KR100954864B1 - Pellet feed with excellent dissolution and digestibility for raising fish and its manufacturing process - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: Pellet feed for breeding fish and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to improve growth speed of fish while preventing sea contamination by minimizing excrement of the fish with good digestibility for the fish. CONSTITUTION: A manufacturing method of pellet feed includes a step for coating swollen pellet feed with fats and oils and a step for coating the pellet feed with enzyme or emulsion manufactured with the fats and oils, emulsifier and the enzyme. The enzyme is α - amylase, maltogenic amylase, β - amylase, β - glucanase, glucoamylase, hemicellulase, pectinase, lactase, chitosanase, β-mannase, lipase, phatase, alkaline protease, acidic protease, neutral protease, vegetable protease or bromelain. The emulsifier is propylene glycol fatty acid ester, lecithin, glycerin fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester or polyoxyethylene glycerol fatty acid ester.

Description

Fish feed with excellent dissolution and digestibility for raising fish and its manufacturing process

The present invention relates to a pellet feed for fish farming having excellent disintegration and digestion efficiency and a method for preparing the same.

Fish feed is added to fish (mackerel, canine, sardines, anchovies, etc.) and 10% of powdered feed made from a mixture of flour, fishmeal, and soybean meal. For this purpose, two kinds of expanded pellets (EP, SEP, DP) formed by the expansion machine were mixed with frozen raw meal (Moisture Pellet, MP) and fish meal, flour, starch, soybean meal, gluten, etc. The most commonly used raw feed (MP) is to throw frozen pellets into fish tanks to feed them, so 10-15% of fish are released before they are eaten and flow into the sea. The government has mobilized various support measures to prevent the use of raw feeds and recommends expanded pellet feeds (EP, SEP, DP) that do not release when thrown into water. The use of raw feed (MP) has not been diminished as the general feed is superior to the expanded pellets.

Puffed pellet feed is mixed with fish meal, wheat flour, starch (alpha starch), soybean meal, corn, soybean and wheat extract gluten, crushed into 80 mesh, mixed with vitamins and minerals, stirred, and then compressed There are two types of methods for preparing precipitated pellets by simply pressing them into a pellet maker and injecting them into an extruder to inflate them by sending water vapor of 80 to 200 ° C (usually 120 to 170 ° C) to swell.

Flour (wheat flour) and starch formulated during pellet feed production act as a binder (binder) to form a feed source such as fish meal and at the same time expand and expand during the phase change of water vapor (liquid to gas). It is formulated for the purpose of making bubble collection and floating. In more detail, starch is entangled with two types of giant polysaccharides, amylose and amylopectin, to form a micelle structure, and when it is added with water, it expands (alpha-starch) to expand and has a coking force. But it has physical properties that expand in volume. However, when it is returned to room temperature or cooled, it becomes beta starch before gelatinization and becomes a hard substance that does not bind well with water.

Due to such physical properties of starch, digestion efficiency is extremely poor because disintegration in fish gastric juices (disintegration time: 20-36 hours in artificial gastric fluids of commercially available expanded pellets) is difficult. .

In order to solve this problem, sediment pellets are used by using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), alginate, guar gum, natural gum, carbopol, methyl cellulose, agar, pectin, carrageenan, etc. instead of starch as a caking agent. In some cases, the disintegration may solve the problem, but the above-mentioned materials are not expanded due to the phase change of water vapor, and thus, they are not able to manufacture floating pellets, and because the pellets are crushed and broken after drying due to a poor mixing force with fish meal, etc. It cannot be used in pellets.

Because of these problems, starch, which has both binding and swelling power, is indispensable in the manufacture of pellet feed.

However, the starch returned to beta starch is poorly disintegrated in fish gastric juice (pH 2.6 to 3.8) (20-36 hours disintegration time in artificial gastric juice). Due to the large drawback of slowed growth rate due to reduced feeding, fishers avoid pellet feed (EP, SEP, DP) and prefer live feed (MP), which is the main cause of sea pollution, and cannot be farmed offshore. The sea environment is being devastated by eutrophication.

