CN107114324B - Method for breeding quasipaa spinosa by using vitamin-rich yellow mealworms - Google Patents
Method for breeding quasipaa spinosa by using vitamin-rich yellow mealworms Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
- A61K31/07—Retinol compounds, e.g. vitamin A
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for breeding quasipaa spinosa by using vitamin-rich tenebrio molitor, belonging to the technical field of breeding. A method for culturing Rana spinosa with vitamin-rich Tenebrio molitor comprises feeding Tenebrio molitor to a fixed feeding table every evening; the invention improves the deposition amount of vitamin A in the living feed yellow mealworm of Rana spinosa, so that the Rana spinosa indirectly obtains sufficient vitamin A, the vitamin A participates in the synthesis of glycoprotein and promotes the synthesis of immunoglobulin, thereby regulating the metabolic function of the Rana spinosa body, enhancing the disease resistance of the Rana spinosa body, improving the immunity and relieving the occurrence of skin rot.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating quasipaa spinosa by using vitamin-rich yellow mealworms.
Background
Tenebrio molitor, also called Tenebrio molitor, belongs to the genus Tenebrio (Walker) of the family Piropteraceae, the order Coleoptera, on the taxonomic order of insects. The dried yellow mealworm contains 30% of fat, more than 50% of protein, and also contains macroelements such as phosphorus, potassium, iron, sodium, aluminum and the like and a plurality of trace elements. Because the dry tenebrio molitor larvae contain about 40 percent of protein, the pupae contain 57 percent of protein and the imagoes contain 60 percent of protein, the dry tenebrio molitor larvae are known as a protein feed treasury. Because the feed is rich in protein (the larva protein content is 48-59%), the feed is a high-quality animal protein source, has high nutritive value, wide feed source, high feed conversion rate and lower production cost, is easy to carry out large-scale feeding, and is widely used as a food additive and living bait for special economic animals such as turtles, stone frogs, ornamental birds, fishes and the like.
Tenebrio molitor, Arthropoda, pteroidea and Coleoptera, the adult digestive tract is short, the midgut is developed, β -glycosidase separated from midgut tissue belongs to l-glycoside hydrolase, nucleophilic reagent E379 and proton donor El69 participate in amino acid contact reaction, and can hydrolyze disaccharide, aromatic glycoside, oligocellodextrin and laminarin polymer, and β -glycosidase 2, β -glycosidase 3 and β -glycosidase 4 can also hydrolyze disaccharide, cellosolve and β -glucoside and galactose ester synthesized in plants, but the utilization rate of vitamin trace organic matters by polypide is low, and the polypide is easy to deposit in vivo.
The large-scale cultivation of yellow mealworms still uses wheat bran as main feed at present, fresh vegetables and melon (fruit) peels are used as auxiliary materials to supplement water, and the feed density is 3.5-6kg/m2Preferably, the insect bodies are screened every 3 to 5 days. At present, the breeding research of the yellow mealworms generally mainly aims at promoting the development, improving the reproductive capacity and reducing the breeding cost, and a method for carrying out biological enriched breeding on vitamins by taking the yellow mealworms as a carrier is not reported.
Rana spinosa is mainly distributed in the south of China, and is a rare food material and medicinal material for growth in hilly and mountainous areas. Due to climate change, artificial capture and other reasons, wild resources of quasipaa spinosa are increasingly exhausted, and artificial breeding of quasipaa spinosa is promoted. In recent years, the cultivation scale of rana spinosa is rapidly expanding, and the rana spinosa industry chain is formed. However, under the condition of artificial breeding, due to the change of environmental conditions, the stocking density is high, the feeding amount is large, the water quality is easy to deteriorate, the germplasm is degraded, and the occurrence frequency of frog diseases is improved. The skin rot disease is a disease with extremely high morbidity in the current quasipaa spinosa breeding process, once the disease occurs, the spread is very fast, a large number of quasipaa spinosa can be ill at the same time, and the disease is difficult to control. The skin rot spreads very fast, and the death rate is up to 91%, which is the most troublesome disease causing death of Rana spinosa.
In the prior art, cod-liver oil and vitamin A capsules are added in the breeding process to prevent the skin rot, but link animals such as yellow mealworms and earthworms are taken as staple food for frogs and adult frogs, the dosage of the vitamin A is difficult to control, the actual absorption rate and the utilization rate of the vitamin A are low, the water quality is polluted, and the feeding cost in the adult frog stage is high. Therefore, there is a need to develop new methods for preventing the occurrence of rana spinosa diseases.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating Rana spinosa by using vitamin-rich yellow mealworms, which is simple, can effectively enrich vitamins in yellow mealworms and can effectively prevent diseases of Rana spinosa.
