CN107231930A - A kind of high yield cultivating method of balsam pear - Google Patents
A kind of high yield cultivating method of balsam pear Download PDFInfo
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- CN107231930A CN107231930A CN201710561593.2A CN201710561593A CN107231930A CN 107231930 A CN107231930 A CN 107231930A CN 201710561593 A CN201710561593 A CN 201710561593A CN 107231930 A CN107231930 A CN 107231930A
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- balsam pear
- furrow
- nutrition soil
- water
- high yield
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high yield cultivating method of balsam pear, it is related to growing vegetables technical field, including following key step：(1) variety selection, (2) prepared by Nutrition Soil, (3) site preparation does furrow, (4) presoaking and germinating, (5) sow, (6) field management, the training of (7) built, (8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, (9) are harvested in time.Cultural method of the present invention can make the unearthed rate of balsam pear seedling reach more than 98%, and the seedling percent after being unearthed is reached more than 99%, and seedling-growing time is shortened to 8 days, yield lifting more than 25%；Fertilizer efficiency is long simultaneously, effectively reduces the number of times that topdresses during cultivation.
Description
Technical field：
The present invention relates to growing vegetables technical field, and in particular to a kind of high yield cultivating method of balsam pear.
Background technology：
Balsam pear, Curcurbitaceae balsam pear platymiscium is annual to climb up by holding on to the weak draft of shape, multi-branched, fruit spindle or cylinder,
Polyoma is wrinkled, orange-yellow after maturation.Balsam pear, bitter, master does vegetables, also can sugaring, mature sarcocarp and aril also edible.Balsam pear
With abundant medical value, the tender skin of such as clearing heat and detoxicating, beauty treatment, hypoglycemic, blood-nourishing nourishing liver.
Balsam pear is that a kind of growth is fast, the early, emergency crops of high and stable yield of going into operation, but traditional balsam pear implantation methods have plantation
The defect that density is excessive, pest and disease damage is more, applications of pesticide amount is big, topdress often, extends the crop cycle of balsam pear, and reduces it
Yield and quality.
The content of the invention：
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide the balsam pear that a kind of seedling-growing time is short, emergence rate is high and yield is big
High yield cultivating method.
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are realized using following technical scheme：
A kind of high yield cultivating method of balsam pear, including following key step：
(1) variety selection：Select that growing way is good, branch ability strong, heat resistanceheat resistant, disease-resistant and high yield Varieties of Balsam Pear；
(2) prepared by Nutrition Soil：The thin river sand of loam and fineness 0.25-0.35mm is respectively placed in 60-70 DEG C of baking oven and done
Dry 8h, then by dried loam and thin river sand with weight ratio 20:1 ratio is mixed to prepare Nutrition Soil major ingredient, then adds vinegar
The fertile auxiliary agent of poor organic fertilizer, tea seed cake powder and water conservation control, is well mixed, and the regulation water content that adds water reaches 65-70%, produces nutrition
Soil；
(3) site preparation does furrow：The selection first year did not planted the plot of balsam pear, ploughs deeply and suns the earth which has been ploughed up, and applied 5-10kg/ mus of urea, then
Furrow, the wide 1.5-2m of furrow, the high 10-15cm of furrow are after secondary shallow plowing, and in furrow face tiling 5-10cm Nutrition Soil, pours vola water；
(4) presoaking and germinating：Vernalization disk, vernalization disk length of side 50- are made from the good plastic material of nontoxic and hardness
60cm, depth 10cm, and prick 1 0.5cm every 5-10cm trying to get to the heart of a matter2Passage, by the evenly laid out thickness 3-4cm of Nutrition Soil in
In vernalization disk, then the seed of bitter gourd that 8h is soaked through clear water is laid on Nutrition Soil, spacing 2-3cm, then sprinkle thickness 2-3cm's
Nutrition Soil, is then put into 25-30 DEG C of temperature, in humidity 55-60% germinating cabinet, vernalization disk two ends, which are buckled, hangs over vernalization by vernalization disk
On support, while ensuring vernalization disk to try to get to the heart of a matter apart from ground level reaches more than 50cm；
(5) sow：Gently the thick soil layers of 2-3cm on vernalization disk are pushed aside after 3 days, with scuppit by the hardship in the state of sprouting
Melon seed takes out together with soil layer, and moves into furrow, and per the row of furrow 2, spacing in the rows 40-50cm reserves set in brickwork 1m line-spacings, then covered
Nutrition Soil thick 5cm, then it is capped arch membrane；
(6) field management：Noon raises arch membrane after coming up, whne seedling grow 10cm it is high when remove arch membrane, and mend
Water-filling point, control soil moisture content is in 65-70%, and the later stage imposes 2-3 inorganic fertilizer, and 10-15kg/ mus of phosphate fertilizer, potassium are imposed every time
It is fertile 5-10kg/ mus, topdress more than 1 month interval time；
(7) built is pruned：Bamboo pole built is utilized in the 1m line-spacings reserved, and the tendril that balsam pear is grown is taken into shelf
On, below main stem 50cm can not stay melon, and extract female flower, stay 5-6 piece leaves to pinch when main stem is occupied stably more than 5 melons, pluck simultaneously
Except its minor is climing and grandson is climing；
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Balsam pear disease mainly has anthracnose, extracts sick leaf during preventing and treating in time, and spray thiophanate or
Bravo liquid；Insect pest mainly has aphid, cabbage caterpillar, sprays decis or Rogor liquid；
(9) harvesting in time：Knot melon peak period plucks the balsam pear of primary mature daily, and scissors is used during harvesting, while rejecting miscellaneous
The miscellaneous melon of strain.
