CN102573515A - Pellet feed for fish farming having excellent dissolution and digestion efficiency, and method for preparing same - Google Patents
Pellet feed for fish farming having excellent dissolution and digestion efficiency, and method for preparing same Download PDFInfo
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- CN102573515A CN102573515A CN2009801607362A CN200980160736A CN102573515A CN 102573515 A CN102573515 A CN 102573515A CN 2009801607362 A CN2009801607362 A CN 2009801607362A CN 200980160736 A CN200980160736 A CN 200980160736A CN 102573515 A CN102573515 A CN 102573515A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a pellet feed for fish farming having excellent dissolution and digestion efficiency, and a method for preparing the same, and more specifically to a pellet feed for fish farming wherein the pellet feed is molded then coated with an enzyme, whereby the pellet feed disperses slowly in water over a certain time period, but quickly dissolves in a fish's stomach and has excellent digestion efficiency.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to outstanding the breeding fish of disintegration and digestive efficiency with pellet and preparation method thereof.
[background technology]
Breeding fish has 2 kinds with feed, and a kind of is to fish (mackerel, sand lance, sardine; Anchovies etc.) add mixed flour in, fish meal is worn into the particle apperance behind the powder feed about 10% of soya-bean cake etc. and preparation and after the moulding, for the moulding form is not broken at 20 ℃ of uncooked feed (Moisture Pellet that take the photograph bait after freezing; MP), another kind is to mix fish meal, flour, starch; Soya-bean cake, glutelin etc. and in puffing apparatus the swelling granular of moulding (EP, SEP, DP); The uncooked feeds (MP) that use at present at most be for will be freezing particle feed and throw in the tank to fish, 10～15% scatter and flow into marinely before fish eat, so become the prime culprit of extra large pollution, suppress the use of uncooked feed thereby the government mobilizes various support policies; Though advocate throw into the expanded pellet feed that do not scatter in the water (EP, SEP, DP), for the growth property of fish; Compare swelling granular, uncooked feed is more outstanding, so the use of uncooked feed (MP) does not still subtract.
Expanded pellet feed has following 2 kinds of forms: with fish meal; Flour, starch (α starch), soya-bean cake; Corn; Soybean and wheat extract glutelin (Gluten) and wait and mix and mixed vitamin again after pulverizing with 80 sieve meshes (Mesh), mineral etc. and put into the compressing grains draft machine after stirring and simple compression and prepare the method for sedimented particle, and inject puffing apparatus (Extruder) back and carry the steam of 80～200 ℃ (120～170 ℃ of routines) and make expanded and prepare the method for suspended particulate.
Flour (wheat flour) that cooperates when pellet prepares and starch is with binding agent (sticker) effect in the feed source of moulding fish meal etc., and expanded and prepare the bubble collection and the purpose that suspends cooperates in granule interior during the phase transformation of steam (liquid is changed to the process of gas).More specifically; 2 kinds huge polysaccharide of starch and so-called amylose (amylose) and amylopectin (amylopectin) is interweaved and forms micellar structure; But heat in case drop in the water; Then gelatinization (alphalise starch) and expanding and possess cohesive force, and have the physical property of volumetric expansion.But, return normal temperature or cooling, then become the β starch before the gelatinization and become not the hard material with the water good combination.
Because character of starch so, no matter sedimented particle or suspended particulate have and in the gastric juice of fish, are not easy disintegration (disintegration time in simulated gastric fluid of present commercially available swelling granular: 20～36 hours) and problem that digestive efficiency extremely descends.
In order to solve so problem, as binding agent replace starch and use carboxymethyl cellulose (Carboxylmethylcellulose, CMC); Alginates, guar gum, natural rubber; Carbopol, methylcellulose, agar; Pectin can solve the disintegration problem in the situation of the sedimented particle of carrageenan etc. to a certain degree, but said material is not easy expanded owing to the phase transformation of steam; So not only can't prepare suspended particulate, mix with fish meal etc. that adhesion strength descends and dry back particle is broken and break, so can't in swelling granular, use.
Because problem so, the starch that possesses adhesion strength and expanded power simultaneously are must not ill-matched essential material when pellet prepares.
But; The starch that becomes α starch earlier and get back to β starch have be not easy disintegration in fish gastric juice (pH 2.6～3.8) (disintegration time in simulated gastric fluid 20～36 hours) and, the digestive efficiency of not only taking the photograph the bait feed descends significantly, the bait amount of taking the photograph of fish reduces and the big shortcoming of speed of growth passivation; So the pisciculturist evades pellet (EP; SEP DP) and preferred uncooked feed (MP), thereby becomes the main cause that pollute in the sea; In the coastal waters, extra large environment eutrophy falls into disuse to the degree that can't culture.
So, it is essential cooperating starch when pellet prepares, and cooperates ratio so also studied minimizing starch, and walks abreast and the method for use with other sticker, does not find method completely as yet.
