CN109198164A - A kind of soft-shelled turtle feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of soft-shelled turtle feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of soft-shelled turtle feed, it is extracted including mushroom bran fermentation, enzyme preparation, the preparation of cassava leaf extract, mixing granulation, coating, wherein enzyme preparation extraction step are as follows: after extraction mushroom bran tunning, it is obtained to filter centrifugation and solid ammonium sulfate and enzyme auxiliary agent progress concentrating and precipitating is added in supernatant, precipitating is dissolved and dialysed again, dialyzate is drying to obtain；Contain isonicotinic acid and D-sorbite in enzyme auxiliary agent.The soft-shelled turtle feed includes a core and the coatings for attaching to a core；Grain core includes the solid swelling granular that active principle is formed；Coatings include being dispersed in fat source raw material, extracting to obtain enzyme preparation based on mushroom bran tunning.Preparation method reaction efficiency provided by the invention is high, is able to maintain enzyme high activity and high stability, resource utilization and yield are high, and enzyme preparation supported quantity is high；Made feed contains enzyme preparation coating, and disintegration rate is fast in vivo, digests and assimilates fast, can enhance that soft-shelled turtle is immune and disease resistance, internal stability is high, can long-term preservation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture feedstuff, and in particular to a kind of soft-shelled turtle feed and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Soft-shelled turtle, scientific name are Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis, belong to dynamic for Chordata, Vertebrate, lizard shape guiding principle, Chelonia, Trionychidae, soft-shelled turtle
Object, the also referred to as soft-shelled turtle, cuckold, water fish, foot fish, live in fresh water, amphibious.Soft-shelled turtle is the common breed variety in China, distribution
Extensively, quantity is more, and in addition to Tibet, Qinghai, Ningxia are not yet found, the other places in the whole nation are all distributed.In the late three decades, Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis has been
Through it is larger to save yield especially with Zhejiang, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangsu, Hunan, Jiangxi and Hebei etc. in Chinese extensive raising.
Soft-shelled turtle is rich in VitAVitE, collagen and a variety of amino acid, unsaturated fatty acid, microelement, energy
Immune function of human body is improved, boosts metabolism, enhances the disease resistance of human body, have nourishing and fit keeping function, skin maintenance and cosmetic benefits and delay to decline
Old effect, nutritive value is high, is the traditional nourishing aquatic products in China, is favored by people.Soft-shelled turtle not only has good warp
Ji value, with higher edible and health value, the skirt of soft-shelled turtle, muscle, liver amino acid tissue in, ammonia needed by human
The content and ratio of base acid are all higher.Soft-shelled turtle is the reptile to live in water, is a kind of partially carnivorous Omnivore,
Under field conditions (factors), soft-shelled turtle likes ingest small fish, shrimp, aquatic insect, earthworm, animal carcass etc.；When animal bait deficiency
When, can also ingest the plants bait such as water plant, melon dish, cereal.The starvation tolerance of soft-shelled turtle is very strong, can not feed within several days continuously, but its
Normal growth can be impacted.To meet people to the demand of soft-shelled turtle, more and more raisers start development artificial breeding first
Fish, still, the efficiency of feed utilization that most professional raising farmers are launched in breeding soft-shell turtle are lower, cause soft-shelled turtle nourishing bad,
Slow growth has brought tremendous economic losses to raiser.
Enzyme is the protein with special catalytic capability that living cells generates, it is widely present in various organisms, ginseng
With body and various biochemical reactions.The later period 1980s, foreign countries start that feed enzyme, the nineties beauty is widely used
State, Finland some feed enzyme products successively enter Chinese market, the research and application of feed enzyme since this China, at present raise
Very universal in livestock and poultry breeding industry application with enzyme preparation, there are also the reports of application enzyme preparation for culture fishery.
By adding complex enzyme formulation in aquatic feeds, the insufficient, sharp of aquatic livestock endogenous digestive ferment can be supplemented
The secretion of endogenous enzymes living, while exogenous digestive ferment can be by participating in biochemical reaction, directly decomposition anti-nutrient substance, elimination are anti-
Trophic factors decomposes the poisonous substance factor, improves digestive function, promotes the hydrolysis of protein, fat, starch and cellulose, has and promotees
Into feed digestion absorb, improve efficiency of feed utilization and promote growth of animals or poultry the effects of, thus prevent in the past livestock and poultry from utilize or benefit
It is preferably utilized with insufficient feed or nutrient, feed resource is saved with this, prevent environment caused by animal farming industry
Pollution, while can also prevent the generation of Animal diseases to a certain extent.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind containing enzyme preparation coating, disintegration rate is fast in vivo, digests and assimilates
Fastly, internal stability it is high, can long-term preservation, can enhance and be immunized and the soft-shelled turtle feed of disease resistance.
The object of the invention is also to provide a kind of reaction efficiencies high, holding enzyme high activity and high stability, the utilization of resources
The preparation method for the soft-shelled turtle feed that rate and yield are high, enzyme preparation supported quantity is high.