The mass ratio of the fertile auxiliary agent of the Nutrition Soil major ingredient, vinegar grain organic fertilizer, tea seed cake powder and water conservation control is 40-50:5-10:
1-2:0.5-1。
The fertile auxiliary agent of the water conservation control is mixed by the raw material of following parts by weight：Chitosan oligosaccharide/polyglutamic acid compound
3-5 parts, beta-schardinger dextrin/1-2 parts of polyethylene glycol oxide compound, 1-2 parts of sesbania gum, fresh bamboo powder 0.5-1 parts, ceramic 0.5-1
Part, 0.5-1 parts of sepiolite fibre powder, 0.05-0.1 parts of HPMA, 0.05-0.1 parts of nano aluminium oxide.
The addition of water conservation control fertilizer auxiliary agent can not only play excellent water retention, reduce water spray number of times；Fertilizer can also be played
Power delays the effect of controlled release, effectively extends fertilizer efficiency time while fertility normal supply is ensured, reduces the number of times that topdresses.
The chitosan oligosaccharide/polyglutamic acid compound be combined under composite assistant effect by chitosan oligosaccharide and polyglutamic acid and
Into its specific preparation method is：Chitosan oligosaccharide and N hydroxymethyl acrylamide, and the insulation mixing 10min that flows back are added into boiling water,
Polyglutamic acid and PDDA are added, continues the insulation mixing 15min that flows back, gained mixed liquor is transferred to
Sealing and standing 2h in 0-5 DEG C of environment, then heats to reflux state and is incubated mixing 10min again, finally send into spray dryer
In, dry gained particle and micro mist is made through micronizer, produce chitosan oligosaccharide/polyglutamic acid compound.
The boiling water, chitosan oligosaccharide, N hydroxymethyl acrylamide, polyglutamic acid and PDDA
Mass ratio is 30-50:3-5:0.1-0.3:2-3:0.05-0.1.
The beta-schardinger dextrin/polyethylene glycol oxide compound is multiple in the case where beta-schardinger dextrin and polyethylene glycol oxide are acted in composite assistant
Conjunction is formed, and its specific preparation method is：Polyethylene glycol oxide and rilanit special are added into beta-schardinger dextrin, and is warming up to 115-
120 DEG C of insulation grinding 15min, add PVPP and allyl glycidyl ether, continue in 115-120 DEG C of insulation grinding
15min, then adds 10-15 DEG C of cold water, sealing and standing 1h in 10-15 DEG C of environment is placed in after being sufficiently stirred for, and filters, gained filter residue
Send into freeze drier, dry gained solid and micro mist is made through micronizer, produce beta-schardinger dextrin/polyethylene glycol oxide and be combined
Thing.
The beta-schardinger dextrin, polyethylene glycol oxide, rilanit special, PVPP, allyl glycidyl ether and cold water
Mass ratio be 2-3:2-3:0.05-0.1:0.1-0.3:0.05-0.1:15-30.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
(1) Nutrition Soil major ingredient is prepared by loam and thin river sand, improves the gas permeability of made Nutrition Soil；And it is organic using vinegar grain
Fertilizer and tea seed cake powder supply fertility, it is to avoid worm's ovum, germ and the heavy metal pollution problem existed using common farm manure；
(2) Seed soaking and vernalization disk vernalization are used, seed of bitter gourd germination percentage is reached more than 99%；
(3) balsam pear is cultivated by methods described, the unearthed rate of balsam pear seedling is reached more than 98%, and use
Seedling percent after soil reaches more than 99%, and seedling-growing time is shortened to 8 days, yield lifting more than 25%；Fertilizer efficiency is long simultaneously, has
Effect reduces the number of times that topdresses during cultivation.
Embodiment：
In order that the technical means, the inventive features, the objects and the advantages of the present invention are easy to understand, tie below
Specific embodiment is closed, the present invention is expanded on further.