And; Get back to β starch once more in order not make α starch; Studied emulsifying agent, the especially monoglyceride (Monoglyceride) that cooperate like fatty acid glyceride, and moisture content has been dropped sharply to method below 10% etc.; But this also can't contribute to the shortening disintegration time greatly, and improves digestive efficiency.
So method also to no effect; Thereby studied the method that will be coupled to pellet as the alpha amylase of amylolytic enzyme with as the glucoamylase of carbohydrase; But when the sedimentation feed prepared, alpha amylase and glucoamylase were to cooperate and prepare, and then enzyme also acts on and particle scatters in circulation; Thereby can't bring into play self-acting as pellet; And when expanded pellet diet prepares, together cooperate alpha amylase with feed sources such as fish meal, then enzyme can't play a role as enzyme at inactivation in puffing apparatus (120～170 ℃ of temperature).
Again on the one hand; Be not easy disintegration in the gastric juice of fish; Digestive efficiency descend known be because; Be included in the flour, or the extraction glutelin (Gluten) that together cooperates with the feed source is expanded and form the cancellated matrix of fibroid (Matrix) and process the bubble collection of catching bubble and vegetable protein that particle is suspended in puffing apparatus.
Be not only terraria, in the fish animal protein since the steam of having no way of be deformed into the cancellated albumen of fibroid mutually, be essential so will together cooperate with the feed source as the glutelin of vegetable protein.In the situation of sedimented particle, prepare though also can get rid of glutelin, suspended particulate then can't prepare at eliminating glutelin (wheat flour).
And; Fish do not have the enzyme of in the oral cavity, chewing secreting amylase in the feed etc. and the function that part is decomposed feed; Feed is swallowed and delivered in the stomach, but then do not secrete starch-splitting under one's belt and as self enzyme of the glutelin of vegetable protein, or the minute quantity secretion; So in fish gastric juice, can't decompose β starch (decomposing alpha-1,4 glycosidic bond).Thereby the fish meal etc. that is adhered to the main feed of the conduct source of starch is not easy to be decomposed by pepsin under one's belt, and the digestive efficiency in intestines also descends, thereby can't utilize the feed of taking the photograph bait fully, so there is feed coefficient to raise the problem of speed of growth passivation.
[summary of the invention]
[technical task that invention will solve]
To this, the inventor is in order to solve the result who studies like described problem, develops enzyme is encapsulated the pellet surface of moulding and fish are conveniently eaten; And particle is not easy fragmentation, and goes up more than the floating certain hour, in case fish swallow feed at water (seawater comprises); Then fast disintegration and not only digest and assimilate well under one's belt and minimizes that the feed of using is not utilized as nutrient source and is drained, thereby prevents the pollution (eutrophication) in sea; Pellet (the EP that feed coefficient is low simultaneously, growth property (increase of fish body weight) improves; SEP DP), thereby accomplishes the present invention.
Thereby the present invention aims to provide for the prime culprit's who replaces polluting as the sea uncooked feed (MP, Moisture Pellet), disintegration under one's belt, digestion and absorb breeding fish with pellet and preparation method thereof of improving.
[solving the technical scheme of problem]
The invention is characterized in it is to encapsulate breeding fish of enzyme on particle (Pellet) feed in moulding to use pellet.
In addition, the present invention is the preparation method with pellet of breeding fish on the other hand, it is characterized in that, after the pellet moulding, enzyme is encapsulated said pellet.
[invention effect]
Use pellet with breeding fish of preparation method's preparation of the present invention,, in water (seawater comprises), be difficult for scattering for for cultured fishes in the fish farm; Disintegration fast under one's belt, thus digestive efficiency improved, reduce feed coefficient; Reduce feeding cost; Improve growth property (increase of fish body weight), have the essence effect, can replace to be called as the prime culprit's who pollutes in the sea uncooked feed (MP).
[description of drawings]
The upper end of Fig. 1 is the photo of the flatfish during MP feed for shooting (uncooked feed) is raised, and the lower end is the photo of the flatfish during feed that the enzyme of embodiment 1 for shooting encapsulates is raised.
Fig. 2 is that feed that the enzyme with embodiment 1 encapsulates is taken the photograph behind the bait photo of dissecting the back photography through 1 hour 30 minutes [present the particle disintegration of taking the photograph bait clearly and become the state of congee shape].
Fig. 3 is that feed that the enzyme with embodiment 1 encapsulates is taken the photograph behind the bait photo [more clearly presenting the complete disintegration of particle] through photography in 2 hours.
Fig. 4 dissected and the photo of photography after 6 hours after pellet is in the past taken the photograph bait.
[embodiment]
It is then following more to specify so the present invention.
The present invention relates to after the pellet moulding, encapsulate with enzyme, thereby in water, after certain hour, scatter inchmeal, disintegration is accelerated in the stomach of fish, and what digestive efficiency was outstanding breeds fish with the preparation method of pellet.
Core of the present invention does on the pellet of moulding, to encapsulate breeding fish with pellet and preparation method thereof of enzyme.
