CN102573515B - Pellet feed for fish farming having excellent dissolution and digestion efficiency, and method for preparing same - Google Patents
Pellet feed for fish farming having excellent dissolution and digestion efficiency, and method for preparing same Download PDFInfo
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- CN102573515B CN102573515B CN200980160736.2A CN200980160736A CN102573515B CN 102573515 B CN102573515 B CN 102573515B CN 200980160736 A CN200980160736 A CN 200980160736A CN 102573515 B CN102573515 B CN 102573515B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Abstract
The present invention relates to a pellet feed for fish farming having excellent dissolution and digestion efficiency, and a method for preparing the same, and more specifically to a pellet feed for fish farming wherein the pellet feed is molded then coated with an enzyme, whereby the pellet feed disperses slowly in water over a certain time period, but quickly dissolves in a fish's stomach and has excellent digestion efficiency.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to outstanding the breeding fish with pellet and preparation method thereof of disintegration and digestive efficiency.
[background technology]
Feed for fish farming has 2 kinds, one is to fish (mackerel, sand lance, sardine, anchovy etc.) the middle mixed flour that adds, fish meal, behind powder feed 10% left and right of soya-bean cake etc. and preparation, wear into after particle apperance forms type, take the photograph uncooked feed (the Moisture Pellet of bait after freezing at 20 ℃ for moulding form is not broken, MP), another kind is to mix fish meal, flour, starch, soya-bean cake, glutelin etc. and in puffing apparatus the swelling granular of moulding (EP, SEP, DP), the uncooked feeds (MP) that use at present are at most for freezing particle is fed and thrown in tank to fish, before fish eat, 10～15% scatter and flow into marine, so become the prime culprit that pollute in sea, thereby mobilizing various support policies, the government suppresses the use of uncooked feed, throw into although advocate the expanded pellet feed (EP not scattering in water, SEP, DP), but for the growth of fish, compare swelling granular, uncooked feed is more outstanding, so the use of uncooked feed (MP) does not still subtract.
Expanded pellet feed has following 2 kinds of forms: by fish meal, flour, starch (α starch), soya-bean cake, corn, soybean and wheat extract the mixing such as glutelin (Gluten) and pulverize afterwards mixed vitamin again with 80 sieve meshes (Mesh), mineral etc. and put into compressing grains draft machine after stirring and simple compression and prepare the method for sedimented particle, and inject and carry the steam of 80～200 ℃ (conventional 120～170 ℃) after puffing apparatus (Extruder) and make expanded and prepare the method for suspended particulate.
The flour (wheat flour) coordinating time prepared by pellet and starch is with binding agent (sticker) effect in the feed source of moulding fish meal etc., and expanded and prepare bubble collection and the object that suspends coordinates in granule interior when the phase transformation of steam (liquid is changed to the process of gas).More specifically, the huge polysaccharide of 2 kinds of starch and so-called amylose (amylose) and amylopectin (amylopectin) is interweaved and forms micellar structure, once heat but drop in water, gelatinization (alphalise starch) and expanding and possess cohesive force, and there is the physical property of volumetric expansion.But, return to normal temperature or cooling, become the β starch before gelatinization and become not and the hard material of water good combination.
Due to character of starch so; no matter sedimented particle or suspended particulate, has and in the gastric juice of fish, is not easy disintegration (disintegration time in simulated gastric fluid of current commercially available swelling granular: 20～36 hours) and problem that digestive efficiency extremely declines.
In order to solve so problem, replace starch and use carboxymethyl cellulose (Carboxylmethylcellulose as binding agent, CMC), alginates, guar gum, natural rubber, carbopol, methylcellulose, agar, pectin, in the situation of the sedimented particle of carrageenan etc., can solve to a certain degree disintegration problem, but described material due to the phase transformation of steam be not easy expanded, so not only cannot prepare suspended particulate, mix adhesion strength to decline with fish meal etc. and be dried rear Particle Breakage and break, so cannot use in swelling granular.
Due to problem so, the starch that simultaneously possesses adhesion strength and expanded power is must not ill-matched essential material time prepared by pellet.
But; the starch that first becomes α starch and get back to β starch have be not easy disintegration in fish gastric juice (pH 2.6～3.8) (disintegration time in simulated gastric fluid 20～36 hours) and; the digestive efficiency of not only taking the photograph bait feed declines significantly; the bait amount of taking the photograph of fish reduces and the large shortcoming of speed of growth passivation; so pisciculturist evades pellet (EP; SEP; DP) and preferably uncooked feed (MP); thereby become the main cause that pollute in sea; in coastal waters, extra large environment eutrophy falls into disuse to the degree that cannot cultivate.
So, it is essential time prepared by pellet, coordinating starch, coordinates ratio so also studied minimizing starch, and method parallel with other sticker and that use, not yet finds method completely.