The technical solution that the present invention is taken to achieve the above object are as follows:
Mould used is black-koji mould in the present invention, is purchased from Nanjing Bian Zhen Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
A kind of soft-shelled turtle feed, including grain core and the coatings for attaching to a core；Above-mentioned grain core includes what active principle was formed
Solid swelling granular；Above-mentioned coatings include being dispersed in fat source raw material, extract to obtain enzyme preparation based on mushroom bran tunning.
By adding complex enzyme formulation in aquatic feeds, the deficiency of aquatic livestock endogenous digestive ferment, while external source can be both supplemented
Property digestive ferment may also help in aquatic livestock decompose part anti-nutrient substance, decompose the poisonous substance factor, improve digestive function, improve pair
The digestive utilization ratio of feed promotes the growth of animal.
Preferably, mushroom bran tunning is by being basic raw material with edible fungus bran, inoculation mould carries out solid state fermentation
Gained afterwards.The production of fodder enzyme preparation is based on microbial fermentation, wherein being main phytase, the starch for producing bacterium with mould
The production of enzyme, acid protease and 1,4 beta-glucanase is more with solid state fermentation, and the mushroom bran source as solid-state fermentation culture medium is wide
General, strain producing enzyme performance is stablized, and yield of enzyme is high, and product can sufficiently adapt to environment in feed processing and animal stomach.
Further preferably, mushroom bran includes mushroom, agrocybe, Pleurotus eryngii, Hericium erinaceus, coprinus comatus, agaric, ganoderma lucidum and/or medicine
Remaining solid waste after fructification has been picked with bacterium.Nutritional ingredient rich in mushroom bran, including crude protein, crude fat,
Crude fibre, also containing microelements such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, zinc, copper.Appropriate adjustment carbon-nitrogen ratio, mushroom bran can become excellent
Culture medium is acted on through microbial fermentation, and crude protein and crude fat content can be improved, and crude fibre and content of lignin reduce,
Fermentation also generates lactic acid and beneficial to mushroom, can inhibit harmful pathogen in the intracorporal breeding of soft-shelled turtle, improve soft-shelled turtle immunity and
Disease resistance.Therefore, enzyme preparation is prepared using mushroom bran solid fermentation, the nutritional ingredient both improved in mushroom bran is constituted, and is increased
Effective rate of utilization, and solve the place to go of a large amount of mushroom brans, realize the purpose turn waste into wealth, improve added value, increasing economic benefit.
Preferably, including extracting remaining waste material and cassava leaves after enzyme preparation based on mushroom bran tunning in active principle
Extracting solution.Flavonoid substances rich in, are added in soft-shelled turtle feed in cassava leaf extract, have to soft-shelled turtle growth good
Obvious action, can be improved the soft-shelled turtle speed of growth, reduce feed coefficient, improve soft-shelled turtle glycometabolism, fat metabolism and anti-oxidant
Ability, enhance soft-shelled turtle immunocompetence, also improve its edible value.
A kind of preparation method of above-mentioned soft-shelled turtle feed is also disclosed in the present invention, including mushroom bran fermentation, enzyme preparation are extracted, wood
The preparation of potato leaf extract, mixing granulation, coating, wherein enzyme preparation extraction step is as follows: after taking mushroom bran tunning to extract, filtering
It is centrifuged to obtain supernatant, then solid ammonium sulfate and enzyme auxiliary agent progress concentrating and precipitating are added into supernatant, then dissolves precipitating simultaneously
Dialysis, then gained dialyzate is dry to get enzyme preparation；Contain isonicotinic acid and D-sorbite in the enzyme auxiliary agent.Mushroom bran fermentation
Enzyme there are many containing in product, but due to having high-temperature operation in feed preparation, and high temperature will increase and constitute enzyme protein structure itself
Molecule thermal energy, increase the chance of multiple weak non-covalent interaction rupture, lead to the denaturation of enzyme, so that enzymatic activity be made to drop
It is low, therefore enzyme is extracted before high-temperature operation.Enzyme preparation can be filled based on protease, amylase and 1,4 beta-glucanase
Divide starch, maltodextrin, protein, the polysaccharide etc. in degradation feed, significantly improves the digestion power of soft-shelled turtle.
Preferably, enzyme preparation extraction step operating condition is as follows: extraction temperature is 20~30, and DEG C time is 2~4h；Gu
The additional amount of body ammonium sulfate is subject to saturated concentration and reaches 70~80%, enzyme auxiliary agent additional amount be ammonium sulfate weight 0.1~
0.2%, wherein the weight ratio of isonicotinic acid and D-sorbite is 1.5:3.5~4；Dialysis is pH4~5, concentration 0.05 with buffer
The citrate buffer solution of~0.1mol/L, dialysis time are 8~10h.Isonicotinic acid and D-sorbite are added as enzyme auxiliary agent to be precipitated
In reaction, the metal ion of ammonium sulfate can be chelated first and is existed in the form of zwitterionic, the activation in change system
Can, it is electrolysed attribute using the both sexes of enzyme, accelerates the progress of precipitation reaction, improves reaction efficiency, secondly enzyme auxiliary agent can go deep into enzyme knot
The hydrophobic apolar area of structure, the catalytic group in dielectric environment low inside enzyme is protected, and ensure that enzyme multiple with this
High activity and high stability in processing.
