CN107173144A - A kind of Walnut cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of Walnut cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107173144A CN107173144A CN201710284939.9A CN201710284939A CN107173144A CN 107173144 A CN107173144 A CN 107173144A CN 201710284939 A CN201710284939 A CN 201710284939A CN 107173144 A CN107173144 A CN 107173144A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Walnut cultural method, including：Childhood period management：Management, the b management of the 2nd~3 year, the management of manhood of a plants then；By carrying out childhood period management and adult period management respectively, firm foundations can be laid for Walnut, walnut is improved and grows vigorous power, are abounded with the phase so as to greatly extension, and then improve yield.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to walnut planting technology field, and in particular to a kind of Walnut cultural method.
Background technology
Walnut also known as English walnut, its fruit are also referred to as walnut, can both eat raw, stir-fry and eat, and can also extract oil, and prepare cake, candy
Deng, it is not only delicious, and nutritive value is very high, is described as " long live ", " Longevity ".
Walnut kernel has following effect：
1. there is provided nutrition for empty strong body：Animal experiments prove that, the mixing-in fat diet containing nut oil can make body weight increase, serum
Albumin increase, and blood cholesterol levels rise is relatively slow, therefore walnut is a kind of tonic product of rare higher fatty acid property material；
2. anti-inflammation and sterilization, maintaining skin：Semen Persicae has direct inhibiting bacteria and diminishing inflammation to act on；
3. cancer-resisting：Walnut skill is to kinds of tumors, such as cancer of the esophagus, stomach cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, lung cancer, thyroid cancer, lymphosarcoma
There is certain inhibitory action；
4. brain tonic is anti-old：Walnut kernel contains unrighted acid necessary to more protein and human nutrition, and these compositions are all
For the important substance of cerebral tissue cell metabolism, energy nursing brain cells strengthen brain function；
5. purifying blood, cholesterol is reduced：Walnut kernel can reduce absorption of the enteron aisle to cholesterol, and can dissolve cholesterol, exclude
" dirt impurity " in vascular wall makes blood purification, so as to provide more preferable new blood for human body.In addition, walnut can be additionally used in
Treat Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus.
6. containing more protein and unrighted acid needed by human in walnut kernel, these compositions have extraordinary
Cerebrum tonifying effect, can nursing brain cells, enhancing brain function；
7. walnut kernel can effectively prevent artery sclerosis, the effect of cholesterol is reduced；In addition, walnut can also be used to treat non-insulin
Dependent diabetes；Meanwhile, leucocyte can be lifted, liver is protected；
8. walnut kernel contains a large amount of vitamin Es, often edible to play the role of moistening lung, dark hair；
9. releive fatigue and resistance to compression；
10. moisturize laxation：It is difficult to resolve for the stool for dry constipation of intestines, while there is the work(of stronger promoting blood circulation for regulating menstruation, removing blood stasis for promoting tissue regeneration
Effect, also has certain curative effect to cough-relieving.
As can be seen here, walnut not only in life can as nut fruit one kind, or medical domain is more universal
That applies thinks good dose, and then the market prospects of walnut are more wide in range, and market demand is larger, especially in medical domain
Start to obtain application and expansion progressively.Therefore the plantation of walnut is increased, the yield for improving walnut has become walnut application
Primary premise.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is that there is provided a kind of Walnut cultural method the problem of being directed to existing.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
A kind of Walnut cultural method, comprises the following steps：
The management in brephic
The management of a plants then
(1) plant is to by the end of May, and will be watered when larger arid drought resisting, and mass fraction is used daily for 0.85% in germination-frondesce stage
Calcium chloride solution poured once, every plant of walnut pours 150mL；Rainy season timely ditch cleaning drainage；It is big in spring rainfall, it is cloudy
The rain time is long, rationally controls moisture；
(2) start fertilising material June, during June to September, monthly apply a urea, dose is each 52 grams every plant, and every plant of the l0 months apply
120~140 grams every plant of phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer；
(3) shaping：Pinching when nursery stock grows to 78 centimetres, selects and remain 3 direction differences, strong at a distance of 6~10 centimetres after germinateing
Bud makees major branch culture, is all erased in 3 other buds made within 5~8 centimetres of the vicinity of major branch culture bud；Major branch is not influenceed to give birth to
Pinching when growing to 18~20 centimetres of long bud；
It is extension branch growth that a front end bud is selected after 3 major branches pinching when growing to 42~44 centimetres left, branch, selects one
Bud is used as side shoot culture；Pinching when side shoot grows to 32 centimetres, extension branch grows to 40~45 centimetres of pinching；Drawn using piling with rope
Method, make three major branch distribution arrangements uniform, crotch angle is 45 degree or so；The bud of extension branch and collateral generation is not influenceed, according to
Its density degree, which is taken, to be erased or leaves：A bud is stayed at a distance of 18~20 centimetres, pinching is supported as auxiliary when growing to 20~22 centimetres
Branch culture；
The b management of the 2nd~3 year