Since it is essential to formulate starch when preparing pellet feeds, a method of reducing starch blending ratio and using it together with other binders has been studied, but a complete method has not been found.

In order to prevent alpha starch from returning back to beta starch, emulsifiers such as glycerin fatty acid esters, in particular monoglycerides, are formulated and water drops suddenly drop below 10%. There is no significant contribution to shortening time and increasing digestive efficiency.

Although this method was ineffective, we studied the method of combining alpha amylase, a starch degrading enzyme, and glucoamylase, a glycosylating enzyme, in pellet feed.However, if alpha amylase and glucoamylase are formulated and prepared during sediment feed, the enzyme functions during distribution. As this progresses, the pellet breaks down and cannot serve as a pellet feed. If the alpha amylase is mixed with a feed source such as fish meal during the preparation of the expanded feed, the enzyme dies in the expander (temperature 120 ~ 170 ℃) and does not play a role as an enzyme. I can't.

On the other hand, poor disintegration and poor digestion efficiency in fish gastric juice are contained in wheat flour or the extracted gluten, which is combined with the feed source, expands in the expander to form a matrix of fibrous reticulated structure. It is known that it is due to the plant protein that makes bubbles by forming bubbles to hold bubbles.

Since there is no protein that forms fibrous reticulum by water phase change in fish animal protein as well as terrestrial animal, it is essential to combine gluten, which is a vegetable protein, with the feed source. Settling pellets can be prepared without gluten, but floating pellets cannot be prepared without gluten (wheat flour).

And while fish chews food in the oral cavity, it secretes enzymes such as amylase, which does not have any function to break down some of the food, but only swallows the food and sends it up. In the stomach, it secretes its own enzyme that can break down starch and gluten, a vegetable protein. They do not break down beta starch (the breakdown of α-1,4 glucosidic bonds) in fish gastric juices because they are not or are secreted very little. As a result, fishmeal, which is a main feed source bound to starch, is not easily decomposed by pepsin in the stomach, and digestion efficiency is poor in the intestine, and thus the feed coefficient is not fully utilized, which leads to a high feed factor and a slow growth rate.

Therefore, the present inventors have studied to solve the above problems, as a result of coating the enzyme on the surface of the pellet feed pellets is easy to eat fish, pellets do not crumble well for a certain time while floating in water (including seawater) fish Swallowing the food quickly dissolves in the stomach, so it is not only digested and absorbed well, but also minimizes the excretion of the administered feed as a source of nutrients, thus preventing contamination of the ocean (e.g. eutrophication) while increasing the feed coefficient and increasing growth (fish weight gain) The present invention has been completed by developing pellet feeds (EP, SEP, DP).

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a pellet feed for fish farming with improved disintegration, digestion and absorption in the stomach for replacing raw feed (MP, Moisture Pellet), which is the main cause of sea pollution, and a method of preparing the same. .

The present invention is characterized by a pellet feed for fish farming enzyme coated on the expanded pellet (Pellet) feed.

In another aspect, the present invention is characterized by a method for producing a pellet feed for fish farming, characterized in that the pellet feed is expanded, and then the enzyme is coated on the pellet feed.

The pellet feed for fish farming prepared by the production method of the present invention does not dissolve well in water (including seawater) in farming fish in the fish farm, but quickly disintegrates in the stomach, thereby improving digestion efficiency and lowering the feed coefficient while reducing growth costs ( Increased body weight) can be used to replace live feed (MP), which has a substantial effect and is a major contributor to ocean pollution.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a pellet feed for fish farming, which is slowly released after a certain time in water by coating with an enzyme after the pellet feed swelling, the disintegration is fast in the stomach of the fish and excellent digestion efficiency.

The core of the present invention is a pellet feed for fish farming coated with enzyme on the expanded pellet feed and a method for producing the same.

