CN107821258B - Method for artificial breeding of gramineous insects - Google Patents
Method for artificial breeding of gramineous insects Download PDFInfo
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- CN107821258B CN107821258B CN201711087258.XA CN201711087258A CN107821258B CN 107821258 B CN107821258 B CN 107821258B CN 201711087258 A CN201711087258 A CN 201711087258A CN 107821258 B CN107821258 B CN 107821258B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/40—Culture of aquatic animals of annelids, e.g. lugworms or Eunice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for artificially propagating graminids. The method adopts the steps of parent insect cultivation, insemination, incubation, seedling raising, cultivation and the like, has simple working procedures, quick timeliness, and high survival rate and yield; the feeding is scientific, the grass beetles are fed by adopting the leavening according to the growth characteristics of the grass beetles, and the grass beetles are fed by special feed after growing to a certain stage, so that sufficient nutrients can be provided for the growth of the grass beetles; the mannan-oligosaccharide and the bamboo shoot shell extract are used as antibiotics, so that the problems of drug resistance of the antibiotics easily caused by the cultured organisms, residue in the bodies of the gramineae insects and storage of microecological preparations are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for artificially propagating graminids.
Background
The Hemiaoshi named Misgurni filiformis belongs to the phylogenetic classification of Anridae, Aphidae, Nereidae and Nereis, and is also called Cordyceps in water, which has been regarded as dish in Zhujiang delta and has the medicinal effects of tonifying spleen and stomach, replenishing qi and blood, inducing diuresis and relieving swelling. The method is characterized in that the Zhujiang delta area always produces the rice worms, hundreds of jin of the rice worms can be caught once in the fifth sixties of the last century, the ecological environment of the rice worms is damaged in recent years due to the deterioration of the quality of the aquatic environment, the pollution of breeding pesticides, the manual mass catching and the like, the natural population resources decline, and the yield of the wild rice worms rises to some extent although the natural ecological environment restoration and protection of relevant departments are enhanced at present; the fields of the Zhuhai fighting gate, the Zhongshan Shenwan and the like begin to be cultivated roughly in an artificial pond, only a certain yield is achieved, and the yield of most of the seedlings in the beaches of the rice is only 20-50 jin/year in 2009. At present, wild and artificial breeding of the gramineae still cannot meet the market demand, so that the market price of the gramineae is high. Therefore, an artificial breeding technology of the graminids is urgently needed to improve the seedling quantity and the breeding yield of the graminids so as to protect the graminids resources and meet the consumption demands of markets for the graminids.
Chinese patent CN100420373C discloses a method for breeding wart rhynchophorus, which adopts an artificial breeding method comprising the steps of selecting and designing a seedling field, selecting breeding slurry and water in a breeding tank, preparing before fertilization, selecting seeds, fertilizing, stocking and feeding, but in the method, the feed for feeding the wart rhynchophorus young seedlings is not preferably designed, so that the growth and breeding of the wart rhynchophorus can be further influenced.
Chinese patent application CN106359208A discloses a method for breeding semi-artificial fry of grass carps on mudflats, which comprises the steps of parent selection, artificial insemination, artificial incubation, seedling pond preparation, artificial seedling and intensive breeding and the like, and helps grass carps to spend the period of the hardwoods larvae in modes of staged desalination, feeding and the like, but the feed for grass carps is simple, and auxiliary material components are not added basically, and the growth and development of the grass carps can be limited to a certain extent so as to influence the yield.
Although the successful synthesis of antibiotics can control the breeding of bacteria in a short time and improve the survival rate when the antibiotics are used as a fish feed additive, the antibiotics can cause the drug resistance or drug resistance of microorganisms inside and outside the fish body to the antibiotics, the breeding cost is increased due to the increase of the dosage, and the meat quality effect of aquatic products is also influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for artificially propagating graminids.
