CN102458381A - 球虫病防治剂及含有该球虫病防治剂的饲料 - Google Patents
球虫病防治剂及含有该球虫病防治剂的饲料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102458381A CN102458381A CN2010800253541A CN201080025354A CN102458381A CN 102458381 A CN102458381 A CN 102458381A CN 2010800253541 A CN2010800253541 A CN 2010800253541A CN 201080025354 A CN201080025354 A CN 201080025354A CN 102458381 A CN102458381 A CN 102458381A
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Abstract
本发明以提供一种安全性好，没有副作用等问题，而且不会因产生耐药性而导致效果减退，对球虫病显示较高预防和治疗效果的球虫病防治剂、含有该球虫病防治剂的动物饲料、以及使用该球虫病防治剂和饲料的动物饲养方法为课题。为解决上述课题，提供一种以含有加热的腰果壳油和/或腰果酚为特征的动物球虫病防治剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及含有加热的腰果壳油(カシユ一ナツツ殼油)和/或腰果酚(カルダノ一ル)的动物用球虫病防治剂、饲料添加剂、饲料、以及使用这些的动物饲养方法。
背景技术
动物的球虫病，是原生动物寄生虫性感染，经口摄取卵囊(子孢子的集合的胶囊)引起感染。出现肠道病变、腹泻、食欲不振、食欲消失、体重减轻等症状，也有导致死亡的病例。此外，感染球虫病会导致肠道内微生物菌群破坏，进而，由于和病原性细菌混合感染，尤其会加重腹泻。由此引起的体力消耗、免疫力低下，容易导致坏死性肠炎(肠道内层的细菌性感染，带来消化道各区域的肠道内层的坏死)。
已知反刍动物的球虫病是由牛艾美耳球虫(Eimeria bovis)、邱氏艾美耳球虫(E.zuernii)、奥博艾美耳球虫(E.auburnensis)、椭圆艾美耳虫(E.ellipsoidalis)、阿氏艾美耳球虫(E.arloigni)、绵羊艾美耳球虫(E.ovina)等引起的。
另一方面，已知鸡的球虫病是由柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)、堆型艾美耳球虫(E.acervulina)、毒害艾美耳球虫(E.necatrix)、布氏艾美耳球虫(E.brunetti)、巨型艾美耳球虫(E.maxima)、变位艾美耳球虫(E.mivati)、和缓艾美耳球虫(E.mitis)、早熟艾美耳球虫(E.praecox)、哈氏艾美耳球虫(E.hagani)等引起的，火鸡是由火鸡和缓艾美耳球虫(E.meleagrimitis)、腺艾美耳球虫(E.adenoides)、火鸡孔雀爱美耳球虫(E. gallopovonis)等引起的。
由上述记载可知，反刍动物、鸡和火鸡身上寄生的艾美虫属原虫的种类不同，艾美虫属原虫的宿主特异性非常显著。
过去，预防和治疗动物的球虫病时，主要使用抗生素(盐霉素等聚醚类抗生素)、合成抗菌剂(磺胺类药物等)制成的化学治疗剂以及疫苗等生物学制剂。但是，抗生素和化学治疗剂有出现副作用、对药剂产生耐药性造成效果减退等问题。另外，疫苗只能预防，不能用于治疗。而且，人类食用投与了这些药剂的动物的肉或蛋的时候，动物体内残留的药剂会转移到人体内，必须严格限制药剂的使用量和给药时间。
因此，寻找没有上述抗生素、合成抗菌剂、疫苗等的问题，安全性高且抗球虫病效果好的球虫病预防或缓解剂，提出了一系列以腰果壳油和/或其主要成分漆树酸(アナカルド酸)类为有效成分的球虫病缓解剂(专利文献1-3)。但是，其效果并不理想，希望能够进一步提高效果。
[现有技术]
[专利文献]
[专利文献1]日本专利特开2003-238400号公报
[专利文献2]日本专利特开2001-151675号公报