In more detail, when the pellet feed is expanded and coated with enzymes, these enzymes are adsorbed on the surface of the pellets, and when the fish are fed, the enzymes adsorbed on the surface are activated in gastric juice, resulting in rapid disintegration and greatly improved digestion efficiency. will be.

The enzyme may be a sugar such as α-amylase, maltogenic amylase, β-amylase, cellulase, β-glucanase, glucoamylase, hemicellulase, pectinase, lactase, chisyranase, chitosanase, β-mannase, and the like. Degrading enzymes; Lipolytic enzymes such as lipase; Phosphorylases such as phytase; As a proteolytic enzyme, such as an alkaline protease, an acidic protease, a neutral protease, a vegetable protease, a bromelain, 1 type, or 2 or more types can be used.

In addition, the enzyme is preferably coated on the expanded pellet feed by using 0.001 to 20 parts by weight or 1 to 200,000 units with respect to 100 parts by weight of the expanded pellet feed, and more preferably 0.001 to 7 parts by weight or 1 to 100,000 units is good. If less than 0.001 parts by weight can not achieve the desired effect, if more than 20 parts by weight there is a problem that the inhibition of enzyme action in circulation is impossible.

In addition, it is preferable to suspend the enzyme in fat or fat (animal fat or vegetable fats and oils), disperse in water together with the film forming agent, or make an aqueous solution of enzyme and coat the expanded pellet feed. In particular, the animal or vegetable oils and fats, tallow, pork, fish oil, sunny, chicken oil, corn oil, soybean oil, lecithin, cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil, edible residual oil (refined), palm oil, sunflower oil, palm oil, rice bran oil, etc. For example, it is preferable to use 0.1 to 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the expanded pellet feed. In addition, the coating agent is a natural gum, guar gum, cellulose, alginate, chitosan salt, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, HPMC, sodium polyacrylate, polymethylcarbamide, gelatin, lignin sulfonate, agar, carrageenan, hydroxy At least one selected from ethyl cellulose and poloxamer is preferred, and it is based on 100 parts by weight of the expanded pellet feed. The use of 0.001 to 10 parts by weight is preferable for the reason that the film is safe.

The coating method after the pellet feed expansion is not only prevents the enzyme from being killed during the expansion (temperature 120 to 170 ° C.) step (passing through the extruder) during the manufacturing process, but also during the grinding or mixing step before the expansion of the expansion phase. Unlike the pre-mixing of the enzyme, the enzyme is not deeply blended inside the pellet, but is attached to the outside of the pellet, so that the pellet does not crumble and the pellet does not deteriorate because the enzyme activation mechanism does not progress even during a significant distribution period. As the mold was kept clean, disintegration was accelerated in the stomach, improving digestion efficiency, and the feed coefficient was lowered, thereby increasing the utilization of internal feed, thereby reducing the amount of excretion. In particular, if the primary coating with fats and oils or the second coating with enzymes or dispersions, or the enzymes or dispersions are made with oils, film formers, emulsifiers, and emulsions, the part of the surface of the pellets will be in water when the feed is thrown into the water during raising. It could solve the shortcomings that were released quickly.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a fish feed pellet feed coated with an emulsion prepared by enzymes, fats and oils, encapsulating agents and emulsifiers, or primary coating of expanded pellet feed with oils and secondary coatings with enzymes. Its preparation method is also included. The emulsifier is preferably at least one selected from propylene glycol fatty acid esters, lecithin, glycerin fatty acid esters, spirit extracts, sucrose fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters and polyoxyethylene glycerol fatty acid esters. In particular, in the preparation of emulsion, 0.001 to 20 parts by weight or 1 to 200,000 units of enzyme, 0.1 to 15 parts by weight of fats and oils, 0.001 to 5 parts by weight of film forming agent and 0.05 to 10 parts by weight of emulsifier are used per 100 parts by weight of expanded pellet feed. .