And, again get back to β starch in order not make α starch, study and coordinated as the emulsifying agent of fatty acid glyceride, especially monoglyceride (Monoglyceride), and moisture content is dropped sharply to method below 10% etc., but this also cannot contribute to shortening disintegration time greatly, and improves digestive efficiency.
So method also to no effect, to be coupled to the method for pellet as the alpha amylase of amylolytic enzyme with as the glucoamylase of carbohydrase thereby studied, but time prepared by sedimentation feed, alpha amylase and glucoamylase be coordinate and prepare, in circulation, enzyme also acts on and particle scatters, thereby cannot bring into play self-acting as pellet, and time prepared by expanded pellet diet, together coordinate alpha amylase with feed sources such as fish meal, enzyme cannot play a role as enzyme at inactivation in puffing apparatus (120～170 ℃ of temperature).
Again on the one hand, be not easy disintegration in the gastric juice of fish, digestive efficiency decline known be due to, be included in flour, or the extraction glutelin (Gluten) together coordinating with feed source in puffing apparatus expanded and form the cancellated matrix of fibroid (Matrix) and make catch the bubble collection of bubble and make particle suspend vegetable protein.
Be not only terraria, in fish animal protein, due to the steam of having no way of be deformed into mutually the cancellated albumen of fibroid, so be essential using together coordinating with feed source as the glutelin of vegetable protein.In the situation of sedimented particle, to prepare although also can get rid of glutelin, suspended particulate cannot be prepared at eliminating glutelin (wheat flour).
And, fish are without chewing the enzyme of secreting amylase etc. in feed and the function of decomposed feed in oral cavity, feed is swallowed and delivered in stomach, not secreting under one's belt can starch-splitting and as self enzyme of the glutelin of vegetable protein, or minute quantity secretion, so cannot decompose β starch (decomposing alpha-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae glycosidic bond) in fish gastric juice.Thereby the fish meal etc. that is adhered to the main feed of the conduct source of starch is not easy to be decomposed by pepsin under one's belt, the digestive efficiency in intestines also declines, thereby cannot utilize the feed of taking the photograph bait completely, thus there is feed coefficient to raise, the problem of speed of growth passivation.
[summary of the invention]
[technical task that invention will solve]
To this, the inventor for solve as described in problem and the result studied, develop enzyme is coated with to the pellet surface of moulding and fish are conveniently eaten, and particle is not easy fragmentation, and more than the upper floating certain hour of water (seawater comprises), once fish swallow feed, fast disintegration and not only digest and assimilate good under one's belt, and minimizing the feed of using is not utilized as nutrient source and is drained, thereby prevent extra large pollution (eutrophication), feed coefficient is low simultaneously, pellet (the EP that growth property (increase of fish body weight) improves, SEP, DP), thereby complete the present invention.
Thereby the present invention aims to provide the uncooked feed (MP, Moisture Pellet) in order to replace the prime culprit who pollutes as sea, disintegration under one's belt, digestion and absorb breeding fish with pellet and preparation method thereof of improving.
[solving the technical scheme of problem]
The invention is characterized in it is that on the particle in moulding (Pellet) feed, coated breeding fish of enzyme used pellet.
In addition, the present invention is the preparation method who breeds fish with pellet on the other hand, it is characterized in that, after pellet moulding, enzyme is coated with to described pellet.
[invention effect]
That prepares by preparation method of the present invention breeds fish with pellet, for cultured fishes in fish farm, in water (seawater comprises), be difficult for scattering, disintegration fast under one's belt, thus digestive efficiency improved, reduce feed coefficient, reduce feeding cost, improve growth property (increase of fish body weight), there is essence effect, can replace the uncooked feed (MP) that can be called as the prime culprit who pollutes in sea.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
The upper end of Fig. 1 is the photo of the flatfish during MP feed for shooting (uncooked feed) is raised, and lower end is the photo of the flatfish during the coated feed of the enzyme of embodiment 1 for shooting is raised.
Fig. 2 takes the photograph after bait the feed coated enzyme of embodiment 1 through 1 hour 30 minutes and the photo [presenting clearly the particle disintegration of taking the photograph bait and the state that becomes atherosclerotic] of photography after dissecting.
The photo [more clearly presenting the complete disintegration of particle] through photography in 2 hours after bait taken the photograph by the feed coated enzyme of embodiment 1 by Fig. 3.
Fig. 4 dissected and the photo of photography after pellet is in the past taken the photograph to bait after 6 hours.
[embodiment]
Be described in more detail so the present invention as follows.
The present invention relates to be coated with enzyme after pellet moulding, thereby after certain hour, scatter inchmeal in water, in the stomach of fish, disintegration is accelerated, and what digestive efficiency was outstanding breeds fish by the preparation method of pellet.
Core of the present invention is done in breeding fish of coated enzyme on the pellet of moulding and is used pellet and preparation method thereof.