[专利文献3]日本专利特开平8-231410号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本发明的目的在于提供安全性好、没有副作用等问题，而且不会因产生耐药性而导致效果减退，对球虫病显示较高预防和治疗效果的球虫病防治剂、含有该球虫病防治剂的动物饲料、以及使用该球虫病防治剂和饲料的动物饲养方法。
解决问题的手段
本发明的发明者们，为解决上述问题潜心研究，结果发现了如果使用加热的腰果壳油和/或腰果酚，与非加热的腰果壳油相比，对动物球虫病的预防和治疗更有效。
本发明的发明者们如此完成了本发明。
即，本发明如下所述。
(1)一种动物球虫病防治剂，其特征在于，含有加热的腰果壳油和/或腰果酚。
(2)一种饲料添加剂，其特征在于，含有(1)中记载的球虫病防治剂。
(3)一种饲料，其特征在于，含有(1)中记载的球虫病防治剂或(2)中记载的饲料添加剂。
(4)一种动物饲养方法，其特征在于，使动物摄取(3)中记载的饲料。
(5)加热的腰果壳油和/或腰果酚的用途，用于制造动物球虫病防治剂。
(6)一种动物球虫病的防治方法，包括将加热的腰果壳油和/或腰果酚投药给需要防治球虫病的动物。
(7)用于防治动物球虫病的加热的腰果壳油和/或腰果酚。
发明效果
本发明的球虫病防治剂、含有该球虫病防治剂的饲料添加剂、饲料，可以减轻动物的球虫病。此外，本发明的球虫病防治剂、含有该球虫病防治剂的饲料添加剂、饲料，可望改善动物的增重和生长。
具体实施方式
本发明的动物球虫病防治剂的特征是含有加热的腰果壳油和/或腰果酚。
腰果壳油是腰果树(Anacardium occidentale L.)的果实的壳里含有的油状液体。腰果壳油含有漆树酸、腰果酚、腰果二酚(カルド一ル)成分。一般来说，漆树酸经加热处理会转变为腰果酚。
通过压榨腰果壳提取的非加热的腰果壳油，如J.Agric.Food Chem.2001，49，2548-2551中的记载，含有55～58质量％的漆树酸，5～20质量％的腰果酚，5～30质量％的腰果二酚。
非加热的腰果壳油经130℃以上加热处理的加热的腰果壳油中，作为非加热的腰果壳油的主成分的漆树酸经脱羧反应转变为腰果酚，变成含有0～10质量％的漆树酸，55～80质量％的腰果酚，5～30质量％的腰果二酚。
腰果壳油可以作为压榨腰果壳提取的植物油来获得。此外，腰果壳油也可以通过萃取，例如用溶剂萃取腰果壳而获得。进而，腰果壳油可以按照日本专利特开平8-231410号公报中记载的方法，例如溶剂萃取法获得。
除此之外，腰果壳油也可以通过粉碎和/或破碎腰果壳获得。此外，腰果壳油也可以使用市售商品。
本发明的加热的腰果壳油，可以通过将按照上述方法得到的非加热的腰果壳油在70℃以上，优选为130℃以上加热而获得。
本发明的加热的腰果壳油，优选从腰果壳中压榨提取(非加热的腰果壳油)，再将其在130℃加热处理而获得。
本发明的加热的腰果壳油，例如可以通过干馏腰果壳而获得。此外，加热的腰果壳油也可以按照日本专利特开平8-231410号公报中记载的方法获得。详细来说，向加热至200～240℃的加热的腰果壳油中投入腰果壳，提取得到加热的腰果壳油。此外，加热的腰果壳油还可以使用加热好的市售商品。
本发明的球虫病防治剂中的加热的腰果壳油的含量，优选为10质量％～100质量％，更优选为15质量％～100质量％，进一步优选为20质量％～100质量％。若含10质量％以上，则规定量的防治剂就可以达到抗球虫病的效果。
本发明的饲料添加剂中球虫病防治剂的含量，优选为10质量％～100质量％，更优选为15质量％～100质量％，进一步优选为20质量％～100质量％。若含10质量％以上，则规定量的饲料添加剂就可以达到抗球虫病的效果。
本发明的饲料中的饲料添加剂的含量，优选为0.01质量％～20质量％，更优选为0.05质量％～20质量％，进一步优选为0.1质量％～20质量％。若含0.01质量％以上，则规定量的防治剂就可以达到抗球虫病的效果。
将本发明的球虫病防治剂混入饲料中使用时，饲料中加热的腰果壳油的含量，优选为0.02质量％～4.0质量％，更优选为0.04质量％～2.0质量％，进一步优选为0.06质量％～1.0质量％。若含0.02质量％以上，则规定量的饲料就可以达到抗球虫病的效果。若含4.0质量％以下，则不给饲料组成带来影响，是优选的。
本发明使用的加热的腰果壳油，可以使用未经处理的含有油份的腰果壳，或经粉碎和/或破碎，且在粉碎和/或破碎前或后施以加热处理的腰果壳，只要换算为含有的腰果壳油(CNSL)(腰果壳中含有25～30质量％的CNSL)，在球虫病防治剂、饲料添加剂、饲料中的含量在上述范围内即可。