Further preferably, enzyme preparation extraction step is specific as follows: after taking mushroom bran tunning to add water, being placed in refiner and fills
To divide and smash, 2~4h, filtering are extracted in 20~30 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control, filtrate is centrifuged 5~10min with 4000~5000r/min,
Obtaining supernatant is crude enzyme liquid, and solid ammonium sulfate is added into crude enzyme liquid to 70~80% saturated concentrations, adds ammonium sulfate weight
Then 0.1~0.2% enzyme auxiliary agent is centrifuged 10~20min in 0~4 DEG C of 10~12h of placement with 6000~8000r/min, receive
Collection precipitating, and after being dissolved with distilled water, then with pH be 4~5, citrate buffer solution that concentration is 0.05~0.1mol/L it is sufficiently saturating
8~10h is analysed, the enzyme solution of desalination is obtained, then at 30~40 DEG C of freeze-day with constant temperature to get enzyme preparation.
Preferably, mushroom bran fermentation step is as follows: edible fungus bran being smashed, and after removing macroscopic impurity, turned
Move to baking oven, in 50~60 DEG C it is dry be lower than 5% to water content, then crushed 40~60 meshes, add wheat bran, urea and
After water mixing, solid fermentation culture medium is made in 5~10min of high-temperature sterilization, then accesses warp with the inoculum concentration of volume ratio 5~8%
It activates, the mycotic culture liquid of seed culture, 4~7d is cultivated at 25~35 DEG C；Above-mentioned mushroom bran solid fermentation culture medium group
Be calculated as at g/Kg: mushroom bran 800~850, wheat bran 100~120, urea 30~50, material water weight ratio are 1:2~2.5, and pH is certainly
So.
Preferably, cassava leaf extract preparation step is as follows: after cassava leaves drying and crushing, with 50~75% ethyl alcohol
For extractant, 2~3h of extraction under conditions of solid-liquid ratio 1:7~10 (g/mL), 70~80 DEG C of temperature, centrifuging and taking supernatant, in
At 50~60 DEG C heating concentration be original volume 1/3~1/2 to get.Cassava leaf-making quantity is quite high, and flavone compound contains
Amount is abundant, and flavone compound has a variety of physiology function such as anti-oxidant, inhibitory anti-virus, anti-inflammatory, immunological regulation, antitumor
Effect, therefore be that target extracts using cassava leaves as raw material, flavone compound, gained extracting solution energy substitute antibiotics make
With can be improved the immunity and disease resistance of soft-shelled turtle, reduce the soft-shelled turtle death rate, be obviously improved culture efficiency.
Preferably, steps are as follows for mixing granulation: taking white fish meal, red fish meal, flour, meat meal tankage, wheat germ powder, silkworm chrysalis
Powder, vitamin and mineral salt premix, choline chloride, cassava leaf extract and based on mushroom bran tunning extract enzyme preparation after remain
After remaining waste material mixes, 100~120 mesh are crushed to, then steam pressure is 0.3~0.5MPa, temperature is 80~90 DEG C
2~5min is modulated in quality-adjusting device, and the matrix that water content is 25~30% is made, is then in 70~95 DEG C of temperature, the speed of mainshaft
1~3min is cured in the bulking machine of 350~550r/min, extruding obtains solid swelling granular.Effective component in feed grain core
It is acted on by high temperature and humidity high pressure, while sterilizing, makes protein denaturation therein, improve starch burn degree, destroy anti-battalion
The factor is supported, so as to improve digestibility, and in puffing process, leads to feed since the speed of mainshaft is relatively slow, soil humidity is higher
Particle puffed degree is lower, to obtain heavy property swelling granular, increases the probability that feed is ingested with this, improves efficiency of feed utilization.
Further preferably, each raw material and its parts by weight are as follows in granulation step active principle: 3~5 parts of white fish meal, snapper
5~8 parts of powder, 5~8 parts of flour, 10~15 parts of meat meal tankage, 5~8 parts of wheat germ powder, 8~12 parts of dried silkworm chrysalis meal, vitamin and mine
2~3 parts of object salt premix, 2~4 parts of cassava leaf extract, is based on mushroom bran tunning extraction enzyme preparation at 1~2 part of choline chloride
9~12 parts of remaining waste material afterwards.
Preferably, coating step are as follows: after spraying to fat source raw material on solid swelling granular, then sprayed with enzyme preparation
Coating, to get soft-shelled turtle feed after cooling；Above-mentioned enzyme preparation dosage is 800~1200mg/Kg.Molding feed granules are carried out
Coating, enzyme can be made to be adsorbed onto particle surface, after soft-shelled turtle ingests, the enzyme for being adsorbed on feed granules surface activated in gastric juice and
Collapse, can greatly improve soft-shelled turtle to the digestibility of feed.
