CN107205438A - 功能性饲料 - Google Patents
功能性饲料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107205438A CN107205438A CN201680007907.8A CN201680007907A CN107205438A CN 107205438 A CN107205438 A CN 107205438A CN 201680007907 A CN201680007907 A CN 201680007907A CN 107205438 A CN107205438 A CN 107205438A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cashew nut
- laying
- hen
- shell oil
- nut shell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Abstract
本发明提供一种蛋鸡、鹌鹑或肉用种鸡的产蛋率提高剂,其特征在于,含有未加热腰果壳油、加热处理腰果壳油、漆树酸、腰果酚、和/或腰果二酚。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及含有未加热腰果壳油、加热处理腰果壳油、漆树酸、腰果酚、和/或腰果二酚的蛋鸡、鹌鹑或肉用种鸡的产蛋率提高剂以及使用了该产蛋率提高剂的蛋鸡、鹌鹑或肉用种鸡用饲料及产蛋方法。
背景技术
蛋鸡(layer)以1天1次的采蛋为目标,营养管理、疾病管理自不必说,还加上昼长处理等,实现了生产率提高。但是,在其生理上,随着年龄增长可以观察到产蛋率降低和蛋质、特别是蛋壳强度的降低,无法避免生产率的降低。此前也有利用鸡的生理现象、通过强制换羽、诱导换羽之类的绝食·营养不足处理而意图改善产蛋率及蛋质的方法,然而由于限制营养,有时会看到损耗率(毙死率)的增加、免疫功能的降低、从营养不良恢复产蛋率极慢等问题。
在非专利文献1的“(5)诱导换羽的方法和产蛋率”中记载,即使使用与其他的换羽方法相比死亡率少的持续饲料给与的低营养饲料切换法,换羽后的产蛋鸡的产蛋率大于85%的农户为大约30%,90%以上的农户也只不过为大约10%而已。另外,在非专利文献1的“(6)诱导换羽的方法和死亡率”中记载,即使使用低营养饲料切换法,换羽后的蛋鸡的死亡率平均也为5.6%以上,死亡率大于3%的农户达到80%。
为了解决这些问题,除了营养管理的改善以外,还有向鸡给与抗氧化物质或生菌剂(乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌)、生物碱类(例如胡椒碱)、草药类(例如药椒、丁香)、单糖类之类的功能性材料的事例,然而在现场要求有进一步提高生产率的材料。
专利文献1(日本特开平8-231410号公报)中,记载有一种小型肉用鸡等食肉鸡的家禽类的球虫病缓解剂,其特征在于,作为有效成分,含有腰果壳油和/或漆树酸类。
专利文献2(日本特开2001-151675号公报)中,记载有一种小型肉用鸡等的肉用鸡的家禽类的球虫病的预防和/或治疗用的饲料,其特征在于,作为有效成分,与腰果油和/或漆树酸类一起地含有选自有机锌化合物、甜菜碱及芽孢杆菌属菌中的至少1种。
然而,还不知道通过施用腰果壳油可以改善蛋鸡、鹌鹑或肉用种鸡的产蛋率,此外,可以减少换羽时的蛋鸡的损耗率。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开平8-231410号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2001-151675号公报