In addition, the present invention is first coated with a film-forming agent to the expanded pellet feed with a film-forming agent, and then a second coating with an oil, or a third coating with an enzyme, or a first coating with a fat or oil and then coated with a film-forming agent to the expanded pellet feed 3rd coating with the next enzyme, or 1st coating with the emulsifier on the swollen pellet feed, 2nd coating with the oils and then 3rd coating with the enzyme, or 1st coating with the emulsifier on the swollen pellet feed Tea coating may also include a method for preparing a pellet feed for fish farming.

In the preparation of the enzyme coating solution, the enzyme is used to make an aqueous solution of 0.001 to 20% according to the enzyme force (unit), and the enzyme that is not dissolved in water is prepared by coating a suspension while stirring. A single aqueous solution of each enzyme may be coated or each enzyme may be combined to prepare and coat an aqueous solution. In addition, by simply mixing a mixture of fat or oil (vegetable fat or animal fat) and the aqueous solution of enzyme as well as the aqueous solution of enzyme or suspension, it is possible to continuously stir with a stirrer or coated with an lipophilic emulsifier to make and coat an emulsion of O / W type. have.

When pellets are thrown into a fish farm, they are usually up to about 10 minutes, so when they are thrown into water (sea water), the pellets should not be released from the water (sea water) for at least 10 to 15 minutes. Furthermore, when fishers accidentally throw excess food, the fish should not be released in water for about 30 minutes to recover the remaining pellets.

As described above, in the present invention, it is preferable to coat an aqueous solution of enzyme or a suspension of enzyme powder on the expanded pellet feed, and also the enzyme attached to the outside of the pellet is penetrated into the pellet in small amounts during the distribution or storage period so that the enzyme As the process proceeds, it can be released quickly, so that the coated enzyme does not penetrate into the pellet quickly but adheres only to the surface of the pellet. It is more preferable to apply a second coating of an aqueous solution or dispersion of the enzyme, and after dissolving and dispersing the enzyme in water, and then forming an oil-based oil, a film forming agent, an emulsifier, etc., and coating the oil, it does not loosen easily when thrown into water. Has good disintegration, high digestion efficiency, low feed coefficient and faster growth rate. It is most preferred to. It does not penetrate into the pellet and adheres only to the surface of the pellet, but is immediately activated in gastric fluid. The aqueous solution containing the enzyme is dispersed into fine particles by the oils, emulsifiers and film forming agents to disperse the aqueous solution or dispersion into fine particles. It is because it is attached.

On the other hand, the physiological phenomena of fish are classified into carnivorous fish and herbivorous fish, and most marine fish are carnivorous fish, and these carnivorous fish are carbohydrates (starch, etc.) that are not used as energy sources and are excreted in vitro. It is known that the protease that can also break down plant protein (gluten, etc.) is not secreted in the body or secreted in trace amounts.

A study on the development of high-efficiency blended feeds and commercialization-I, published by the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute of the Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, January 2009 (Science Bulletin No. TR-2009-AQ-001). ), White fish meal (cod), brown fish meal (anchovy), brown fish meal (fish), brown fish meal (sardine) and other proteins derived from marine fish (actin, myogen, tropomyogen, actomyogen) More than 90% of these are reported in grain feed sources, such as soybean meal (glycinin, conglycinin, etc.) and crude protein in corn-gluten (70%). However, there has been no research on whether the digestion of vegetable protein by 70% indicates that fish secrete enzymes capable of breaking down these proteins, or that proteases that break down animal-derived animal proteins break down vegetable proteins by side reactions. In view of the inventors' experience in raising and the literature published so far, it is considered that it is decomposition by side reactions.

Therefore, in combination with the purpose of disintegrating pellets, the incorporation of enzymes into the pellet feed, which the fish cannot synthesize by itself, is essential to break down the starch and gluten formulated for pellet shaping. However, since the inactivation temperature of these enzymes is the maximum temperature of 110 ° C (protein enzyme is 70 ° C), when the expanded pellets are prepared in the expansion phase (120-170 ° C), all of them were killed and blended, and thus no effect was obtained. Coating after pellet molding (after the expansion step) can completely prevent inactivation.