Further preferably, fat source raw material in soya-bean oil, corn oil, peanut oil, phosphatide, chicken fat, fish oil at least one
Kind, the parts by weight in feed are 16~24 parts.
The invention has the benefit that
1) enzyme preparation in the present invention in soft-shelled turtle feed is based on protease, amylase and 1,4 beta-glucanase, through biology
The enzyme system that deep processing after fermentation obtains adds enzyme auxiliary agent in deep-processing process, and reaction efficiency can be improved in enzyme auxiliary agent, simultaneously
It is combined with digestion enzyme acceptor, improves the activity and stability of enzyme, and then the nutrient effectively in enzymolysis feed, improve feed
The effective rate of utilization of middle nutrient；
It 2) is that target extracts using cassava leaves as raw material, flavone compound in the present invention, gained extracting solution can substitute
The use of antibiotic has a variety of physiological functions such as anti-oxidant, inhibitory anti-virus, anti-inflammatory, immunological regulation, soft-shelled turtle can be improved
Immunity and disease resistance reduce the soft-shelled turtle death rate, are obviously improved culture efficiency；
3) present invention adds enzyme preparation in soft-shelled turtle feed and is coated with to grain core, is made using the synergy of digestive ferment therein
With, accelerate disintegration rate of the feed in soft-shelled turtle gastric juice, improve the digestion power of soft-shelled turtle, improve to greatest extent Dietary Energy,
The utilization rate of the nutriments such as protein, cellulose promotes the growth-weight gain rate of soft-shelled turtle, reduces feeding cost；
4) the preparation method simplicity of soft-shelled turtle feed is easily-controllable in the present invention, and raw material is easy to get, and reaction efficiency is high, resource utilization and
Yield is high, the effective protection high activity of beneficiating ingredient, increase agriculture forestry waste added value and new utilization ways, feed
The supported quantity of enzyme preparation is high on grain, and particle internal stability is high, can long-term preservation.
Present invention employs above-mentioned technical proposals to provide a kind of soft-shelled turtle feed and preparation method thereof, compensates for the prior art
Deficiency, reasonable design, easy operation.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
A kind of soft-shelled turtle feed, including grain core and the coatings for attaching to a core；Above-mentioned grain core includes what active principle was formed
Solid swelling granular；Above-mentioned coatings include being dispersed in fat source raw material, extract to obtain enzyme preparation based on mushroom bran tunning.
By adding complex enzyme formulation in aquatic feeds, the deficiency of aquatic livestock endogenous digestive ferment, while external source can be both supplemented
Property digestive ferment may also help in aquatic livestock decompose part anti-nutrient substance, decompose the poisonous substance factor, improve digestive function, improve pair
The digestive utilization ratio of feed promotes the growth of animal.
For mushroom bran tunning by being basic raw material with edible fungus bran, inoculation mould carries out gained after solid state fermentation.It raises
With the production of enzyme preparation based on microbial fermentation, wherein being main phytase, amylase, the acidic protein for producing bacterium with mould
The production of enzyme and 1,4 beta-glucanase is more with solid state fermentation, and the mushroom bran as solid-state fermentation culture medium is from a wealth of sources, strain producing enzyme
Performance is stablized, and yield of enzyme is high, and product can sufficiently adapt to environment in feed processing and animal stomach.
Mushroom bran includes that mushroom, agrocybe, Pleurotus eryngii, Hericium erinaceus, coprinus comatus, agaric, ganoderma lucidum and/or medicinal fungus have picked son
Remaining solid waste after entity.Nutritional ingredient rich in mushroom bran, including crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, also contain
The microelements such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, zinc, copper.Appropriate adjustment carbon-nitrogen ratio, mushroom bran can become excellent culture medium, through micro- life
Object fermentation, crude protein and crude fat content can be improved, and crude fibre and content of lignin reduce, and fermentation also generates lactic acid
With beneficial to mushroom, it can inhibit harmful pathogen in the intracorporal breeding of soft-shelled turtle, improve the immunity and disease resistance of soft-shelled turtle.Therefore,
Enzyme preparation is prepared using mushroom bran solid fermentation, the nutritional ingredient both improved in mushroom bran is constituted, and increases effective rate of utilization, and solve
The purpose turn waste into wealth, improve added value, increasing economic benefit is realized in the place to go for a large amount of mushroom brans of having determined.
It include that remaining waste material and cassava leaf extract after enzyme preparation are extracted based on mushroom bran tunning in active principle.Wood
Flavonoid substances rich in, are added in soft-shelled turtle feed in potato leaf extract, have good significant work to soft-shelled turtle growth
With can be improved the soft-shelled turtle speed of growth, reduce feed coefficient, improve soft-shelled turtle glycometabolism, fat metabolism and oxidation resistant ability, increase
Strong soft-shelled turtle immunocompetence, also improves its edible value.