Embodiment 1
(1) variety selection：Select that growing way is good, branch ability strong, heat resistanceheat resistant, disease-resistant and high yield Varieties of Balsam Pear；
(2) prepared by Nutrition Soil：The thin river sand of loam and fineness 0.3-0.35mm is respectively placed in 60-70 DEG C of baking oven and dried
8h, then by dried loam and thin river sand with weight ratio 20:1 ratio is mixed to prepare 40kg Nutrition Soil major ingredients, then adds
The fertile auxiliary agent of 5kg vinegar grains organic fertilizer, 1kg tea seed cakes powder and the control of 0.5kg water conservations, is well mixed, and the regulation water content that adds water reaches 65-
70%, produce Nutrition Soil；
(3) site preparation does furrow：The selection first year did not planted the plot of balsam pear, ploughs deeply and suns the earth which has been ploughed up, and applied 10kg/ mus of urea, again
Furrow, the wide 2m of furrow, the high 10cm of furrow are after shallow plowing, and in furrow face tiling 10cm Nutrition Soil, pours vola water；
(4) presoaking and germinating：Vernalization disk is made from the good plastic material of nontoxic and hardness, vernalization disk length of side 60cm,
Deep 10cm, and prick 1 0.5cm every 5cm trying to get to the heart of a matter2Passage, by the evenly laid out thickness 4cm of Nutrition Soil in vernalization disk,
The seed of bitter gourd that 8h is soaked through clear water is laid on Nutrition Soil again, spacing 3cm, then sprinkles thickness 3cm Nutrition Soil, then will
Vernalization disk is put into 25-30 DEG C of temperature, in humidity 55-60% germinating cabinet, and vernalization disk two ends, which are buckled, to be hung on vernalization support, while really
Protect vernalization disk and try to get to the heart of a matter and reach more than 50cm apart from ground level；
(5) sow：Gently the thick soil layers of 2cm on vernalization disk are pushed aside after 3 days, with scuppit by the balsam pear in the state of sprouting
Seed takes out together with soil layer, and moves into furrow, per the row of furrow 2, and spacing in the rows 40cm reserves set in brickwork 1m line-spacings, then covers 5cm thickness
Nutrition Soil, then it is capped arch membrane；
(6) field management：Noon raises arch membrane after coming up, whne seedling grow 10cm it is high when remove arch membrane, and mend
Water-filling point, control soil moisture content is in 65-70%, and the later stage imposes 2 inorganic fertilizers, and 10kg/ mus of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer 5kg/ are imposed every time
Mu, topdresses more than 1 month interval time；
(7) built is pruned：Bamboo pole built is utilized in the 1m line-spacings reserved, and the tendril that balsam pear is grown is taken into shelf
On, below main stem 50cm can not stay melon, and extract female flower, stay 5-6 piece leaves to pinch when main stem is occupied stably more than 5 melons, pluck simultaneously
Except its minor is climing and grandson is climing；
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Balsam pear disease mainly has anthracnose, extracts sick leaf during preventing and treating in time, and spray thiophanate or
Bravo liquid；Insect pest mainly has aphid, cabbage caterpillar, sprays decis or Rogor liquid；
(9) harvesting in time：Knot melon peak period plucks the balsam pear of primary mature daily, and scissors is used during harvesting, while rejecting miscellaneous
The miscellaneous melon of strain.
The preparation of water conservation control fertilizer auxiliary agent：By 3g chitosan oligosaccharides/polyglutamic acid compound, 1g beta-schardinger dextrins/polyethylene glycol oxide
Compound, 1g sesbania gums, the fresh bamboo powders of 0.5g, 0.5g ceramics, 0.5g sepiolite fibres powder, 0.05g HPMAs
It is uniformly mixed with 0.05g nano aluminium oxides.
The preparation of chitosan oligosaccharide/polyglutamic acid compound：5g chitosan oligosaccharides and 0.1g N- methylols are added into 50g boiling water
Acrylamide, and the insulation mixing 10min that flows back, add 2g polyglutamic acids and 0.05g PDDAs,
Continue the insulation mixing 15min that flows back, gained mixed liquor is transferred to sealing and standing 2h in 0-5 DEG C of environment, then heats to reflux state
Insulation mixing 10min, finally sends into spray dryer again, dries gained particle and micro mist is made through micronizer, produce
Chitosan oligosaccharide/polyglutamic acid compound.
The preparation of beta-schardinger dextrin/polyethylene glycol oxide compound：2g polyethylene glycol oxides and 0.05g are added into 3g beta-schardinger dextrins
Rilanit special, and 115-120 DEG C of insulation grinding 15min is warming up to, add 0.1g PVPPs and the contracting of 0.05g pi-allyls
Water glycerin ether, continues, in 115-120 DEG C of insulation grinding 15min, then to add 30g 10-15 DEG C cold water, be placed in after being sufficiently stirred for
In sealing and standing 1h in 10-15 DEG C of environment, filtering, gained filter residue feeding freeze drier, gained solid is dried through ultramicro grinding
Micro mist is made in machine, produces beta-schardinger dextrin/polyethylene glycol oxide compound.