The invention relates to a method for artificially propagating gramineae insects, which comprises the following steps:
s1, parent insect cultivation: feeding the bred parent gramineae larva with feed I at 26-28 deg.C for 4-5 months;
s2, insemination: placing seedling raising water with the volume of 2/3 into a 30 x 20cm container, placing parent insects in the step S1 for artificial insemination, namely enabling the parent insects to fully swim and rub in the container, shearing maternal insects with scissors after 2 hours to discharge ova of the parent insects, discharging sperms by male insects at the same time to fertilize the ova to form fertilized eggs, and washing the ova when the fertilized eggs develop into four swimming spherical fertilized eggs;
s3, hatching: hatching fertilized eggs in hatching water with salinity of 8-10 per mill, temperature of 26-30 ℃ and pH value of 7.6-7.8;
s4, seedling culture and cultivation: transferring the larvae to a nursery pond for breeding when the larvae grow to the third larvae in the step S3, feeding feed II, transferring to a breeding beach for breeding after 10-30 days, feeding feed III, and breeding for 5-6 months.
Preferably, the feed I in the step S1 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 1-2 parts of betaine, 0.5-1.5 parts of luteolin and 0.5-1.5 parts of papain.
Preferably, the feed I consists of the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of soybean meal, 1.5 parts of betaine, 1 part of luteolin and 1 part of papain.
Preferably, the method for treating water for seedling raising described in step S2 includes: respectively weighing sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, boric acid, baking soda, potassium bromide and EDTA, and dissolving in water to make the salinity of the water for seedling culture reach 3-5 per thousand, wherein the mass ratio of the sodium chloride, the magnesium sulfate, the calcium chloride, the potassium chloride, the boric acid, the baking soda, the potassium bromide and the EDTA is 1000:400:60:28:15:3:2: 0.5.
Preferably, the feed II in the step S4 is prepared by performing aerobic fermentation on bacillus, spirulina powder, light and bacteria, yeast and water according to the mass ratio of 2:3:5:2:48 for 12-24 h.
Preferably, the feed III in the step S4 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of fish meal, 80-200 parts of corn flour, 20-40 parts of earthworm powder, 12-24 parts of fish oil, 4-8 parts of glutamine, 4-8 parts of antibiotics, 1-3 parts of methionine and 0.5-1.5 parts of choline chloride.
Preferably, the feed III consists of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of fish meal, 140 parts of corn flour, 30 parts of earthworm powder, 18 parts of fish oil, 6 parts of glutamine, 6 parts of antibiotic, 2 parts of methionine and 1 part of choline chloride.
Preferably, the antibiotic is composed of mannan-oligosaccharide and bamboo shoot shell extract according to a mass ratio of 2: 3.
Preferably, the preparation method of the bamboo shoot shell extract comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing 400g of dried bamboo shoot shells of 200 and 400g, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain bamboo shoot shell powder;
(2) adding 500-1000ml of distilled water into the bamboo shoot shell powder obtained in the step (1), soaking for 10-20min at 30-40 ℃, adding 0.4-0.8 wt% of plant cell lyase into the bamboo shoot shell powder under stirring, treating for 20-30min, and filtering to obtain filtrate A and residue A;
(3) adding ethanol with the mass 2-3 times of that of the residue A into the residue A obtained in the step (2), carrying out continuous countercurrent ultrasonic extraction at 50-60 ℃ for 1-2h, and filtering to obtain filtrate B;
(4) and (3) combining the filtrate A obtained in the step (2) and the filtrate B obtained in the step (3), concentrating and drying to obtain the compound.
Still preferably, the plant cell lyase in step (2) is composed of protease, pectinase and cellulase in a mass ratio of 1:4: 5.
Betaine CAS No.: 107-43-7; luteolin CAS number: 491-70-3; papain CAS No.: 9001-73-4; spirulina powder CAS number: 724424-92-4; fish meal CAS number: 97675-81-5; fish oil CAS no: 8016-13-5; glutamine CAS No.: 61348-28-5; mannooligosaccharide CAS number: 15548-39-7; protease CAS number: 9001-00-7; pectinase CAS No.: 9032-75-1; cellulase CAS number: 9012-54-8.
