CN107189033B - 一种pbat/pla共混增容剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种pbat/pla共混增容剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107189033B
CN107189033B CN201710386162.7A CN201710386162A CN107189033B CN 107189033 B CN107189033 B CN 107189033B CN 201710386162 A CN201710386162 A CN 201710386162A CN 107189033 B CN107189033 B CN 107189033B
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乔丙年
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Abstract

本发明属于高分子材料技术领域,具体涉及一种PBAT/PLA共混增容剂,其结构式如下:
Figure DDA0002306244070000011
其中,R为‑CH3或‑CH2CH3;R1为
Figure DDA0002306244070000012
一种PBAT/PLA共混增容剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:(1)在惰性气体保护环境下,将聚乙二醇、含受阻胺基团的二元醇和催化剂边搅拌边加热,直至聚乙二醇完全熔解;(2)在搅拌条件下,逐滴滴入1,6‑己二异氰酸酯,得聚乙二醇预聚体;(3)配制壳聚糖的DMSO溶液,并在搅拌的条件下逐滴滴入步骤(2)的聚乙二醇预聚体中,反应一段时间后得PBAT/PLA共混增容剂。本发明的增容剂能够增加PLA与PBAT链段的相互作用,使共混物相容性大大提高,增加了共混物的力学强度;另外,可以提高PBAT/PLA共混物的紫外光稳定性和较好的抗菌性能,延长材料的使用寿命。

Description

一种PBAT/PLA共混增容剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料技术领域,具体涉及一种PBAT/PLA共混增容剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
塑料地膜覆盖栽培技术自1979年在我国试验应用并推广以来,已经成为农业增产的一项重要技术。但由于目前大多数地膜为聚乙烯或聚氯乙烯地膜,其稳定性极高,降解过程相当缓慢,大约要100年;残留在土壤中的碎片不能被土壤微生物降解,也不能被作物吸收利用。特别是超薄地膜(微膜)的制造,虽然可以使单位面积地膜用量相对减少,成本降低,但地膜越薄,越易破碎,破碎后形成的地膜残片残留在地表和土壤中,给清理和回收带来很大困难。目前,国内外广泛开展的研究工作,主要有生物降解地膜、光降解地膜、光/生物降解地膜、植物纤维地膜、液态喷洒薄膜、多功能农用薄膜等。
生物降解地膜是在自然条件下,通过土壤微生物的生命活动而进行降解的一类地膜。生物降解地膜是使用中保持与现有塑料相同程度的功能,使用后能分解成低分子化合物,并最终分解成水和二氧化碳等无机物的高分子材料。尽管这类地膜能够降解,但都存在加工困难、容易被土壤中的细菌分解,缩短材料的使用寿命,力学性能和耐水性能差的问题,目前难以推广和应用。
聚乳酸(PLA)是由丙交酯开环聚合或乳酸直接缩聚制得的聚酯类线性生物降解高分子材料。聚乳酸(PLA)具有优良的生物相容性、生物可降解性,最终的降解产物是二氧化碳和水,不会对环境造成污染,这使之在以环境和发展为主题的今天越来越受到人们的重视,并对其在工业、农业、生物医药、食品包装等领域的应用展开了广泛的研究。聚乳酸具有较高的拉伸强度、压缩模量,但质硬而韧性较差,缺乏柔性和弹性,极易弯曲变形,这些局限限制了它的实际应用。聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)是一种由己二酸、对苯二甲酸和丁二醇3种单体共聚得到的聚酯,一种可完全生物降解的材料,具有良好的拉伸性能和柔顺性,因此,将PBAT与PLA共混改性可以有效提高聚乳酸的性能。但是,PLA与PBAT的相容性不佳,导致PLA/PBAT的共混物力学强度降低很多。为了能扩大其应用范围,须在共混物中引入增强剂以减小两相界面张力,增大界面结合力,改善共混体系的力学相容性和抗冲击性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足,提供一种PBAT/PLA共混增容剂及其制备方法,制备的增溶剂一方面能够增加PLA与PBAT链段的相互作用,使共混物相容性大大提高,增加了共混物的力学强度;另一方面,增溶剂可以的加入,可以提高PBAT/PLA共混物的紫外光稳定性和较好的抗菌性能,延长材料的使用寿命。
为实现本发明的目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种PBAT/PLA共混增容剂,其结构式如下:
Figure GDA0002306244060000021
其中,R为-CH3或-CH2CH3;R1为
Figure GDA0002306244060000022
一种PBAT/PLA共混增容剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)在惰性气体保护环境下,将聚乙二醇、含受阻胺基团的二元醇和催化剂边搅拌边加热至66-70℃,直至聚乙二醇完全熔解;
(2)在搅拌条件下,将反应体系加热至76-80℃,并逐滴滴入1,6-己二异氰酸酯,待1,6-己二异氰酸酯滴加完成后继续反应2h,得聚乙二醇预聚体;