More specifically, after the pellet moulding, encapsulate with enzyme, then these enzymes are adsorbed onto particle surface and when fish are taken the photograph bait, the enzyme that is adsorbed on surface activation and disintegration is accelerated in gastric juice, and digestive efficiency is improved greatly.
Said enzyme is an AMS, maltogenic amylase, beta amylase, cellulase, 1,4 beta-glucanase, glucoamylase, hemicellulase, pectase, lactase, zytase, chitosan enzyme, the carbohydrate-splitting enzyme of 'beta '-mannase etc.; The lipolytic enzyme of lipase etc.; The phosphorus catabolic enzyme of phytase etc.; Alkali protease, acid protease, neutral proteinase, the vegetable protein enzyme, the protease of bromelain etc. can use more than a kind or 2 kinds.
In addition, to the pellet of moulding, preferably with respect to pellet 100 weight portions of moulding and 0.001～20 weight portion or 1～200,000 unit uses said enzyme and encapsulates, 0.001～7 weight portion or 1～100 more preferably, 000 unit.If lack than 0.001 weight portion, then can't reach the effect of being hoped, more than 20 weight portions, the problem that the enzyme effect suppresses in can not circulating is then arranged.
In addition, preferably just said enzyme is suspended in grease class (animal raw fat class or plant oil lipid), and form agent one with tunicle and coexist and disperse in the water, or preparation enzyme aqueous solution and encapsulating on the pellet of moulding.Especially, said animal raw fat class or plant oil lipid have tallow, lard, fish oil, suet; Chicken fat, corn oil, soybean oil, lecithin, cottonseed oil; Rapeseed oil, edible Residual oil (purifying), coconut oil, sunflower oil; Palm oil, the rice bran wet goods, with it using 0.1～15 weight portion, because it is impartial and preferred to encapsulate full matter with respect to pellet 100 weight portions of moulding.In addition, said tunicle forms agent and is preferably and is selected from following more than one: natural rubber, guar gum, cellulose; Alginates, chitosan salt, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, HPMC; Sodium Polyacrylate gathers the methyl urea, gelatin, sulfonic acid lignin; Agar, carrageenan, hydroxyethylcellulose and poloxamer use 0.001～10 weight portion because by the reason of membrane safety and preferred with respect to pellet 100 weight portions of moulding.
So, the method that encapsulates after the pellet moulding not only can prevent in the preparation process at expanded (120～170 ℃ of temperature) stage (through puffing apparatus) enzyme deactivation, with different through shredding stage or the mix stages enzyme cooperation in advance of puffing apparatus last stage in conduct; Because enzyme is not to cooperate deeply in granule interior, but outside attached to particle, so at suitable circulation period; Enzymatic activity mechanism does not take place yet, thereby do not reduce the adhesion strength of starch, so particle is not broken; The grain forming state is kept from cover to cover, and disintegration is accelerated under one's belt, improves digestive efficiency and feed coefficient is low; Improve inner feed conversion degree; Reduce the ight soil of draining, pollute so prevent the sea, growth inside speed is also accelerated.Especially, encapsulate for 1 time, encapsulate for 2 times with enzyme liquid or dispersion liquid with the grease class; Perhaps with enzyme liquid or dispersion and grease class; Preparation emulsions such as tunicle forms agent, emulsifying agent and encapsulate and when when raising, dropping into feed in the water can solve the shortcoming that the part of particle surface is scattered fast in water.
Thereby; The present invention is also included within on the pellet of moulding and encapsulates for 1 time with the grease class, and encapsulates for 2 times with enzyme, or on the pellet of moulding, has encapsulated by enzyme; Grease class, tunicle form breeding fish with pellet and preparation method thereof of emulsion that agent and emulsifying agent be prepared from.Said emulsifying agent is preferably and is selected from following more than one: methyl glycol fatty acid ester, lecithin, fatty acid glyceride; Alcoholic extract; Sucrose fatty ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester and polyoxyethylene fatty acid glyceride.Especially, when emulsion prepares, use enzyme 0.001～20 weight portion or 1～200,000 unit with respect to pellet 100 weight portions of moulding, grease class 0.1～15 weight portion, tunicle forms agent 0.001～5 weight portion and emulsifying agent 0.05～10 weight portion.
In addition, the present invention also can be included in and form agent with tunicle on the pellet of moulding and encapsulate for 1 time, after encapsulating for 2 times with the grease class; And encapsulate for 3 times with enzyme, perhaps on the pellet of moulding, encapsulate for 1 time, after forming agent and encapsulate for 2 times with tunicle with the grease class; Encapsulate for 3 times with enzyme; Perhaps on the pellet of moulding, encapsulate for 1 time, after encapsulating for 2 times with the grease class, encapsulate for 3 times with enzyme with emulsifying agent; Or on the pellet of moulding, encapsulate for 1 time with emulsifying agent, encapsulate for 2 times with enzyme and prepare the method for breeding fish with pellet.