Embodiment 2
(1) variety selection：Select that growing way is good, branch ability strong, heat resistanceheat resistant, disease-resistant and high yield Varieties of Balsam Pear；
(2) prepared by Nutrition Soil：The thin river sand of loam and fineness 0.3-0.35mm is respectively placed in 60-70 DEG C of baking oven and dried
8h, then by dried loam and thin river sand with weight ratio 20:1 ratio is mixed to prepare 50kg Nutrition Soil major ingredients, then adds
The fertile auxiliary agent of 5kg vinegar grains organic fertilizer, 2kg tea seed cakes powder and the control of 0.5kg water conservations, is well mixed, and the regulation water content that adds water reaches 65-
70%, produce Nutrition Soil；
(3) site preparation does furrow：The selection first year did not planted the plot of balsam pear, ploughs deeply and suns the earth which has been ploughed up, and applied 10kg/ mus of urea, again
Furrow, the wide 2m of furrow, the high 10cm of furrow are after shallow plowing, and in furrow face tiling 10cm Nutrition Soil, pours vola water；
(4) presoaking and germinating：Vernalization disk is made from the good plastic material of nontoxic and hardness, vernalization disk length of side 60cm,
Deep 10cm, and prick 1 0.5cm every 5cm trying to get to the heart of a matter2Passage, by the evenly laid out thickness 4cm of Nutrition Soil in vernalization disk,
The seed of bitter gourd that 8h is soaked through clear water is laid on Nutrition Soil again, spacing 3cm, then sprinkles thickness 3cm Nutrition Soil, then will
Vernalization disk is put into 25-30 DEG C of temperature, in humidity 55-60% germinating cabinet, and vernalization disk two ends, which are buckled, to be hung on vernalization support, while really
Protect vernalization disk and try to get to the heart of a matter and reach more than 50cm apart from ground level；
(5) sow：Gently the thick soil layers of 2cm on vernalization disk are pushed aside after 3 days, with scuppit by the balsam pear in the state of sprouting
Seed takes out together with soil layer, and moves into furrow, per the row of furrow 2, and spacing in the rows 40cm reserves set in brickwork 1m line-spacings, then covers 5cm thickness
Nutrition Soil, then it is capped arch membrane；
(6) field management：Noon raises arch membrane after coming up, whne seedling grow 10cm it is high when remove arch membrane, and mend
Water-filling point, control soil moisture content is in 65-70%, and the later stage imposes 2 inorganic fertilizers, and 10kg/ mus of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer 5kg/ are imposed every time
Mu, topdresses more than 1 month interval time；
(7) built is pruned：Bamboo pole built is utilized in the 1m line-spacings reserved, and the tendril that balsam pear is grown is taken into shelf
On, below main stem 50cm can not stay melon, and extract female flower, stay 5-6 piece leaves to pinch when main stem is occupied stably more than 5 melons, pluck simultaneously
Except its minor is climing and grandson is climing；
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Balsam pear disease mainly has anthracnose, extracts sick leaf during preventing and treating in time, and spray thiophanate or
Bravo liquid；Insect pest mainly has aphid, cabbage caterpillar, sprays decis or Rogor liquid；
(9) harvesting in time：Knot melon peak period plucks the balsam pear of primary mature daily, and scissors is used during harvesting, while rejecting miscellaneous
The miscellaneous melon of strain.
The preparation of water conservation control fertilizer auxiliary agent：By 5g chitosan oligosaccharides/polyglutamic acid compound, 2g beta-schardinger dextrins/polyethylene glycol oxide
Compound, 1g sesbania gums, the fresh bamboo powders of 0.5g, 0.5g ceramics, 0.5g sepiolite fibres powder, 0.1g HPMAs and
0.05g nano aluminium oxides are uniformly mixed.
The preparation of chitosan oligosaccharide/polyglutamic acid compound：5g chitosan oligosaccharides and 0.1g N- methylols are added into 50g boiling water
Acrylamide, and the insulation mixing 10min that flows back, add 3g polyglutamic acids and 0.05g PDDAs,
Continue the insulation mixing 15min that flows back, gained mixed liquor is transferred to sealing and standing 2h in 0-5 DEG C of environment, then heats to reflux state
Insulation mixing 10min, finally sends into spray dryer again, dries gained particle and micro mist is made through micronizer, produce
Chitosan oligosaccharide/polyglutamic acid compound.
The preparation of beta-schardinger dextrin/polyethylene glycol oxide compound：3g polyethylene glycol oxides and 0.05g are added into 3g beta-schardinger dextrins
Rilanit special, and 115-120 DEG C of insulation grinding 15min is warming up to, add 0.3g PVPPs and the contracting of 0.05g pi-allyls
Water glycerin ether, continues, in 115-120 DEG C of insulation grinding 15min, then to add 30g 10-15 DEG C cold water, be placed in after being sufficiently stirred for
In sealing and standing 1h in 10-15 DEG C of environment, filtering, gained filter residue feeding freeze drier, gained solid is dried through ultramicro grinding
Micro mist is made in machine, produces beta-schardinger dextrin/polyethylene glycol oxide compound.
Reference examples 1
(1) variety selection：Select that growing way is good, branch ability strong, heat resistanceheat resistant, disease-resistant and high yield Varieties of Balsam Pear；
(2) prepared by Nutrition Soil：The thin river sand of loam and fineness 0.3-0.35mm is respectively placed in 60-70 DEG C of baking oven and dried
8h, then by dried loam and thin river sand with weight ratio 20:1 ratio is mixed to prepare 50kg Nutrition Soil major ingredients, then adds
The fertile auxiliary agent of 5kg vinegar grains organic fertilizer, 2kg tea seed cakes powder and the control of 0.5kg water conservations, is well mixed, and the regulation water content that adds water reaches 65-
70%, produce Nutrition Soil；
(3) site preparation does furrow：The selection first year did not planted the plot of balsam pear, ploughs deeply and suns the earth which has been ploughed up, and applied 10kg/ mus of urea, again
Furrow, the wide 2m of furrow, the high 10cm of furrow are after shallow plowing, and in furrow face tiling 10cm Nutrition Soil, pours vola water；
(4) presoaking and germinating：Vernalization disk is made from the good plastic material of nontoxic and hardness, vernalization disk length of side 60cm,
Deep 10cm, and prick 1 0.5cm every 5cm trying to get to the heart of a matter2Passage, by the evenly laid out thickness 4cm of Nutrition Soil in vernalization disk,