Luteolin is a natural flavonoid compound, exists in various plants, and has various pharmacological activities such as antiinflammatory, antiallergic, antibacterial and antivirus effects; glutamine can provide necessary nitrogen source for organism, promote the synthesis of protein in muscle cell, maintain acid-base balance, and has important immunoregulation function to promote the differentiation and proliferation of lymphocyte and macrophage and improve the capability of organism to resist adverse environment; methionine (chemical formula: C5H11O2NS) is an important amino acid, and animal feed added with methionine can help animals to grow rapidly in a short time; choline chloride (chemical formula: C5H14ClNO) is easy to be absorbed by animals, has higher absorption rate than choline, has small stimulation to animal organism tissues, and the choline deficiency can influence the metabolism of carotene and vitamin A, and a proper amount of choline added into the feed can achieve good feeding effect.
Mannan-oligosaccharide is a novel feed additive, has the function of regulating immunity, and overcomes the problems of bacterial drug resistance generated by antibiotics, residue in the bodies of gramineae insects and storage of microecological preparations; the bamboo shoot shell extract contains gallic acid, epicatechin, p-coumaric acid and other phenols, and has antioxidant and antibacterial activities and function of improving nonspecific immunity level of organism.
Cellulase is a generic term for a group of enzymes that can hydrolyze beta-1, 4-glucosidic bonds of cellulose to convert the cellulose into cellobiose and glucose, and cellulase, pectinase and protease degrade plant cell walls together to release protoplasts; the continuous countercurrent ultrasonic extraction adopts ultrasonic waves to increase the frequency and speed of molecular motion of substances and increase the penetrating power of a solvent, and in addition, the ultrasonic vibration can generate and transmit strong energy, and the generated mechanical action, emulsification, diffusion, smashing and the like are favorable for transferring effective components in plants.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the steps of parent insect cultivation, insemination, incubation, seedling raising, cultivation and the like are simple, the time effect is fast, and the survival rate and the yield are high; the feeding is scientific, and according to the growth characteristics of the gramineous insects, the gramineous insects are fed by adopting fermentation products firstly, and are fed by using special feed after growing to a certain stage, so that sufficient nutrients can be provided for the growth of the gramineous insects; the mannan oligosaccharide and the bamboo shoot shell extract are used as antibiotics, so that the problems of bacterial drug resistance generated by antibiotics, residue in gramineae and storage of microecological preparations are solved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are provided for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
Bacillus, light and bacteria and yeast were purchased from haida biotechnology ltd, guangzhou; corn flour was purchased from Ningbo Siyi commercial Co., Ltd; the earthworm powder is purchased from a six-earthworm culturing farm in south sea area of Guangdong Fushan city.
Example 1A method for the artificial propagation of cereal insects
The method for artificially breeding the gramineae comprises the following steps:
s1, parent insect cultivation: putting the bred parent gramineae larva into a condition with the temperature of 26 ℃ to feed a feed I consisting of 10 parts of soybean meal, 1 part of betaine, 0.5 part of luteolin and 0.5 part of papain in parts by weight, and feeding for 4 months;
s2, insemination: putting 2/3 volumes of seedling water with the dissolved salinity of 3 per thousand dissolved by sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, boric acid, baking soda, potassium bromide and EDTA into a 30 x 20cm container according to the mass ratio of 1000:400:60:28:15:3:2:0.5, putting the parent insects in the step S1 for artificial insemination, namely enabling the parent insects to fully move about and rub in the container, cutting the parent insects with scissors after 2 hours to discharge the ova, meanwhile, the male insects discharge sperms to fertilize the ova to form fertilized ova, and washing the ova when the fertilized ova develop into four swimming spherical fertilized ova;
s3, hatching: hatching fertilized eggs in hatching water with salinity of 8 per thousand, temperature of 26 ℃ and pH value of 7.6;
s4, seedling culture and cultivation: transferring the larvae to a seedling raising pool for breeding when the larvae grow to three segments in the step S3, feeding a feed II prepared by bacillus, spirulina powder, light and bacteria, saccharomycetes and water in a mass ratio of 2:3:5:2:48 through oxygen enrichment fermentation for 12 hours, transferring the feed II to a breeding beach for breeding after 10 days, feeding a feed III consisting of 20 parts of fish meal, 80 parts of corn flour, 20 parts of earthworm powder, 12 parts of fish oil, 4 parts of glutamine, 1.6 parts of mannan-oligosaccharide, 2.4 parts of bamboo shoot shell extract, 1 part of methionine and 0.5 part of choline chloride in parts by weight, and breeding for 5 months to obtain the feed.