The Second Year spring all plucks buds, the 3rd year every plant tree control 40~50 fruits of knot, while carry out pruning and
Rich water quality management；
Pruning works：One is on the basis of upper 1 year, to be further cultured for a side shoot, each major branch is had two side shoots, one
Individual extension branch, sets just into " three nine " entirely；40~42 centimetres away from trunk of first side shoot, the second side shoot away from the first side shoot 50~
54 centimetres, using pinching, the methods such as branch are drawn to complete；Two be the both sides cultivation results branch group on side shoot, extension branch and major branch, is used
Pinching, torsion send wait trimming gimmick, be allowed to different size of fruit-bearing shoot cluster be full of tree body space；The principle of fruit-bearing shoot cluster configuration is interior
It is big outer small；Interior close outer vegetable, size is interlocked, close without squeezing, and is dredged without sky；
Rich water quality management is fertilising and draining；Fertilising 1 year 4 times, 12~14 kilograms of the organic fertilizer that every plant is applied to become thoroughly decomposed after fall foliage,
During spring rudiment every plant apply 120~150 grams of urea, every plant of mid or late May apply 110 grams of urea phosphorate 55 grams of K composite fertilizer, in August
Every plant of the middle ten days applies phosphorate 90 grams of K composite fertilizer, every plant of early October of 110 grams of urea and applies 55 grams of urea and phosphorate 160 grams of K composite fertilizer,
In tree crown peripheral annular buriing；
Adult period management
Start large result into the 4th year, reach the phase of abounding with the 6th year；Keep result with growth balance, rationally carry out fertilising and
Trimming；
Dose applies 55~65 grams of purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and each 28~32 grams of potassium oxide, organic fertilizer 5.2 by every square metre of hat width
Kilogram；Organic fertilizer is in making base manure embedment before fall foliage；Topdress and carry out 4 times every year, first spends the budding period inferior to Walnut opener, topdresses
Amount accounts for the 50% of annual topdressing amount；Second, inferior to early and middle ten dayses in June, accounts for the 25% of annual topdressing amount；For the third time in early and middle ten dayses in July,
Account for the 15% of annual dose；After 4th inferior to harvesting, the 10% of annual topdressing amount is accounted for；Watered after fertilising；
Trimming：One is the trimming of skeleton branch：This phase skeleton branch finalizes the design almost, and backbone's extension branch no longer stretches out, will during trimming
Extend branch using bud rejuvenation on branch, master branch is upper to stay branches and leaves more；The close crowded, juxtaposition of peripheral Zhiru interacts, and should remove
And retraction；Two be the rejuvenating of fruit-bearing shoot cluster：To be upgraded in time for weak fruit-bearing shoot cluster, method be cut off growth potential compared with
By force, to the branch of upper bit, by tree crown it is outer in order cultivate it is small, in, bough group；At no point in the update process, prosperous branch is controlled to give birth to
It is long；Three be to utilize the branch of excessive growth：The branch of excessive growth is taken it is free just stay, no empty just thin principle, the branch of excessive growth left carries out pinching, short
Cut etc. method culture branch group；Four be to remove useless branch：Overstocked, overlapping, intersection, disease pest, withered, thin and delicate branch are removed without exception.
Further, the organic fertilizer is made up of following component by weight：
(1) being combined liquid and preparation method thereof is：Fresh Laminaria Japonica, sansevieria trifasciata prain, jasmine petal, malt are pressed 10：1：2：3 mass ratios are mixed
Afterwards, rub, the clear water of 4 times of addition sea-tangle quality carries out defibrination, obtains slurries, then put into slurries ultrasonic anti-after cleaning
Answer in kettle, add the cellulase of grind slurries quality 1.6%, be heated to 36 DEG C, it is that 300W, frequency are to start ultrasonication power
30KHz, processing time is 40min, then carries out destroy the enzyme treatment, adds the brewer's yeast of grind slurries quality 0.88%, at 40 DEG C
Ferment 50min, then carries out sterilization treatment, obtains zymotic fluid, the sodium carbonate of its quality 0.2% is added into zymotic fluid, with
After 550r/min rotating speeds stirring 30min, 1h is stood, separation of solid and liquid is then carried out, obtains mixing liquid, produce required complex liquid；
(2) ground phosphate rock 6, dregs of beans 12, chicken manure 30, urea 4, grape pip powder 2, cow dung 46, bamboo leaf powder 3 are carried out uniformly by weight
After mixing, stacking, which is become thoroughly decomposed, to be handled 35 days, and when temperature reaches 40 DEG C in heap, throwing is turned in progress during becoming thoroughly decomposed, and then proceedes to become thoroughly decomposed, and is made
Cow dung is become thoroughly decomposed material；
(3) 1 is pressed：Complex liquid made from step (1) is sprayed on cow dung and become thoroughly decomposed in material by 40 mass ratios, is stirred, is stood
After 30min, organic fertilizer is obtained.
Further, described to topdress, topdress middle nitrogenous fertilizer for the first time：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer mass ratio is 5：3：2；Chase after for the second time
Nitrogenous fertilizer in fertilizer：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer mass ratio is 4：3：2；Topdress middle nitrogenous fertilizer for the third time：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer mass ratio is 3：3：2；
The 4th middle nitrogenous fertilizer that topdresses：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer mass ratio is 2：3：2.