本发明中使用的腰果酚，可以是天然腰果酚、合成腰果酚、它们的衍生物。此外，本发明中使用的腰果酚，可以是腰果壳油中的主成分漆树酸经脱羧反应得到的。
又及，本发明的加热的腰果壳油中的漆树酸和腰果酚的质量比，优选为0∶100～20∶80。
作为本发明的球虫病防治剂的对象的动物，优选为牛、猪、鸡等家畜或宠物，但不限定与此。应指出的是，本发明中的防治包含预防和治疗。
作为本发明的球虫病防治剂的对象的鸡的球虫病的致病菌，例如有柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)、堆型艾美耳球虫(E.acervulina)、毒害艾美耳球虫(E.necatrix)、布氏艾美耳球虫(E.brunetti)、巨型艾美耳球虫(E.maxima)、变位艾美耳球虫(E.mivati)、和缓艾美耳球虫(E.mitis)、早熟艾美耳球虫(E.praecox)、哈氏艾美耳球虫(E.hagani)等，引起火鸡的球虫病的菌例如有火鸡和缓艾美耳球虫(E.meleagrimitis)、腺艾美耳球虫(E.adenoides)、火鸡孔雀爱美耳球虫(E. gallopovonis)等。
引起牛的球虫病的菌举例有牛艾美耳球虫(Eimeria bovis)、邱氏艾美耳球虫(E.zuernii)、奥博艾美耳球虫(E.auburnensis)、椭圆艾美耳虫(E.ellipsoidalis)、阿氏艾美耳球虫(E.arloigni)、绵羊艾美耳球虫(E.ovina)等。
本发明的球虫病防治剂的剂型没有特别的限制，例如可以是粉末、液体、固体、片剂、胶囊、乳剂等任意形态。本发明的球虫病防治剂，可以通过混合加热的腰果壳油和/或腰果酚以及根据需要加入的任意成分，并制剂化来制造。又及，根据剂型的形态，也可以将加热过的腰果壳的粉碎和/或破碎物，或除了加热处理以外没有经过任何处理的腰果壳与其他任意成分混合，作为本发明的球虫病防治剂。进而，也可以不与其他任意成分混合，将加热过的粉碎和/或破碎物本身或腰果壳本身，作为饲料添加剂，甚至作为饲料。
本发明的球虫病防治剂中，加热的腰果壳油和/或腰果酚可以和硅藻土、膨润土、蒙脱石、沸石、珍珠岩、酸性粘土、活性粘土、硅酸适当混合，作为饲料添加剂。
本发明的饲料添加剂，可以与宠物食品、宠物用补养食品(以下称为饲料)中使用的其他饲料成分混合，作为饲料。饲料的种类、腰果壳油以外的成分没有特别限制。饲料优选为家畜或宠物用。
本发明的饲料，可以将未经处理的饲料添加剂添加入饲料成分，混合制造而成。此时，如果使用粉末状、固体状的饲料添加剂，为了容易混合也可以将饲料添加剂做成液态或凝胶状。这时，可以将水、大豆油、菜籽油、玉米油等植物油、液态动物油、聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酸等水溶性高分子化合物作为液体载体。此外，为了保持饲料中腰果壳油的均一性，优选混合藻酸、藻酸钠、黄原胶、酪蛋白钠、阿拉伯胶、瓜尔豆胶、罗望子多糖类等水溶性多糖类。
本发明的饲料，还可以含有糖类(乳糖，海藻糖等)、玉米、高粱、麦麸、米糠、脱脂米糠、干麸、大麦片、玉米片、豆粕、玉米粉、米粉、大豆粉等。它们在饲料中的浓度，优选为1～90质量％，更优选为5～75质量％，进一步优选为10～50质量％。
此外，本发明的饲料还可以进一步含有促进家畜或宠物成长的有效成分、营养补充成分提高保存稳定性的成分等任意成分。这样的任意成分，例如可以是肠球菌类、芽孢杆菌类、双歧杆菌类、乳酸杆菌类等生菌剂；淀粉酶、脂肪酶等酶；氯化胆碱、肌醇、叶酸等维生素；氯化钾、柠檬酸铁、磷酸盐类等矿物质；DL-丙氨酸、DL-蛋氨酸、L-赖氨酸盐酸盐等氨基酸；富马酸、丁酸、乳酸、醋酸及其盐类等有机酸；乙氧基喹啉、二丁基羟基甲苯等抗氧化剂；丙酸、丙酸钠等防霉剂；CMC、酪蛋白钠、聚丙烯酸钠等粘结剂；甘油脂肪酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯等乳化剂；虾青素、斑蝥黄等色素；各种酯、醚、酮等香料。
