CN107155982B - Leech culture method - Google Patents
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- CN107155982B CN107155982B CN201710316388.XA CN201710316388A CN107155982B CN 107155982 B CN107155982 B CN 107155982B CN 201710316388 A CN201710316388 A CN 201710316388A CN 107155982 B CN107155982 B CN 107155982B
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- 241000545744 Hirudinea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 192
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000237536 Mytilus edulis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000020638 mussel Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000267222 Brasenia schreberi Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000006506 Brasenia schreberi Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000209490 Nymphaea Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000016791 Nymphaea odorata subsp odorata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009404 close breeding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 description 8
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000237678 Hirudinidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000237903 Hirudo Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238421 Arthropoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001752 female genitalia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012631 food intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010196 hermaphroditism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000260 male genitalia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a leech culture method, which comprises the following steps: putting the incubated leech seedlings in a static incubator; when the leech young seedlings are just hatched, putting open feed into the static incubator; carrying out primary grading feeding on the leech young seedlings every time the leech young seedlings grow for one year; raising the water level in the resting tank as the young leeches grow; increasing the food input amount in the resting box along with the growth of the leech larvae; and purifying the outside water by using a spare water tank and then conveying the outside water to the static culture box. The leech culturing method provided by the invention can avoid close breeding, ensure that leech seedlings eat food for the first time, ensure that leeches live in an environment suitable for growth all the time, improve the survival rate of the leeches and improve the economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, in particular to a leech cultivation method.
Background
Leeches, a general name of the phylum Hirudinidae of the phylum Arthropoda in animal classification. About 500 more species are known in the world, classified into 4 mesh. In China, 2 meshes, 8 families and 33 genera are shared, and nearly 100 varieties exist. Wherein part of species of the order Arundilidales, the family of medical hirudo, the family of hirudo and the family of Hirudinidae are closely related to human production and life.
In the leech breeding process, the yield and the economic benefit of artificially breeding leeches can be improved only by culturing the leech seeds and breeding adults, so that the key point of leech breeding is to master a breeding technology. The breeding of leeches mainly comprises three main links of mating, fertilization, spawning cocoons and hatching egg cocoons.
After hatching the eggs and cocoons of the leech, drilling young seedlings out of the cocoons from the eggs and the young seedlings of the leech grow for 10 days to be one year, and after the leech grows to be 4 years, gradually entering a sexual maturity stage, showing the leech in a oestrous and coupling state, and starting mating the leech. The leeches are hermaphrodite, female and male genitalia are arranged in each leech, namely any two leeches can mate, when young leeches grow, most of the young leeches are hatched by the egg cocoons of the same female leech, and the leeches generally mate nearby, so that the close-up propagation is easy to generate, the generated offspring has low immunity, and is easy to be ill and die. Furthermore, the first feeding after the leeches have hatched is even crucial for the young leeches. The newly hatched young leeches are not completely developed and have poor adaptability to the environment, and the young leeches are gathered together in a joy after being hatched, so that the young leeches are more difficult to eat for the first time, and a new method is needed for feeding the young leeches.
In addition, the requirement of the leech on the water body and the humidity of the air in the growth process are high, so that a new leech culture method is urgently needed to better and faster culture the leech.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a leech culturing method, which is used for culturing leeches more scientifically and reasonably, improving the survival rate of the leeches and improving the economic benefit.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a leech culturing method, which comprises the following steps:
putting the incubated leech seedlings in a static incubator;
when the leech young seedlings are just hatched, putting open feed into the static incubator;
carrying out primary grading feeding on the leech young seedlings every time the leech young seedlings grow for one year;
raising the water level in the resting tank as the young leeches grow;
increasing the food input amount in the resting box along with the growth of the leech larvae;
and purifying the outside water by using a spare water tank and then conveying the outside water to the static culture box.
Optionally, the graded feeding comprises the following steps:
first separate culture: providing n resting boxes, wherein m leech seedlings are arranged in each resting box;
and (5) second separate cultivation: providing 2n resting boxes, and dividing the leech seedlings in the n resting boxes into the leech seedlings
2n resting boxes;
and (3) carrying out separate culture for the third time: providing 4n resting boxes, and dividing the leech seedlings in the 2n resting boxes into the 4n resting boxes; at this time, each resting box had m/4 young leeches.