非专利文献
非专利文献1:公益社团法人畜产技术协会主页、关于考虑了动物福利的家畜的饲养管理的研讨会、平成19年度第3次蛋鸡分科会、资料4、蛋鸡的饲养管理实况调查的结果(アニマルウェルフェアに対応した家畜の飼養管理に関する検討会、平成19年度第3回採卵鶏分科会、資料4、採卵鶏の飼養管理実態調査の結果)、互联网<URL:jlta.lin.gr.jp/report/animalwelfare/h19/hen/no3/m4_hen.pdf>
发明内容
发明所要解决的问题
本发明的目的在于蛋鸡、鹌鹑或肉用种鸡的产蛋率的提高、强制换羽或诱导换羽时的损耗率降低、以及换羽后的产蛋率的提高。即,本发明的目的在于蛋鸡、鹌鹑或肉用种鸡的生产率(产蛋)的提高。
用于解决问题的方法
本发明人等为了解决上述问题进行了深入研究,结果发现,如果使用未加热腰果壳油、加热处理腰果壳油、漆树酸、腰果酚、和/或腰果二酚,则对于蛋鸡的产蛋率的提高、强制换羽或诱导换羽时的损耗率降低、以及换羽后的产蛋率的提高有效。本发明人等如此所述地完成了本发明。
即,本发明如下所示。
(1)一种蛋鸡、鹌鹑或肉用种鸡的产蛋率提高剂,其特征在于,含有未加热腰果壳油、加热处理腰果壳油、漆树酸、腰果酚、和/或腰果二酚。
(2)根据(1)中记载的产蛋率提高剂,其中,产蛋期间中的每1周的损耗只数小于入雏只数的0.1%。
(3)根据(1)或(2)中记载的产蛋率提高剂,其中,蛋鸡被实施了强制换羽或诱导换羽。
(4)根据(3)中记载的产蛋率提高剂,其中,换羽处理中的损耗率为2%以下。
(5)根据(1)~(4)中任一项记载的产蛋率提高剂,其中,持续90天以上的产蛋率90%。
(6)一种饲料,其包含(1)~(5)中任一项记载的产蛋率提高剂。
(7)根据(1)~(6)中任一项记载的产蛋率提高剂,其通过蛋质的提高或维持来提高产蛋成绩。
(8)根据(7)中记载的饲料,在饲料中以0.0001~10质量%的浓度存在未加热腰果壳油、加热处理腰果壳油、漆树酸、腰果酚、和/或腰果二酚。
(9)一种提高产蛋率的方法,其特征在于,对蛋鸡、鹌鹑或肉用种鸡施用(7)或(8)中记载的饲料。
(10)根据(9)中记载的提高产蛋率的方法,其中,蛋鸡被实施了强制换羽或诱导换羽。
(11)一种产蛋方法,其特征在于,对蛋鸡、鹌鹑或肉用种鸡施用(7)或(8)中记载的饲料。
(12)未加热腰果壳油、加热处理腰果壳油、漆树酸、腰果酚、和/或腰果二酚,其用于提高蛋鸡、鹌鹑或肉用种鸡的产蛋率。
(13)未加热腰果壳油、加热处理腰果壳油、漆树酸、腰果酚、和/或腰果二酚的用途,用于制造蛋鸡、鹌鹑或肉用种鸡的产蛋率提高剂。
发明效果
通过使用本发明的蛋鸡、鹌鹑或肉用种鸡的产蛋率提高剂或含有该产蛋率提高剂的饲料,可以提高蛋鸡、鹌鹑或肉用种鸡的产蛋率及产蛋持续性。另外,通过使用本发明的蛋鸡的产蛋率提高剂或含有该产蛋率提高剂的饲料,可以降低蛋鸡的诱导换羽或强制换羽时的损耗率。
具体实施方式
本发明的产蛋率提高剂的特征在于,含有未加热腰果壳油、加热处理腰果壳油、漆树酸、腰果酚、和/或腰果二酚。