As the coating method, spraying, dipping and adsorption may be used, but spraying is most suitable for coating pellets.

The method of raising the fish farmed in the final pellet feed thus prepared is also included in the present invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example  1: expansion Pellet  Primary after molding Enzyme solution  coating

(A) Puffed pellet feed composition

Fishmeal (Chile Super Prime) 70.0 wt%

Flour (wheat flour) 4.0% by weight

Alpha starch 7.0 wt%

Peeled soybean meal 2.0 wt%

Squid liver powder 2.0 wt%

Corn Extract Gluten 3.0 wt%

Salmon oil 2.0 wt%

Multivitamin and General Mineral 0.5 wt%

Water vapor 9.5% by weight

(B) mixing and grinding

The composition of (a) was put in a mixer and the mixed evenly mixed for 20 minutes was transferred to a grinder and operated for 30 minutes to grind to 80 mesh.

(C) Extruder and cooling

The pulverized composition of item (b) was placed in a puffing machine, swelled by sending water vapor, and then molded into pellets having a diameter of 9 to 10 mm, and the molded pellets were cooled by an air cooler.

(D) Enzyme solution and enzyme solution primary coating

(1) Preparation of enzyme liquid

a. Aqueous solution

0.2 g of α-amylase and 0.4 g of acidic protease were placed in a suitable container with respect to 2500 g of the molded pellet feed, and water was added to make 100 g.

b. How to Suspend Enzyme Liquid in Oils and Fats

0.2 g of α-amylase, 0.4 g of acidic protease, and 100 g of salmon oil were added to 2500 g of the pellet feed, and the mixture was placed in a container with a stirrer and warmed, and stirred while warming to 40 to 60 ° C.

c. How to prepare O / W emulsion

For 2500 g of pelleted pellet feed, add 0.2 g of α-amylase, 0.4 g of acidic protease, 60 g of water and warm to 70 ° C. Separately, add 20 g of fish oil, 2.4 g of glycerine fatty acid ester, 1.6 g of sorbitan fatty acid ester, and add 70 g. After warming to 2 ° C, both solutions were emulsified in a homomixture to prepare an O / W emulsion.

(2) Coating method

a. Spray coating method: 20 to 30 g of the enzyme solution prepared in the above (1) was sprayed (spray type) with respect to 1000 g of the expanded pellet of (C).

b. Adsorption coating method: 1000 g of the pellet of (C) was put into a stirring coating pan (for drug preparation) and the coating pan was sprinkled with a small amount of 20 g of the aqueous solution of enzyme prepared in (1).

c. Immersion coating method: The pellet of (c) was put in the enzyme solution prepared in a of (1), and was taken out in 1 second. It is important to control the rate well to less than 1 second so that only 20-30 g of enzyme solution is coated per 1000 g of pellet.

(E) Disintegration test

Preparation of artificial gastric juice: pH of 3.0 (fish gastric juice pH 2.6-3.8) was prepared by adding 10% hydrochloric acid to water.

Disintegration tester: The test pellets were put into a 100 ml Erlenmeyer flask, and 80 ml of water (sea water) or artificial gastric juice was added and placed on a shaker (150 shakers per minute).

(F) Disintegration test results

Uncoated pellets began to dissolve in water after 23 hours and completely disintegrated in 27 hours in artificial gastric fluid, but coated pellets began to dissolve from the surface within 5 minutes in water (sea water). It began to fall off and completely disintegrated in gastric juice in 1 hour and 10 minutes [Table 1].

The enzymes were prepared in aqueous solution, suspended in fats and oils, emulsions of type O / W, or disintegrated with coating, sprayed, adsorbed, or immersed. There was no difference [Table 1].