The preparation of enzyme coating buffer is enzyme to be prepared 0.001～20% aqueous solution according to enzyme activity (unit) use, and water-fast enzyme is that supending and stirring encapsulates.Can encapsulate the single aqueous solution of enzyme separately, also can unite enzyme separately and prepare the aqueous solution and encapsulate.In addition, be not only enzyme aqueous solution or aqueous suspension, with grease class (vegetalitas is kept or animality is kept) simply mix with enzyme aqueous solution and with mixer continue stirring encapsulate also can, use lipophilic emulsifier and prepare the emulsion of O/W type and encapsulate and also can.
Drop into particle to the fish culture tank, then in about 10 minutes of routine, fish are all taken the photograph bait with it, so when dropping in the water (seawater), need that particle does not scatter during minimum 10～15 minutes in water (seawater), just can think desirable particle.And then, even if accidentally dropping, the pisciculturist drops into excessive feed, for guaranteeing that pulling fish out does not take the photograph the remaining particle of bait, needs in water (seawater), do not scatter in about 30 minutes.
As said; The present invention preferably encapsulates the suspension of enzyme aqueous solution or enzyme powder to the pellet of moulding, and in addition, the enzyme rapid osmotic that encapsulates in order to scatter fast in water attached to the outside enzyme of particle does not carry out the enzyme effect to a small amount of infiltration of granule interior between circulation or storage life is in particle; But only adhere at particle surface; Movable immediately in gastric juice after taking the photograph bait, more preferably after encapsulating for 1 time with the grease class on the pellet of moulding, enzyme aqueous solution or dispersion liquid are encapsulated for 2 times; After enzyme dissolving and being dispersed in the water, with the grease class, preparation emulsion such as tunicle forms agent, emulsifying agent and encapsulating; Be not easy to scatter when then dropping in the water, take the photograph disintegration easily under one's belt behind the bait, digestive efficiency is high; Thereby feed coefficient improves, and the speed of growth is accelerated, thereby most preferably.This is judged as; Do not permeate granule interior; Only adhere at particle surface, and in gastric juice activation immediately be since the aqueous solution that comprises enzyme by the grease class, emulsifying agent and tunicle form agent and with enzyme aqueous solution or dispersion liquid be separated into particulate and enzyme attached to the tunicle outside.
On the other hand; Observe the physiological phenomenon of fish, then fish are classified as predacious fish and herbivorous fishes, and most of seafood fish is a predacious fish; Known these predacious fishes can not decomposition and absorption carbohydrate (starch etc.) and are utilized as energy source; But be excreted to externally, also knownly can not secrete the protease that also can decompose vegetable protein (glutelin etc.) in vivo, or the denier secretion.
If see that 58 pages of the high efficiency mixed feed exploitation delivered in agricultural aquatic food portion Korea S Republic of Korea Republic Of in January, 2009 and practical research-I (the publication code T R 2009-AQ001 of the academy of sciences) according to feed source research digestibility, are then delivering white fish meal (walleye pollack class); White fish meal (Hake); Brown fish meal (anchovy class), brown fish meal (miscellaneous fishes), the albumen (actin in the seafood fish source of brown fish meal (sardine class) etc.; Myosinogen; Former myosinogen, the moving slurry of flesh albumen) digestibility is more than 90%, cereal feed source; The crude protein that is soya-bean cake (glycinin, conglycinin etc.) and corn-glutelin (corn-gluten) is below 70%.But; Still not having relevant digestion 70% left and right sides vegetable protein is because fish self secretion can be decomposed the enzyme of these albumen; Still decompose of the research of the protease of fish source animal protein through side reaction decomposition vegetable protein; But go out the inventor's raising experience and the document of extremely delivering at present, being judged as is the decomposition by side reaction.
So parallel with the purpose of disintegration particle, to be coupled to pellet be essential for decomposing the starch and the glutelin that cooperate for grain forming to enzyme that can't self synthesis secretion with fish.But the deactivation temperature of these enzymes is that 110 ℃ (protease is 70 ℃) are maximum temperatures, thus when swelling granular prepares in the expanded stage (120～170 ℃) even if whole inactivations and cooperate and also can't bring into play any effect.Grain forming encapsulated after (through after the expanded stage), then can prevent inactivation fully.
As the mode of encapsulating, use atomizing, impregnated, which kind of mode in the absorption type all can, the best aspect atomizing evenly encapsulates on particle.
Use the method for breeding of the fish of the final pellet breed for preparing like this to be also included among the present invention.
Below, specify the present invention according to following examples, but the present invention is not limit by this.