A method for breeding yellow mealworms comprises the following steps:
1) larva breeding: feeding the yellow mealworms to the age stage according to a conventional method, wherein the feed comprises 68% of wheat bran, 22% of corn flour, 5% of soybean flour, 0.5% of salt and 4.5% of water-containing green vegetables by weight, the feed is fed in an amount of 15% -20% of the total mass of the yellow mealworms every 3-5 days, and the feeding density is 3.5-6kg/m2Controlling the feeding temperature to be 24-30 ℃, controlling the relative humidity to be 60-75%, and carrying out manure screening treatment every 3-5 days;
2) feeding rich in vitamins: transferring the older yellow mealworms into a special feeding box, wherein the feed comprises 68% of wheat bran, 22% of corn flour, 5% of soybean flour, 0.5% of salt and 4.5% of water-containing green vegetables by weight, vitamin A tablet powder is added simultaneously, the addition amount of the vitamin A tablet powder is 4.3-4.5% of the total feed weight, the feed is put once every 3 days, and the feeding density is 3.5-6kg/m2And continuously feeding for 18-20 days and then harvesting.
Preferably, the feed is added in the step 1) in an amount of 18% of the total mass of the polypide, and the feed is added once every 5 days.
Preferably, the feeding density in the step 1) and the step 2) is 3.5kg/m2.。
Preferably, the step 1) is performed with manure screening treatment every 3 days.
Preferably, the addition amount of the vitamin A tablet powder in the step 1) is 4.3 percent of the total feed weight.
A method for cultivating Rana spinosa with vitamin-rich yellow mealworms comprises the following steps: yellow mealworms rich in vitamins are placed on a fixed feeding table every evening, and the daily feeding amount is 5-7% of the weight of frogs.
Preferably, the feeding amount of the vitamin-rich yellow mealworms is 6% of the frog weight.
As a preferred technical scheme, the method for cultivating the quasipaa spinosa by the vitamin-rich yellow mealworms comprises the following steps:
1) yellow meal larva breeding: feeding the yellow mealworms to the age stage according to a conventional method, wherein the feed comprises 68% of wheat bran, 22% of corn flour, 5% of soybean flour, 0.5% of salt and 4.5% of water-containing green vegetables by weight, the feed is fed in an amount of 15% -20% of the total mass of the yellow mealworms every 3-5 days, and the feeding density is 3.5-6kg/m2Controlling the feeding temperature to be 24-30 ℃, controlling the relative humidity to be 60-75%, and carrying out manure screening treatment every 3-5 days;
2) breading yellow mealworms rich in vitamins: transferring the older yellow mealworms into a special feeding box, wherein the feed comprises 68% of wheat bran, 22% of corn flour, 5% of soybean flour, 0.5% of salt and 4.5% of water-containing green vegetables by weight, vitamin A tablet powder is added simultaneously, the addition amount of the vitamin A tablet powder is 4.3-4.5% of the total feed weight, the feed is put once every 3 days, and the feeding density is 3.5-6kg/m2Continuously feeding for 18-20 days and then harvesting;
3) placing the yellow mealworms harvested in the step 2) on a fixed feeding table every evening, wherein the daily feeding amount is 5% -7% of the weight of the frogs, and the daily feeding amount is preferably 6% of the weight of the frogs.
The yellow mealworm has a simple structure, is low in utilization rate of trace organic substances in a body and easy to deposit, and the vitamin A tablet powder is added into the feed, so that the immunity of the yellow mealworm is improved, and simultaneously, a large amount of vitamin A in the yellow mealworm is enriched.
Because young frogs and adult frogs take the yellow mealworms as staple food, the quasipaa spinosa can obtain vitamin A by eating the yellow mealworms and fully absorb the required energy and the supplemented vitamin, thereby enhancing the body constitution of the frogs, improving the immunity of the frogs and reducing the possibility of suffering from skin rot and infection. The invention improves the deposition amount of vitamin A in the living feed yellow mealworm of Rana spinosa, so that the Rana spinosa indirectly obtains sufficient vitamin A, the vitamin A participates in the synthesis of glycoprotein and promotes the synthesis of immunoglobulin, thereby regulating the metabolic function of the Rana spinosa body, enhancing the disease resistance of the Rana spinosa body, improving the immunity and relieving the occurrence of skin rot.