TABLE 1

division Time to loosen in water Disintegration time in artificial gastric juice Enzyme Coating Coating method × × More than 23 hours 27 hours ○, enzyme solution a a 5 to 31 minutes 50 minutes ~ 1 hour 10 minutes ○, enzyme solution a b 5 to 26 minutes 47 minutes-1 hour 5 minutes ○, enzyme solution a c 5 to 24 minutes 45 minutes-1 hour 8 minutes ○, enzyme solution b a 7 to 42 minutes 52 minutes-1 hour 7 minutes ○, enzyme solution c a 8 to 41 minutes 56 minutes-1 hour 10 minutes

(G) Shaft test

After 24 hours of fasting the flounder in order to prevent the feed before feeding to remain in the stomach, and then fed the expanded coated pellets and the coated coated pellets separately to the experimental group [Fig. 1], 1 hour Anatomized every 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours. The flounder that had been coated with enzyme began to disintegrate in 1 hour, and after 1 hour and 30 minutes, the feed pellet was disintegrated and confirmed to be atherosclerosis [Fig. 2], but after 2 hours, it was completely disintegrated [Fig. 3] The untreated coating was not disintegrated after 6 hours, and maintained the original shape of the pellets by swelling 1.7 times larger than the size of feeding. [4] After 12 hours of dissection, it was only then that it began to disintegrate, and then the original form of the pellet was released and became an atherosclerosis.

On the other hand, Figure 1 is a flounder farming in the upper part is MP feed (raw feed), the bottom is a photograph of the flounder farming in the enzyme-coated feed of Example 1. In the feed according to the present invention can be seen that the flounder being raised in color is also good and healthy look better than the flounder raised in MP.

Example  2: swelling Pellet  1st and 2nd coating after molding

(A) The composition and molding method of the expanded pellets are the same as in Example 1.

(B) Preparation of enzyme solution

0.4 g of α-amylase, 0.5 g of acidic protease and 0.1 g of lipase were added to 2500 g of the pellet pellet.

(B) Coating method

Primary coating on the surface of the pellet while spraying fish oil (salmon oil) by spraying so as to increase the amount to 2-3 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the expanded pellet feed, and again 2 to 3 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the enzyme pellet. 2nd coating as possible.

In this way, when the oil is first coated, the oil is formed on the surface of the pellet so that α-amylase, protease, and lipase do not penetrate into the pellet, so that the oil is released late in water (sea water) and released in a short time in artificial gastric juice. To prove the effect.

(C) Disintegration test method

It carried out in the same manner as in Example 1.

(D) Disintegration test results

As a control, the disintegration time of pellets without first and second coatings began to dissolve in water after 23 hours and completely disintegrated in 27 hours in artificial gastric fluid, but the first and second coatings were 15 in water (sea water). After a few minutes, the surface of the pellets began to shed, and the feed source fragments began to fall off, and in the gastric juice, they disintegrated safely in 1 hour 40 minutes and dispersed in water at the size of the feed source powder (80 mesh) before pelleting. In addition, the disintegration time was the same even if the primary coating of vegetable oils such as soybean oil and corn oil instead of fish oil.

(E) Shaft test

As a result of feeding pellets coated with primary and secondary coatings to flatfish fasted for 24 hours as in Example 1, each animal was dissected one by one every hour. After 4 hours, there was almost no pellet of the stomach left, and it went to the intestines.

Example  3: swelling Pellet  Enzyme emulsion coating after molding

(A) The composition and molding method of the expanded pellets are the same as in Example 1.

(B) Preparation of enzyme emulsion

0.2 g of α-amylase, 0.5 g of acidic protease, 0.1 g of lipase, 20 g of fish oil, and 60 g of sorbitan fatty acid ester were added to 2500 g of the pellet pellet.

Before adding water, film forming agents such as HPMC, chitosan salts and alginate salts were dissolved in 0.1 to 2 g of 2500 g of the pellet pellet, and then prepared.

(C) Coating method

2,500 g of the formed pellets were placed in a coating machine, and the coating was carried out by spraying 100 g of the enzyme emulsion solution of (B) over 15 minutes while rotating the pan.