The present invention has advantages below compared with prior art：By carrying out childhood period management and adult period management, energy respectively
Firm foundations enough are laid for Walnut, walnut is improved and grows vigorous power, are abounded with the phase so as to greatly extension, and then
Yield is improved, in germination-frondesce stage by pouring the sodium carbonate liquor of certain mass fraction, growth of seedling can be promoted, children is improved
Shoot survival percent, while the loose degree of soil can also be improved to a certain extent；By applying the organic fertilizer prepared, it can not only pass through
The degeneration-resistant mechanism of walnut matrix is excited, and the superoxide radical accumulated in vivo can be eliminated, free radical excessive accumulation is reduced
Injury to plant cell membrane, it is to avoid osmotic adjustment functional disturbance, improves walnut to the adaptability of environment, preparation it is organic
Fertilizer includes trace element, polysaccharose substance, and the startup for exciting plant stress-resistance mechanism is improved to adverse circumstance defensive ability/resistance ability effect
Significantly, it can increase the humus content of soil by conveying organic substance into soil, be conducive to the shape of crumb structure
Into the content ratio of water-stable granule, improved soil nutrient situation in raising soil；By topdressing, while reasonable preparation nitrogen phosphorus
The ratio of potassium, can further improve the speed of growth of walnut, strengthen the vitality of walnut, be that walnut abounds with and lays jail
Solid basis, walnut implantation methods of the present invention abound with 1200-1300 jins of phase per mu yield.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of Walnut cultural method, comprises the following steps：
The management in brephic
The management of a plants then
(1) plant is to by the end of May, and will be watered when larger arid drought resisting, and mass fraction is used daily for 0.85% in germination-frondesce stage
Calcium chloride solution poured once, every plant of walnut pours 150mL；Rainy season timely ditch cleaning drainage；It is big in spring rainfall, it is cloudy
The rain time is long, rationally controls moisture；
(2) start fertilising material June, during June to September, monthly apply a urea, dose is each 52 grams every plant, and every plant of the l0 months apply
120 grams every plant of phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer；
(3) shaping：Pinching when nursery stock grows to 78 centimetres, 3 direction differences are selected and remain after germinateing, are made at a distance of 6 centimetres of strong buds
Major branch culture, is all erased in 3 other buds made within 5 centimetres of the vicinity of major branch culture bud；The bud for not influenceing major branch to grow
Pinching when growing to 18 centimetres；
It is extension branch growth that a front end bud is selected after 3 major branches pinching when growing to 42 centimetres left, branch, selects a bud work
For side shoot culture；Pinching when side shoot grows to 32 centimetres, extension branch grows to 40 centimetres of pinching；The method drawn using piling with rope,
Make three major branch distribution arrangements uniform, crotch angle is 45 degree or so；The bud of extension branch and collateral generation is not influenceed, according to its density journey
Degree, which is taken, to be erased or leaves：A bud is stayed at a distance of 18 centimetres, pinching is as auxiliary support branch culture when growing to 20 centimetres；
The b management of the 2nd~3 year
The Second Year spring all plucks buds, the 3rd year every plant of tree control 40 fruits of knot, while carrying out pruning and rich water
Management；
Pruning works：One is on the basis of upper 1 year, to be further cultured for a side shoot, each major branch is had two side shoots, one
Individual extension branch, sets just into " three nine " entirely；40 centimetres away from trunk of first side shoot, 50 centimetres away from the first side shoot of the second side shoot,
Using pinching, the methods such as branch are drawn to complete；Two be the both sides cultivation results branch group on side shoot, extension branch and major branch, using pinching, is turned round
The trimming gimmick such as send, be allowed to different size of fruit-bearing shoot cluster full of tree body space；The principle of fruit-bearing shoot cluster configuration is interior big outer small；
Interior close outer vegetable, size is interlocked, close without squeezing, and is dredged without sky；
Rich water quality management is fertilising and draining；Fertilising 1 year 4 times, 12~14 kilograms of the organic fertilizer that every plant is applied to become thoroughly decomposed after fall foliage,
Apply 120 grams of urea, every plant of mid or late May during spring rudiment and apply 110 grams of urea and phosphorate 55 grams of K composite fertilizer, August early and middle ten dayses for every plant
Apply phosphorate 90 grams of K composite fertilizer, every plant of early October of 110 grams of urea for every plant to apply 55 grams of urea and phosphorate 160 grams of K composite fertilizer, in tree
It is preced with peripheral annular buriing；
Adult period management
Start large result into the 4th year, reach the phase of abounding with the 6th year；Keep result with growth balance, rationally carry out fertilising and
Trimming；
Dose applies 55 grams of purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and each 28 grams of potassium oxide, 5.2 kilograms of organic fertilizer by every square metre of hat width；Have
Machine fertilizer is in making base manure embedment before fall foliage；Topdress and carry out 4 times every year, first spends the budding period inferior to Walnut opener, and topdressing amount is accounted for entirely
The 50% of year topdressing amount；Second, inferior to early and middle ten dayses in June, accounts for the 25% of annual topdressing amount；Third time accounts for whole year in early and middle ten dayses in July
The 15% of dose；After 4th inferior to harvesting, the 10% of annual topdressing amount is accounted for；Watered after fertilising；
Trimming：One is the trimming of skeleton branch：This phase skeleton branch finalizes the design almost, and backbone's extension branch no longer stretches out, will during trimming
Extend branch using bud rejuvenation on branch, master branch is upper to stay branches and leaves more；The close crowded, juxtaposition of peripheral Zhiru interacts, and should remove
And retraction；Two be the rejuvenating of fruit-bearing shoot cluster：To be upgraded in time for weak fruit-bearing shoot cluster, method be cut off growth potential compared with
By force, to the branch of upper bit, by tree crown it is outer in order cultivate it is small, in, bough group；At no point in the update process, prosperous branch is controlled to give birth to
It is long；Three be to utilize the branch of excessive growth：The branch of excessive growth is taken it is free just stay, no empty just thin principle, the branch of excessive growth left carries out pinching, short
Cut etc. method culture branch group；Four be to remove useless branch：Overstocked, overlapping, intersection, disease pest, withered, thin and delicate branch are removed without exception.