A kind of preparation method of above-mentioned soft-shelled turtle feed, including mushroom bran fermentation, enzyme preparation are extracted, the preparation of cassava leaf extract,
Mixing granulation, coating, wherein enzyme preparation extraction step is as follows: after taking mushroom bran tunning to extract, filter centrifugation obtains supernatant, then
Solid ammonium sulfate is added into supernatant and enzyme auxiliary agent carries out concentrating and precipitating, then precipitating is dissolved and dialysed, then gained is saturating
It is dry to get enzyme preparation to analyse liquid；Contain isonicotinic acid and D-sorbite in the enzyme auxiliary agent.There are many containing in mushroom bran tunning
Enzyme, but due to having high-temperature operation in feed preparation, and high temperature will increase the molecule thermal energy for constituting enzyme protein structure itself, increase
The chance of multiple weak non-covalent interaction rupture, leads to the denaturation of enzyme, to make enzymatic activity reduce, therefore by enzyme in high temperature
Operational hypothesis is taken out.Enzyme preparation is the shallow lake based on protease, amylase and 1,4 beta-glucanase, in energy fully degraded feed
Powder, maltodextrin, protein, polysaccharide etc. significantly improve the digestion power of soft-shelled turtle.
Above-mentioned enzyme preparation extraction step is specific as follows: after taking mushroom bran tunning to add water, it is placed in refiner and sufficiently smashes,
4h is extracted in 25 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control, is filtered, filtrate is centrifuged 5min with 4000r/min, and obtaining supernatant is crude enzyme liquid, to crude enzyme liquid
Middle addition solid ammonium sulfate adds the enzyme auxiliary agent of ammonium sulfate weight 0.1%, wherein isonicotinic acid and sorb to 75% saturated concentration
The weight ratio of sugar alcohol be 1.5:3.5, in 2 DEG C of placements 12h, then with 6000r/min be centrifuged 10min, collect precipitating, and with distill
After water dissolution, then with pH be 4, the citrate buffer solution that concentration is 0.05mol/L is sufficiently dialysed 8h, obtain the enzyme solution of desalination, then
In 30 DEG C of freeze-day with constant temperature to get enzyme preparation.Isonicotinic acid and D-sorbite are added in precipitation reaction as enzyme auxiliary agent, first can chela
The metal ion of ammonium sulfate is closed, and can be existed in the form of zwitterionic, the activation energy in change system, the both sexes electricity of enzyme is utilized
Attribute is solved, the progress of precipitation reaction is accelerated, improves reaction efficiency, secondly enzyme auxiliary agent can go deep into the hydrophobic apolar area of enzymatic structure,
Catalytic group in dielectric environment low inside enzyme is protected, high activity and height of the enzyme in multiple processing ensure that with this
Stability.
Mushroom bran fermentation step is as follows: edible fungus bran smashed, and after removing macroscopic impurity, is transferred to baking oven,
It is lower than 5% in 55 DEG C of dryings to water content, then crushed 50 meshes, after adding wheat bran, urea and water mixing, high-temperature sterilization
Solid fermentation culture medium is made in 5min, then accesses activated, seed culture mycotic culture with the inoculum concentration of volume ratio 6%
Liquid cultivates 7d at 30 DEG C；Above-mentioned mushroom bran solid fermentation culture medium composition is calculated as with g/Kg: mushroom bran 830, wheat bran 120, urine
Element 50, material water weight ratio are 1:2, and pH is natural.
Cassava leaf extract preparation step is as follows: after cassava leaves drying and crushing, using 70% ethyl alcohol as extractant, expecting
3h is extracted under conditions of liquor ratio 1:9.5 (g/mL), temperature 70 C, centrifuging and taking supernatant, heating concentration is original volume at 55 DEG C
1/3 to get.Cassava leaf-making quantity is quite high, and flavonoid content is abundant, flavone compound have it is anti-oxidant,
A variety of physiological functions such as inhibitory anti-virus, anti-inflammatory, immunological regulation, antitumor, therefore using cassava leaves as raw material, flavonoid
Object extracts for target, and the use of gained extracting solution energy substitute antibiotics can be improved the immunity and disease resistance of soft-shelled turtle, subtract
Few soft-shelled turtle death rate, is obviously improved culture efficiency.
Steps are as follows for mixing granulation: taking white fish meal, red fish meal, flour, meat meal tankage, wheat germ powder, dried silkworm chrysalis meal, vitamin
And mineral salt premix, choline chloride, cassava leaf extract and based on mushroom bran tunning extract enzyme preparation after remaining waste material
After mixing, 100 mesh are crushed to, is then 0.3MPa, modulates 2min in quality-adjusting device at a temperature of 90 °C in steam pressure, be made and contain
Then the matrix that water is 25% cures 2min in 90 DEG C of temperature, the bulking machine that the speed of mainshaft is 550r/min, extruding obtains
Solid swelling granular.Effective component in feed grain core is acted on by high temperature and humidity high pressure, while sterilizing, makes egg therein
White matter denaturation, improves starch burn degree, anti-nutritional factors is destroyed, so as to improve digestibility, and in puffing process, due to master
Axis revolving speed is relatively slow, soil humidity is higher causes feed granules puffed degree lower, to obtain heavy property swelling granular, increases feeding with this
Expect the probability being ingested, improves efficiency of feed utilization.