The seed of bitter gourd that 8h is soaked through clear water is laid on Nutrition Soil again, spacing 3cm, then sprinkles thickness 3cm Nutrition Soil, then will
Vernalization disk is put into 25-30 DEG C of temperature, in humidity 55-60% germinating cabinet, and vernalization disk two ends, which are buckled, to be hung on vernalization support, while really
Protect vernalization disk and try to get to the heart of a matter and reach more than 50cm apart from ground level；
(5) sow：Gently the thick soil layers of 2cm on vernalization disk are pushed aside after 3 days, with scuppit by the balsam pear in the state of sprouting
Seed takes out together with soil layer, and moves into furrow, per the row of furrow 2, and spacing in the rows 40cm reserves set in brickwork 1m line-spacings, then covers 5cm thickness
Nutrition Soil, then it is capped arch membrane；
(6) field management：Noon raises arch membrane after coming up, whne seedling grow 10cm it is high when remove arch membrane, and mend
Water-filling point, control soil moisture content is in 65-70%, and the later stage imposes 2 inorganic fertilizers, and 10kg/ mus of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer 5kg/ are imposed every time
Mu, topdresses more than 1 month interval time；
(7) built is pruned：Bamboo pole built is utilized in the 1m line-spacings reserved, and the tendril that balsam pear is grown is taken into shelf
On, below main stem 50cm can not stay melon, and extract female flower, stay 5-6 piece leaves to pinch when main stem is occupied stably more than 5 melons, pluck simultaneously
Except its minor is climing and grandson is climing；
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Balsam pear disease mainly has anthracnose, extracts sick leaf during preventing and treating in time, and spray thiophanate or
Bravo liquid；Insect pest mainly has aphid, cabbage caterpillar, sprays decis or Rogor liquid；
(9) harvesting in time：Knot melon peak period plucks the balsam pear of primary mature daily, and scissors is used during harvesting, while rejecting miscellaneous
The miscellaneous melon of strain.
The preparation of water conservation control fertilizer auxiliary agent：By 5g chitosan oligosaccharides/polyglutamic acid compound, 1g sesbania gums, the fresh bamboo powders of 0.5g,
0.5g ceramics, 0.5g sepiolite fibres powder, 0.1g HPMAs and 0.05g nano aluminium oxides uniformly mixing and
Into.
The preparation of chitosan oligosaccharide/polyglutamic acid compound：5g chitosan oligosaccharides and 0.1g N- methylols are added into 50g boiling water
Acrylamide, and the insulation mixing 10min that flows back, add 3g polyglutamic acids and 0.05g PDDAs,
Continue the insulation mixing 15min that flows back, gained mixed liquor is transferred to sealing and standing 2h in 0-5 DEG C of environment, then heats to reflux state
Insulation mixing 10min, finally sends into spray dryer again, dries gained particle and micro mist is made through micronizer, produce
Chitosan oligosaccharide/polyglutamic acid compound.
Reference examples 2
(1) variety selection：Select that growing way is good, branch ability strong, heat resistanceheat resistant, disease-resistant and high yield Varieties of Balsam Pear；
(2) prepared by Nutrition Soil：The thin river sand of loam and fineness 0.3-0.35mm is respectively placed in 60-70 DEG C of baking oven and dried
8h, then by dried loam and thin river sand with weight ratio 20:1 ratio is mixed to prepare 50kg Nutrition Soil major ingredients, then adds
The fertile auxiliary agent of 5kg vinegar grains organic fertilizer, 2kg tea seed cakes powder and the control of 0.5kg water conservations, is well mixed, and the regulation water content that adds water reaches 65-
70%, produce Nutrition Soil；
(3) site preparation does furrow：The selection first year did not planted the plot of balsam pear, ploughs deeply and suns the earth which has been ploughed up, and applied 10kg/ mus of urea, again
Furrow, the wide 2m of furrow, the high 10cm of furrow are after shallow plowing, and in furrow face tiling 10cm Nutrition Soil, pours vola water；
(4) presoaking and germinating：Vernalization disk is made from the good plastic material of nontoxic and hardness, vernalization disk length of side 60cm,
Deep 10cm, and prick 1 0.5cm every 5cm trying to get to the heart of a matter2Passage, by the evenly laid out thickness 4cm of Nutrition Soil in vernalization disk,
The seed of bitter gourd that 8h is soaked through clear water is laid on Nutrition Soil again, spacing 3cm, then sprinkles thickness 3cm Nutrition Soil, then will
Vernalization disk is put into 25-30 DEG C of temperature, in humidity 55-60% germinating cabinet, and vernalization disk two ends, which are buckled, to be hung on vernalization support, while really
Protect vernalization disk and try to get to the heart of a matter and reach more than 50cm apart from ground level；
(5) sow：Gently the thick soil layers of 2cm on vernalization disk are pushed aside after 3 days, with scuppit by the balsam pear in the state of sprouting
Seed takes out together with soil layer, and moves into furrow, per the row of furrow 2, and spacing in the rows 40cm reserves set in brickwork 1m line-spacings, then covers 5cm thickness
Nutrition Soil, then it is capped arch membrane；
(6) field management：Noon raises arch membrane after coming up, whne seedling grow 10cm it is high when remove arch membrane, and mend
Water-filling point, control soil moisture content is in 65-70%, and the later stage imposes 2 inorganic fertilizers, and 10kg/ mus of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer 5kg/ are imposed every time
Mu, topdresses more than 1 month interval time；
(7) built is pruned：Bamboo pole built is utilized in the 1m line-spacings reserved, and the tendril that balsam pear is grown is taken into shelf
On, below main stem 50cm can not stay melon, and extract female flower, stay 5-6 piece leaves to pinch when main stem is occupied stably more than 5 melons, pluck simultaneously
Except its minor is climing and grandson is climing；
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Balsam pear disease mainly has anthracnose, extracts sick leaf during preventing and treating in time, and spray thiophanate or
Bravo liquid；Insect pest mainly has aphid, cabbage caterpillar, sprays decis or Rogor liquid；
(9) harvesting in time：Knot melon peak period plucks the balsam pear of primary mature daily, and scissors is used during harvesting, while rejecting miscellaneous
The miscellaneous melon of strain.