The organic fertilizer is made up of following component by weight：
(1) being combined liquid and preparation method thereof is：Fresh Laminaria Japonica, sansevieria trifasciata prain, jasmine petal, malt are pressed 10：1：2：3 mass ratios are mixed
Afterwards, rub, the clear water of 4 times of addition sea-tangle quality carries out defibrination, obtains slurries, then put into slurries ultrasonic anti-after cleaning
Answer in kettle, add the cellulase of grind slurries quality 1.6%, be heated to 36 DEG C, it is that 300W, frequency are to start ultrasonication power
30KHz, processing time is 40min, then carries out destroy the enzyme treatment, adds the brewer's yeast of grind slurries quality 0.88%, at 40 DEG C
Ferment 50min, then carries out sterilization treatment, obtains zymotic fluid, the sodium carbonate of its quality 0.2% is added into zymotic fluid, with
After 550r/min rotating speeds stirring 30min, 1h is stood, separation of solid and liquid is then carried out, obtains mixing liquid, produce required complex liquid；
(2) ground phosphate rock 6, dregs of beans 12, chicken manure 30, urea 4, grape pip powder 2, cow dung 46, bamboo leaf powder 3 are carried out uniformly by weight
After mixing, stacking, which is become thoroughly decomposed, to be handled 35 days, and when temperature reaches 40 DEG C in heap, throwing is turned in progress during becoming thoroughly decomposed, and then proceedes to become thoroughly decomposed, and is made
Cow dung is become thoroughly decomposed material；
(3) 1 is pressed：Complex liquid made from step (1) is sprayed on cow dung and become thoroughly decomposed in material by 40 mass ratios, is stirred, is stood
After 30min, organic fertilizer is obtained.
Described to topdress, topdress middle nitrogenous fertilizer for the first time：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer mass ratio is 5：3：2；Topdress middle nitrogenous fertilizer for the second time：
Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer mass ratio is 4：3：2；Topdress middle nitrogenous fertilizer for the third time：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer mass ratio is 3：3：2；Topdress for 4th time
Middle nitrogenous fertilizer：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer mass ratio is 2：3：2.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Walnut cultural method, comprises the following steps：
The management in brephic
The management of a plants then
(1) plant is to by the end of May, and will be watered when larger arid drought resisting, and mass fraction is used daily for 0.85% in germination-frondesce stage
Calcium chloride solution poured once, every plant of walnut pours 150mL；Rainy season timely ditch cleaning drainage；It is big in spring rainfall, it is cloudy
The rain time is long, rationally controls moisture；
(2) start fertilising material June, during June to September, monthly apply a urea, dose is each 52 grams every plant, and every plant of the l0 months apply
140 grams every plant of phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer；
(3) shaping：Pinching when nursery stock grows to 78 centimetres, 3 direction differences are selected and remain after germinateing, are made at a distance of 10 centimetres of strong buds
Major branch culture, is all erased in 3 other buds made within 8 centimetres of the vicinity of major branch culture bud；The bud for not influenceing major branch to grow
Pinching when growing to 20 centimetres；
It is extension branch growth that a front end bud is selected after 3 major branches pinching when growing to 44 centimetres left, branch, selects a bud work
For side shoot culture；Pinching when side shoot grows to 32 centimetres, extension branch grows to 45 centimetres of pinching；The method drawn using piling with rope,
Make three major branch distribution arrangements uniform, crotch angle is 45 degree or so；The bud of extension branch and collateral generation is not influenceed, according to its density journey
Degree, which is taken, to be erased or leaves：A bud is stayed at a distance of 20 centimetres, pinching is as auxiliary support branch culture when growing to 22 centimetres；
The b management of the 2nd~3 year
The Second Year spring all plucks buds, the 3rd year every plant of tree control 50 fruits of knot, while carrying out pruning and rich water
Management；
Pruning works：One is on the basis of upper 1 year, to be further cultured for a side shoot, each major branch is had two side shoots, one
Individual extension branch, sets just into " three nine " entirely；42 centimetres away from trunk of first side shoot, 54 centimetres away from the first side shoot of the second side shoot,
Using pinching, the methods such as branch are drawn to complete；Two be the both sides cultivation results branch group on side shoot, extension branch and major branch, using pinching, is turned round
The trimming gimmick such as send, be allowed to different size of fruit-bearing shoot cluster full of tree body space；The principle of fruit-bearing shoot cluster configuration is interior big outer small；