The preparation method of the bamboo shoot shell extract comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing 200g of dried bamboo shoot shell, and sieving with 80 mesh sieve to obtain bamboo shoot shell powder;
(2) adding 500ml of distilled water into the bamboo shoot shell powder obtained in the step (1), soaking for 10min at 30 ℃, adding 0.4 wt% of plant cell lyase consisting of protease, pectinase and cellulase in a mass ratio of 1:4:5 into the bamboo shoot shell powder under stirring, treating for 20min, and filtering to obtain filtrate A and residue A;
(3) adding ethanol with the mass 2 times of that of the residue A into the residue A obtained in the step (2), carrying out continuous countercurrent ultrasonic extraction at 50 ℃ for 1h, and filtering to obtain filtrate B;
(4) and (3) combining the filtrate A obtained in the step (2) and the filtrate B obtained in the step (3), concentrating and drying to obtain the compound.
Example 2 an artificial propagation method for cereal insects
The method for artificially breeding the gramineae comprises the following steps:
s1, parent insect cultivation: putting the bred parent gramineae larva into a condition with the temperature of 27 ℃ for feeding, feeding a feed I consisting of 20 parts by weight of soybean meal, 15 parts by weight of soybean meal, 1.5 parts by weight of betaine, 1 part by weight of luteolin and 1 part by weight of papain, and feeding for 4 half months;
s2, insemination: putting 2/3 volumes of water for seedling raising with the salinity of 4 per thousand dissolved according to the mass ratio of 1000:400:60:28:15:3:2:0.5 into a 30X 20cm vessel, putting parent insects in the step S1 for artificial insemination, namely enabling the parent insects to fully move and rub in the vessel, shearing the parent insects with scissors after 2 hours to discharge the eggs, discharging the sperms by male insects to fertilize the eggs to form fertilized eggs, and washing the eggs when the fertilized eggs develop into four swimming spherical fertilized eggs;
s3, hatching: hatching the fertilized eggs in hatching water with salinity of 9 per thousand, temperature of 28 ℃ and pH value of 7.7;
s4, seedling culture and cultivation: transferring the larvae to a seedling raising pool for breeding when the larvae grow to three segments in the step S3, feeding a feed II prepared by bacillus, spirulina powder, light and bacteria, saccharomycetes and water in a mass ratio of 2:3:5:2:48 through oxygen enrichment fermentation for 18 hours, transferring the feed II to a breeding beach for breeding after 20 days, feeding a feed III consisting of 30 parts of fish meal, 140 parts of corn flour, 30 parts of earthworm powder, 18 parts of fish oil, 6 parts of glutamine, 2.4 parts of mannan-oligosaccharide, 3.6 parts of bamboo shoot shell extract, 2 parts of methionine and 1 part of choline chloride in parts by weight, and breeding for 5 half months to obtain the feed.
The preparation method of the bamboo shoot shell extract comprises the following steps:
(1) taking 300g of dried bamboo shoot shells, crushing and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain bamboo shoot shell powder;
(2) adding 750ml of distilled water into the bamboo shoot shell powder obtained in the step (1), soaking for 15min at 35 ℃, adding 0.6 wt% of plant cell lyase consisting of protease, pectinase and cellulase in a mass ratio of 1:4:5 into the bamboo shoot shell powder under stirring, treating for 25min, and filtering to obtain filtrate A and residue A;
(3) adding ethanol with the mass 2.5 times of that of the residue A into the residue A obtained in the step (2), carrying out continuous countercurrent ultrasonic extraction at 55 ℃ for 1.5h, and filtering to obtain filtrate B;
(4) and (3) combining the filtrate A obtained in the step (2) and the filtrate B obtained in the step (3), concentrating and drying to obtain the compound.