腰果壳油是腰果树(Anacardiumoccidentale L.)的果实的壳中所含的油状的液体。腰果壳油作为其成分包含漆树酸、腰果酚、腰果二酚。一般而言,漆树酸会因加热处理而转变为腰果酚。通过压榨腰果的壳而萃取的腰果壳油(非加热)如J.Agric.FoodChem.2001,49,2548-2551中记载所示,包含漆树酸55~80质量%、腰果酚5~20质量%、腰果二酚5~30质量%。对腰果壳油在70℃以上、优选在130℃以上进行加热处理而得到加热处理腰果壳油中,腰果壳油的主成分的漆树酸发生脱碳酸而转变为腰果酚,成为包含漆树酸0~10质量%、腰果酚55~80质量%、腰果二酚5~30质量%的物质。将腰果壳油在常温(20℃)保管约1年以上而得的腰果壳油中,有时腰果壳油的主成分的漆树酸发生脱碳酸而转变为腰果酚,该情况下,成为包含漆树酸0~40质量%、腰果酚30~80质量%、腰果二酚5~30质量%的物质。
腰果壳油可以作为通过压榨腰果的壳而萃取的植物油获得。另外,腰果壳油也可以通过萃取,例如对腰果壳进行溶剂萃取而得到。此外,腰果壳油可以利用专利文献1(日本特开平8-231410号公报)中记载的方法,例如利用溶剂萃取法得到。除此以外,腰果壳油也可以是对腰果的壳进行粉碎·破碎而得的含有腰果壳油的壳、或含有腰果壳油的腰果皮。所谓腰果的皮,是位于腰果的壳与胚(果仁)之间的薄薄的皮。另外,腰果壳油也可以使用市售品。本发明的加热处理腰果壳油可以通过将如上所述地得到的腰果壳油(非加热)加热到70℃以上、优选130℃以上而得到。另外,也可以是将腰果壳油在常温(20℃)保管约1年以上而得的腰果壳油。本发明的加热处理腰果壳油也可以是将加热了的腰果的壳粉碎·破碎而得的含有腰果壳油的壳、或含有腰果壳油的加热了的腰果皮。家禽(鸡等)因所喂食的抗生素、饲料而观察到消化率的降低、腹泻、食欲不振等副作用的症状,也有致死的情况,而本发明的未加热腰果壳油、加热处理腰果壳油没有副作用的问题。
本发明的产蛋率提高剂中的腰果壳油的含量优选为0.001质量%~100质量%,更优选为0.01质量%~90质量%,最优选为0.1质量%~80质量%。如果为0.001质量%以上,则可以用给定量的药剂起到产蛋率提高效果、产蛋持续性提高效果及损耗率降低效果等。本发明的饲料添加剂中的产蛋率提高剂的含量优选为0.01质量%~100质量%,更优选为0.05质量%~100质量%,最优选为0.1质量%~100质量%。本发明的饲料中的饲料添加剂的含量优选为0.005质量%~20质量%,更优选为0.01质量%~20质量%,进一步优选为0.05质量%~20质量%。
在使饲料中含有本发明的产蛋率提高剂而使用时,饲料中的腰果壳油的含量为0.0001质量%~10.0质量%,优选为0.0001质量%~5.0质量%,更优选为0.0001质量%~3.0质量%,进一步优选为0.0001质量%~2.0质量%,特别优选为0.0001质量%~0.1质量%,只要使之为0.0001质量%~0.05质量%或0.0001质量%~0.01质量%即可。如果为0.0001质量%以上,则可以用给定量的饲料起到产蛋率提高效果、产蛋持续性提高效果及损耗率降低效果等,如果为10.0质量%以下,则不会对饲料组成造成影响,因此优选。本发明中所使用的腰果壳油可以直接使用含有油分的腰果的壳,或使用将其粉碎·破碎而得的材料,也可以使用腰果皮,然而只要换算为所含有的腰果壳油(CNSL)(在腰果壳中包含25~30质量%的CNSL,在腰果皮中包含0.5~3.0质量%的CNSL),将产蛋率提高剂、饲料添加剂、饲料中的含量设为上述范围内即可。
本发明的产蛋率提高剂也可以取代腰果壳油,而含有漆树酸、腰果酚、或腰果二酚。
作为本发明中所使用的漆树酸,可以举出天然物漆树酸、合成漆树酸、它们的衍生物。另外,也可以使用市售的漆树酸。漆树酸如专利文献1(日本特开平8-231410号公报)中记载所示,可以通过将用有机溶剂萃取处理腰果的壳而得的腰果油例如使用硅胶柱色谱法改变正己烷、乙酸乙酯及乙酸的混合溶剂的比率而溶出(日本特开平3-240721号公报、日本特开平3-240716号公报等)来获得。此种漆树酸可以以与腰果壳油相同的含量包含于产蛋率提高剂、饲料添加剂、饲料中。