Interior close outer vegetable, size is interlocked, close without squeezing, and is dredged without sky；
Rich water quality management is fertilising and draining；Fertilising 1 year 4 times, 12~14 kilograms of the organic fertilizer that every plant is applied to become thoroughly decomposed after fall foliage,
Apply 150 grams of urea, every plant of mid or late May during spring rudiment and apply 110 grams of urea and phosphorate 55 grams of K composite fertilizer, August early and middle ten dayses for every plant
Apply phosphorate 90 grams of K composite fertilizer, every plant of early October of 110 grams of urea for every plant to apply 55 grams of urea and phosphorate 160 grams of K composite fertilizer, in tree
It is preced with peripheral annular buriing；
Adult period management
Start large result into the 4th year, reach the phase of abounding with the 6th year；Keep result with growth balance, rationally carry out fertilising and
Trimming；
Dose applies 65 grams of purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and each 32 grams of potassium oxide, 5.2 kilograms of organic fertilizer by every square metre of hat width；Have
Machine fertilizer is in making base manure embedment before fall foliage；Topdress and carry out 4 times every year, first spends the budding period inferior to Walnut opener, and topdressing amount is accounted for entirely
The 50% of year topdressing amount；Second, inferior to early and middle ten dayses in June, accounts for the 25% of annual topdressing amount；Third time accounts for whole year in early and middle ten dayses in July
The 15% of dose；After 4th inferior to harvesting, the 10% of annual topdressing amount is accounted for；Watered after fertilising；
Trimming：One is the trimming of skeleton branch：This phase skeleton branch finalizes the design almost, and backbone's extension branch no longer stretches out, will during trimming
Extend branch using bud rejuvenation on branch, master branch is upper to stay branches and leaves more；The close crowded, juxtaposition of peripheral Zhiru interacts, and should remove
And retraction；Two be the rejuvenating of fruit-bearing shoot cluster：To be upgraded in time for weak fruit-bearing shoot cluster, method be cut off growth potential compared with
By force, to the branch of upper bit, by tree crown it is outer in order cultivate it is small, in, bough group；At no point in the update process, prosperous branch is controlled to give birth to
It is long；Three be to utilize the branch of excessive growth：The branch of excessive growth is taken it is free just stay, no empty just thin principle, the branch of excessive growth left carries out pinching, short
Cut etc. method culture branch group；Four be to remove useless branch：Overstocked, overlapping, intersection, disease pest, withered, thin and delicate branch are removed without exception.
The organic fertilizer is made up of following component by weight：
(1) being combined liquid and preparation method thereof is：Fresh Laminaria Japonica, sansevieria trifasciata prain, jasmine petal, malt are pressed 10：1：2：3 mass ratios are mixed
Afterwards, rub, the clear water of 4 times of addition sea-tangle quality carries out defibrination, obtains slurries, then put into slurries ultrasonic anti-after cleaning
Answer in kettle, add the cellulase of grind slurries quality 1.6%, be heated to 36 DEG C, it is that 300W, frequency are to start ultrasonication power
30KHz, processing time is 40min, then carries out destroy the enzyme treatment, adds the brewer's yeast of grind slurries quality 0.88%, at 40 DEG C
Ferment 50min, then carries out sterilization treatment, obtains zymotic fluid, the sodium carbonate of its quality 0.2% is added into zymotic fluid, with
After 550r/min rotating speeds stirring 30min, 1h is stood, separation of solid and liquid is then carried out, obtains mixing liquid, produce required complex liquid；
(2) ground phosphate rock 6, dregs of beans 12, chicken manure 30, urea 4, grape pip powder 2, cow dung 46, bamboo leaf powder 3 are carried out uniformly by weight
After mixing, stacking, which is become thoroughly decomposed, to be handled 35 days, and when temperature reaches 40 DEG C in heap, throwing is turned in progress during becoming thoroughly decomposed, and then proceedes to become thoroughly decomposed, and is made
Cow dung is become thoroughly decomposed material；
(3) 1 is pressed：Complex liquid made from step (1) is sprayed on cow dung and become thoroughly decomposed in material by 40 mass ratios, is stirred, is stood
After 30min, organic fertilizer is obtained.
Described to topdress, topdress middle nitrogenous fertilizer for the first time：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer mass ratio is 5：3：2；Topdress middle nitrogenous fertilizer for the second time：
Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer mass ratio is 4：3：2；Topdress middle nitrogenous fertilizer for the third time：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer mass ratio is 3：3：2；Topdress for 4th time
Middle nitrogenous fertilizer：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer mass ratio is 2：3：2.