(D) Disintegration test results

Uncoated pellets began to dissolve in water after 23 hours and completely disintegrated in 27 hours in artificial gastric fluid, while pellets coated with enzyme emulsion did not disintegrate in water for 25 minutes and 1 hour in artificial gastric fluid. In 50 minutes it completely disintegrated.

As a result of experimenting with all of the dozens of change factors (different types of film forming agent, oils and oils and emulsifiers), the disintegration time delay in water (sea water) was 1 to 30 minutes. In 1 hour 50 minutes it completely disintegrated.

(E) Shaft Experiment

As a result of feeding pellets coated with emulsion to the flatfish fasted for 24 hours as in Example 1 and dissecting them one by one every hour, one hour later showed signs of disintegration and two hours later completely disintegrated into an atherosclerosis. Four hours later, there was almost no dead pellet left on the stomach.

In addition, in order to conduct a practical growth growth test, a bulk production of the expanded pellets of Example 3 was carried out in a livestock farming test for growth (fish body weight) in Jeju Island farm for 5 months from August 1 to December 30. MP) was performed as a control.

The flounder is very active in feeding at 22 ~ 26 ℃ (August-December), and there is a significant difference in growth according to feed type.In low water temperature below 20 ℃, there is no difference in growth between raw feed (MP) and expanded pellet feed. The National Fisheries Research and Development Institute reported in the January 2009 issue of the Academy of Sciences (TR-2009-AQ-001).

Growth (weight gain) was achieved by placing 300-400 g of flounder in two different tanks, daily with the same weight (dry basis) of raw feed (MP) and feed of Example 3 (SEP), twice daily. The mean weight was obtained by feeding and weighing the fish at monthly intervals.

There was no significant difference in body weight gain after 5 months in sheep feed (MP and SEP), but the flounder feeding Example 3 was healthier and better in color.

Example  4: swelling Pellet  1st, 2nd, 3rd coating after molding

(A) The composition and molding method of the expanded pellets are the same as in Example 1.

(B) Preparation of enzyme solution

0.4 g of α-amylase and 0.1 g of acidic protease were placed in a suitable container for 2500 g of the pelleted pellet feed to 100 g by adding water.

(C) Production of film forming agent

To 2500 g of the molded pellet feed, 2 g of HPMC was weighed and placed in a suitable container to make 100 g with water, followed by gentle stirring to form a completely clear solution.

(D) oil and fat manufacturing

Salmon oil was used as it is.

(E) Emulsifier Manufacturing

Of the sorbitan fatty acid esters, those having an HLB value of 4.3 were used.

(F) Coating method

a. Primary coating agent, secondary oils, tertiary enzyme liquid coating

Put the formed pellet 2500g into the coating pan and rotate the coating pan

25 g was slowly sprayed for 10 minutes, dried by sending hot air (80 ° C.), and then sprayed with 50 g of salmon oil (D) and coated by spraying 50 g of (I) enzyme solution.

b. Primary oils and fats, secondary film former, tertiary enzyme solution coating

The coating method of paragraph a was carried out in the order of the primary salmon oil, the secondary film forming agent, and the tertiary enzyme solution.

c. Primary Emulsifier, Secondary Oils, Tertiary Enzyme Coating

Put 2500 g of the pellet into the coating pan and spin the coating pan while spraying 20 g of emulsifier with a pressure spray, and then spray 50 g of salmon oil in the same way and then 50 g of enzyme solution of (B) Was coated.

d. Primary Emulsifier, Second Enzyme Coating

2500 g of the formed pellets were put in a coating pan, and 50 g of the (E) enzymatic liquid was coated after slowly spraying 50 g of the emulsifier (e) for 10 minutes while rotating the pan.

(G) Disintegration test result

Coating methods a and b began to dissolve after 15 minutes in water, completely dissolved in 1 hour and 15 minutes in artificial gastric juice, and c began to dissolve after 17 minutes in water and completely in 1 hour and 12 minutes in gastric juice. It disintegrated and d began to dissolve in water in 5 minutes and completely disintegrated in 56 minutes in artificial gastric juice.