作为本发明中所使用的腰果酚,可以举出天然物腰果酚、合成腰果酚、它们的衍生物。另外,本发明中所使用的腰果酚可以通过对腰果壳油的主成分的漆树酸进行脱碳酸而得到。此种腰果酚可以以与腰果壳油相同的含量包含于产蛋率提高剂、饲料添加剂、饲料中。
作为本发明中所使用的腰果二酚,可以举出天然物腰果二酚、合成腰果二酚、它们的衍生物。另外,本发明中所使用的腰果二酚也可以通过从腰果壳油中纯化而得到。此种腰果二酚可以以与腰果壳油相同的含量包含于产蛋率提高剂、饲料添加剂、饲料中。
成为本发明的产蛋率提高剂的对象的动物可以举出采蛋用的鸡或鹌鹑、或伴随着肉用实用鸡的生产的肉用鸡的种鸡。此外也可以是它们的原种。
作为蛋鸡,不仅可以是以采蛋为目的的鸡种中的原种·种鸡,也可以是利用遗传改良制作出的实用鸡种、杂交种、改良种。例如可以举出White Leghorn种、ISA Brown种、Dekalb-Warren Sex-Sal-Link种、Harvard-Comet种、Shaver Star Cross 579种、BlackMinorca种、Barred Plymouth Rock种、White Plymouth Rock种、Rhode Island Red种、NewHampshire种、Araucana种、Silky Fowl种、Polish种、Nagoya-Cochin种、Hinai-Jidori种、Boris Brown种、Julia种、Julia-Lite种、Babcock B400种、Sonia种、Maria种、Laura种、Novogen White种、Novogen Brown种、Elbe种、Sakura种、Momiji种等,也可以是它们的杂交种或改良种。
作为肉用鸡,例如可以举出White Cornish种、White Plymouth Rock种、BarredPlymouth Rock种、Rhode Island Red种、New Hampshire种、UK(英国)Chunky种、US(美国)Chunky种、Cobb种、Avian种、Arbor Acres种、Hinai-Jidori种、Satsuma-Jidori种、Nagoya种等,只要是为了产生生产鸡而供采蛋使用,就不限定于该品种。
作为成为本发明的产蛋率提高剂的对象的鸡种,优选上述当中的Julia种、Julia-Lite种、Babcock B400种、Novogen White种、Novogen Brown种和Sonia种。
作为采蛋用的鹌鹑,例如可以举出White Quail、Red Quail、King Quail、California Quail、Stripe-faced Wood Quail、Spot-winged Wood Quail、Long-tailedWood Partridge、Mountain Quail、Northern Bobwhite、Grey Partridge、MontezumaQuail、Ocellated Quail、Scaled Quail、Common Quail、Yucatan Bobwhite、CrestedBobwhite、Gambel’s Quail、Elegant Quail、Long-tailed Wood Partridge、Marbled WoodQuail、Spotted Wood Quail。