Embodiment 3
A kind of Walnut cultural method, comprises the following steps：
The management in brephic
The management of a plants then
(1) plant is to by the end of May, and will be watered when larger arid drought resisting, and mass fraction is used daily for 0.85% in germination-frondesce stage
Calcium chloride solution poured once, every plant of walnut pours 150mL；Rainy season timely ditch cleaning drainage；It is big in spring rainfall, it is cloudy
The rain time is long, rationally controls moisture；
(2) start fertilising material June, during June to September, monthly apply a urea, dose is each 52 grams every plant, and every plant of the l0 months apply
130 grams every plant of phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer；
(3) shaping：Pinching when nursery stock grows to 78 centimetres, 3 direction differences are selected and remain after germinateing, are made at a distance of 8 centimetres of strong buds
Major branch culture, is all erased in 3 other buds made within 6 centimetres of the vicinity of major branch culture bud；The bud for not influenceing major branch to grow
Pinching when growing to 19 centimetres；
It is extension branch growth that a front end bud is selected after 3 major branches pinching when growing to 43 centimetres left, branch, selects a bud work
For side shoot culture；Pinching when side shoot grows to 32 centimetres, extension branch grows to 42 centimetres of pinching；The method drawn using piling with rope,
Make three major branch distribution arrangements uniform, crotch angle is 45 degree or so；The bud of extension branch and collateral generation is not influenceed, according to its density journey
Degree, which is taken, to be erased or leaves：A bud is stayed at a distance of 19 centimetres, pinching is as auxiliary support branch culture when growing to 21 centimetres；
The b management of the 2nd~3 year
The Second Year spring all plucks buds, the 3rd year every plant of tree control 45 fruits of knot, while carrying out pruning and rich water
Management；
Pruning works：One is on the basis of upper 1 year, to be further cultured for a side shoot, each major branch is had two side shoots, one
Individual extension branch, sets just into " three nine " entirely；41 centimetres away from trunk of first side shoot, 52 centimetres away from the first side shoot of the second side shoot,
Using pinching, the methods such as branch are drawn to complete；Two be the both sides cultivation results branch group on side shoot, extension branch and major branch, using pinching, is turned round
The trimming gimmick such as send, be allowed to different size of fruit-bearing shoot cluster full of tree body space；The principle of fruit-bearing shoot cluster configuration is interior big outer small；
Interior close outer vegetable, size is interlocked, close without squeezing, and is dredged without sky；
Rich water quality management is fertilising and draining；Fertilising 1 year 4 times, 13 kilograms of the organic fertilizer that every plant is applied to become thoroughly decomposed after fall foliage, spring
Apply 130 grams of urea, every plant of mid or late May during rudiment and apply 110 grams of urea and phosphorate 55 grams of K composite fertilizer, every plant of August early and middle ten dayses for every plant
Apply phosphorate 90 grams of K composite fertilizer, every plant of early October of 110 grams of urea to apply 55 grams of urea and phosphorate 160 grams of K composite fertilizer, outside tree crown
Collarette shape buriing；
Adult period management
Start large result into the 4th year, reach the phase of abounding with the 6th year；Keep result with growth balance, rationally carry out fertilising and
Trimming；
Dose applies 58 grams of purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and each 30 grams of potassium oxide, 5.2 kilograms of organic fertilizer by every square metre of hat width；Have
Machine fertilizer is in making base manure embedment before fall foliage；Topdress and carry out 4 times every year, first spends the budding period inferior to Walnut opener, and topdressing amount is accounted for entirely
The 50% of year topdressing amount；Second, inferior to early and middle ten dayses in June, accounts for the 25% of annual topdressing amount；Third time accounts for whole year in early and middle ten dayses in July
The 15% of dose；After 4th inferior to harvesting, the 10% of annual topdressing amount is accounted for；Watered after fertilising；
Trimming：One is the trimming of skeleton branch：This phase skeleton branch finalizes the design almost, and backbone's extension branch no longer stretches out, will during trimming
Extend branch using bud rejuvenation on branch, master branch is upper to stay branches and leaves more；The close crowded, juxtaposition of peripheral Zhiru interacts, and should remove
And retraction；Two be the rejuvenating of fruit-bearing shoot cluster：To be upgraded in time for weak fruit-bearing shoot cluster, method be cut off growth potential compared with
By force, to the branch of upper bit, by tree crown it is outer in order cultivate it is small, in, bough group；At no point in the update process, prosperous branch is controlled to give birth to
It is long；Three be to utilize the branch of excessive growth：The branch of excessive growth is taken it is free just stay, no empty just thin principle, the branch of excessive growth left carries out pinching, short
Cut etc. method culture branch group；Four be to remove useless branch：Overstocked, overlapping, intersection, disease pest, withered, thin and delicate branch are removed without exception.
The organic fertilizer is made up of following component by weight：
(1) being combined liquid and preparation method thereof is：Fresh Laminaria Japonica, sansevieria trifasciata prain, jasmine petal, malt are pressed 10：1：2：3 mass ratios are mixed
Afterwards, rub, the clear water of 4 times of addition sea-tangle quality carries out defibrination, obtains slurries, then put into slurries ultrasonic anti-after cleaning
Answer in kettle, add the cellulase of grind slurries quality 1.6%, be heated to 36 DEG C, it is that 300W, frequency are to start ultrasonication power
30KHz, processing time is 40min, then carries out destroy the enzyme treatment, adds the brewer's yeast of grind slurries quality 0.88%, at 40 DEG C
Ferment 50min, then carries out sterilization treatment, obtains zymotic fluid, the sodium carbonate of its quality 0.2% is added into zymotic fluid, with
After 550r/min rotating speeds stirring 30min, 1h is stood, separation of solid and liquid is then carried out, obtains mixing liquid, produce required complex liquid；
(2) ground phosphate rock 6, dregs of beans 12, chicken manure 30, urea 4, grape pip powder 2, cow dung 46, bamboo leaf powder 3 are carried out uniformly by weight
After mixing, stacking, which is become thoroughly decomposed, to be handled 35 days, and when temperature reaches 40 DEG C in heap, throwing is turned in progress during becoming thoroughly decomposed, and then proceedes to become thoroughly decomposed, and is made
Cow dung is become thoroughly decomposed material；
(3) 1 is pressed：Complex liquid made from step (1) is sprayed on cow dung and become thoroughly decomposed in material by 40 mass ratios, is stirred, is stood
After 30min, organic fertilizer is obtained.