本发明的饲料，适用于牛、猪、鸡等家畜或宠物的饲养。摄取的饲料的量，可以根据动物的种类、体重、年龄、性别、健康状况、饲料的成分等适当调节，这时饲料中含有的加热的腰果壳油和/或腰果酚优选为0.005～500g/头·日，更优选为0.05～100g/头·日，进一步优选为05～50g/头·日。
使之摄取饲料的方法及饲养方法，可以根据动物的种类，采用通常使用的方法。
实施例
以下说明本发明的实施例，但是本发明并不限定于该实施例。
1制造例
从腰果贸易公司(カシユ一·トレ一デイング(株))购入腰果壳500kg，通过压榨制造腰果壳油(非加热CNSL)158kg。另外，从腰果贸易公司购入通过加热处理将漆树酸转变为腰果酚的加热处理腰果壳油(加热CNSL)(本发明的球虫病防治剂)。
CNSL的组成按照以下方法测定。即，使用HPLC(Waters600，日本Waters公司(日本ウオ一タ一ズ株式会社))、检测器(Waters490E，日本Waters公司)、打印机(ChromatopakC-R6A，岛津制作所)、色谱柱(SUPELCOSIL LC18，SUPELCO公司)。使用乙腈∶水∶醋酸＝80∶20∶1(体积比)的溶剂，流速为2ml/分钟。检测280nm的吸光度。
非加热的腰果壳油中含有漆树酸61.8质量％，腰果酚8.2质量％，腰果二酚19.9质量％，加热的腰果壳油中含有漆树酸0.0质量％，腰果酚71.4质量％，腰果二酚14.4质量％。
2、牛球虫病防治试验
从自然感染邱氏艾美耳球虫(Eimeria zuernii)的牛腹泻粪便中收集卵囊，使卵囊以1500个/ml的浓度悬浮于5ml生理盐水中。对照区的小瓶中只加入生理盐水，比较例中调节小瓶里的非加热CNSL分别至0.5质量％，0.05质量％，和0.005质量％(比较例1、2和3)。实施例中调节小瓶里的加热CNSL分别至0.5质量％，0.05质量％，和0.005质量％(实施例1、2和3)。小瓶在37℃静置，进行适时观察。7天后在体视显微镜下观察，测定卵囊的个数，观察细胞壁的变形或溶解的状态。
结果显示在表1中。
[表1]
1)第7天剩余的卵囊中的比例
如实施例1～3所示，本发明的球虫病防治剂(加热CNSL)，在相对比较例1～3(非加热CNSL)的1/10的浓度下即观察到Eimeria zuernii卵囊数的减少和剩余卵囊的溶解变形。
像这样，对于含有1500个/ml的牛球虫病卵囊的生理盐水溶液，只要添加0.05质量％以上的加热的腰果壳油，就可以获得本发明的球虫病防治剂的效果。
3、鸡球虫病防治试验
从自然感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)的鸡腹泻粪便中收集卵囊，使卵囊以4000个/ml的浓度悬浮于5ml生理盐水中。对照区的小瓶中只加入生理盐水，比较例中调节小瓶里的非加热CNSL分别至0.5质量％，0.05质量％，和0.005质量％(比较例4、5和6)。实施例中调节小瓶里的加热CNSL分别至0.5质量％，0.05质量％，和0.005质量％(实施例4、5和6)。小瓶在37℃静置，进行适时观察。7天后在体视显微镜下观察，测定卵囊的个数，观察细胞壁的变形或溶解的状态。
结果显示在表2中。
[表2]
1)第7天剩余的卵囊中的比例
如实施例4～6所示，本发明的球虫病防治剂(加热CNSL)，在相对比较例4～6(非加热CNSL)的1/10的浓度下即观察到Eimeria tenella卵囊数的减少和剩余卵囊的溶解变形。
像这样，对于含有4000个/ml的鸡球虫病卵囊的生理盐水溶液，只要添加0.05质量％以上的加热的腰果壳油，就可以获得本发明的球虫病防治剂的效果。
4、饲料添加剂的制备例
制备具有以下组成的饲料添加剂。
(1)制备例1
加热的腰果壳油 35质量％
硅藻土(和光纯药公司产品) 65质量％
(2)制备例2
加热的腰果壳油 20质量％
酸性粘土(商品名：MIZUKA-ACE#20，水泽化学工业公司产品)
80质量％
(3)制备例3
加热的腰果壳油 35质量％
活性粘土(商品名：Galleon Earth V2，水泽化学工业公司产品)
65质量％
(4)制备例4
加热的腰果壳油 20质量％
沸石(时代化学品公司((株)タイムケミカル)产品)
80质量％
(5)制备例5
加热的腰果壳油 67质量％
二氧化硅(sipernat22，Evonik Degussa Japan公司(エボニツクデグサジヤパン(株))产品) 33质量％
5、饲料的制备例
制备具有以下组成的鸡或牛饲料。