成为本发明的产蛋率提高剂的对象的蛋鸡并不限定于任意的饲养方法,然而更优选实施强制换羽或诱导换羽的蛋鸡。另外,优选没有感染到球虫病的蛋鸡。给与未加热腰果壳油、加热处理腰果壳油、漆树酸、腰果酚、和/或腰果二酚的时期可以是孵化~36个月龄之间的任意时期。优选为就实用鸡而言公认为普遍性的孵化~18个月龄,在包含休产期间的情况下为孵化~21个月龄,只要是符合各养鸡户的饲养方式,则不限定于该月龄。另外,从初产(150~160日龄)起开始产蛋,从10个月龄左右起蛋质降低,由此有设置休产期间(强制换羽或诱导换羽)而实现蛋质及产蛋率的提高的方法,其开始时期以14~16个月龄为大致目标,优选在该时期施用本发明的产蛋率提高剂。即,本发明的产蛋率提高剂优选在产蛋高峰前后及换羽处理时施用。在利用低营养饲料切换法进行诱导换羽处理时,优选向低营养饲料中混合产蛋率提高剂后施用。低营养饲料以低能量·低蛋白质为特征,此外其目的在于,通过降低它们的喂食量、次数,而在促进换羽的同时,还维持生存率。
本发明的产蛋率提高剂优选在孵化~23个月龄之间向鹌鹑施用,然而只要是供采蛋使用,则不限定于该月龄。
通过将本发明的产蛋率提高剂向蛋鸡、鹌鹑或肉用种鸡施用,与没有施用未加热腰果壳油、加热处理腰果壳油、漆树酸、腰果酚、和/或腰果二酚的未施用对照组相比,例如生存率及产蛋率提高,累计饲料需求率得到改善,或者与换羽处理前相比的体重减少率优选达到被设为基准的-25~-35%。更优选为-25~-30%。越是接近-30%,越是可以在促进休产的同时,降低换羽处理中的损耗率(毙死率),优选换羽后持续90天以上的产蛋率90%,或者将换羽处理中的损耗率降低为2%以下。另外,通过将本发明的产蛋率提高剂向蛋鸡施用,产蛋率会提高,损耗率会降低,因此可以期待蛋质的改善(例如对由年龄增长造成的蛋的极度过大化和与之相伴的蛋壳强度的降低的抑制)、换羽处理后的休产期的缩短、以及饲料需求率的改善等。即,利用本发明的产蛋率提高剂,可以增加采蛋持续天数,有助于蛋鸡、鹌鹑或肉用种鸡的生产率的提高。
本发明中,所谓“产蛋率”,是指表示某个群的全体的鸡或鹌鹑当中实际产蛋的鸡或鹌鹑的比例的数值。作为简单的产蛋率的计算方法,例如如果100只鸡1天产蛋90个,则产蛋率为90%。另外,作为考虑了开始产蛋的周龄或期间、由废鸡造成的只数减少的产蛋率,有被称作“入舍母鸡产蛋率”、“母鸡只日(ヘンデー)产蛋率”的产蛋率。“入舍母鸡产蛋率”是表示鸡的产蛋率的数值,是指以出发时刻(20周龄时的)的只数计算鸡的20周龄~72周龄(产蛋期间365天)产出的蛋的个数而得的52周的产蛋率。“母鸡只日产蛋率”是表示鸡的产蛋率的数值,是指以残存的鸡的只数(减去废鸡部分的只数)计算鸡的20周龄~72周龄(产蛋期间365天)的蛋的个数而得的52周的产蛋率。
本发明中,所谓“蛋质的改善”,例如是指异常蛋率的降低、合适蛋重的维持、蛋壳强度的提高、以及哈夫单位(Hough unit)的提高。所谓异常蛋,是指双黄蛋、破蛋、软蛋、以及血斑蛋。合适的蛋重随鸡种而不同,在Julia Light种的情况下一般为40~76g(SS~LL)。蛋壳强度与蛋壳厚度及破蛋的程度有关。蛋壳强度的一般值随鸡种而不同,在Julia Light种的情况下,平均为3.00~4.30kg/cm2左右。“哈夫单位”(表示鸡蛋的新鲜程度的指标之一)在Julia Light种的情况下,通常为80~100左右。
本发明中,所谓“饲料需求率”如下所示,可以利用获得每个单位的生产重量所需的饲料的摄取量求出。
饲料需求率=饲料摄取量(g)/生产重量(g)
本发明中,所谓“采蛋持续”,是指为了使采蛋的效率最大化而确保鸡的高峰产蛋、在高位持续其后的产蛋率。根据鸡种及饲养方式,“采蛋持续”的目标天数不同,然而在Julia Light种中以何种程度持续产蛋率90%以上的天数成为经济性的指标。本发明中,所谓“采蛋持续”是指持续60天以上、优选90天以上的例如产蛋率85%、优选90%以上的天数。