The preparation of water conservation control fertilizer auxiliary agent：By 2g beta-schardinger dextrins/polyethylene glycol oxide compound, 1g sesbania gums, the fresh bamboo powders of 0.5g,
0.5g ceramics, 0.5g sepiolite fibres powder, 0.1g HPMAs and 0.05g nano aluminium oxides uniformly mixing and
Into.
The preparation of beta-schardinger dextrin/polyethylene glycol oxide compound：3g polyethylene glycol oxides and 0.05g are added into 3g beta-schardinger dextrins
Rilanit special, and 115-120 DEG C of insulation grinding 15min is warming up to, add 0.3g PVPPs and the contracting of 0.05g pi-allyls
Water glycerin ether, continues, in 115-120 DEG C of insulation grinding 15min, then to add 30g 10-15 DEG C cold water, be placed in after being sufficiently stirred for
In sealing and standing 1h in 10-15 DEG C of environment, filtering, gained filter residue feeding freeze drier, gained solid is dried through ultramicro grinding
Micro mist is made in machine, produces beta-schardinger dextrin/polyethylene glycol oxide compound.
Reference examples 3
(1) variety selection：Select that growing way is good, branch ability strong, heat resistanceheat resistant, disease-resistant and high yield Varieties of Balsam Pear；
(2) prepared by Nutrition Soil：The thin river sand of loam and fineness 0.3-0.35mm is respectively placed in 60-70 DEG C of baking oven and dried
8h, then by dried loam and thin river sand with weight ratio 20:1 ratio is mixed to prepare 50kg Nutrition Soil major ingredients, then adds
5kg vinegar grains organic fertilizer and 2kg tea seed cake powder, are well mixed, and the regulation water content that adds water reaches 65-70%, produces Nutrition Soil；
(3) site preparation does furrow：The selection first year did not planted the plot of balsam pear, ploughs deeply and suns the earth which has been ploughed up, and applied 10kg/ mus of urea, again
Furrow, the wide 2m of furrow, the high 10cm of furrow are after shallow plowing, and in furrow face tiling 10cm Nutrition Soil, pours vola water；
(4) presoaking and germinating：Vernalization disk is made from the good plastic material of nontoxic and hardness, vernalization disk length of side 60cm,
Deep 10cm, and prick 1 0.5cm every 5cm trying to get to the heart of a matter2Passage, by the evenly laid out thickness 4cm of Nutrition Soil in vernalization disk,
The seed of bitter gourd that 8h is soaked through clear water is laid on Nutrition Soil again, spacing 3cm, then sprinkles thickness 3cm Nutrition Soil, then will
Vernalization disk is put into 25-30 DEG C of temperature, in humidity 55-60% germinating cabinet, and vernalization disk two ends, which are buckled, to be hung on vernalization support, while really
Protect vernalization disk and try to get to the heart of a matter and reach more than 50cm apart from ground level；
(5) sow：Gently the thick soil layers of 2cm on vernalization disk are pushed aside after 3 days, with scuppit by the balsam pear in the state of sprouting
Seed takes out together with soil layer, and moves into furrow, per the row of furrow 2, and spacing in the rows 40cm reserves set in brickwork 1m line-spacings, then covers 5cm thickness
Nutrition Soil, then it is capped arch membrane；
(6) field management：Noon raises arch membrane after coming up, whne seedling grow 10cm it is high when remove arch membrane, and mend
Water-filling point, control soil moisture content is in 65-70%, and the later stage imposes 2 inorganic fertilizers, and 10kg/ mus of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer 5kg/ are imposed every time
Mu, topdresses more than 1 month interval time；
(7) built is pruned：Bamboo pole built is utilized in the 1m line-spacings reserved, and the tendril that balsam pear is grown is taken into shelf
On, below main stem 50cm can not stay melon, and extract female flower, stay 5-6 piece leaves to pinch when main stem is occupied stably more than 5 melons, pluck simultaneously
Except its minor is climing and grandson is climing；
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Balsam pear disease mainly has anthracnose, extracts sick leaf during preventing and treating in time, and spray thiophanate or
Bravo liquid；Insect pest mainly has aphid, cabbage caterpillar, sprays decis or Rogor liquid；
(9) harvesting in time：Knot melon peak period plucks the balsam pear of primary mature daily, and scissors is used during harvesting, while rejecting miscellaneous
The miscellaneous melon of strain.