(3)配制壳聚糖的DMSO溶液,并在搅拌的条件下逐滴滴入步骤(2)的聚乙二醇预聚体中,待壳聚糖的DMSO溶液滴加完成后继续反应2-4h,得PBAT/PLA共混增容剂;
所述含受阻胺基团的二元醇的结构式为:
Figure GDA0002306244060000031
其中,R为-CH3或-CH2CH3
所述壳聚糖分子量不大于5000g/mol。
其反应过程为:
Figure GDA0002306244060000041
具体地,上述步骤(1)中的催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡。
具体地,上述聚乙二醇和含受阻胺基团的二元醇的物质的量之和与1,6-己二异氰酸酯的物质的量比为2:3。
具体地,上述聚乙二醇和含受阻胺基团的二元醇的物质的量之比为(2-1):1。
具体地,上述步骤(3)中壳聚糖的DMSO溶液的浓度1-3wt%。
具体地,上述壳聚糖分子量为5000g/mol或3000g/mol。
具体地,上述壳聚糖的脱乙酰度≥70%。
具体地,上述聚乙二醇为PEG4000或PEG6000。
本发明具有的有益效果:
(1)本发明的一种PBAT/PLA共混增容剂,主链中含有的聚乙二醇和异氰酸酯柔性链,能够增加PLA与PBAT链段的相互作用,使共混物相容性大大提高,增加了PBAT/PLA共混物的力学强度。
(2)本发明的一种PBAT/PLA共混增容剂,含受阻胺基团的二元醇单体可以通过共聚方法直接引入增容剂大分子链上,赋予增容剂优良的紫外光稳定性,同时保持其优良的力学性能,能够克服现有技术中在聚酯中添加受阻胺光稳定剂导致力学性能明显下降的缺点。
(3)本发明的一种PBAT/PLA共混增容剂,结构中含有壳聚糖分子,增加了增容剂的生物降解性,赋予增容剂较好的抗菌性能,延长材料的使用寿命。
(4)本发明的一种PBAT/PLA共混增容剂制备方法简单,原料易得,成本低,环境污染小,制得的增容共混物具有良好的性能,具有明显的应用优势。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1是本发明具体实施例1的PBAT/PLA共混增容剂的核磁谱图。
具体实施方式
现在结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
实施例1
一种PBAT/PLA共混增容剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)在氮气惰性气体保护环境下,将80g PEG4000、2.5g含受阻胺基团的二元醇和0.9g二月桂酸二丁基锡边搅拌边加热至66℃,直至PEG4000完全熔解;
(2)在搅拌条件下,将步骤(1)的反应体系加热至76℃,并逐滴滴入7.6g 1,6-己二异氰酸酯,待1,6-己二异氰酸酯滴加完成后继续反应2h,得聚乙二醇预聚体;
(3)称取2.25g壳聚糖粉末,配制成质量分数为3%壳聚糖的DMSO溶液,并在搅拌的条件下逐滴滴入步骤(2)的聚乙二醇预聚体中,待壳聚糖的DMSO溶液滴加完成后继续反应4h,得PBAT/PLA共混增容剂;
所述含受阻胺基团的二元醇的结构式为:
Figure GDA0002306244060000061
其中,R为-CH3
所述壳聚糖分子量为5000g/mol。
其红外测试结果如下:
FTIR(KBr):-OH和-NH2伸缩振动峰3100-3500cm-1,C-N特征峰1288cm-1,1650cm-1,1550cm-1两处较弱的峰归因于壳聚糖分子和1,6-己二异氰酸酯中酰胺基的伯胺的伸缩振动峰,亚甲基特征峰2880cm-1,酯羰基特征峰1645cm-1,1080cm-1为伯醇C—O伸缩振动峰。
核磁谱图如图1所示,核磁测试结果如下:
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.01(8H),5.58(2H),5.18(2H),4.88(1H),4.36-4.32(4n+2H),4.21(4H),4.18(2H),4.10-3.88(6H),3.66-3.61(6H),3.13-3.02(4H),2.95(12H),2.85(1H),2.27(3H),2.01(10H),1.84(2H),1.55(16H),1.29(12H),1.15(12H)。
实施例2
一种PBAT/PLA共混增容剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)在氮气惰性气体保护环境下,将60g PEG4000、2.6g含受阻胺基团的二元醇和0.9g二月桂酸二丁基锡边搅拌边加热至68℃,直至PEG4000完全熔解;
(2)在搅拌条件下,将步骤(1)的反应体系加热至78℃,并逐滴滴入6.3g 1,6-己二异氰酸酯,待1,6-己二异氰酸酯滴加完成后继续反应2h,得聚乙二醇预聚体;
(3)称取1.13g壳聚糖粉末,配制成质量分数为2%壳聚糖的DMSO溶液,并在搅拌的条件下逐滴滴入步骤(2)的聚乙二醇预聚体中,待壳聚糖的DMSO溶液滴加完成后继续反应3h,得PBAT/PLA共混增容剂;
所述含受阻胺基团的二元醇的结构式为:
Figure GDA0002306244060000071
其中,R为-CH2CH3
所述壳聚糖分子量为5000g/mol。
其红外测试结果如下:
FTIR(KBr):-OH和-NH2伸缩振动峰3100-3500cm-1,C-N特征峰1285cm-1,1655cm-1,1550cm-1两处较弱的峰归因于壳聚糖分子和1,6-己二异氰酸酯中酰胺基的伯胺的伸缩振动峰,亚甲基特征峰2880cm-1,酯羰基特征峰1645cm-1,1080cm-1为伯醇C—O伸缩振动峰。
实施例3