Described to topdress, topdress middle nitrogenous fertilizer for the first time：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer mass ratio is 5：3：2；Topdress middle nitrogenous fertilizer for the second time：
Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer mass ratio is 4：3：2；Topdress middle nitrogenous fertilizer for the third time：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer mass ratio is 3：3：2；Topdress for 4th time
Middle nitrogenous fertilizer：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer mass ratio is 2：3：2.
Comparative example 1：Germination-frondesce stage is differed only in embodiment 1 to be poured once using clear water daily, every plant of core
Peach pours 150mL.
Comparative example 2：Organic fertilizer is differed only in using common decomposed cow dung with embodiment 1.
Experiment：Will be with batch walnut seedling, size is close, and the walnut seedling of healthy and strong no disease and pests harm is planted by identical seeding row spacing
Kind, plantation ground soil physico-chemical property is close, and rainwater illumination is identical, is divided into 5 size identicals experimental field, contrasts seedling percent
With abounding with phase yield：
Table 1
| Seedling percent % | Per mu yield kg | |
| Embodiment 1 | 98.6 | 650 |
| Embodiment 2 | 98.4 | 628 |
| Embodiment 3 | 98.5 | 632 |
| Comparative example 1 | 94.8 | 625 |
| Comparative example 2 | 98.3 | 565 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the sodium carbonate liquor of germination-frondesce stage sprinkling certain mass fraction can be certain in the inventive method
The survival rate of walnut seedling is improved in degree, the yield that walnut abounds with the phase can be significantly improved by applying the organic fertilizer of the invention prepared；
The dry walnut nutritious material contrast of table 2（Per hectogram）
| Iron mg | Zinc mg | Selenium μ g | |
| Embodiment average | 2.78 | 2.85 | 4.99 |
| Comparative example 2 | 2.78 | 2.20 | 4.71 |
| Control group | 2.76 | 2.17 | 4.62 |
Control group is that existing method plants walnut, and walnut species, planting site, distance between rows and hills, this experiment of rainwater uniform illumination are identical；
As can be seen from Table 2, the organic fertilizer used in the present invention can significantly improve the amount of Zn-ef ficiency in walnut, to a certain extent
Improve the amount of selenium element.
Walnut typically abounds with the phase for 70-80, and the application rationally carries out nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio preparation by annual four times
Topdress, walnut can be extended and abound with time phase 10-12% or so, so as to further improve the total output of walnut, improve economical
Benefit, changes each n-p-k ratio regular meeting walnut and abounds with phase extension most 8% or so.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of Walnut cultural method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
The management in brephic
The management of a plants then
(1) plant is to by the end of May, and will be watered when larger arid drought resisting, and mass fraction is used daily for 0.85% in germination-frondesce stage
Calcium chloride solution poured once, every plant of walnut pours 150mL；Rainy season timely ditch cleaning drainage；It is big in spring rainfall, it is cloudy
The rain time is long, rationally controls moisture；
(2) start fertilising material June, during June to September, monthly apply a urea, dose is each 52 grams every plant, and every plant of the l0 months apply
120~140 grams every plant of phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer；
(3) shaping：Pinching when nursery stock grows to 78 centimetres, selects and remain 3 direction differences, strong at a distance of 6~10 centimetres after germinateing
Bud makees major branch culture, is all erased in 3 other buds made within 5~8 centimetres of the vicinity of major branch culture bud；Major branch is not influenceed to give birth to
Pinching when growing to 18~20 centimetres of long bud；
It is extension branch growth that a front end bud is selected after 3 major branches pinching when growing to 42~44 centimetres left, branch, selects one
Bud is used as side shoot culture；Pinching when side shoot grows to 32 centimetres, extension branch grows to 40~45 centimetres of pinching；Drawn using piling with rope
Method, make three major branch distribution arrangements uniform, crotch angle is 45 degree or so；The bud of extension branch and collateral generation is not influenceed, according to
Its density degree, which is taken, to be erased or leaves：A bud is stayed at a distance of 18~20 centimetres, pinching is supported as auxiliary when growing to 20~22 centimetres
Branch culture；
The b management of the 2nd~3 year
The Second Year spring all plucks buds, the 3rd year every plant tree control 40~50 fruits of knot, while carry out pruning and
Rich water quality management；
Pruning works：One is on the basis of upper 1 year, to be further cultured for a side shoot, each major branch is had two side shoots, one
Individual extension branch, sets just into " three nine " entirely；40~42 centimetres away from trunk of first side shoot, the second side shoot away from the first side shoot 50~
54 centimetres, using pinching, the methods such as branch are drawn to complete；Two be the both sides cultivation results branch group on side shoot, extension branch and major branch, is used
Pinching, torsion send wait trimming gimmick, be allowed to different size of fruit-bearing shoot cluster be full of tree body space；The principle of fruit-bearing shoot cluster configuration is interior
It is big outer small；Interior close outer vegetable, size is interlocked, close without squeezing, and is dredged without sky；
Rich water quality management is fertilising and draining；Fertilising 1 year 4 times, 12~14 kilograms of the organic fertilizer that every plant is applied to become thoroughly decomposed after fall foliage,
During spring rudiment every plant apply 120~150 grams of urea, every plant of mid or late May apply 110 grams of urea phosphorate 55 grams of K composite fertilizer, in August
Every plant of the middle ten days applies phosphorate 90 grams of K composite fertilizer, every plant of early October of 110 grams of urea and applies 55 grams of urea and phosphorate 160 grams of K composite fertilizer,