(1)鸡饲料制备例
(i)制备例1：小型肉鸡饲料制备例
*维生素预混料：维生素A、维生素D3、维生素E、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、烟酸、泛酸、生物素、叶酸、维生素B12的混合物。
(ii)制备例2：小型肉鸡饲料制备例
小型肉鸡育肥前期标准饲料(SDB No1)(日本配合饲料公司产品)
99.50质量％
加热CNSL 0.50质量％
(iii)制备例3：肉鸡饲料制备例
小型肉鸡育肥后期标准饲料(SDB No2)(日本配合饲料公司产品)
99.50质量％
加热CNSL 0.50质量％
(iv)制备例4：产蛋鸡饲料制备例
幼雏标准饲料(SDLNo1)(日本配合饲料公司产品)
99.50质量％
加热CNSL 0.50质量％
(v)制备例5：产蛋鸡饲料制备例
中雏标准饲料(SDLNo2)(日本配合饲料公司产品)
99.50质量％
加热CNSL 0.50质量％
(vi)制备例6：产蛋鸡饲料制备例
大雏标准饲料(SDLNo3)(日本配合饲料公司产品)
99.50质量％
加热CNSL 0.50质量％
(vii)制备例7：产蛋鸡饲料制备例
成鸡标准饲料(SDLNo4)(日本配合饲料公司产品)
99.50质量％
加热CNSL 0.50质量％
(2)牛饲料制备例
(viii)制备例8：牛犊饲料制备例
(ix)制备例9：小牛培育饲料制备例
小牛培育标准饲料(SDC No2)(日本配合饲料公司产品)
99.50质量％
加热CNSL 0.50质量％
产业上的可利用性
本发明的球虫病防治剂、含有该球虫病防治剂的添加剂和饲料，可以防治动物(特别是家畜、宠物的)球虫病。
Claims (5)
1.一种动物球虫病防治剂，其特征在于，含有加热的腰果壳油和/或腰果酚。
2.一种饲料添加剂，其特征在于，含有权利要求1中记载的球虫病防治剂。
3.一种饲料，其特征在于，含有权利要求1中记载的球虫病防治剂或权利要求2中记载的饲料添加剂。
4.一种动物的饲养方法，其特征在于，使动物摄取权利要求3中记载的饲料。
5.加热的腰果壳油和/或腰果酚的用途，用于制造动物球虫病防治剂。
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| US5725894A (en) * | 1995-02-23 | 1998-03-10 | Takasago International Corporation | Coccidiosis-relieving agent and feed containing the same |
| EP1103190A1 (en) * | 1999-11-26 | 2001-05-30 | Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd. | Feed for prevention and/or treatment of coccidiosis |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3217484B2 (ja) * | 1992-08-17 | 2001-10-09 | 株式会社リコー | 高耐圧半導体装置 |
| JP2003238400A (ja) | 2002-02-12 | 2003-08-27 | Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo Kk | 抗コクシジウム組成物及びそれを含有する飼料 |
-
2010
- 2010-06-08 CN CN201080025354.1A patent/CN102458381B/zh active Active
- 2010-06-08 US US13/376,965 patent/US20120077884A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-06-08 BR BRPI1013053A patent/BRPI1013053A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-06-08 TW TW099118659A patent/TW201103439A/zh unknown