Example 3 an artificial propagation method for cereal insects
The method for artificially breeding the gramineae comprises the following steps:
s1, parent insect cultivation: putting the bred parent gramineae larva into a condition with the temperature of 28 ℃ for feeding, feeding a feed I consisting of 30 parts by weight of soybean meal, 20 parts by weight of soybean meal, 2 parts by weight of betaine, 1.5 parts by weight of luteolin and 1.5 parts by weight of papain, and feeding for 5 months;
s2, insemination: putting 2/3 volumes of seedling water with the mass ratio of 1000:400:60:28:15:3:2:0.5 and the salinity of 5 per thousand into a 30 x 20cm container, putting parent insects in the step S1 for artificial insemination, namely enabling the parent insects to fully move and rub in the container, shearing female insects with scissors after 2 hours to discharge eggs, discharging sperms by male insects to fertilize the eggs to form fertilized eggs, and washing the eggs when the fertilized eggs develop into four swimming spherical fertilized eggs;
s3, hatching: hatching fertilized eggs in hatching water with salinity of 10 per thousand, temperature of 30 ℃ and pH value of 7.8;
s4, seedling culture and cultivation: transferring the larvae to a seedling raising pool for breeding when the larvae grow to three segments in the step S3, feeding a feed II prepared by bacillus, spirulina powder, light and bacteria, saccharomycetes and water in a mass ratio of 2:3:5:2:48 through oxygen enrichment fermentation for 24 hours, transferring the feed II to a breeding beach for breeding after 30 days, feeding a feed III consisting of 40 parts by weight of fish meal, 200 parts by weight of corn flour, 40 parts by weight of earthworm powder, 24 parts by weight of fish oil, 8 parts by weight of glutamine, 3.2 parts by weight of mannan-oligosaccharide, 4.8 parts by weight of bamboo shoot shell extract, 3 parts by weight of methionine and 1.5 parts by weight of choline chloride, and breeding for 6 months to obtain the feed.
The preparation method of the bamboo shoot shell extract comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing 400g of dried bamboo shoot shells and sieving the crushed bamboo shoot shells with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain bamboo shoot shell powder;
(2) adding 1000ml of distilled water into the bamboo shoot shell powder obtained in the step (1), soaking for 20min at 40 ℃, adding 0.8 wt% of plant cell lyase consisting of protease, pectinase and cellulase in a mass ratio of 1:4:5 into the bamboo shoot shell powder under stirring, treating for 30min, and filtering to obtain filtrate A and residue A;
(3) adding ethanol with the mass 3 times of that of the residue A into the residue A obtained in the step (2), carrying out continuous countercurrent ultrasonic extraction at 60 ℃ for 2h, and filtering to obtain filtrate B;
(4) and (3) combining the filtrate A obtained in the step (2) and the filtrate B obtained in the step (3), concentrating and drying to obtain the compound.
Comparative example 1 method for artificially propagating gracilaria lemaneiformis
The artificial propagation method of the gramineae and the preparation method of the bamboo shoot shell extract are similar to the example 2.
Comparative example 1 differs from example 2 in that: in the step S1, the feed I does not contain luteolin, namely the feed I consists of 20 parts by weight of soybean meal, 15 parts by weight of soybean meal, 1.5 parts by weight of betaine and 1 part by weight of papain.
Comparative example 2 method for artificially propagating graminids
The artificial propagation method of the gramineae and the preparation method of the bamboo shoot shell extract are similar to the example 2.
Comparative example 2 differs from example 2 in that: the feed III in the step S4 does not contain mannan-oligosaccharide, and the content of glutamine is increased, namely the feed III is composed of 30 parts of fish meal, 140 parts of corn flour, 30 parts of earthworm powder, 18 parts of fish oil, 8.4 parts of glutamine, 3.6 parts of bamboo shoot shell extract, 2 parts of methionine and 1 part of choline chloride according to parts by weight.
Comparative example 3 method for artificially propagating graminids
The artificial propagation method of the gramineae and the preparation method of the bamboo shoot shell extract are similar to the example 2.
Comparative example 3 differs from example 2 in that: the antibiotic in the feed III in the step S4 consists of mannan-oligosaccharide and bamboo shoot shell extract according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
Comparative example 4 method for artificially propagating gracilaria lemaneiformis
The preparation method of the method for artificially propagating the gramineae is similar to that of the example 2.