[embodiment 1: 1 enzyme liquid encapsulates after the swelling granular moulding]
(A) expanded pellet feed composition
Fish meal (Chile produces ultra top grade) 70.0 weight %
Flour (wheat flour) 4.0 weight %
α starch 7.0 weight %
Decortication soya-bean cake 2.0 weight %
Squid manini powder 2.0 weight %
Corn extracts glutelin 3.0 weight %
Salmon oil 2.0 weight %
Multi-vitamin and comprehensive mineral 0.5 weight %
Steam 9.5 weight %
(B) mixing and pulverizing
The composition of said (A) is put into mixer after evenly mixing in 20 minutes, move on to pulverizer and be crushed to through running in 30 minutes and reach 80 sieve meshes.
(C) puffing apparatus (Extruder) and cooling
The composition of the pulverizing of (B) is put into transporting water steam behind the puffing apparatus and expanded and be shaped to the particle of diameter 9～10mm, the particle of moulding is cooled off with aerial cooler.
(D) enzyme liquid and enzyme liquid encapsulate for 1 time
(1) preparation of enzyme liquid
A. aqueous solution preparation
Put into to be added to after the proper container with respect to the pellet 2500g of moulding and with AMS 0.2g and acid protease 0.4g and reach 100g.
B. to the method for grease class suspension enzyme liquid
With respect to the pellet 2500g of moulding and claim AMS 0.2g and acid protease 0.4g, salmon oil 100g and put into and have mixer, and behind the container that can heat, be warmed to 40～60 ℃, and stir.
C. the method for preparing O/W type emulsion
With respect to the pellet 2500g of moulding and add AMS 0.2g; Acid protease 0.4g; Water 60g and be warmed to 70 ℃, different is to add fish oil 20g, fatty acid glyceride 2.4g; Sorbitan fatty acid ester 1.6g and being warmed to after 70 ℃ is with the emulsification and prepare O/W type emulsion in homogenizer of two kinds of liquid.
(2) method for coating
A. atomizing (Spray formula) method for coating: the enzyme liquid phase that will in said (1), prepare is for the swelling granular 1000g of said (C) and 20～30g is encapsulated with injecting type (spray formula).
B. absorption type method for coating: the particle 1000g that pot (medicament preparation with) is put into said (C) that encapsulates stirring, rotating and encapsulating pot, sow on a small quantity on one side in said (1) on one side the enzyme aqueous solution 20g for preparing of a and encapsulate.
C. impregnated method for coating: to putting into the particle of said (C), and in 1 second, pull out at the enzyme liquid of a of said (1) preparation.With the speed well-tuned below 1 second and make that it is important that the enzyme liquid phase is only encapsulated 20～30g for particle 1000g.
(E) disintegration test
The preparation of simulated gastric fluid: Xiang Shuizhong adds 10% hydrochloric acid and is prepared into pH and reaches 3.0 (fish Gastric pH 2.6-3.8).
Disintegration exerciser: will test with particle and put into the 100ml triangular flask, and put into after water (seawater) or the simulated gastric fluid 80ml, and be placed on the shaking table (shaker) with 150 times/minute side-to-side movements and experimentize.
(F) disintegration experimental result
The particle that encapsulates processing began to scatter through 23 hours in water; And in simulated gastric fluid; Then fully disintegration in 27 hours, but through the particle that encapsulates processing in water (seawater) in 5 minutes, begin to scatter from the surface and the fragment of particle begins to fall down; And in simulated gastric fluid, then disintegration [table 1] fully within 1 hour 10 minutes.
Use enzyme is prepared into the aqueous solution, be suspended in the grease class, be prepared into the emulsion of O/W type, or making the mode of encapsulating is atomizing, absorption type, the result who carries out the disintegration test of impregnated, no matter which kind of does not all have special difference [table 1].
Table 1 [table 1]
(G) feeding experiment
Flatfish in raising was gone on a hunger strike (in the feed of feeding before making it is in stomach, not retaining) through 24 hours afterwards, with the swelling granular that encapsulates with carry out swelling granular that enzyme encapsulates as experimental group, take the photograph respectively [Fig. 1] behind the bait; Every through 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours; 4 hours; 5 hours, 6 hours, dissect in the time of 12 hours.In having eaten the flatfish that carries out the feed that enzyme encapsulates, confirm; Feed began disintegration in 1 hour; The particle disintegration of taking the photograph bait through 1 hour 30 minutes forms the state [Fig. 2] of congee shape, through complete disintegration [Fig. 3] in 2 hours, even if but encapsulate processing through also not disintegration in 6 hours; Expand 1.7 times and keep the particle circle from cover to cover than the size of taking the photograph bait, have elasticity [Fig. 4] like sponge.Through the result who dissects after 12 hours, just begin disintegration that kind and particle circle originally begins to scatter and forms the congee shape.
On the other hand, the upper end of Fig. 1 is the photo of the flatfish in raising with MP feed (uncooked feed), and the lower end is the photo of the flatfish in the feed raising that encapsulates of the enzyme with embodiment 1.With the flatfish color in the feed raising of the present invention, seeing also healthy apperance, it is significantly more outstanding to confirm to compare the flatfish of raising with MP.
[embodiment 2: after the swelling granular moulding 1,2 time encapsulate]
(A) composition of swelling granular and forming method are identical with said embodiment 1.