More specifically, coated with enzyme after pellet moulding, these enzymes are adsorbed onto particle surface and in the time that fish are taken the photograph bait, are adsorbed on that surperficial enzyme activate in gastric juice and disintegration quickening, and digestive efficiency is improved greatly.
Described enzyme is AMS, maltogenic amylase, beta amylase, cellulase, 1,4 beta-glucanase, glucoamylase, hemicellulase, pectase, lactase, zytase, chitosan enzyme, the carbohydrate-splitting enzyme of 'beta '-mannase etc.; The lipolytic enzyme of lipase etc.; The phosphorus catabolic enzyme of phytase etc.; Alkali protease, acid protease, neutral proteinase, vegetable protein enzyme, the protease of bromelain etc., can use one kind or two or more.
In addition, to the pellet of moulding, preferably 0.001～20 weight portion or 1～200 with pellet 100 weight portions with respect to moulding, 000 unit uses described enzyme and is coated with more preferably 0.001～7 weight portion or 1～100,000 unit.If fewer than 0.001 weight portion, cannot reach hoped effect, more than 20 weight portions, there is the problem that in can not circulating, enzyme effect suppresses.
In addition, preferably just described enzyme is suspended in grease class (animal raw fat class or plant oil lipid), coexists in water and disperses, or prepare enzyme aqueous solution and be coated with on the pellet of moulding with tunicle forming agent one.Especially, described animal raw fat class or plant oil lipid have tallow, lard, fish oil, suet, chicken fat, corn oil, soybean oil, lecithin, cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil, edible Residual oil (purifying), coconut oil, sunflower oil, palm oil, rice bran wet goods, uses 0.1～15 weight portion by it with pellet 100 weight portions with respect to moulding, because coated full matter is impartial and preferred.In addition, described tunicle forming agent is preferably and is selected from following more than one: natural rubber, guar gum, cellulose, alginates, chitosan salt, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, HPMC, Sodium Polyacrylate, poly-MU, gelatin, sulfonic acid lignin, agar, carrageenan, hydroxyethylcellulose and poloxamer, use 0.001～10 weight portion due to by the reason of membrane safety and preferably with respect to pellet 100 weight portions of moulding.
So, after pellet moulding, coated method not only can prevent in preparation process at expanded (120～170 ℃ of temperature) stage (passing through puffing apparatus) enzyme deactivation, different from shredding stage or mix stages enzyme cooperation in advance as by the puffing apparatus last stage, because enzyme is not to coordinate deeply in granule interior, but be attached to particle outside, so at suitable circulation period, there is not enzymatic activity mechanism yet, thereby do not reduce the adhesion strength of starch, so particle is not broken, grain forming state maintains from cover to cover, and disintegration is accelerated under one's belt, improve digestive efficiency and feed coefficient is low, improve inner feed conversion degree, reduce the ight soil of excretion, so preventing sea pollutes, growth inside speed is also accelerated.Especially, use grease class to be coated with for 1 time, use enzyme liquid or dispersion liquid to be coated with for 2 times, or by enzyme liquid or dispersion and grease class, tunicle forming agent, emulsifying agent etc. are prepared emulsion and coated and in feed being dropped into water in the time raising time, can solve the shortcoming of part fast spread in water of particle surface.
Thereby, the present invention is also included within on the pellet of moulding by grease class 1 time coated, and is coated with for 2 times with enzyme, or has been coated with by enzyme on the pellet of moulding, grease class, pellet and preparation method thereof is used in breeding fish of the emulsion that tunicle forming agent and emulsifying agent are prepared from.Described emulsifying agent is preferably and is selected from following more than one: methyl glycol fatty acid ester, lecithin, fatty acid glyceride, alcoholic extract, sucrose fatty ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester and polyoxyethylene fatty acid glyceride.Especially, when emulsion preparation, with respect to pellet 100 weight portions of moulding and use enzyme 0.001～20 weight portion or 1～200,000 unit, grease class 0.1～15 weight portion, tunicle forming agent 0.001～5 weight portion and emulsifying agent 0.05～10 weight portion.
In addition, the present invention also can be included on the pellet of moulding by tunicle forming agent 1 time coated, after being coated with for 2 times by grease class, and coated with enzyme 3 times, or be coated with for 1 time by grease class on the pellet of moulding, after being coated with for 2 times by tunicle forming agent, coated with enzyme 3 times, or be coated with for 1 time with emulsifying agent on the pellet of moulding, after being coated with for 2 times by grease class, coated with enzyme 3 times, or coated with emulsifying agent 1 time on the pellet of moulding, be coated with to prepare the method for use pellet of breeding fish for 2 times with enzyme.
