂洗步骤。
在替代实施例中,根据本发明方法的挂架的完整剥离和预清洗工艺可以包括以下顺序的步骤:
a')挂架钩的剥离步骤,
b')一个或多个漂洗步骤,
c')干燥步骤,
d')使用新的待镀部件的挂架组装步骤,
e')酸或碱清洗步骤,
f')使用本发明抑制组合物的抑制步骤,以及
g')可选地,一个或多个漂洗步骤。
换句话说,根据本发明方法的一个实施方案,使表面与抑制组合物接触的步骤被包括在将挂架与金属剥离的工艺生产线中,该金属是在前一轮的于塑料部件上电化学镀覆金属时镀覆在挂架接触区域上的。在该剥离工艺中,根据本发明的抑制步骤可以在挂架组装步骤之前或甚至之后进行,其中待镀的新部件被放置在挂架上。如此,在现有工艺中实施是非常通用的。
根据上述的替代的剥离和预清洗工艺,还可以将步骤e')和f')组合成一个工艺步骤中,即酸或碱清洗步骤可以与使用本发明抑制组合物的抑制步骤同时进行。如此,通过本发明的抑制,处理时间可以保持非常短。
在塑料上电化学金属镀覆方法的已知工艺的一个例子将在剥离工艺之后进行,可以总结如下:
I)蚀刻步骤,
II)一个或多个漂洗步骤,
III)中和步骤,
IV)HCl浸渍步骤,
V)钯活化步骤,
VI)一个或多个漂洗步骤,
VII)加速剂或电导率步骤,
VIII)一个或多个漂洗步骤,
IX)无电镀镍或镀铜步骤或可选的电解铜或镍沉积步骤,以及
X)可选地,最终金属层或合金的施加步骤。
在蚀刻步骤I)中,可以使用已知的铬酸蚀刻剂的替代物。这种替代物的一个例子是锰基蚀刻剂。这种蚀刻剂例如描述于美国专利US 8603352、PCT专利申请WO2013163316A2或PCT专利申请WO2013112268A2。
在步骤X)中,所施加的最终金属或合金层可以选自例如铜、镍、铬、锡、锌、铁、钴、银、钯、金及它们的组合。
在包括抑制挂架绝缘区域的创造性步骤的替代顺序步骤中,剥离顺序可以包括以下步骤:
i)与使用本发明的抑制组合物的抑制步骤组合的挂架钩的剥离步骤,
ii)一个或多个漂洗步骤,
iii)干燥步骤,
iv)使用新的待镀部件的挂架组装,
v)酸或碱清洗步骤,以及
vi)一个或多个漂洗步骤。
换句话说,在本发明方法的另一个实施方案中,使表面与抑制组合物接触的步骤与剥离挂架的步骤相结合成为单一工艺步骤。如此,可以实现更短的处理时间。
在本发明方法的一个优选实施方案中,在范围为≥10℃至≤100℃,优选为≥40℃至≤70℃的温度下将待抑制的表面与所述抑制组合物接触。
已经发现,作为一般的经验法则,在抑制步骤中较高温度的抑制组合物能改善抑制作用。然而,在室温下,绝缘挂架区域的抑制通常也能以高效率进行,即便对于工业规模的步骤实施而言足够短的浸渍时间也如此。
根据本发明的方法,可以使待抑制的表面与抑制组合物接触≤90分钟,优选≤10分钟和≥10秒之间的一段时间。
本发明的方法以及本发明的抑制组合物可以用于抑制从由如下物质构成的群组中选出的高分子表面的电化学金属镀覆:PVC、塑料溶胶、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、PTFE、
Figure BDA0001385672060000091
(ECTFE,即乙烯-氯代三氟乙烯共聚物)、部分卤化的特别是部分氟化的聚合物等。
为了使本发明的水性抑制组合物与待抑制以避免随后的金属镀覆的表面接触,表面可以浸入到本发明的抑制组合物中,或者可以通过适当的手段例如喷嘴将组合物喷雾到待抑制的表面上。接触后,表面可以用去离子水或自来水冲洗。
当通过将表面浸入到组合物中而将待抑制以避免随后的金属镀覆的表面与本发明的抑制组合物接触时,可以包括使用搅拌手段以使抑制剂更均匀分布。
具体实施方式
本发明通过以下实施例进一步说明,而本发明构思不以任何方式限于这些实施方案。
实施例
实施例1(根据本发明)
通过向1000ml水中加入如下的抑制剂来提供水性抑制组合物。在挂架钩的剥离步骤之后并且在不同条件下装载塑料部件之前通过使用本发明的水性抑制组合物对挂架绝缘体的金属化的影响描述在下表1中。作为参考,将挂架在不同条件下浸入自来水,而不添加抑制化合物。
表1:
Figure BDA0001385672060000101
其中A=2-(甲硫基)-2-噻唑啉;B=硫脲;C=4-甲基氨基硫脲;D=硫氰酸钾;E=5-甲基-2-硫脲嘧啶;F=1-二苯基-2-硫脲;G=5-甲基-2-硫代乙内酰脲;H=HEAT(羟乙基-烯丙基硫脲)。
实施例2(根据本发明)
通过向1000ml预清洗剂中加入如下的抑制剂来提供水性抑制组合物。在不同条件下加载待金属化的塑料部件之后,通过使用这种含水抑制组合物对挂架绝缘体的金属化的影响描述在下表2中。作为参考,将挂架在不同条件下浸入相同的预清洗剂溶液中,而不添加抑制化合物。
表2:
Figure BDA0001385672060000111
其中A=2-(甲硫基)-2-噻唑啉;B=硫脲;C=4-甲基氨基硫脲;D=硫氰酸钾;E=5-甲基-2-硫脲嘧啶;F=1-二苯基-2-硫脲;G=5-甲基-2-硫代乙内酰脲;H=HEAT(羟乙基-烯丙基硫脲)。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于抑制挂架区域的绝缘表面的方法,所述方法包括使表面与水性抑制组合物接触的步骤,其中所述水性抑制组合物包含抑制剂,该抑制剂为至少一种式I的抑制剂:
R2N-C(S)Y (I)
其中R各自独立地为H或支链或非支链C1至C13的烷基、烯基或芳基,Y为XR1、NR2 2或N(H)NR3 2,其中X为O或S,而R1、R2、R3各自独立地为H、碱金属或支链或非支链C1至C13的烷基、烯基或芳基,
其中该抑制剂的浓度范围为≥1g/l至≤10g/l,
其中该挂架的绝缘区域上的绝缘体是从PVC、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、PTFE、ECTFE、部分卤化的聚合物中选出的聚合物,
并且其中,在范围为≥40℃至≤70℃的温度下将该表面与所述抑制组合物接触≤10分钟和≥10秒之间的一段时间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中使表面与抑制组合物接触的步骤被包括在塑料镀覆生产线中蚀刻工艺步骤之前的工艺生产线中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中使表面与抑制组合物接触的步骤与剥离挂架的步骤相结合成为单一工艺步骤,或者其中使表面与抑制组合物接触的步骤与预清洗步骤相结合成为蚀刻步骤之前的单一工艺步骤。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,所述蚀刻工艺步骤是使用锰基蚀刻剂进行的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,所述组合物的pH值为2~13。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述抑制组合物还包含至少一种缓冲剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述抑制组合物还包含增加抑制剂化合物在组合物中的溶解度的试剂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述抑制组合物还包含用于挂架绝缘体聚合物的一种或多种溶胀剂。
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EP3059277B2 (en) 2022-03-30
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CN107250076A (zh) 2017-10-13
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