本发明的产蛋率提高剂的剂型没有特别限制,例如可以设为粉剂、颗粒、粒剂、液体、固体、片剂、胶囊剂、乳剂等任意的形态。本发明的产蛋率提高剂可以通过将未加热腰果壳油、加热处理腰果壳油、漆树酸、腰果酚、和/或腰果二酚、以及根据需要使用的任意成分混合、并进行制剂化而制造。而且,根据剂型的形态,可以将含有腰果壳油的腰果壳、腰果壳的粉碎·破碎物、腰果皮直接与其他的任意成分混合,作为本发明的产蛋率提高剂。此外,也可以不与其他的任意成分混合,而将腰果壳本身、腰果壳的粉碎·破碎物本身、或腰果皮本身作为饲料添加剂,进而作为饲料。
本发明的产蛋率提高剂也可以设为包含二氧化硅、例如平均粒径为150μm以上的二氧化硅的粉剂,在二氧化硅上吸附、含有未加热腰果壳油、加热处理腰果壳油、漆树酸、腰果酚、和/或腰果二酚。此种二氧化硅制剂例如记载于国际公开WO2009/151048号小册子中。
在本发明的产蛋率提高剂中,也可以适当地混合未加热腰果壳油、加热处理腰果壳油、漆树酸、腰果酚、和/或腰果二酚、和碳酸钙、硅藻土、膨润土、蒙脱石、沸石、珠光体、酸性白土、活性白土、硅酸而作为饲料添加剂。此种吸油剂例如记载于WO2011/013592号小册子中。
本发明的产蛋率提高剂可以与家禽用食物、家禽用补充剂(以下称作饲料。)中所用的其他的饲料成分混合而作为饲料。饲料的种类、腰果壳油以外的成分没有特别限制。饲料为鸡及鹌鹑等的家禽用饲料。
本发明的饲料可以通过将饲料添加剂直接添加到饲料成分中并混合而制造。此时,在使用粉末状、固体状的饲料添加剂的情况下,为了使混合容易,也可以将饲料添加剂制成液状或凝胶状的形态。该情况下,可以将水、大豆油、菜籽油、玉米油等植物油、液体动物油、聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酸等水溶性高分子化合物作为液体载体使用。另外,为了确保饲料中的腰果壳油的均匀性,也优选配合海藻酸、海藻酸钠、黄原胶、酪蛋白钠、阿拉伯胶、瓜尔豆胶、罗望子多糖类等水溶性多糖类。
本发明的饲料也可以包含糖类(乳糖、海藻糖等)、玉米、高粱、麦糠、米糠、脱脂米糠、干麸、大麦片、玉米片、豆粕、玉米粉、米粉、大豆粉等。作为它们在饲料中的浓度,优选为1~90质量%,更优选为5~75质量%,进一步优选为10~50质量%。
另外,本发明的饲料也可以还包含对于促进蛋鸡、鹌鹑或肉用种鸡的成长有效的成分、营养辅助成分、提高保存稳定性的成分等任意成分。作为此种任意成分,例如可以举出肠球菌类、芽孢杆菌类、双歧杆菌类等生菌剂;淀粉酶、脂肪酶等酶;L-抗坏血酸、氯化胆碱、肌醇、叶酸等维生素;氯化钾、柠檬酸铁、氧化镁、磷酸盐类等矿物质;DL-丙氨酸、DL-蛋氨酸、L-赖氨酸盐酸盐等氨基酸;富马酸、丁酸、乳酸、乙酸及它们的盐类等有机酸;乙氧基喹啉、二丁基羟基甲苯等抗氧化剂;丙酸钙等防霉剂;羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、酪蛋白钠、聚丙烯酸钠等粘结剂;甘油脂肪酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯等乳化剂;虾青素、斑蝥黄等色素;各种酯、醚、酮类等香料。
本发明的饲料适合于蛋鸡、鹌鹑或肉用种鸡的饲养。使之摄取的饲料的量可以根据鸡或鹌鹑的种类、体重、年龄、性别、健康状态、饲料的成分等适当地调节,此时饲料中所含的未加热腰果壳油、加热处理腰果壳油、漆树酸、腰果酚、和/或腰果二酚优选为0.001~100g/只·天,更优选为0.001~50g/只·天,进一步优选为0.001~10g/只·天。摄取饲料的方法及饲养的方法可以根据鸡或鹌鹑的种类,采用通常所用的方法。以下,对本发明的实施例进行说明,然而本发明并不限定于该实施例。