The preparation of enzyme coating buffer is enzyme to be prepared to 0.001～20% aqueous solution according to enzyme activity (unit) use, and water-fast enzyme is supending and stirring coated.Can be coated with the single aqueous solution of enzyme separately, also can combine enzyme separately and prepare the aqueous solution and be coated with.In addition, be not only enzyme aqueous solution or aqueous suspension, grease class (vegetalitas maintains or animality maintains) is simply mixed with enzyme aqueous solution and with mixer continue stirring coated also can, use lipophilic emulsifier and prepare the emulsion of O/W type and coated also can.
Drop into particle to fish culture tank,, in routine approximately 10 minutes, it is all taken the photograph bait by fish, so while dropping in water (seawater), need during minimum 10～15 minutes, in water (seawater), not scatter by particle, just can think desirable particle.And then, even if accidentally dropping, pisciculturist drops into excessive feed, for guaranteeing that pulling fish out does not take the photograph the remaining particle of bait, need to not scatter for approximately 30 minutes in water (seawater).
As described in, the present invention is preferably coated with the suspension of enzyme aqueous solution or enzyme powder the pellet of moulding, in addition, for the enzyme that is attached to particle outside does not carry out enzyme effect to a small amount of infiltration of granule interior between circulation or storage life in water fast spread and coated enzyme rapid osmotic in particle, but only adhere at particle surface, taking the photograph activity immediately in gastric juice after bait, after being more preferably coated with for 1 time by grease class on the pellet of moulding, enzyme aqueous solution or dispersion liquid are being coated with for 2 times; After enzyme dissolving and being dispersed in water, with grease class, tunicle forming agent, emulsifying agent etc. are prepared emulsion and are coated with, while dropping in water, be not easy to scatter, take the photograph easily disintegration under one's belt after bait, digestive efficiency is high, thereby feed coefficient improves, the speed of growth is accelerated, thereby most preferably.This is judged as, do not permeate granule interior, only adhere at particle surface, and activation is immediately because the aqueous solution that comprises enzyme is by grease class in gastric juice emulsifying agent and tunicle forming agent and enzyme aqueous solution or dispersion liquid are separated into particulate and enzyme is attached to tunicle outside.
On the other hand, observe the physiological phenomenon of fish, fish are classified as predacious fish and herbivorous fishes, most of seafood fish is predacious fish, known these predacious fishes can not be decomposed absorption carbohydrate (starch etc.) and are utilized as energy source, but be excreted to externally, also knownly can not secrete in vivo the protease that also can decompose vegetable protein (glutelin etc.), or denier secretion.
If see that 58 pages of the high efficiency mixed feed exploitation delivered in Republic of Korea Republic Of of Korea S of agricultural aquatic food portion in January, 2009 and practical research-I (the publication code T R 2009-AQ001 of the academy of sciences) are according to feed source research digestibility, delivering, white fish meal (walleye pollack class), white fish meal (Hake), brown fish meal (anchovy class), brown fish meal (miscellaneous fishes), albumen (the actin in seafood fish source of brown fish meal (sardine class) etc., myosinogen, former myosinogen, the moving slurry of flesh albumen) digestibility be more than 90%, cereal feed source, it is soya-bean cake (glycinin, conglycinin etc.) and the crude protein of corn-glutelin (corn-gluten) be below 70%.But, there is no about digesting 70% left and right vegetable protein is the enzyme that can decompose these albumen due to fish self secretion, still decompose the protease of fish sources animal protein decomposes vegetable protein research by side reaction, but go out the inventor's raising experience and to the document of delivering at present, be judged as YES the decomposition by side reaction.
So parallel with the object of disintegration particle, it is essential for decomposing the starch and the glutelin that coordinate for grain forming that enzyme that cannot self synthesis secretion by fish is coupled to pellet.But the deactivation temperature of these enzymes is that 110 ℃ (protease is 70 ℃) are maximum temperatures, thus time prepared by swelling granular in the expanded stage (120～170 ℃) even if whole inactivations and coordinate and also cannot bring into play any effect.Coated after grain forming (after the expanded stage), can prevent inactivation completely.
As coated mode, use atomizing, impregnated, which kind of mode in absorption type all can, the best aspect atomizing is evenly coated on particle.
The method for breeding of the fish cultivating with the final pellet of such preparation is also included within the present invention.
Below, illustrate the present invention according to following examples, but the present invention is not limit by this.
[embodiment 1: after swelling granular moulding, 1 enzyme liquid is coated]
(A) expanded pellet feed composition
Fish meal (Chile produces super top grade) 70.0 % by weight
Flour (wheat flour) 4.0 % by weight
α starch 7.0 % by weight
Decortication soya-bean cake 2.0 % by weight
Squid manini powder 2.0 % by weight
Corn extracts glutelin 3.0 % by weight
Salmon oil 2.0 % by weight
Multi-vitamin and comprehensive mineral 0.5 % by weight
Steam 9.5 % by weight
(B) mix and pulverize
The composition of described (A) is put into mixer after 20 minutes evenly mix, move on to pulverizer and be crushed to and reach 80 sieve meshes through running in 30 minutes.