Reference examples 4
(1) variety selection：Select that growing way is good, branch ability strong, heat resistanceheat resistant, disease-resistant and high yield Varieties of Balsam Pear；
(2) prepared by Nutrition Soil：The thin river sand of loam and fineness 0.3-0.35mm is respectively placed in 60-70 DEG C of baking oven and dried
8h, then by dried loam and thin river sand with weight ratio 20:1 ratio is mixed to prepare 50kg Nutrition Soil major ingredients, then adds
5kg vinegar grains organic fertilizer and 2kg tea seed cake powder, are well mixed, and the regulation water content that adds water reaches 65-70%, produces Nutrition Soil；
(3) site preparation does furrow：The selection first year did not planted the plot of balsam pear, ploughs deeply and suns the earth which has been ploughed up, and applied 10kg/ mus of urea, again
Furrow, the wide 2m of furrow, the high 10cm of furrow are after shallow plowing, and in furrow face tiling 10cm Nutrition Soil, pours vola water；
(4) presoaking and germinating：8h seed of bitter gourd gauze wrapped will be soaked through clear water, and be put into 25-30 DEG C of temperature, humidity
In 55-60% germinating cabinet；
(5) sow：Gently the thick soil layers of 2cm on vernalization disk are pushed aside after 3 days, with scuppit by the balsam pear in the state of sprouting
Seed takes out together with soil layer, and moves into furrow, per the row of furrow 2, and spacing in the rows 40cm reserves set in brickwork 1m line-spacings, then covers 5cm thickness
Nutrition Soil, then it is capped arch membrane；
(6) field management：Noon raises arch membrane after coming up, whne seedling grow 10cm it is high when remove arch membrane, and mend
Water-filling point, control soil moisture content is in 65-70%, and the later stage imposes 2 inorganic fertilizers, and 10kg/ mus of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer 5kg/ are imposed every time
Mu, topdresses more than 1 month interval time；
(7) built is pruned：Bamboo pole built is utilized in the 1m line-spacings reserved, and the tendril that balsam pear is grown is taken into shelf
On, below main stem 50cm can not stay melon, and extract female flower, stay 5-6 piece leaves to pinch when main stem is occupied stably more than 5 melons, pluck simultaneously
Except its minor is climing and grandson is climing；
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Balsam pear disease mainly has anthracnose, extracts sick leaf during preventing and treating in time, and spray thiophanate or
Bravo liquid；Insect pest mainly has aphid, cabbage caterpillar, sprays decis or Rogor liquid；
(9) harvesting in time：Knot melon peak period plucks the balsam pear of primary mature daily, and scissors is used during harvesting, while rejecting miscellaneous
The miscellaneous melon of strain.
Embodiment 3
Embodiment 1, embodiment 2, reference examples 1, reference examples 2, reference examples 3 and the methods described of reference examples 4 are utilized respectively to hardship
Melon is cultivated, and determines percentage of seedgermination, the rate that comes up, be unearthed rear seedling percent and seedling-growing time, and with reference examples 4
Quantity production of bitter melon on the basis of, calculate embodiment 1, embodiment 2, reference examples 1, reference examples 2, the quantity production of bitter melon of reference examples 3 is relative to reality
The rate of growth of example 4 is applied, as a result as shown in table 1.
The balsam pear of table 1 cultivates situation
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Reference examples 1 | Reference examples 2 | Reference examples 3 | Reference examples 4 | |
| Germination percentage/% | 99.6 | 99.5 | 98.8 | 96.4 | 93.2 | 89.3 |
| Be unearthed rate/% | 98.9 | 98.7 | 97.1 | 95.3 | 92.6 | 89.5 |
| Survival rate/% | 99.3 | 99.2 | 98.1 | 96.4 | 93.5 | 90.2 |
| Seedling-growing time/d | 8 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 14 | 16 |
| Rate of growth/% | 25.8 | 25.5 | 22.3 | 17.4 | 11.2 | / |
The general principle and principal character and advantages of the present invention of the present invention has been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the simply explanation described in above-described embodiment and specification is originally
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of high yield cultivating method of balsam pear, it is characterised in that including following key step：
(1) variety selection：Select that growing way is good, branch ability strong, heat resistanceheat resistant, disease-resistant and high yield Varieties of Balsam Pear；
(2) prepared by Nutrition Soil：The thin river sand of loam and fineness 0.25-0.35mm is respectively placed in 60-70 DEG C of baking oven and dries 8h,
Again by dried loam and thin river sand with weight ratio 20:1 ratio is mixed to prepare Nutrition Soil major ingredient, then adds vinegar grain organic
The fertile auxiliary agent of fertilizer, tea seed cake powder and water conservation control, is well mixed, and the regulation water content that adds water reaches 65-70%, produces Nutrition Soil；
(3) site preparation does furrow：The selection first year did not planted the plot of balsam pear, ploughs deeply and suns the earth which has been ploughed up, and applied 5-10kg/ mus of urea, shallow again
Furrow, the wide 1.5-2m of furrow, the high 10-15cm of furrow are after ploughing, and in furrow face tiling 5-10cm Nutrition Soil, pours vola water；
(4) presoaking and germinating：Vernalization disk, vernalization disk length of side 50-60cm, depth are made from the good plastic material of nontoxic and hardness
10cm, and prick 1 0.5cm every 5-10cm trying to get to the heart of a matter2Passage, by the evenly laid out thickness 3-4cm of Nutrition Soil in vernalization disk
In, then the seed of bitter gourd that 8h is soaked through clear water is laid on Nutrition Soil, spacing 2-3cm, then sprinkle thickness 2-3cm nutrition