[实施例]
制造例1
从Thao Nguyen Co.,Ltd.购入腰果壳油(CNSL)。CNSL的组成利用以下的方法测定。即,使用了HPLC(Waters600、日本Waters株式会社)、检测器(Waters490E、日本Waters株式会社)、打印机(Chromatopak C-R6A、岛津制作所)、色谱柱(SUPELCOSIL LC18、SUPELCO公司)。使用乙腈:水:乙酸为80:20:1(容量比)的溶剂,流速设为2ml/分钟。检测出280nm的吸光度。在腰果壳油中,含有漆树酸65.7质量%、腰果酚5.1质量%、腰果二酚23.5质量%。
实施例1
在实施诱导换羽的65~67周龄的30天间,将CNSL以最终浓度100ppm混合施用到以低能量·低蛋白质为特征的诱导换羽用饲料中,其结果是,在Julia Light种(约2万只/区、白玉)中,与对照区相比,可以看到换羽时的损耗率的大幅降低(减少45%)、换羽后产蛋持续天数的提高(133天→147天;增加11%)。将结果表示于表1~3中。
[表1]
[表2]
[表3]
从表1及2清楚地看到,换羽处理中的损耗率为1.56%,与对照区的2.85%相比改善了约45%。另外,从表3清楚地看到,换羽后的90%产蛋率在换羽后持续了147天,因此与对照区的133天相比提高了约11%。
实施例2
在从成鸡导入后到产蛋高峰的26~29周龄中的30天间(实施例),将CNSL以最终浓度100ppm混合到成鸡用饲料中,向成鸡给与。鸡种为Julia种(8.1万只/区、白玉),对照区考虑到由周龄造成的产蛋率的偏差,采用了CNSL给与后3周(30~32周龄)(比较例)的成鸡。其结果是,在CNSL给与期中,与对照期相比,可以看到母鸡只日产蛋率的改善(期间平均87.0→91.1%:改善5%)、入舍母鸡产蛋率(86.5%→90.8%:改善5%)及每一天的损耗只数的减少(平均17只→6只:减少65%)。蛋重在两个期间都与商业指标大致同等地推移。将结果表示于表4及5中。饲料设计及光线管理等依照实施农场的通常步骤实施。
[表4]
[表5]
从表4清楚地看到,由于CNSL的给与,可以观察到母鸡只日产蛋率的改善和损耗只数的降低。迎来产蛋高峰的该阶段是蛋鸡显示出最高的生产率的时期,在维持该时期的生存率的同时提高产蛋率是大幅度提高该鸡群的生产率的结果。此外,如表5所示,尽管因CNSL的给与而提高了产蛋率,其平均蛋重与Julia种的商业指标大致同等,没有发生伴随着产蛋率提高的蛋质的降低。虽然没有提示数值,然而破蛋等异常蛋的发生率也与通常一样。即,显示出CNSL的给与从产蛋率的提高、损耗只数的减少、以及蛋质提高的3个方面提高蛋鸡的成绩。
实施例3
对3月开始喂养的成鸡群,在从成鸡导入后到产蛋高峰的17~26周龄中的67天期间,将CNSL以最终浓度50ppm混合到成鸡用饲料中,向成鸡给与。鸡种为Babcock B400种(5万只/区、白玉)。对照区设为相同农场中在前一年及再前一年3月开始喂养的成鸡群2区(10万只:喂食不含CNSL的饲料)的平均。其结果是,在CNSL给与区中,与对照区相比,可以看到50%产蛋到达天数(150天→143天:减少5%)的缩短、母鸡只日产蛋率的改善(期间平均41.6%→50.2%:改善21%)、以及入舍母鸡产蛋个数的增加(29.3个→35.4个:增加21%)。对于生存率,在26周龄以前在给与区中有低的趋势,而其后在28周龄以前大致同等。将结果表示于表6中。饲料设计及光线管理等依照实施农场的通常步骤实施。