(C) puffing apparatus (Extruder) and cooling
The composition of the pulverizing of (B) is put into and carried steam after puffing apparatus and expanded and be shaped to the particle of diameter 9～10mm, the particle of moulding is cooling with aerial cooler.
(D) enzyme liquid and enzyme liquid are coated with for 1 time
(1) preparation of enzyme liquid
A. aqueous solution preparation
With respect to the pellet 2500g of moulding and AMS 0.2g and acid protease 0.4g are put into after suitable container and be added to and reach 100g.
B. to the method for grease class suspension enzyme liquid
With respect to the pellet 2500g of moulding and claim AMS 0.2g and acid protease 0.4g, salmon oil 100g and putting into mixer, and after the container that can heat, be warmed to 40～60 ℃, and stir.
C. prepare the method for O/W type emulsion
With respect to the pellet 2500g of moulding and add AMS 0.2g, acid protease 0.4g, water 60g and be warmed to 70 ℃, different is to add fish oil 20g, fatty acid glyceride 2.4g, sorbitan fatty acid ester 1.6g and being warmed to after 70 ℃, by the emulsification and prepare O/W type emulsion in homogenizer of two kinds of liquid.
(2) method for coating
A. atomizing (Spray formula) method for coating: the enzyme liquid phase that will prepare in described (1) is for the swelling granular 1000g of described (C) and 20～30g is coated with injecting type (spray formula).
B. absorption type method for coating: the particle 1000g that puts into described (C) at the coated pot that can stir (medicine preparation is used), rotating coated pot, sowing on a small quantity the enzyme aqueous solution 20g preparing at a of described (1) on one side and coated on one side.
C. impregnated method for coating: put into the particle of described (C) to the enzyme liquid of preparing at a of described (1), and pull out within 1 second.By speed well-tuned below 1 second and make enzyme liquid phase for particle 1000g and only coated 20～30g be important.
(E) disintegration test
The preparation of simulated gastric fluid: Xiang Shuizhong adds 10% hydrochloric acid and is prepared into pH and reaches 3.0 (fish Gastric pH 2.6-3.8).
Disintegration exerciser: test is put into 100ml triangular flask with particle, and after putting into water (seawater) or simulated gastric fluid 80ml, be placed on the shaking table (shaker) with 150 beats/min of side-to-side movements and test.
(F) disintegration experimental result
Be coated with the particle of processing started to scatter through 23 hours in water, and in simulated gastric fluid, disintegration completely in 27 hours, but through the coated particle of processing in water (seawater) in 5 minutes, start to scatter from surface and the fragment of particle starts to fall down, and in simulated gastric fluid, disintegration [table 1] completely within 1 hour 10 minutes.
With enzyme being prepared into the aqueous solution, be suspended in grease class, be prepared into the emulsion of O/W type, or to make coated mode be atomizing, absorption type, the result of carrying out disintegration test of impregnated, no matter which kind of is all without difference [table 1] especially.
Table 1[table 1]
(G) feeding experiment
Flatfish in raising was gone on a hunger strike to (in the feed of feeding before making it is in stomach, not retaining) afterwards through 24 hours, not carry out coated swelling granular and to carry out the coated swelling granular of enzyme as experimental group, take the photograph respectively [Fig. 1] after bait, every through 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours time, dissect.Confirm having eaten in the flatfish that carries out the coated feed of enzyme, feed started disintegration in 1 hour, the particle disintegration of taking the photograph bait through 1 hour 30 minutes forms the state [Fig. 2] of atherosclerotic, through complete disintegration [Fig. 3] in 2 hours, even if but be coated with process through also not disintegration in 6 hours, expand 1.7 times and maintain from cover to cover particle circle than the size of taking the photograph bait, there is the elasticity [Fig. 4] as sponge.The result of dissecting after 12 hours, just starts disintegration that kind and particle circle originally starts to scatter and forms atherosclerotic.
On the other hand, the upper end of Fig. 1 is the photo of the flatfish in raising with MP feed (uncooked feed), and lower end is the photo of the flatfish in raising with the coated feed of the enzyme of embodiment 1.Flatfish color in raising with feed of the present invention, is seeing also healthy apperance, confirms to compare the flatfish of raising with MP significantly more outstanding.
[embodiment 2: be coated with for 1,2 time after swelling granular moulding]
(A) composition of swelling granular and forming method are identical with described embodiment 1.
(B) preparation of enzyme liquid
With respect to the pellet 2500g of moulding and add AMS 0.4g, acid protease 0.5g, lipase 0.1g and add water to and reach 100g.
(C) method for coating
Fish oil (salmon oil) is being sprayed with atomizing and be coated with for 1 time and make increment to 2～3 weight portion at particle surface with respect to expanded pellet feed 100 weight portions, more described enzyme liquid is coated with and reaches 2～3 weight portions with respect to expanded pellet feed 100 weight portions for 2 time.