Each raw material and its parts by weight are as follows in above-mentioned granulation step active principle: 3 parts of white fish meal, 5 parts of red fish meal, flour
2 parts of 5 parts, 11 parts of meat meal tankage, 5 parts of wheat germ powder, 9 parts of dried silkworm chrysalis meal, vitamin and mineral salt premix, 1 part of choline chloride, wood
2 parts of potato leaf extract extracts 9 parts of remaining waste material after enzyme preparation based on mushroom bran tunning.
It is coated with step are as follows: after spraying to fat source raw material on solid swelling granular, then is sprayed and be coated with enzyme preparation, it is cooling
Afterwards to get soft-shelled turtle feed；Above-mentioned enzyme preparation dosage is 900mg/Kg.Molding feed granules are coated with, enzyme can be made to inhale
It is attached to particle surface, after soft-shelled turtle ingests, the enzyme for being adsorbed on feed granules surface is activated in gastric juice and collapsed, and can be greatly improved
Digestibility of the soft-shelled turtle to feed.
Above-mentioned fat source raw material is selected from least one of soya-bean oil, corn oil, peanut oil, phosphatide, chicken fat, fish oil, this reality
It applies and selects corn oil in example, the parts by weight in feed are 17 parts.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of soft-shelled turtle feed, each component raw material and its parts by weight are as follows in the feed: 4 parts of white fish meal, 8 parts of red fish meal, face
8 parts of powder, 14 parts of meat meal tankage, 7 parts of wheat germ powder, 10 parts of dried silkworm chrysalis meal, vitamin and 3 parts of mineral salt premix, choline chloride 2
Part, 4 parts of cassava leaf extract extract 12 parts of remaining waste material, 21 parts of peanut oil after enzyme preparation based on mushroom bran tunning.
A kind of preparation method of soft-shelled turtle feed, the specific steps are as follows:
1) edible fungus bran is smashed, and after removing macroscopic impurity, is transferred to baking oven, it is dry to aqueous in 60 DEG C
Amount is lower than 5%, then crushed 60 meshes, after adding wheat bran, urea and water mixing, high-temperature sterilization 10min, then with volume
Activated, seed culture mycotic culture liquid is accessed than 8% inoculum concentration, 5.5d is cultivated at 35 DEG C, above-mentioned mushroom bran is solid
Body fermentation medium composition is calculated as with g/Kg: mushroom bran 850, wheat bran 100, urea 50, and material water weight ratio is 1:2.5, and pH is natural；
2) it after taking mushroom bran tunning to add water, is placed in refiner and sufficiently smashes, then extracted in 30 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control
3h, filtering take filtrate to be centrifuged 10min with 5000r/min, and obtaining supernatant is crude enzyme liquid, and solid ammonium sulfate is added into crude enzyme liquid
To 80% saturated concentration, the enzyme auxiliary agent of ammonium sulfate weight 0.17% is added, wherein the weight ratio of isonicotinic acid and D-sorbite is
Then 1.5:3.8 is centrifuged 15min in 4 DEG C of placement 11h with 8000r/min, collect precipitating, after being dissolved with distilled water, then use
PH5, concentration 0.1mol/L citrate buffer solution are sufficiently dialysed 8.5h, and the enzyme solution of desalination is obtained, then at 40 DEG C of freeze-day with constant temperature to get
Enzyme preparation；
3) by after cassava leaves drying and crushing, using 60% ethyl alcohol as extractant, in solid-liquid ratio 1:8.5 (g/mL), temperature 75
2h is extracted under conditions of DEG C, centrifuging and taking supernatant heats concentration at 60 DEG C as the 1/2 of original volume to get cassava leaf extract；
4) take white fish meal, red fish meal, flour, meat meal tankage, wheat germ powder, dried silkworm chrysalis meal, vitamin and mineral salt premix,
It choline chloride, cassava leaf extract and is extracted after remaining waste material after enzyme preparation mixes based on mushroom bran tunning, is crushed to 120
Then mesh modulates 5min in the quality-adjusting device that steam pressure is 0.5MPa, temperature is 85 DEG C, the base that water content is 28% is made
Then matter cures 3min in 85 DEG C of temperature, the bulking machine that the speed of mainshaft is 450r/min, extruding obtains solid swelling granular；
5) it after spraying to fat source raw material on solid swelling granular, then is sprayed and is coated with enzyme preparation, to get first after cooling
Fish meal, above-mentioned enzyme preparation dosage are 1100mg/Kg.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of preparation method of soft-shelled turtle feed, advanced optimizes wherein step 5), and specific Optimized Measures are as follows: to enzyme system
After adding water that dispersion liquid is made in agent, the envelope forming agent of enzyme preparation weight 0.13% is added, halves and coating agent is made, by fat source
It after raw material sprays on solid swelling granular, then is sprayed and is coated with coating agent, to get soft-shelled turtle feed, above-mentioned enzyme preparation after cooling
Dosage is 1100mg/Kg, contains gaultherolin and Isosorbide Nitrate, weight ratio 1:1.2 in envelope forming agent.Envelope
Forming agent can surface tension in reduction system between enzyme preparation, water, promote biological enzyme quickly and evenly to disperse in system, from
And the blending during being coated between grease is improved, and then improve the supported quantity of enzyme preparation on single feed granules, in addition
Gantry can be formed between envelope forming agent and grease molecules, wherein by biological enzyme package, to make biological enzyme that can only be attached to
It on the outside of feed granules, and is unable to endosmosis and has an effect, so that feed nutrition when long-time saves be made not to be lost, protect
Hold particle internal stability.