[表6]
如表6所示,由于CNSL的50ppm添加,可以观察到鸡群的50%产蛋到达天数的缩短、母鸡只日产蛋率的改善,其结果是,可以获得入舍母鸡产蛋个数的增加。在成鸡导入后,更为顺畅地过渡到产蛋、并且提高其产蛋率在提高蛋鸡及每1个鸡舍的生产率方面非常重要,显示出CNSL在产业上的高有效性。
制造例2
将制造例1中得到的CNSL在100℃加热而得到加热CNSL。同样地测定出组成,其结果是,不含有漆树酸,而含有腰果酚72.9质量%、腰果二酚19.7质量%。
实施例4
在成鸡导入后18~21周龄的28天期间,将与制造例2相同地制成的加热CNSL以最终浓度50ppm混合到成鸡用饲料中,向成鸡给与。鸡种为Babcock B400种(5万只/区、白玉)。对照区设为相同时期的其他鸡舍的成鸡(喂食不含CNSL的饲料)。其结果是,与对照区相比,在加热CNSL给与区中,也可以看到入舍母鸡产蛋个数的改善(4.2个→4.7个;增加12%)、以及母鸡只日产蛋率的改善(21周龄时刻42.7%→45.6%:改善7%)。对于生存率而言大致同等。将结果表示于表7中。饲料设计及光线管理等依照实施农场的通常步骤实施。
[表7]
从表7也可以清楚地看到,利用加热CNSL制剂也可以观察到产蛋率的改善和与之相伴的入舍母鸡产蛋个数的增加。特别是每一天的产蛋个数,给与区的升高良好。
产业上的可利用性
本发明的产蛋率提高剂及包含该产蛋率提高剂的饲料在采蛋用家禽的领域中有用。
Claims (13)
1.一种蛋鸡、鹌鹑或肉用种鸡的产蛋率提高剂,其特征在于,
含有未加热腰果壳油、加热处理腰果壳油、漆树酸、腰果酚和/或腰果二酚。
2.根据权利要求1所述的产蛋率提高剂,其中,
产蛋期间中的每1周的损耗只数小于入雏只数的0.1%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的产蛋率提高剂,其中,
蛋鸡被实施了强制换羽或诱导换羽。
4.根据权利要求3所述的产蛋率提高剂,其中,
换羽处理中的损耗率为2%以下。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的产蛋率提高剂,其中,
产蛋率90%持续90天以上。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的产蛋率提高剂,其中,
通过蛋质的提高或维持来提高产蛋成绩。
7.一种饲料,其包含权利要求1~6中任一项所述的产蛋率提高剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的饲料,其中,
在饲料中以0.0001~10质量%的浓度存在未加热腰果壳油、加热处理腰果壳油、漆树酸、腰果酚和/或腰果二酚。
9.一种提高产蛋率的方法,其特征在于,
对蛋鸡、鹌鹑或肉用种鸡施用权利要求7或8所述的饲料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的提高产蛋率的方法,其中,
蛋鸡被实施了强制换羽或诱导换羽。
11.一种产蛋方法,其特征在于,
对蛋鸡、鹌鹑或肉用种鸡施用权利要求7或8所述的饲料。
12.未加热腰果壳油、加热处理腰果壳油、漆树酸、腰果酚和/或腰果二酚,其用于提高蛋鸡、鹌鹑或肉用种鸡的产蛋率。
13.未加热腰果壳油、加热处理腰果壳油、漆树酸、腰果酚和/或腰果二酚的用途,用于蛋鸡、鹌鹑或肉用种鸡的产蛋率提高剂的制造。
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