So prove, grease class is coated with for 1 time, form tunicle and AMS in particle surface grease class, protease, lipase etc. do not permeate granule interior, thereby slowly scatter in water (seawater), the effect of the present invention of scattering in the short time in simulated gastric fluid.
(D) disintegration test method
The method identical with described embodiment 1 implemented.
(E) disintegration result of the test
As a control group, do not carry out 1, the disintegration time of 2 coated particles is, in water, just started to scatter through 23 hours, in simulated gastric fluid, disintegration completely within 27 hours, but implement 1,2 times coated is starting after 15 minutes that particle surface becomes coarse and feed source fragment starts to fall down in water (seawater), safe disintegration and disperseing in water with the size of feed source power size (80 sieve mesh) before grain forming within 1 hour 40 minutes in simulated gastric fluid.In addition, replace fish oil and with soybean oil, the plant oil lipid of corn wet goods is coated with for 1 time, disintegration time is also identical.
(F) feeding experiment
As described embodiment 1, feed and carry out 1 to the flatfish of going on a hunger strike through 24 hours, after 2 coated particles, result of getting a dissection per hour, through the sign that starts disintegration that presents of 1 hour, complete disintegration through 2 hours formed atherosclerotic, through 4 hours almost arrived in intestines without retaining the particle of atherosclerotic under one's belt.
[embodiment 3: after swelling granular moulding, enzyme emulsion is coated]
(A) composition of swelling granular and forming method are identical with described embodiment 1.
(B) preparation of enzyme emulsion liquid
With respect to the pellet 2500g of moulding and add AMS 0.2g, acid protease 0.5g, lipase 0.1g, fish oil 20g, is added to and reaches 100g after sorbitan fatty acid ester 60g.
Before adding water, Xiang Shuizhong, by HPMC, chitosan salt, the tunicle forming agent of alginates etc. is prepared add 0.1～2g to dissolve with respect to the pellet 2500g of moulding after.
(C) method for coating
By the particle of moulding 2,500g puts into coated machine, is rotating pot the enzyme emulsion liquid 100g of described (B) item was sprayed coated through 15 minutes.
(D) disintegration result of the test
Be coated with the particle of processing started to scatter through 23 hours in water, disintegration completely within 27 hours in simulated gastric fluid, but with the coated particle of enzyme emulsion liquid in water through not disintegration in 25 minutes, and disintegration completely in 1 hour 50 minutes in simulated gastric fluid.
The variation key element of described tens of kinds (is changed to the kind of tunicle forming agent, the kind of grease and the kind of emulsifying agent) result of all experiments were, the difference that disintegration time in water (seawater) postpones is 1～30 minute, is disintegration completely within 1 hour 50 minutes in simulated gastric fluid.
(E) raising experiment
As described embodiment 1, feed and carry out per hourly after the coated particle of emulsion getting a result of dissecting to the flatfish of going on a hunger strike through 24 hours, through the sign that starts disintegration that presents of 1 hour, complete disintegration through 2 hours becomes atherosclerotic, and through 4 hours under one's belt almost without retain atherosclerotic particle and arrived in intestines.
In addition, in order to carry out the growth raising experiment of essence, the swelling granular of described embodiment 3 is prepared and 1～December 30 August in a large number, through 5 months, in Jizhou Island plant, implement as a control group the raising experiment for growth property (increase of fish body weight) with uncooked feed (MP).
Movable active owing to having reported that at Republic of Korea Republic Of of Korea S in January, 2009 academy of sciences's publication (TR2009-AQ001) flatfish is taken the photograph bait 22～26 ℃ (8～December), present significantly according to the difference of the growth of feed kind, 20 ℃ of low water temperature devices with the next growth difference without uncooked feed (MP) and expanded pellet feed, thereby only in optimum water temperature device, implement raising experiment.
Growth property (increase of fish body weight) is that the flatfish of fish body weight 300～400g is put into 2 different tanks, take the photograph the uncooked feed (MP) of bait identical weight (dry thing benchmark) and the feed of embodiment 3 (SEP) every day for 1 day 2 times, obtain mean value with 1 month interval metering fish body weight simultaneously.
For two kinds of feeds (MP and SEP), after 5 months, do not find the significant difference that fish body weight increases, but it is more healthy to take the photograph the flatfish of bait embodiment 3, color is also better.
[embodiment 4: be coated with for 1,2,3 times after swelling granular moulding]
(A) composition of swelling granular and forming method are identical with described embodiment 1.
(B) preparation of enzyme liquid
Put into suitable container and be added to respect to the pellet 2500g of moulding and by AMS 0.4g and acid protease 0.1g and reach 100g.
(C) tunicle forming agent preparation
Weigh HPMC2g with respect to the pellet 2500g of moulding and put into suitable container, and be added to and reach after 100g, slowly stir and preparation transparent solution completely.