The yellow mealworm rich in microorganisms prepared by the method can also be used as living body bait of special economic animals such as turtles, stone frogs, ornamental birds, fishes and the like, so that the resistance of the relevant economic animals is improved, and the occurrence of diseases is prevented.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the prevalence of Rana spinosa fed with different feeds in example 4.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Breeding research of vitamin-rich yellow mealworms
1) Larva breeding: feeding yellow meal worm to the age stage by conventional method with feed comprising wheat bran 68%, corn flour 22%, soybean flour 5%, salt 0.5%, and water-containing green vegetables 4.5%, the feeding amount is 18% of total mass of worm body, the feeding is performed once every 5 days, and the feeding density is 3.5kg/m2Controlling the feeding temperature of the worm bodies at 26 ℃ and the relative humidity at 70%, and carrying out excrement screening treatment every 3 days; raising yellow meal worm to about 1.5 cm.
2) Feeding rich in vitamins: 1400 g (about 1.5 cm) of the larvae in the same age are transferred into a special breeding box and divided into seven groups, and each group comprises 200 g of larvae in the same age. The feed comprises wheat bran 68%, corn flour 22%, soybean flour 5%, salt 0.5%, and water-containing green vegetables 4.5%. A first group: blank control, tenebrio molitor feed formula did not do any treatment. Second group: and vitamin A tablet powder is added, and accounts for 1% of the total feed mass. Third group: and vitamin A tablet powder is added, and accounts for 2% of the total feed mass. And a fourth group: and vitamin A tablet powder is added, and accounts for 3% of the total feed mass. And a fifth group: and vitamin A tablet powder is added, and accounts for 4% of the total feed mass. A sixth group: adding vitaminThe A tablet powder accounts for 5 percent of the total feed mass. A seventh group: the vitamin tablet A powder is added, and accounts for 6 percent of the total feed mass. The feed is thrown once every 3 days, and the feeding density is 3.5kg/m2Controlling the feeding temperature of the worm bodies at 26 ℃ and the relative humidity at 70%, and carrying out excrement screening treatment every 3 days; the yellow mealworms of each group are bred for 18 days and then collected (about 2.5 cm).
3) The vitamin detection of the yellow mealworms adopts a normal-phase high performance liquid chromatography method, and the mobile phase comprises the following steps: n-hexane-isopropanol volume ratio (99.7: 0.3); the flow rate is 0.8 ml/min; the column temperature is room temperature, and the ultraviolet detection wavelength is 325 nm. The sample was dissolved in n-hexane, and the injection volume was 20 ul. The mobile phase was degassed ultrasonically before use and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Table 1 shows that the vitamin A deposition amount in the first group of tenebrio molitor is the lowest, and the vitamin A deposition amounts in the other experimental groups are increased to different degrees, wherein the deposition amount in the fifth group is the highest.
Example 2
Research on optimum feed formula of yellow mealworms
The experiment of step 1) in example 1 was repeated, 1000 g of the same-instar larvae (about 1.5 cm) were divided into 5 groups, and the experiments were performed for group A, group B, group C, group D and group E, wherein the vitamin A tablet powder in the feed formulation for each group of tenebrio molitor was set to 4.1%, 4.3%, 4.5%, 4.7% and 4.9% of the total feed mass, respectively, and the rest conditions were unchanged, and each group of tenebrio molitor was bred for 18 days (about 2.5 cm) and then harvested to determine the vitamin A content.
TABLE 2
Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D | Group E | |
Vitamin A content | 658mg/KG | 701mg/KG | 687mg/KG | 669mg/KG | 659mg/KG |
The experimental result shows that the vitamin A deposition amount in the yellow mealworms in the group B is the highest.
Example 3
Preparation method of vitamin-rich tenebrio molitor
1) Larva breeding: feeding yellow meal worm to the age stage by conventional method with feed comprising wheat bran 68%, corn flour 22%, soybean flour 5%, salt 0.5%, and water-containing green vegetables 4.5%, the feeding amount is 18% of total mass of worm body, the feeding is performed once every 5 days, and the feeding density is 3.5kg/m2Controlling the feeding temperature of the worm bodies at 26 ℃ and the relative humidity at 70%, and carrying out excrement screening treatment every 3 days; raising yellow meal worm to about 1.5 cm.
2) Feeding rich in vitamins: 1400 g (about 1.5 cm) of the larvae in the same age are transferred into a special breeding box and divided into seven groups, and each group comprises 200 g of larvae in the same age. The feed comprises 68% of wheat bran, 22% of corn flour, 5% of soybean flour, 0.5% of salt and 4.5% of water-containing green vegetables, and vitamin A tablet powder is added, wherein the addition amount of the vitamin A tablet powder is 4.3% of the total feed weight, the feed is put once every 3 days, and the feeding density is 3.5kg/m2The temperature of the worm body and the feeding temperature are controlled at 26 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlledThe preparation is carried out at 70 percent, and excrement screening treatment is carried out every 3 days; harvesting after 18 days (about 2.5 cm) to obtain yellow mealworms rich in vitamins, wherein the average content of vitamin A in the yellow mealworms is 703 mg/KG.