Fourth separate culturing: providing m/4 static culture boxes, and dividing the leech seedlings in the 4n static culture boxes into the m/4 static culture boxes, wherein 4/m leech seedlings in the first static culture box are firstly averagely divided into the m/4 static culture boxes, then 4/m leech seedlings in the second static culture box are averagely divided into the m/4 static culture boxes, and the like until m/4 leech seedlings in the 4n static culture box are averagely divided into the m/4 static culture boxes.
Wherein m and n are positive integers, and m is more than or equal to 16 n.
Optionally, the first culturing time is when the leech young seedlings grow to 1 year old.
Optionally, the time intervals between the first time of feeding, the second time of feeding, the third time of feeding and the fourth time of feeding are the same.
Optionally, the leech culturing method further comprises a method of artificial molting.
Optionally, the artificial molting method comprises spraying water in a resting box to increase the humidity in the air.
Optionally, the water level in the static pressure tank rises by 5-6cm every time the leech young seedlings grow for one year.
Optionally, when the young leeches grow to one year, the water level in the static culture tank is 9-11 cm.
Optionally, the static culture box is provided with aquatic plants, and the aquatic plants are water lily or water shield.
Optionally, the starter feed is powder made from various animals with fishy smell and crushed spiral or freshwater mussel.
Compared with the prior art, the leech culture method provided by the invention has the advantages that the leech young seedlings are subjected to four-stage culture, the leech young seedlings are gradually separated from the surrounding relatives, and the close-relative propagation is avoided; opening feeds are elaborately made for the young leeches which are just hatched, the young leeches are guaranteed to eat for the first time, and the feeding amount of the foods is changed at any time according to the growth of the young leeches; according to the growth of the leech young seedlings, the water level height in the resting tank is gradually increased, so that the leech can always live in an environment suitable for growth; meanwhile, in the process of resting the young leeches, the ecdysis growth of the young leeches is promoted by utilizing an artificial ecdysis mode; in order to ensure the water body environment for the growth of the leeches, the spare water pool is utilized to purify the water in the river pond and then feed the water into the culture pond, so that the water body environment can meet the requirement of the growth of the leeches, the survival rate of the leeches is improved, and the economic benefit is improved.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a leech culture method, which comprises the following steps:
putting the incubated leech seedlings in a static incubator;
when the leech young seedlings are just hatched, putting open feed into the static incubator;
carrying out primary grading feeding on the leech young seedlings every time the leech young seedlings grow for one year;
raising the water level in the resting tank as the young leeches grow;
increasing the food input amount in the resting box along with the growth of the leech larvae;
and purifying the outside water by using a spare water tank and then conveying the outside water to the static culture box.
Specifically, after the young leeches are hatched, the young leeches are placed in a static rearing box, because the young leeches are difficult to eat, open feed is required to be put into the static rearing box to promote the young leeches to eat for the first time, the open feed is preferably powder made of various animals with fishy smell and crushed spiral shells or mussels, and the animals with fishy smell can be shrimps, fish crabs and the like. Feeding the mixture of powder and crushed snail or freshwater mussel for four days and feeding the crushed snail or freshwater mussel for six days in 10 days of age 1.
The food intake of the young leeches is gradually increased along with the growth of the young leeches, so that the food input amount needs to be gradually increased along with the growth of the young leeches. When the leech seedlings are 1 year old, feeding the leech seedlings with a feed amount of 4 leech seedlings eating one snail; when the leech seedlings grow to 2 years old, increasing the feeding amount, and feeding the leech seedlings by the feeding amount of one snail eaten by 2 leech seedlings; feeding small snails (young snails) when the leech seedlings grow to 3 years old, and feeding 1 leech seedling with the feed amount of one young snail in one day; feeding medium and small spiral shells when the young leeches grow to 4 years old, wherein 1 young leech is fed with one spiral shell in one day; feeding big spiral shell when the young leeches grow to 5 years and above, and feeding 1 young leech with the feed amount of one spiral shell in one day. For convenience of description, the feeding amount of the young leeches at different stages is described only by taking the snails as an example, and it is understood that this does not affect the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art.