The present embodiment is optimized on the basis of embodiment 2, and made soft-shelled turtle feed is raw materials used and other preparations step
Suddenly consistent with embodiment 2, soft-shelled turtle feed is made.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of preparation method of soft-shelled turtle feed changes the reaction condition in wherein step 2), and concrete measure is as follows: taking mushroom bran
After tunning adds water, be placed in refiner and sufficiently smash, then extract 3h in 30 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control, filter, take filtrate with
5000r/min is centrifuged 10min, and obtaining supernatant is crude enzyme liquid, solid ammonium sulfate is added into crude enzyme liquid to 80% saturated concentration, in
Then 4 DEG C of placement 11h are centrifuged 15min with 8000r/min, collect precipitating, after being dissolved with distilled water, then with pH5, concentration
0.1mol/L citrate buffer solution is sufficiently dialysed 8.5h, and the enzyme solution of desalination is obtained, then at 40 DEG C of freeze-day with constant temperature to get enzyme preparation,
Enzyme auxiliary agent is not added in above-mentioned preparation step.
The present embodiment is that test is compared on the basis of embodiment 2, and made soft-shelled turtle feed is raw materials used and other systems
Standby step and embodiment 2 are consistent, and soft-shelled turtle feed is made.
Embodiment 5:
Soft-shelled turtle feed feeding experiment
Farm is produced in certain soft-shelled turtle, is respectively test group 1,2,3 with the made feed of embodiment 2,3,4, to be not added with enzyme
The made feed of preparation is control group, carries out feeding experiment, and duration of test runs is 70 days.Randomly select the identical pool of 4 sizes
Mouthful, the soft-shelled turtle for choosing similar weight carries out feeding experiment, and wherein the breeding density of soft-shelled turtle is 15/m2.It is right before formal test
Soft-shelled turtle carries out 2 weeks by a definite date domestications, makes the breeding environment during soft-shelled turtle adequacy test, uniformly feeds daily feed, until
Its behavior is easy, it is normal to ingest, and is allowed for access experimental period.After domestication, fasting is weighed for 24 hours.During test, the feeding on each pool mouthful
Expect that injected volume is consistent, after the completion of test, weighs again.Final test data such as the following table 1.
Influence of 1 soft-shelled turtle feed of table to soft-shelled turtle growth performance
| Average initial weight g | Average end weight g | Rate of body weight gain % | Survival rate % | Feed efficiency % | |
| Test group 1 | 82.24 | 285.65 | 247.34 | 98.51 | 72.6 |
| Test group 2 | 83.51 | 291.54 | 249.11 | 97.84 | 74.3 |
| Test group 3 | 81.59 | 275.22 | 237.32 | 97.12 | 69.1 |
| Control group | 84.46 | 267.49 | 216.71 | 96.56 | 65.4 |
By upper Biao Ke get, the raising of different feeds influences less survival rate, each test group survival rate all 95% with
On, and control group survival rate is relatively low, is the wherein flavonoid due to containing cassava leaf extract in feed made in embodiment
Object can enhance the disease resistance and immunocompetence of soft-shelled turtle；Due to being not added with enzyme preparation, control group soft-shelled turtle in control group feed
Rate of body weight gain and feed efficiency be significantly lower than test group；More other groups of rate of body weight gain and feed efficiency of the soft-shelled turtle of test group 3 are low, are
Because being not added with enzyme auxiliary agent in preparation, thus the enzyme activity in feed is had an impact, to affect feed digestion absorption
Efficiency；The gaining effect and feed efficiency of test group 2 are optimal, are due to biological enzyme on the basis of test group 1, in feed
Supported quantity rises, so that the progress of the digestion power of soft-shelled turtle.