Comparative example 4 differs from example 2 in that: the bamboo shoot shell extract in the feed III in the step S4 is replaced by the bamboo leaf extract, and the preparation method of the bamboo shoot shell extract is similar to that of the bamboo shoot shell extract.
Test example 1: technical indexes of cultivation
The test method comprises the following steps: the survival rate and the yield per mu of the gramineae were tracked and compared by the breeding methods of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4, respectively, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 technical indexes of artificial propagation method of gramineae insects for examples and comparative examples
| Detecting the index | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 |
| Survival rate (%) | 90.28 | 93.75 | 91.37 | 84.26 | 85.25 | 84.29 | 82.19 |
| Yield per mu (kilogram) | 61.26 | 65.23 | 59.86 | 55.26 | 53.29 | 52.95 | 51.68 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the survival rate and acre yield of the gramineous worms cultivated by the breeding method of the gramineous worms in the embodiments 1 to 3 of the invention are higher than those of the comparative examples 1 to 4, which shows that the method for artificially breeding the gramineous worms adopts the feed which is prepared by mixing the antibiotic consisting of mannan oligosaccharide and bamboo shoot shell extract according to the mass ratio of 2:3 with fish meal, earthworm powder, methionine, choline chloride and other components, and has good promotion effects on ensuring the survival rate of the gramineous worms and improving the yield of the gramineous worms. In addition, the method for artificially propagating the graminids in example 2 has the highest survival rate and the highest yield per mu, and is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which illustrates that the temperature, the salinity of water for seedling cultivation, the pH, the feed ratio and the like adopted in the parent insect cultivation, fertilization, hatching, seedling cultivation and other processes adopted in the method for artificially propagating the graminids adopted in example 2 are preferred values of the present invention and can be used as references for actual artificial cultivation.
Test example 2: meat content of gramineous insects
Test subjects: examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4.
The test method comprises the following steps: the meat quality of the grass worms bred in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 was analyzed, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 meat quality content of the grass worms
| Detecting the index | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 |
| Protein (%) | 21.65 | 24.15 | 23.14 | 19.53 | 18.23 | 19.28 | 18.67 |
| Fat (%) | 0.22 | 0.31 | 0.24 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.15 |
| Moisture (%) | 70.13 | 72.62 | 71.68 | 70.01 | 67.58 | 68.12 | 65.98 |
| Ash (%) | 1.04 | 0.86 | 1.01 | 1.10 | 1.14 | 1.09 | 1.10 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the protein content of the examples 1-3 is obviously higher than that of the comparative examples 1-4, the fat content and the moisture content are slightly higher than that of the comparative examples 1-4, and the ash content is obviously lower than that of the comparative examples 1-4, so that the feed prepared by mixing the antibiotic consisting of the mannan oligosaccharide and the bamboo shoot shell extract according to the mass ratio of 2:3 with the fish meal, the earthworm powder, the methionine, the choline chloride and the like has the advantages that the meat quality of the gramineae is high in nutritional value, the fishy smell of the meat is reduced by reducing the ash content, the meat quality of the gramineae is improved, the maximum protein content of the gramineae cultured in the example 2 is the preferred example of the invention, and the feed ratio and the like adopted in the example 2 are the preferred values of the invention and can be referred to the actual artificial culture.
In conclusion, the artificial propagation method for the gramineae insects disclosed by the invention is reasonable in design and can improve the quality of the meat quality of the gramineae insects.