(B) preparation of enzyme liquid
With respect to the pellet 2500g of moulding and add AMS 0.4g, acid protease 0.5g, lipase 0.1g and add water to and reach 100g.
(C) method for coating
Spraying at particle surface with atomizing with respect to expanded pellet feed 100 weight portions and with fish oil (salmon oil) and to encapsulate for 1 time and make increment to 2～3 weight portions, more said enzyme liquid is being encapsulated for 2 times and reach 2～3 weight portions with respect to expanded pellet feed 100 weight portions.
So proof encapsulates the grease class for 1 time, then forms tunicle and AMS in particle surface grease class; Protease; Lipase etc. do not permeate granule interior, thereby in water (seawater), slowly scatter, the effect of the present invention of in simulated gastric fluid, scattering in the short time.
(D) disintegration test method
Implement with said embodiment 1 identical method.
(E) disintegration result of the test
As control group, the disintegration time of the particle that does not carry out encapsulating for 1,2 time is; In water, just began to scatter through 23 hours; In simulated gastric fluid, then disintegration fully within 27 hours, but implement 1; Encapsulate for 2 times in water (seawater) after through 15 minutes the beginning particle surface become coarse and feed source fragment begins to fall down, then safe disintegration and disperseing in water with the size of feed source power size (80 sieve mesh) before the grain forming within 1 hour 40 minutes in simulated gastric fluid.In addition, replace fish oil and use soybean oil, the plant oil lipid of corn wet goods encapsulates for 1 time, and disintegration time is also identical.
(F) feeding experiment
As said embodiment 1; Carry out 1 to feeding through the flatfish of going on a hunger strike in 24 hours; Behind the particle that 2 times encapsulate, per hour get the result of a dissection, through 1 hour the sign that begins disintegration that appears; Then complete disintegration through 2 hours forms the congee shape, has arrived in the intestines through 4 hours the particles that almost do not have retention congee shape under one's belt.
[embodiment 3: enzyme emulsion encapsulates after the swelling granular moulding]
(A) composition of swelling granular and forming method are identical with said embodiment 1.
(B) preparation of enzyme emulsion liquid
With respect to the pellet 2500g of moulding and add AMS 0.2g, acid protease 0.5g, lipase 0.1g, fish oil 20g is added to behind the sorbitan fatty acid ester 60g and reaches 100g.
Before adding water, Xiang Shuizhong, with HPMC, chitosan salt, the tunicle of alginates etc. form agent and prepare after adding 0.1～2g dissolving with respect to the pellet 2500g of moulding.
(C) method for coating
With the particle 2 of moulding, 500g puts into the machine of encapsulating, and is rotating pot enzyme emulsion liquid 100g with said (B) item and is encapsulating through injection in 15 minutes.
(D) disintegration result of the test
The particle that encapsulates processing began to scatter through 23 hours in water; Disintegration fully within 27 hours in simulated gastric fluid; But the particle that encapsulates with enzyme emulsion liquid in water through not disintegration in 25 minutes, and disintegration fully in 1 hour 50 minutes in simulated gastric fluid.
Said tens of kinds variation key element (is changed the kind that tunicle forms agent; The kind of grease and emulsifier type) whole result of experiment; The difference that disintegration time in water (seawater) postpones is 1～30 minute, is disintegration fully within 1 hour 50 minutes in simulated gastric fluid.
(E) raising experiment
As said embodiment 1; Feed to the flatfish of going on a hunger strike and to carry out per hour getting a result who dissects behind the particle that emulsion encapsulates through 24 hours; The sign that begins disintegration that appears through 1 hour; Complete disintegration through 2 hours becomes the congee shape, and retains the particle of congee shape and arrived in the intestines through 4 hours almost do not have under one's belt.
In addition; In order to carry out the growth property raising experiment of essence, with a large amount of preparations of the swelling granular of said embodiment 3 and 1～December 30 August, through 5 months; In Jizhou Island plant, implement raising experiment as control group for growth property (increase of fish body weight) with uncooked feed (MP).
Because it is movable active to have reported that at Korea S Republic of Korea Republic Of in January, 2009 academy of sciences's publication (TR2009-AQ001) flatfish is taken the photograph bait 22～26 ℃ (8～December); Present difference significantly according to the growth property of feed kind; In 20 ℃ of growth property differences of low water temperature device, thereby only in the optimum water temperature device, implement raising experiment with next no uncooked feed (MP) and expanded pellet feed.
Growth property (increase of fish body weight) is that the flatfish of fish body weight 300～400g is put into 2 different tanks; Take the photograph the uncooked feed (MP) of bait identical weight (dry thing benchmark) and the feed of embodiment 3 (SEP) 1 day 2 times every day simultaneously, measures the fish body weight and obtain mean value with 1 month interval.
For two kinds of feeds (MP and SEP), do not find the significant difference that the fish body weight increases after 5 months, but it is more healthy to take the photograph the flatfish of bait embodiment 3, color is also better.