The method comprises the following steps of carrying out graded feeding on young leeches once every time the young leeches grow for one year, wherein the graded feeding comprises the following steps:
first separate culture: providing n resting boxes, wherein m leech seedlings are arranged in each resting box;
and (5) second separate cultivation: providing 2n resting boxes, and dividing the leech seedlings in the n resting boxes into the 2n leech resting boxes;
and (3) carrying out separate culture for the third time: providing 4n resting boxes, and dividing the leech seedlings in the 2n resting boxes into the 4n resting boxes; at this time, each resting box had m/4 young leeches.
Fourth separate culturing: providing m/4 static culture boxes, and dividing the leech seedlings in the 4n static culture boxes into the m/4 static culture boxes, wherein 4/m leech seedlings in the first static culture box are firstly averagely divided into the m/4 static culture boxes, then 4/m leech seedlings in the second static culture box are averagely divided into the m/4 static culture boxes, and the like until m/4 leech seedlings in the 4n static culture box are averagely divided into the m/4 static culture boxes.
Wherein m and n are positive integers, and m is more than or equal to 16 n.
Specifically, when the first separate cultivation is carried out, all the young leeches are separately cultivated into n separate cultivation boxes, each of the separate cultivation boxes is provided with m young leeches, preferably, the first separate cultivation is carried out when the young leeches grow to 1 year old, for the convenience of expression, the subsequent time of the second separate cultivation, the third separate cultivation and the fourth separate cultivation takes the 1 year old of the first separate cultivation as a reference, and it can be understood that the understanding of the invention by the technicians in the field is not influenced.
And (3) performing secondary separate culture when the leech seedlings grow to 2 years old, and separating the leech seedlings in the n static culture boxes into 2n static culture boxes, wherein each static culture box is provided with m/2 leech seedlings. Preferably, during the second time of separate culture, the leech seedlings in the n static culture boxes can be randomly separated into 2n static culture boxes, and half of the m leech seedlings can be separated and fed into an empty static culture box.
When the young leeches grow to 3 years old, carrying out third separate culture, and separating the young leeches in the 2n static culture boxes into 4n static culture boxes, wherein each static culture box is provided with m/2 young leeches, preferably, when carrying out third separate culture, randomly separating the young leeches in the 2n static culture boxes into 4n static culture boxes, and also separating half of the m/2 young leeches into empty static culture boxes.
When the young leeches grow to 4 years old, carrying out fourth separate culture, dividing the young leeches into which the 4n static culture boxes are divided into m/4 static culture boxes, when carrying out fourth separate culture, firstly, averagely dividing 4/m young leeches into the m/4 static culture boxes in the first static culture box, then, averagely dividing 4/m young leeches into the m/4 static culture boxes in the second static culture box, and so on until the m/4 young leeches in the 4n static culture boxes are averagely divided into the m/4 static culture boxes.
And m and n are positive integers, and m is more than or equal to 16 n.
Preferably, the time intervals between the first time of feeding, the second time of feeding, the third time of feeding and the fourth time of feeding are equal, and more preferably, the time intervals are 1 year old.
The box of keeping silent all be same specification, the inside of keeping silent all has warm light lamp for supply heat for the leech seedling.
The static culture box is also provided with aquatic plants, the deep-water plants are preferably water lily or water shield, the roots of the water lily or the water shield can adsorb and filter particles in water, and the fungi around the roots can decompose organic matters in the water and can absorb inorganic matters, including toxic heavy metals such as lead, benzene and the like, so that the water quality is purified; meanwhile, the feed can provide the blue juice feed necessary for the growth of the young leeches.
Due to the poor adaptability of the young leeches, the water level in the static culture tank also needs to be flexibly set. The water level in the resting tank rises along with the growth of the leeches. Preferably, when the leech young seedlings are 1 year old, the water depth in the static culture tank is 9-11 cm; when the leech young seedlings are 2 years old, the water depth in the resting box is 14-16 cm; when the leech young seedlings are 3 years old, the water depth in the resting box is 19-21 cm; and when the leech young seedlings grow for one year, the water depth is increased by 5-6 cm. When the leech grows up, the water depth is 65-75 cm.
In addition, the leech young seedlings are sensitive to the environment of the water body, the water in the conventional river or pond is difficult to meet the requirement for the growth of the leech due to environmental pollution, a spare water pool is preferably arranged outside the static culture room, the water in the spare water pool is extracted from the peripheral river or pond, and the extracted water is purified in the spare water pool and then is delivered to the static culture room, so that the environment of the water body can meet the requirement for the growth of the leech.