(D) maintain preparation
From cover to cover use salmon oil.
(E) emulsifying agent preparation
Using HLB valency in sorbitan fatty acid ester is 4.3.
(F) method for coating
A.1 time tunicle forming agent, 2 grease classes, 3 times enzyme liquid is coated
The particle 2500g of moulding is put into coated pot, rotating coated pot sprayed 25g (C) slowly tunicle forming agent through 10 minutes
After heat air delivery (80 ℃) is dry, spray the salmon oil 50g of (D), spray the enzyme liquid 50g of (B) and be coated with.
B.1 time grease class, 2 tunicle forming agents, 3 times enzyme liquid is coated
The coated mode of described a item is replaced by salmon oil 1 time, 2 tunicle forming agents, the order of 3 enzyme liquid and implementing.
C.1 time emulsifying agent, 2 grease classes, 3 times enzyme liquid is coated
The particle 2500g of moulding is put into coated pot, after rotating the emulsifying agent 20g of coated pot compression sprayer injection (E), use salmon oil 50g to spray for 2 times in the same manner, carry out the 3rd time with the enzyme liquid 50g of described (B) and be coated with.
D.1 time emulsifying agent, 2 times enzyme liquid is coated
The particle 2500g of moulding is put into coated pot, rotating coated pot through 10 minutes pressure atomization inchmeal (E) emulsifying agent 50g after be coated with the enzyme liquid 50g of (B).
(G) disintegration result of the test
Method for coating a, b started to scatter in water after 15 minutes, in simulated gastric fluid, disintegration completely in 1 hour 15 minutes, c started to scatter in water after 17 minutes, disintegration completely in 1 hour 12 minutes in simulated gastric fluid, d is in water, in 5 minutes, start to scatter, in simulated gastric fluid, disintegration completely in 56 minutes.
(H) feeding experiment
As described in embodiment 1, the flatfish of going on a hunger strike to 24 hours is fed and carries out after the coated particle of emulsion, per hourly get a result of dissecting, through the sign that starts disintegration that presents of 1 hour, complete disintegration through 2 hours became atherosclerotic, through 6 hours almost arrived in intestines without the particle of the atherosclerotic of retaining under one's belt.
[industrial applicibility]
With pellet replacement uncooked feed (MP) raising of preparing by the present invention, be sure of that fish growth speed is also identical, not only feeding cost reduces, the feed effluent of fragmentation and feed do not digest the excremental sea of fish and pollute and reduce when taking the photograph bait, thereby water system disease incident also reduces significantly, and breeding environment improves greatly.
Claims (9)
1. support carnivorous fish pellet, it is characterized in that, on the expanded pellet feed of and moulding expanded 120～170 ℃ of temperature, with respect to expanded pellet feed 100 weight portions of moulding,
Use emulsifier package quilt the 1st time, described emulsifying agent is selected from lecithin, fatty acid glyceride, and sucrose fatty ester and sorbitan fatty acid ester, and
The enzyme of the 2nd use 0.001～20 weight portion or 1～200,000 unit is coated, and described enzyme comprises AMS.
2. support carnivorous fish pellet, it is characterized in that, on the expanded pellet feed of and moulding expanded 120～170 ℃ of temperature, with respect to expanded pellet feed 100 weight portions of moulding,
Use emulsifier package quilt the 1st time, described emulsifying agent is selected from lecithin, fatty acid glyceride, and sucrose fatty ester and sorbitan fatty acid ester,
The 2nd time is coated by grease class, and
The enzyme of the 3rd use 0.001～20 weight portion or 1～200,000 unit is coated, and described enzyme comprises AMS.
3. the foster carnivorous fish pellet of claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, described enzyme also comprises lipase.
4. the foster carnivorous fish pellet of claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, described enzyme also comprises lipase and acid protease.
5. support the preparation method of carnivorous fish pellet, it is characterized in that, expanded and after by swelling granular moulding 120～170 ℃ of temperature, the 1st time by emulsifier package by described swelling granular, described emulsifying agent is selected from lecithin, fatty acid glyceride, sucrose fatty ester and sorbitan fatty acid ester; With the coated described swelling granular of enzyme that the 2nd time use comprises AMS.
6. the preparation method of pellet for the foster carnivorous fish of claim 5, is characterized in that, described enzyme also comprises lipase.
7. the preparation method of pellet for the foster carnivorous fish of claim 5, is characterized in that, described enzyme also comprises lipase and acid protease.
8. the preparation method of pellet for the foster carnivorous fish of any one in claim 5-7, is characterized in that, is coated on swelling granular after described enzyme is suspended in to animal raw fat class or plant oil lipid.