[embodiment 4: after the swelling granular moulding 1,2,3 times encapsulate]
(A) composition of swelling granular and forming method are identical with said embodiment 1.
(B) preparation of enzyme liquid
Put into proper container and be added to respect to the pellet 2500g of moulding and with AMS 0.4g and acid protease 0.1g and reach 100g.
(C) tunicle forms the agent preparation
Weigh HPMC2g with respect to the pellet 2500g of moulding and put into proper container, and be added to reach 100g after, stir slowly and preparation transparent solution fully.
(D) keep preparation
From cover to cover use salmon oil.
(E) emulsifying agent preparation
The HLB valency is 4.3 in the use sorbitan fatty acid ester.
(F) method for coating
A.1 time tunicle forms agent, 2 grease classes, and 3 times enzyme liquid encapsulates
The particle 2500g of moulding put into encapsulate pot, rotating and encapsulate pot and form agent through the tunicle that sprayed 25g (C) in 10 minutes slowly
The salmon oil 50g of (D) is sprayed in the dry back of heat air delivery (80 ℃), sprays the enzyme liquid 50g of (B) and encapsulates.
B.1 inferior grease class, 2 times tunicle forms agent, and 3 times enzyme liquid encapsulates
The mode of encapsulating of said a item is replaced by salmon oil 1 time, and 2 tunicles form agent, the order of 3 enzyme liquid and implementing.
C.1 inferior emulsifying agent, 2 grease classes, 3 times enzyme liquid encapsulates
The particle 2500g of moulding put into encapsulate pot, rotating and encapsulate pot and spray with compression sprayer after the emulsifying agent 20g of (E),, carry out the 3rd time with the enzyme liquid 50g of said (B) and encapsulate with salmon oil 50g 2 injections in the same manner.
D.1 inferior emulsifying agent, 2 times enzyme liquid encapsulates
The particle 2500g of moulding put into encapsulates pot, rotating encapsulate pot through 10 minutes pressure atomization inchmeal (E) emulsifying agent 50g after encapsulate the enzyme liquid 50g of (B).
(G) disintegration result of the test
Method for coating a, b began to scatter in water after 15 minutes, in simulated gastric fluid; Disintegration fully in 1 hour 15 minutes, c began to scatter in water after 17 minutes, disintegration fully in 1 hour 12 minutes in simulated gastric fluid; D is in water; In 5 minutes, begin to scatter, in simulated gastric fluid, then disintegration fully in 56 minutes.
(H) feeding experiment
Like said embodiment 1; To the flatfish of going on a hunger strike in 24 hours feed carry out particle that emulsion encapsulates after; Per hour get a result who dissects; The sign that begins disintegration that appears through 1 hour becomes the congee shape through 2 hours complete disintegrations, has arrived in the intestines through 6 hours the particles that almost do not have the congee shape of retaining under one's belt.
[industrial applicibility]
Replace uncooked feed (MP) to raise with pellet through the present invention's preparation; Be sure of that fish growth speed is also identical; Not only feeding cost reduces; Broken feed effluent and feed do not digest the excremental sea of fish and pollute and reduce when taking the photograph bait, thus the also minimizing significantly of water system disease incident, and breeding environment improves greatly.
Claims (19)
1. breed fish and use pellet, it is characterized in that, on particle (Pellet) feed of moulding, encapsulated enzyme.
2. breeding fish of claim 1 used pellet, it is characterized in that, said enzyme is to be selected from following more than one: AMS, maltogenic amylase, beta amylase; Cellulase, 1,4 beta-glucanase, glucoamylase, hemicellulase, pectase; Lactase, zytase, chitosan enzyme, 'beta '-mannase, lipase; Phytase, alkali protease, acid protease, neutral proteinase, vegetable protein enzyme and bromelain.
3. breeding fish of claim 1 used pellet, it is characterized in that, with respect to pellet 100 weight portions of moulding and on particle, encapsulated 0.001～20 weight portion or 1～200, the enzyme of 000 unit.
4. breeding fish of claim 1 used pellet, it is characterized in that, on the pellet of moulding, encapsulates for 1 time with the grease class, and encapsulates for 2 times with enzyme.
5. breeding fish of claim 1 used pellet, it is characterized in that, on the pellet of moulding, use by enzyme, and the grease class, the emulsion that tunicle formation agent and emulsifying agent are prepared from encapsulates.
6. breeding fish of claim 5 used pellet, it is characterized in that, said grease class is to be selected from following more than one: tallow, lard, fish oil; Suet, chicken fat, corn oil, soybean oil, lecithin; Cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, palm oil and rice bran oil.
7. breeding fish of claim 5 used pellet, it is characterized in that, it is to be selected from following more than one that said tunicle forms agent: natural rubber, guar gum; Cellulose, alginates, chitosan salt, sodium carboxymethylcellulose; HPMC, Sodium Polyacrylate gathers the methyl urea, gelatin; Sulfonic acid lignin, agar, carrageenan, hydroxyethylcellulose and poloxamer.