The young leech grows once, the ecdysis needs to be carried out once, and the faster the young leech ecdysis is, the faster the young leech grows. Preferably, when the weather is dry, artificial molting can be adopted to help the leeches to molt, and the artificial molting is realized by spraying water in a static culture box to increase the humidity in the air and promote the molting growth of the leeches.
In conclusion, the leech culture method provided by the invention adopts four-stage culture on the leech young seedlings, so that the leech young seedlings are gradually separated from the peripheral relatives, and the close-relative propagation is avoided; opening feeds are elaborately made for the young leeches which are just hatched, the young leeches are guaranteed to eat for the first time, and the feeding amount of the foods is changed at any time according to the growth of the young leeches; according to the growth of the leech young seedlings, the water level height in the resting tank is gradually increased, so that the leech can always live in an environment suitable for growth; meanwhile, in the process of resting the young leeches, the ecdysis growth of the young leeches is promoted by utilizing an artificial ecdysis mode; in order to ensure the water body environment for the growth of the leeches, the spare water pool is utilized to purify the water in the river pond and then feed the water into the culture pond, so that the water body environment can meet the requirement of the growth of the leeches, the survival rate of the leeches is improved, and the economic benefit is improved.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (9)
1. A leech culturing method comprises the following steps:
putting the incubated leech seedlings in a static incubator;
when the leech young seedlings are just hatched, putting open feed into the static incubator;
carrying out primary grading feeding on the leech young seedlings every time the leech young seedlings grow for one year;
raising the water level in the resting tank as the young leeches grow;
increasing the food input amount in the resting box along with the growth of the leech larvae;
purifying outside water by using a spare water pool and then leading the purified water to the static culture box;
the time of each leech growing for one year is 10 days, the first separate cultivation is carried out when the leech seedlings grow to 1 year, and the time of the second separate cultivation, the third separate cultivation and the fourth separate cultivation takes the 1 year of the first separate cultivation as a reference;
wherein the graded feeding comprises the following steps:
first separate culture: providing n resting boxes, wherein m leech seedlings are arranged in each resting box;
and (5) second separate cultivation: providing 2n resting boxes, and dividing the leech seedlings in the n resting boxes into the leech seedlings
2n resting boxes;
and (3) carrying out separate culture for the third time: providing 4n resting boxes, and dividing the leech seedlings in the 2n resting boxes into the 4n resting boxes; at the moment, each resting box is provided with m/4 leech seedlings;
fourth separate culturing: providing m/4 static culture boxes, and dividing the leech seedlings in the 4n static culture boxes into the m/4 static culture boxes, wherein m/4 leech seedlings in the first static culture box are firstly averagely divided into the m/4 static culture boxes, then m/4 leech seedlings in the second static culture box are averagely divided into the m/4 static culture boxes, and the like, until m/4 leech seedlings in the 4n static culture box are averagely divided into the m/4 static culture boxes;
wherein m and n are positive integers, and m is more than or equal to 16 n.
2. The leech cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the first separate cultivation is performed when the leech fry grows to 1 year old.
3. The leech cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the time interval between the first feeding, the second feeding, the third feeding and the fourth feeding is the same.
4. The leech cultivation method according to claim 1, further comprising a method of artificial molting.
5. The leech culturing method according to claim 4, wherein the artificial molting method is to spray water in a resting tank to increase the humidity in the air.
6. Leech cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the water level in the resting tank rises 5-6cm per growth and age of the young leeches.
7. The leech culturing method according to claim 6, wherein the water level in the resting tank is 9-11cm when the young leeches grow to one year.
8. The leech cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the static rearing box is provided with aquatic plants, and the aquatic plants are water lily or water shield.
9. The leech farming method according to claim 1, wherein the starter feed is a powder made of a plurality of animals having a fishy smell and a ground spiral shell or a freshwater mussel.
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| CN201710316388.XA CN107155982B (en) | 2017-05-08 | 2017-05-08 | Leech culture method |
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| CN113519419A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-10-22 | 安徽冠禅生物科技有限公司 | Method for culturing low-level leeches in greenhouse |
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