From the experimental examples 1 and 2, it can be seen that the feed prepared by mixing the antibiotic, the fish meal, the earthworm powder, the methionine, the choline chloride and the like which are composed of the mannan-oligosaccharide and the bamboo shoot shell extract according to the mass ratio of 2:3 has good promotion effects on ensuring the survival rate of the gramineae pests and improving the yield of the gramineae pests, the fed gramineae pests have high nutritional value, and the reduction of ash content reduces the fishy smell of the meat, thereby being beneficial to improving the quality of the gramineae pests.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. An artificial propagation method of gracilaria, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, parent insect cultivation: putting the bred parent gramineae larva into a feed I under the condition of 26-28 ℃, wherein the feed I comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 1-2 parts of betaine, 0.5-1.5 parts of luteolin and 0.5-1.5 parts of papain, and feeding for 4-5 months;
s2, insemination: placing 2/3 volumes of seedling raising water into a 30X 20cm container, placing the parent insects in the step Sl for artificial insemination to obtain fertilized eggs, and washing the fertilized eggs when the fertilized eggs develop into four swimming ball-shaped fertilized eggs;
s3, hatching: hatching fertilized eggs in hatching water with salinity of 8-10 per mill, temperature of 26-30 ℃ and pH value of 7.6-7.8;
s4, seedling culture and cultivation: transferring the larvae to a seedling raising pool for culture when the larvae grow to three segments in the step S3, feeding a feed II, wherein the feed II is prepared by bacillus, spirulina powder, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and water according to the mass ratio of 2:3:5:2:48 through oxygen-increasing fermentation for 12-24h, transferring to a culture mudflat for culture after 10-30 days, and feeding a feed III, wherein the feed III comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 to 40 portions of fish meal, 80 to 200 portions of corn flour, 20 to 40 portions of earthworm powder, 12 to 24 portions of fish oil, 4 to 8 portions of glutamine, 4 to 8 portions of antibiotics, 1 to 3 portions of methionine and 0.5 to 1.5 portions of choline chloride,
wherein the antibiotic is prepared from mannan oligosaccharide and bamboo shoot shell extract at a mass ratio of 2:3 by feeding for 5-6 months.
2. The method for artificially propagating graminids as claimed in claim 1, wherein said feed I comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of soybean meal, 1.5 parts of betaine, 1 part of luteolin and 1 part of papain.
3. The method for artificially propagating graminids as claimed in claim 1, wherein said water treatment method for raising seedlings in step S2 is: respectively weighing sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, boric acid, baking soda, potassium bromide and EDTA, and dissolving in water to make the salinity of the water for seedling culture reach 3-5 per thousand, wherein the mass ratio of the sodium chloride, the magnesium sulfate, the calcium chloride, the potassium chloride, the boric acid, the baking soda, the potassium bromide and the EDTA is 1000:400:60:28:15:3:2: 0.5.
4. The method for artificially propagating graminids as claimed in claim 1, wherein said feed III is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of fish meal, 140 parts of corn flour, 30 parts of earthworm powder, 18 parts of fish oil, 6 parts of glutamine, 6 parts of antibiotic, 2 parts of methionine and 1 part of choline chloride.
5. The method for artificially propagating gramineae according to claim 1, wherein said method for preparing bamboo shoot shell extract comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing 400g of dried bamboo shoot shells of 200 and 400g, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain bamboo shoot shell powder;
(2) adding 500-1000ml of distilled water into the bamboo shoot shell powder obtained in the step (1), soaking for 10-20min at 30-40 ℃, adding 0.4-0.8 wt% of plant cell lyase into the bamboo shoot shell powder under stirring, treating for 20-30min, and filtering to obtain filtrate A and residue A;
(3) adding ethanol with the mass 2-3 times of that of the residue A into the residue A obtained in the step (2), carrying out continuous countercurrent ultrasonic extraction at 50-60 ℃ for 1-2h, and filtering to obtain filtrate B;
(4) and (3) combining the filtrate A obtained in the step (2) and the filtrate B obtained in the step (3), concentrating and drying to obtain the compound.
6. The method for artificially propagating graminids as claimed in claim 5, wherein said plant cell lyase of step (2) is composed of protease, pectinase and cellulase at a mass ratio of 1:4: 5.
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| CN104171723A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2014-12-03 | 苏州通威特种饲料有限公司 | Environment-friendly nereis granule compound feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN105994052B (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2018-11-06 | 珠海市斗门区河口渔业研究所 | A kind of artificial breeding of standing grain worm and intensive cultural method |
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2017
- 2017-11-07 CN CN201711087258.XA patent/CN107821258B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Address after: 510000 No. 55, Zhongshan Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Applicant after: SOUTH CHINA NORMAL University Applicant after: Guangdong Jinyang aquaculture Co.,Ltd. Address before: 510000 No. 55, Zhongshan Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Applicant before: SOUTH CHINA NORMAL University Applicant before: GUANGZHOU JINYANG AQUACULTURE Co.,Ltd. |
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