(A) Shaft test

As a result of feeding pellets coated with emulsion to the flatfish fasted for 24 hours as in Example 1 and dissecting them one by one every hour, one hour later showed signs of disintegration and two hours later completely disintegrated into an atherosclerosis. Six hours later, there were very few dead pellets on the stomach.

Even if the livestock (MP) is replaced with livestock pellets produced by the present invention, the fish growth rate is the same, and the cost of the livestock is reduced, and the sea pollution caused by the feeding waste and feed micronized fish feces is reduced. As a result, the incidence of aquatic disease is also significantly reduced, convinced that the aquaculture environment will be greatly improved.

Figure 1 is a flounder being raised as MP feed (raw feed), the bottom is a photograph of flounder being raised with the enzyme-coated feed of Example 1.

Figure 2 is a photograph taken by dissecting 1 hour and 30 minutes after feeding with the enzyme-coated feed of Example 1 (the apparent pellets are disintegrated and clearly visible in the form of atherosclerosis).

3 is a photograph taken two hours after feeding with the enzyme-coated feed of Example 1 (more clearly seen that the pellet is completely disintegrated).

Figure 4 is a photograph taken by dissecting 6 hours after feeding the conventional pellet feed.

Claims (37)

delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete Fish pellets feed for expanded fish (Pellet) is characterized in that the oil is first coated and the enzyme is second coated, or coated with an oil made of fats, emulsifiers and enzymes. The enzyme of claim 20, wherein the enzyme is α-amylase, maltogenic amylase, β-amylase, cellulase, β-glucanase, glucoamylase, hemicellulase, pectinase, lactase, chisyranase, chitosanase, β Fish feed pellets, characterized in that at least one selected from mannase, lipase, phytase, alkaline protease, acidic protease, neutral protease, vegetable protease and bromelain. The pellet feed for fish farming according to claim 20, wherein the pellet is coated with 0.001 to 20 parts by weight or 1 to 200,000 units of enzyme with respect to 100 parts by weight of the expanded pellet feed. The fish oil according to claim 20, wherein the fat or oil is at least one selected from beef tallow, pork, fish oil, sunny, chicken oil, corn oil, soybean oil, lecithin, cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil, sunflower oil, palm oil and rice bran oil. Pellet feed. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the emulsifier is one selected from propylene glycol fatty acid esters, lecithin, glycerin fatty acid esters, spirit extracts, sucrose fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, and polyoxyethylene glycerol fatty acid esters. Fish feed pellets characterized in that the above. 21. The fish feed pellet according to claim 20, wherein the expanded pellets are first coated with a film forming agent, a second coating with a fat or oil, and a third coating with an enzyme. The pellet feed for fish farming according to claim 20, wherein the expanded pellets are first coated with fats and oils, second with a film-forming agent, and thirdly with an enzyme. 21. The fish feed pellet according to claim 20, wherein the expanded pellets are first coated with oils and emulsifiers and secondly coated with enzymes. 27. The method of claim 25 or 26, wherein the film forming agent is a natural gum, guar gum, cellulose, alginate, chitoate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, HPMC, sodium polyacrylate, polymethylcarbamide, gelatin, lignin Fish feed pellets, characterized in that at least one selected from sulfonates, agar, carrageenan, hydroxyethyl cellulose and poloxamer. 21. The pellet feed for fish farming according to claim 20, wherein the emulsion is a liquid in which an enzyme is suspended together with an emulsifier in animal oils or vegetable oils. delete delete After swelling the pellets, fish oil pellets, characterized in that the oil is first coated on the swelled pellets and the enzyme is second coated or the swelled pellets are coated with an oil made of oils, emulsifiers and enzymes. Method of making feed. 33. The method according to claim 32, wherein the emulsion is coated with the emulsifier in animal fats or vegetable fats and oils and coated on the expanded pellets. delete delete delete In the method of raising fish, 30. A method of raising fish, characterized in that farmed with the pellet feed of any one of claims 20 to 27 and 29.

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