9. the method for breeding of carnivorous fish, is characterized in that, with the pellet cultivation carnivorous fish of any one in claim 1-4.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR10-2009-0063169 | 2009-07-10 | ||
| KR1020090063169A KR100954864B1 (en) | 2009-07-10 | 2009-07-10 | Pellet feed with excellent dissolution and digestibility for raising fish and its manufacturing process |
| PCT/KR2009/003961 WO2011004930A1 (en) | 2009-07-10 | 2009-07-17 | Pellet feed for fish farming having excellent dissolution and digestion efficiency, and method for preparing same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102573515A CN102573515A (en) | 2012-07-11 |
| CN102573515B true CN102573515B (en) | 2014-06-25 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200980160736.2A Active CN102573515B (en) | 2009-07-10 | 2009-07-17 | Pellet feed for fish farming having excellent dissolution and digestion efficiency, and method for preparing same |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP5597707B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100954864B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102573515B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011004930A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI20120420A1 (en) * | 2012-03-19 | 2013-09-20 | Sevecom Spa | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF A FEED FOR ANIMALS WITH HIGH NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND ITS USE |
| CN103005186B (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2014-04-09 | 武汉新华扬生物股份有限公司 | Special complex enzyme preparation for turtle and eel feeds |
| CN104222559B (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2016-05-25 | 浙江大学舟山海洋研究中心 | A kind of fish black porgy overwintering feed |
| CN104642774A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2015-05-27 | 苏州苏湘特种水产养殖场 | Grease prescription of aquatic feed |
| CN104522297B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2017-07-28 | 朱勤 | A kind of processing method of coating expanded pellet diet |
| CN105394453A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-03-16 | 湖州品创孵化器有限公司 | Feed additive capable of improving quality of grass carps |
| KR102453961B1 (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2022-10-12 | 롯데정밀화학 주식회사 | Feed composition for fish farming, feed comprising the same and method of manufacturing the same |
| CN107912627A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-04-17 | 定远县朱湾镇绿农养殖专业合作社 | A kind of safe and healthy compound feed for pig preparation method |
| KR101893727B1 (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-08-30 | 유진형 | Method for producing fish meal and feed using thereof |
| KR101893726B1 (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-08-30 | 유진형 | Method for producing fish meal and feed using thereof |
| WO2019160111A1 (en) * | 2018-02-15 | 2019-08-22 | 日本水産株式会社 | Feeding apparatus for cephalopods, feeding method, and cephalopods |
| CN109221804A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-01-18 | 何秋宏 | A kind of low fish meal perch highly effective and safe mixed feed |
| CN109221805A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-01-18 | 何秋宏 | A kind of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN109198164A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-01-15 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of soft-shelled turtle feed and preparation method thereof |
| KR102336076B1 (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-12-08 | (주)코리아에프앤에프 | Manufacturing method for soft extruding pellet feed |
| KR102247973B1 (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2021-05-06 | 주식회사 코코브라운 | Raw material feed composition with excellent preference and preservation |
| KR102279637B1 (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-07-21 | 대한민국 | Method for manufacturing mixed feed for flounder |
| CN112970947B (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2022-05-27 | 中国农业科学院饲料研究所 | Processing method of volume weight controllable aquatic product puffed feed particles |
| CN114532451B (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2023-06-02 | 安徽科技学院 | Traditional Chinese medicine formula additive for promoting mutton sheep fattening and preparation method thereof |
| CN114698749A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-07-05 | 福建省农业科学院生物技术研究所 | Functional aquatic product puffed pellet feed and preparation method thereof |
| KR102498176B1 (en) * | 2022-10-07 | 2023-02-10 | 이동훈 | Manufacturing method of feed composition for fish using effective microorganisms and yellow worm |
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| CA2471709C (en) * | 2002-01-15 | 2010-06-22 | Basf Ag | Granulates containing feed-enzymes |
| NO322697B1 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2006-11-27 | Fishfeed As | Process for the preparation of fish feed with high content of water and lipid. |
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2009
- 2009-07-10 KR KR1020090063169A patent/KR100954864B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2009-07-17 WO PCT/KR2009/003961 patent/WO2011004930A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-07-17 JP JP2012519449A patent/JP5597707B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-07-17 CN CN200980160736.2A patent/CN102573515B/en active Active
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| CN1124584A (en) * | 1994-05-19 | 1996-06-19 | 伊沃斯公司 | Bioactive feed |
| CN1229435A (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1999-09-22 | 诺沃挪第克公司 | Enzyme-containing granules and process for production thereof |
| CN1909796A (en) * | 2004-01-30 | 2007-02-07 | 巴斯福股份公司 | Stabilized phosphatase formulations |
| CN101440361A (en) * | 2007-11-22 | 2009-05-27 | 珠海百康生物技术有限公司 | Method for preparing stable coated granzyme |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR100954864B1 (en) | 2010-04-28 |
| JP5597707B2 (en) | 2014-10-01 |
| JP2012532602A (en) | 2012-12-20 |
| WO2011004930A1 (en) | 2011-01-13 |
| CN102573515A (en) | 2012-07-11 |
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