- 2010-06-08 EP EP10786158A patent/EP2441451A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-06-08 JP JP2011518540A patent/JP5611203B2/ja active Active
- 2010-06-08 WO PCT/JP2010/059691 patent/WO2010143627A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03217484A (ja) * | 1990-01-24 | 1991-09-25 | Mikimoto Seiyaku Kk | 酸化防止剤 |
| JPH06329536A (ja) * | 1993-05-21 | 1994-11-29 | Mikimoto Pharmaceut Co Ltd | 活性酸素抑制剤 |
| US5725894A (en) * | 1995-02-23 | 1998-03-10 | Takasago International Corporation | Coccidiosis-relieving agent and feed containing the same |
| EP1103190A1 (en) * | 1999-11-26 | 2001-05-30 | Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd. | Feed for prevention and/or treatment of coccidiosis |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107205438A (zh) * | 2015-01-30 | 2017-09-26 | 出光兴产株式会社 | 功能性饲料 |
| CN107205438B (zh) * | 2015-01-30 | 2021-09-24 | 出光兴产株式会社 | 功能性饲料 |
| CN105476981A (zh) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-04-13 | 兰州大学 | 漆树酸作为棘球蚴甘油醛三磷酸脱氢酶的抑制剂和作为治疗包虫病药物的应用 |
| CN105476981B (zh) * | 2015-12-04 | 2018-08-10 | 兰州大学 | 漆树酸作为棘球蚴甘油醛三磷酸脱氢酶的抑制剂和作为治疗包虫病药物的应用 |
| CN108697123A (zh) * | 2016-02-12 | 2018-10-23 | 出光兴产株式会社 | 功能性饲料 |
| CN108697123B (zh) * | 2016-02-12 | 2023-02-28 | 日本史迪士生物科学株式会社 | 功能性饲料 |
| CN105961860A (zh) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-09-28 | 四川农业大学 | 一种羊用抗球虫舔砖及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP5611203B2 (ja) | 2014-10-22 |
| EP2441451A4 (en) | 2012-11-14 |
| JPWO2010143627A1 (ja) | 2012-11-22 |
| TW201103439A (en) | 2011-02-01 |
| CN102458381B (zh) | 2014-02-05 |
| US20120077884A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
| BRPI1013053A2 (pt) | 2016-04-05 |
| WO2010143627A1 (ja) | 2010-12-16 |
| EP2441451A1 (en) | 2012-04-18 |
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