一种PBAT/PLA共混增容剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)在氮气惰性气体保护环境下,将60g PEG6000、2.5g含受阻胺基团的二元醇和0.9g二月桂酸二丁基锡边搅拌边加热至70℃,直至PEG6000完全熔解;
(2)在搅拌条件下,将步骤(1)的反应体系加热至80℃,并逐滴滴入5.1g 1,6-己二异氰酸酯,待1,6-己二异氰酸酯滴加完成后继续反应2h,得聚乙二醇预聚体;
(3)称取0.9g壳聚糖粉末,配制成质量分数为1%壳聚糖的DMSO溶液,并在搅拌的条件下逐滴滴入步骤(2)的聚乙二醇预聚体中,待壳聚糖的DMSO溶液滴加完成后继续反应2h,得PBAT/PLA共混增容剂;
所述含受阻胺基团的二元醇的结构式为:
Figure GDA0002306244060000081
其中,R为-CH3
所述壳聚糖分子量为3000g/mol。
其红外测试结果如下:
FTIR(KBr):-OH和-NH2伸缩振动峰3100-3500cm-1,C-N特征峰1285cm-1,1650cm-1,1555cm-1两处较弱的峰归因于壳聚糖分子和1,6-己二异氰酸酯中酰胺基的伯胺的伸缩振动峰,亚甲基特征峰2885cm-1,酯羰基特征峰1650cm-1,1085cm-1为伯醇C—O伸缩振动峰。
应用实施例:
按照表1称取物料:
表1:
应用实施例 本发明增容剂(g) PBAT/PLA共混物(g)
应用实施例1 0 100
应用实施例2 0.1 100
应用实施例3 0.3 100
应用实施例4 0.5 100
应用实施例5 1 100
应用实施例6 2 100
将本发明制备的增容剂和PBAT/PLA混合均匀;加入双螺杆挤出机中,在机组温度160-200℃、模头温度180℃、螺杆转速100rpm的条件下,挤出造粒,再经干燥,冷却,得到增容PBAT/PLA颗粒。使用半自动压力成型机在170-180℃下保温10min,加压5min,放气3次制成标准板,然后用万能制样机制成标准试样,根据美国ASTM-D6638标准测试拉伸性能和抗菌性能,将PBAT/PLA颗粒熔体流延成膜测试其耐油性,结果如表2所示。
表2
Figure GDA0002306244060000091
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示,通过上述的说明内容,相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内,进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容,必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种PBAT/PLA共混增容剂,其特征在于,其结构式如下:
Figure FDA0002306244050000011
其中,R为-CH3或-CH2CH3;R1为
Figure FDA0002306244050000012
所述的PBAT/PLA共混增容剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)在惰性气体保护环境下,将聚乙二醇、含受阻胺基团的二元醇和催化剂边搅拌边加热至66-70℃,直至聚乙二醇完全熔解;
(2)在搅拌条件下,将反应体系加热至76-80℃,并逐滴滴入1,6-己二异氰酸酯,待1,6-己二异氰酸酯滴加完成后继续反应2h,得聚乙二醇预聚体;
(3)配制壳聚糖的DMSO溶液,并在搅拌的条件下逐滴滴入步骤(2)的聚乙二醇预聚体中,待壳聚糖的DMSO溶液滴加完成后继续反应2-4h,得PBAT/PLA共混增容剂;
所述含受阻胺基团的二元醇的结构式为:
Figure FDA0002306244050000013
其中,R为-CH3或-CH2CH3
所述壳聚糖分子量不大于5000g/mol。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种PBAT/PLA共混增容剂,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种PBAT/PLA共混增容剂,其特征在于:所述聚乙二醇和含受阻胺基团的二元醇的物质的量之和与1,6-己二异氰酸酯的物质的量比为2:3。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种PBAT/PLA共混增容剂,其特征在于:所述聚乙二醇和含受阻胺基团的二元醇的物质的量之比为(2-1):1。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种PBAT/PLA共混增容剂,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中壳聚糖的DMSO溶液的浓度1-3wt%。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种PBAT/PLA共混增容剂,其特征在于:所述壳聚糖与1,6-己二异氰酸酯的物质的量之比为1:100。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种PBAT/PLA共混增容剂,其特征在于:所述壳聚糖分子量为5000g/mol或3000g/mol。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种PBAT/PLA共混增容剂,其特征在于:所述壳聚糖的脱乙酰度≥70%。
9.如权利要求1所述的一种PBAT/PLA共混增容剂,其特征在于:所述聚乙二醇为PEG4000或PEG6000。
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