8. breeding fish of claim 5 used pellet, it is characterized in that, said emulsifying agent is to be selected from following more than one: methyl glycol fatty acid ester; Lecithin; Fatty acid glyceride, alcoholic extract, sucrose fatty ester; Sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester and polyoxyethylene fatty acid glyceride.
9. breeding fish of claim 1 used pellet, it is characterized in that, on particle, forms agent with tunicle and encapsulates for 1 time, encapsulates for 2 times with the grease class, and encapsulates for 3 times with enzyme.
10. breeding fish of claim 1 used pellet, it is characterized in that, on particle, encapsulates for 1 time with the grease class, forms agent with tunicle and encapsulates for 2 times, and encapsulate for 3 times with enzyme.
11. pellet is used in breeding fish of claim 1, it is characterized in that, on particle, encapsulates for 1 time with emulsifying agent, encapsulates for 2 times with the grease class, and encapsulates for 3 times with enzyme.
12. pellet is used in breeding fish of claim 1, it is characterized in that, on particle, encapsulates for 1 time with emulsifying agent, encapsulates for 2 times with enzyme.
13. breed fish with the preparation method of pellet, it is characterized in that, after particle (Pellet) moulding, encapsulate said particle with enzyme.
14. breeding fish with the preparation method of pellet of claim 13 is characterized in that, on the particle of moulding, encapsulates for 1 time with the grease class, and encapsulates for 2 times with enzyme.
15. breeding fish with the preparation method of pellet of claim 13 is characterized in that, encapsulates on particle after said enzyme is suspended in animal raw fat class or plant oil lipid.
16. breeding fish with the preparation method of pellet of claim 13 is characterized in that, said enzyme and tunicle formed agent one coexist and disperse in the water, or encapsulate on particle after being prepared into the aqueous solution.
17. breeding fish with the preparation method of pellet of claim 13 is characterized in that, with said enzyme and grease class, tunicle formation agent and emulsifying agent encapsulate on particle after together being prepared into emulsion.
18. breeding fish with the preparation method of pellet of claim 13 is characterized in that, on the particle of moulding, encapsulates for 1 time with emulsifying agent, and encapsulates for 2 times with enzyme.
19. the method for breeding of fish is characterized in that, cultures fish with each pellet in the claim 1～12.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020090063169A KR100954864B1 (en) | 2009-07-10 | 2009-07-10 | Pellet feed with excellent dissolution and digestibility for raising fish and its manufacturing process |
| KR10-2009-0063169 | 2009-07-10 | ||
| PCT/KR2009/003961 WO2011004930A1 (en) | 2009-07-10 | 2009-07-17 | Pellet feed for fish farming having excellent dissolution and digestion efficiency, and method for preparing same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102573515A true CN102573515A (en) | 2012-07-11 |
| CN102573515B CN102573515B (en) | 2014-06-25 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200980160736.2A Active CN102573515B (en) | 2009-07-10 | 2009-07-17 | Pellet feed for fish farming having excellent dissolution and digestion efficiency, and method for preparing same |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP5597707B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100954864B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102573515B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011004930A1 (en) |
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| CN103005186A (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2013-04-03 | 武汉新华扬生物股份有限公司 | Special complex enzyme preparation for turtle and eel feeds |
| CN104522297A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-22 | 朱勤 | Coated puffed feed processing method |
| CN104642774A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2015-05-27 | 苏州苏湘特种水产养殖场 | Grease prescription of aquatic feed |
| CN105394453A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-03-16 | 湖州品创孵化器有限公司 | Feed additive capable of improving quality of grass carps |
| CN107912627A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-04-17 | 定远县朱湾镇绿农养殖专业合作社 | A kind of safe and healthy compound feed for pig preparation method |
| CN109198164A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-01-15 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of soft-shelled turtle feed and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109221804A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-01-18 | 何秋宏 | A kind of low fish meal perch highly effective and safe mixed feed |
| CN110430764A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2019-11-08 | 乐天精密化学株式会社 | Fodder compound for cultured fishes, feed comprising it and preparation method thereof |
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| CN110430764A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2019-11-08 | 乐天精密化学株式会社 | Fodder compound for cultured fishes, feed comprising it and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109221805A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-01-18 | 何秋宏 | A kind of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN109221804A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-01-18 | 何秋宏 | A kind of low fish meal perch highly effective and safe mixed feed |
| CN109198164A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-01-15 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of soft-shelled turtle feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN114698749A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-07-05 | 福建省农业科学院生物技术研究所 | Functional aquatic product puffed pellet feed and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102573515B (en) | 2014-06-25 |
| KR100954864B1 (en) | 2010-04-28 |
| JP2012532602A (en) | 2012-12-20 |
| WO2011004930A1 (en) | 2011-01-13 |
| JP5597707B2 (en) | 2014-10-01 |
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