Soil, is then put into 25-30 DEG C of temperature, in humidity 55-60% germinating cabinet, vernalization disk two ends, which are buckled, hangs over vernalization support by vernalization disk
On, while ensuring vernalization disk to try to get to the heart of a matter apart from ground level reaches more than 50cm；
(5) sow：Gently the thick soil layers of 2-3cm on vernalization disk are pushed aside after 3 days, with scuppit by the balsam pear kind in the state of sprouting
Son takes out together with soil layer, and moves into furrow, per the row of furrow 2, and spacing in the rows 40-50cm reserves set in brickwork 1m line-spacings, then covers 5cm thick
Nutrition Soil, then be capped arch membrane；
(6) field management：Noon raises arch membrane after coming up, whne seedling grow 10cm it is high when remove arch membrane, and supplement water
Point, control soil moisture content is in 65-70%, and the later stage imposes 2-3 inorganic fertilizer, and 10-15kg/ mus of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer 5- are imposed every time
10kg/ mus, topdress more than 1 month interval time；
(7) built is pruned：Bamboo pole built is utilized in the 1m line-spacings reserved, and the tendril that balsam pear is grown is taken on shelf, it is main
Climing below 50cm can not stay melon, and extract female flower, stay 5-6 piece leaves to pinch when main stem is occupied stably more than 5 melons, while extracing remaining
Sub climing and grandson is climing；
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Balsam pear disease mainly has anthracnose, extracts sick leaf during preventing and treating in time, and spray thiophanate or hundred bacterium
Clear liquid；Insect pest mainly has aphid, cabbage caterpillar, sprays decis or Rogor liquid；
(9) harvesting in time：Knot melon peak period plucks the balsam pear of primary mature daily, and scissors is used during harvesting, while it is miscellaneous to reject hybrid strain
Melon.
2. the high yield cultivating method of balsam pear according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The Nutrition Soil major ingredient, vinegar grain have
The mass ratio of the fertile auxiliary agent of machine fertilizer, tea seed cake powder and water conservation control is 40-50:5-10:1-2:0.5-1.
3. the high yield cultivating method of balsam pear according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The fertile auxiliary agent of the water conservation control is by as follows
The raw material of parts by weight is mixed：Chitosan oligosaccharide/3-5 parts of polyglutamic acid compound, beta-schardinger dextrin/polyethylene glycol oxide compound
1-2 parts, 1-2 parts of sesbania gum, fresh bamboo powder 0.5-1 parts, 0.5-1 parts of ceramic, 0.5-1 parts of sepiolite fibre powder, hydrolyze poly- horse
Come 0.05-0.1 parts of acid anhydrides, 0.05-0.1 parts of nano aluminium oxide.
4. the high yield cultivating method of balsam pear according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Chitosan oligosaccharide/the polyglutamic acid
Compound is composited by chitosan oligosaccharide and polyglutamic acid under composite assistant effect, and its specific preparation method is：Into boiling water
Chitosan oligosaccharide and N hydroxymethyl acrylamide, and the insulation mixing 10min that flows back are added, polyglutamic acid and poly dimethyl two is added
Allyl ammonium chloride, continues the insulation mixing 15min that flows back, and gained mixed liquor is transferred to sealing and standing 2h, Ran Housheng in 0-5 DEG C of environment
Temperature is incubated mixing 10min to reflux state again, finally sends into spray dryer, dries gained particle through ultramicro grinding mechanism
Into micro mist, chitosan oligosaccharide/polyglutamic acid compound is produced.
5. the high yield cultivating method of balsam pear according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The boiling water, chitosan oligosaccharide, N- hydroxyl first
The mass ratio of base acrylamide, polyglutamic acid and PDDA is 30-50:3-5:0.1-0.3:2-3:
0.05-0.1。
6. the high yield cultivating method of balsam pear according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Beta-schardinger dextrin/the polyoxyethylene
Alkene compound is composited in beta-schardinger dextrin and polyethylene glycol oxide under composite assistant effect, and its specific preparation method is：To β-
Polyethylene glycol oxide and rilanit special are added in cyclodextrin, and is warming up to 115-120 DEG C of insulation grinding 15min, crosslinking is added
PVP and allyl glycidyl ether, continue, in 115-120 DEG C of insulation grinding 15min, then to add 10-15 DEG C of cold water, fill
Sealing and standing 1h in 10-15 DEG C of environment is placed in after point stirring, filters, in gained filter residue feeding freeze drier, dries gained solid
Micro mist is made through micronizer in body, produces beta-schardinger dextrin/polyethylene glycol oxide compound.
7. the high yield cultivating method of balsam pear according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The beta-schardinger dextrin, polyoxyethylene
Alkene, rilanit special, PVPP, the mass ratio of allyl glycidyl ether and cold water are 2-3:2-3:0.05-0.1:
0.1-0.3:0.05-0.1:15-30。
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| CN107673887A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-02-09 | 东兴市红家宝电子商务有限公司 | The preparation technology of sweet potato microbial-bacterial fertilizer |
| CN107698350A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-02-16 | 东兴市红家宝电子商务有限公司 | The sweet potato special bacterial manure of efficient ecological |
| CN107721629A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-02-23 | 东兴市红家宝电子商务有限公司 | The preparation technology of sweet potato special efficient ecologic biological organic fertilizer |
| CN107759343A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-03-06 | 东兴市红家宝电子商务有限公司 | Bio-bacterial manure and its application in sweet potato is planted |
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