The prior art of routine techniques dawn known to those skilled in the art in above-described embodiment, therefore herein no longer in detail
It repeats.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, and not limitation of the present invention, the ordinary skill people of this field
Member can also make a variety of changes and modification without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Therefore, all equivalent
Technical solution also belong to scope of the invention, scope of patent protection of the invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of soft-shelled turtle feed, it is characterised in that: including grain core and the coatings for attaching to a core；The grain core includes effective group
Divide the solid swelling granular formed；The coatings include being dispersed in fat source raw material, are extracted based on mushroom bran tunning
Obtain enzyme preparation.
2. a kind of soft-shelled turtle feed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the mushroom bran tunning passes through with edible mushroom
Mushroom bran is basic raw material, and inoculation mould carries out gained after solid state fermentation.
3. a kind of soft-shelled turtle feed according to claim 2 and preparation method thereof, it is characterised in that: the mushroom bran includes perfume
Remaining solid is useless after mushroom, agrocybe, Pleurotus eryngii, Hericium erinaceus, coprinus comatus, agaric, ganoderma lucidum and/or medicinal fungus have picked fructification
Material.
4. a kind of soft-shelled turtle feed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: include being sent out based on mushroom bran in the active principle
Ferment product extracts remaining waste material and cassava leaf extract after enzyme preparation.
5. a kind of preparation method of such as described in any item soft-shelled turtle feeds of claim 1 ~ 4, including mushroom bran fermentation, enzyme preparation mention
It takes, the preparation of cassava leaf extract, mixing granulation, coating, it is characterised in that: the enzyme preparation extraction step is as follows: mushroom bran being taken to send out
After the extraction of ferment product, filter centrifugation obtains supernatant, then solid ammonium sulfate and enzyme auxiliary agent progress concentrating and precipitating are added into supernatant,
Then precipitating is dissolved and is dialysed, then gained dialyzate is dry to get enzyme preparation；Contain isonicotinic acid and mountain in the enzyme auxiliary agent
Pears sugar alcohol.
6. a kind of preparation method of soft-shelled turtle feed according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the enzyme preparation extraction step
Operating condition is as follows: extraction temperature is 20 ~ 30 DEG C, and the time is 2 ~ 4h；The additional amount of solid ammonium sulfate reaches 70 with saturated concentration ~
Subject to 80%, enzyme auxiliary agent additional amount is the 0.1 ~ 0.2% of ammonium sulfate weight, and wherein the weight ratio of isonicotinic acid and D-sorbite is 1.5:
3.5~4；Dialysis is the citrate buffer solution of pH4 ~ 5,0.05 ~ 0.1mol/L of concentration with buffer, and dialysis time is 8 ~ 10h.
7. a kind of preparation method of soft-shelled turtle feed according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the mushroom bran fermentation step is such as
Under: after edible fungus bran is cleaned, drying and crushing is added wheat bran, urea and water and mixes and sterilize, solid fermentation culture is made
Then base accesses activated, seed culture mycotic culture liquid with the inoculum concentration of volume ratio 5 ~ 8%, at 25 ~ 35 DEG C cultivate 4 ~
7d；The mushroom bran solid fermentation culture medium composition is calculated as with g/Kg: mushroom bran 800 ~ 850, wheat bran 100 ~ 120, and urea 30 ~
50, material water weight ratio is 1:2 ~ 2.5, and pH is natural.
8. a kind of preparation method of soft-shelled turtle feed according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the cassava leaf extract system
Standby steps are as follows: after cassava leaves drying and crushing, using 50 ~ 75% ethyl alcohol as extractant, in solid-liquid ratio 1:7 ~ 10(g/mL), it is warm
2 ~ 3h is extracted under conditions of 70 ~ 80 DEG C of degree, centrifuging and taking supernatant, heating concentration is the 1/3 ~ 1/2 of original volume at 50 ~ 60 DEG C,
To obtain the final product.
9. a kind of preparation method of soft-shelled turtle feed according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the mixing granulation step is such as
Under: take white fish meal, red fish meal, flour, meat meal tankage, wheat germ powder, dried silkworm chrysalis meal, vitamin and mineral salt premix, chlorination gallbladder
It alkali, cassava leaf extract and is extracted after remaining waste material after enzyme preparation mixes based on mushroom bran tunning, is crushed to 100 ~ 120
Then mesh modulates 2 ~ 5min in the quality-adjusting device that steam pressure is 0.3 ~ 0.5MPa, temperature is 80 ~ 90 DEG C, water content, which is made, is
Then 25 ~ 30% matrix cures 1 ~ 3min in 70 ~ 95 DEG C of temperature, the bulking machine that the speed of mainshaft is 350 ~ 550r/min, squeezes
Pressure obtains solid swelling granular.
10. a kind of preparation method of soft-shelled turtle feed according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the coating step are as follows: will
It after fat source raw material sprays on solid swelling granular, then is sprayed and is coated with enzyme preparation, to get soft-shelled turtle feed after cooling；It is described
Enzyme preparation dosage is 800 ~ 1200mg/Kg.
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Cited By (1)
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