Example 4
Research on morbidity of quasipaa spinosa fed with different feeds
1) Experimental materials: the original Mao culture technology service company of Rana spinosa frogs (less than 100 g) in Zhoushan city.
2) The experimental method comprises the following steps: the main symptoms of grouping and treating diseased froglets are loss of luster and white spots on the skin of the froglets at the early stage, back, limbs and the like, and shedding and rotting of the epidermis.
Experimental groups: randomly picking 30 healthy young frogs without diseases, placing the yellow mealworms rich in vitamin feed prepared in example 3 to a fixed feeding table every evening, wherein the daily feeding amount is about 6 percent of the weight of the frogs.
Control group: randomly picking 30 healthy young frogs without diseases, and placing the yellow mealworms obtained by ordinary feeding to a fixed feeding table every evening, wherein the daily feeding amount is about 6 percent of the weight of the frogs.
3) The experimental results are as follows: the number of surviving and diseased frogles per group was counted and recorded at day 0, day 60, day 120, day 150, respectively, and the survival rate and prevalence rate were calculated. The results are shown in Table 3 and FIG. 1.
TABLE 3
Day 0 | Day 60 | Day 120 | Day 180 | |
Experimental group | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 |
Control group | 30 | 29 | 20 | 13 |
The experimental result shows that the quasipaa spinosa indirectly obtains sufficient vitamin A by improving the deposition amount of the vitamin A in the yellow mealworm, reduces the morbidity of the skin rot disease and achieves the purpose of preventing and treating the skin rot disease. The utilization rate of the worm body to the vitamin micro organic matters is low, and the worm body is easy to deposit in the body. The tenebrio molitor feed is simple in structure, bran, corn flour and green vegetables are mainly used, the proportion of the vitamin A is increased on the basis of the original feed structure, the deposited vitamin A is absorbed by frog bodies through ingestion of quasipaa spinosas, and the occurrence of skin rot is effectively relieved.
The technical scope of the invention claimed by the embodiments of the present application is not exhaustive, and new technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement of single or multiple technical features in the technical solutions of the embodiments are also within the scope of the invention claimed by the present application; in all the embodiments of the present invention, which are listed or not listed, each parameter in the same embodiment only represents an example (i.e., a feasible embodiment) of the technical solution, and there is no strict matching and limiting relationship between the parameters, wherein the parameters may be replaced with each other without departing from the axiom and the requirements of the present invention, unless otherwise specified.
The technical means disclosed by the scheme of the invention are not limited to the technical means disclosed by the technical means, and the technical scheme also comprises the technical scheme formed by any combination of the technical characteristics. While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made in the embodiments without departing from the principles of the invention, and that such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for cultivating Rana spinosa by using vitamin-rich yellow mealworms is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) yellow meal larva breeding: feeding the yellow mealworms to the age stage according to a conventional method, wherein the feed comprises 68% of wheat bran, 22% of corn flour, 5% of soybean flour, 0.5% of salt and 4.5% of water-containing green vegetables by weight, the feed is fed in an amount of 15% -20% of the total mass of the yellow mealworms every 3-5 days, and the feeding density is 3.5-6kg/m2Controlling the feeding temperature to be 24-30 ℃, controlling the relative humidity to be 60-75%, and carrying out manure screening treatment every 3-5 days;
2) breading yellow mealworms rich in vitamins: transferring the older yellow mealworms into a special feeding box, wherein the feed comprises 68% of wheat bran, 22% of corn flour, 5% of soybean flour, 0.5% of salt and 4.5% of water-containing green vegetables by weight, vitamin A tablet powder is added simultaneously, the addition amount of the vitamin A tablet powder is 4.3-4.5% of the total feed weight, the feed is put once every 3 days, and the feeding density is 3.5-6kg/m2Continuously feeding for 18-20 days and then harvesting;
3) placing the yellow mealworms harvested in the step 2) on a fixed feeding table every evening, wherein the daily feeding amount is 5% -7% of the weight of the frogs;
wherein the adding amount in the step 1) is 18 percent of the total mass of the polypide, and the adding is carried out once every 5 days; the feeding density in the step 1) and the step 2) is 3.5kg/m2.(ii) a Screening manure once every 3 days in the step 1); the addition amount of the vitamin A tablet powder in the step 1) is 4.3 percent of the total feed weight.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the daily feeding amount of Rana spinosa is 6% by weight of Rana spinosa.
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CN101669457A (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2010-03-17 | 四川农业大学 | Cultivating method of selenium-rich yellow mealworm |
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