In tree crown peripheral annular buriing；
Adult period management
Start large result into the 4th year, reach the phase of abounding with the 6th year；Keep result with growth balance, rationally carry out fertilising and
Trimming；
Dose applies 55~65 grams of purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and each 28~32 grams of potassium oxide, organic fertilizer 5.2 by every square metre of hat width
Kilogram；Organic fertilizer is in making base manure embedment before fall foliage；Topdress and carry out 4 times every year, first spends the budding period inferior to Walnut opener, topdresses
Amount accounts for the 50% of annual topdressing amount；Second, inferior to early and middle ten dayses in June, accounts for the 25% of annual topdressing amount；For the third time in early and middle ten dayses in July,
Account for the 15% of annual dose；After 4th inferior to harvesting, the 10% of annual topdressing amount is accounted for；Watered after fertilising；
Trimming：One is the trimming of skeleton branch：This phase skeleton branch finalizes the design almost, and backbone's extension branch no longer stretches out, will during trimming
Extend branch using bud rejuvenation on branch, master branch is upper to stay branches and leaves more；The close crowded, juxtaposition of peripheral Zhiru interacts, and should remove
And retraction；Two be the rejuvenating of fruit-bearing shoot cluster：To be upgraded in time for weak fruit-bearing shoot cluster, method be cut off growth potential compared with
By force, to the branch of upper bit, by tree crown it is outer in order cultivate it is small, in, bough group；At no point in the update process, prosperous branch is controlled to give birth to
It is long；Three be to utilize the branch of excessive growth：The branch of excessive growth is taken it is free just stay, no empty just thin principle, the branch of excessive growth left carries out pinching, short
Cut etc. method culture branch group；Four be to remove useless branch：Overstocked, overlapping, intersection, disease pest, withered, thin and delicate branch are removed without exception.
2. a kind of Walnut cultural method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the organic fertilizer by weight by
Following component is made：
(1) being combined liquid and preparation method thereof is：Fresh Laminaria Japonica, sansevieria trifasciata prain, jasmine petal, malt are pressed 10：1：2：3 mass ratios are mixed
Afterwards, rub, the clear water of 4 times of addition sea-tangle quality carries out defibrination, obtains slurries, then put into slurries ultrasonic anti-after cleaning
Answer in kettle, add the cellulase of grind slurries quality 1.6%, be heated to 36 DEG C, it is that 300W, frequency are to start ultrasonication power
30KHz, processing time is 40min, then carries out destroy the enzyme treatment, adds the brewer's yeast of grind slurries quality 0.88%, at 40 DEG C
Ferment 50min, then carries out sterilization treatment, obtains zymotic fluid, the sodium carbonate of its quality 0.2% is added into zymotic fluid, with
After 550r/min rotating speeds stirring 30min, 1h is stood, separation of solid and liquid is then carried out, obtains mixing liquid, produce required complex liquid；
(2) ground phosphate rock 6, dregs of beans 12, chicken manure 30, urea 4, grape pip powder 2, cow dung 46, bamboo leaf powder 3 are carried out uniformly by weight
After mixing, stacking, which is become thoroughly decomposed, to be handled 35 days, and when temperature reaches 40 DEG C in heap, throwing is turned in progress during becoming thoroughly decomposed, and then proceedes to become thoroughly decomposed, and is made
Cow dung is become thoroughly decomposed material；
(3) 1 is pressed：Complex liquid made from step (1) is sprayed on cow dung and become thoroughly decomposed in material by 40 mass ratios, is stirred, is stood
After 30min, organic fertilizer is obtained.
3. a kind of Walnut cultural method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described to topdress, in topdressing for the first time
Nitrogenous fertilizer：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer mass ratio is 5：3：2；Topdress middle nitrogenous fertilizer for the second time：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer mass ratio is 4：3：2；3rd
The secondary middle nitrogenous fertilizer that topdresses：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer mass ratio is 3：3：2；The 4th middle nitrogenous fertilizer that topdresses：Phosphate fertilizer：Potash fertilizer mass ratio is 2：
3：2.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108174738A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-19 | 天水市果树研究所 | A kind of management method of early-fruiting walnut tree |
| CN111557205A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-08-21 | 安徽水清木华生态科技股份有限公司 | Cultivation technology for early high yield of apocarya |
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| CN101595819A (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2009-12-09 | 保山市林业技术推广总站 | Improved variety of walnut seed selection and high-yield cultivating method |
| CN103430803A (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2013-12-11 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Shaping cultivation method of peach tree shape with three boughs and one center truck |
| CN103875495A (en) * | 2014-02-08 | 2014-06-25 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业发展有限公司 | Close-planting high-yield cultivation method for early bearing walnuts |
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| CN103430803A (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2013-12-11 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Shaping cultivation method of peach tree shape with three boughs and one center truck |
| CN103875495A (en) * | 2014-02-08 | 2014-06-25 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业发展有限公司 | Close-planting high-yield cultivation method for early bearing walnuts |
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| CN108174738A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-19 | 天水市果树研究所 | A kind of management method of early-fruiting walnut tree |
| CN111557205A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-08-21 | 安徽水清木华生态科技股份有限公司 | Cultivation technology for early high yield of apocarya |
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Application publication date: 20170919 |