CN112717020A - Chinese herbal medicine preparation for preventing and treating quasipaa spinosa skin rot and application - Google Patents
Chinese herbal medicine preparation for preventing and treating quasipaa spinosa skin rot and application Download PDFInfo
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/78—Saururaceae (Lizard's-tail family)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
- A61K2236/31—Extraction of the material involving untreated material, e.g. fruit juice or sap obtained from fresh plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Chinese herbal medicine preparation for preventing and treating quasipaa spinosa skin rot disease, which comprises the following components in part by weight: mixing fresh and clean houttuynia cordata and honeysuckle plants according to the mass ratio of 1:1, mashing, adding water, stirring uniformly, separating and removing herb residues, and filtering by using a 80-mesh screen to obtain a filtrate, namely the Chinese herbal medicine preparation. The Chinese herbal medicine preparation can be used for preventing and treating the Rana spinosa skin rot, and after the Rana spinosa is fully exposed, the Chinese herbal medicine preparation is poured into a sprayer and uniformly sprayed on the body surface of the Rana spinosa; opening a water inlet valve two hours after the Chinese herbal medicine preparation is sprayed, and discharging water into the frog pond; the medicine is sprayed for three times every day when the diseased frogs are treated, and is sprayed for two times every day when the skin rot disease of the Rana spinosa is prevented, and the medicine is continuously sprayed for 3-5 days. The Chinese herbal medicine preparation provided by the invention has the advantages of simple formula, simple preparation process, simple prevention and treatment operation and good treatment effect, and the skin rot of the rana spinosa can be prevented and treated by using the Chinese herbal medicine preparation, so that the culture survival rate can be improved, and the green, healthy and sustainable development of the rana spinosa culture industry can be promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a Chinese herbal medicine preparation for preventing and treating quasipaa spinosa skin rot and application thereof.
Background
Quasipaa spinosa (Quasipaa spinosa), commonly known as stone frog, is a large wild frog specific in China, grows in the mountain dense forest stream with the elevation of 150-1500 m in south China, has high requirements on the growth environment, favors low temperature, is suitable for the growth of water with the temperature of 20-26 ℃, favors inhabitation in a hidden and quiet place, has long growth period, needs three years when reaching the marketing specification of about 150g, and is one of important cultured frogs in mountainous areas at present. The quasipaa spinosa is tender in meat, delicious and rich in nutrition, is a high-protein and low-fat edible product, and is called as the king of quasipaa spinosa and the best product of mountain delicacies. Besides being eaten, the quasipaa spinosa has medicinal value, is mild in property and sweet in taste, enters heart, liver and lung meridians, and has multiple effects of clearing away heart-fire, moistening lung, nourishing yin, reducing pathogenic fire, strengthening liver and stomach, tonifying deficiency, removing heat and toxic materials and the like. The quasipaa spinosa is taken as a special breeding species integrating edible and medicinal values, is popular with consumers, and the artificial breeding of the quasipaa spinosa not only has important significance for protecting species diversity and ecological environment, but also has very high economic value.
In recent years, artificial breeding techniques of rana spinosa have become mature under the efforts of scientists and farmers, but diseases of rana spinosa frequently occur along with the continuous expansion of intensive breeding scale, and the breeding industry of rana spinosa is seriously damaged. The skin rot disease is an infectious disease with the greatest harm in the breeding process of the rana spinosa, can occur all the year round, mainly comprises nutritional skin rot disease caused by single bait and deficiency of vitamins and bacterial skin rot disease caused by excessive stocking density and poor water quality accompanied with bacterial infection, is moist, dark and hot in the rana spinosa pool in late spring and early summer, is particularly in plum rain season, is fast in bacterial reproduction, and is a high-incidence period of the rana spinosa skin rot disease. In the early stage of disease, the skin of the head and the back of the frog appears white spots, then the skin drops off and starts to rot, the ulcer of the severe frog can spread to the whole back and four limbs, the pupils of the eyes appear granular protrusions and gradually change from black to white, and finally the eyeballs are covered by a layer of white lipid membrane. The Rana spinosa suffering from skin rot loses luster of skin, does not eat food, is scarlet at the osculum end for 2-3 days until a gum is exposed, the four limbs and the chest are red, swollen and ulcerated, lie prone on the shore and do not eat and die in 5-7 days.
The skin rot disease of the quasipaa spinosa is high in infectivity, rapid in disease occurrence and high in death rate, and is an important bottleneck for restricting large-scale breeding of the quasipaa spinosa. The existing research shows that various pathogenic bacteria can cause the skin rot disease, such as Proteus Mirabilis (Proteus Mirabilis) and Aeromonas hydrophila (Aeromonas hydrophylla), wherein the Aeromonas hydrophila is widely distributed in various water bodies in the nature and is the primary conditional pathogenic bacteria of various aquatic animals, and frogs are natural hosts of the pathogenic bacteria. Pathogenic bacteria are different, and the attack groups of the skin rot disease are different, for example, the proteus mirabilis mainly causes the attack of tadpoles and froglets, and the aeromonas hydrophila mainly causes the skin rot disease of young frogs. The pathogenic bacteria causing the skin rot are different, and the treatment modes and the medicines are also different. Regarding the treatment of quasipaa spinosa skin rot, chemical drug therapy is mainly adopted at present, for example, antibacterial drugs such as aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, sulfonamides and the like are adopted for treatment, although a certain effect can be obtained, drug residues and drug resistance are generated along with the treatment, and the development direction of ecological breeding is deviated. In recent years, the Chinese herbal medicine compound additive is used for preventing and treating the skin rot disease of the quasipaa spinosa, is considered to be an ecological treatment method, and has important significance for intensive culture and green and sustainable development of the quasipaa spinosa.
A herbal additive of application No. 201610975259.7 can prevent Rana spinosa skin rot, but still has the following disadvantages: (1) rana spinosa likes to eat live baits such as yellow mealworms and the like, and Chinese herbal medicines are used as feed additives, so that the palatability of the feed is changed. (2) The feed additive relates to 18 Chinese herbal medicines, and has complex components and high cost. The cure rate of the Chinese herbal medicine ecological treatment medicament with the application number of 201610982751.7 on the skin rot disease of the rana spinosa can reach more than 95 percent, but has some defects: (1) the ecological treatment medicament comprises 3 preparations which are respectively a body surface disinfectant, an external application healing agent and a feed additive, needs to be taken orally and externally, has complex control operation steps and increases the culture cost. (2) The body surface disinfectant, the externally applied healing agent and the feed additive relate to 9, 2 and 7 raw materials respectively, and have complex components and high cost. (3) The preparation process of the ecological treatment preparation needs the steps of water boiling, drying and the like, and also needs the organic solvent ethanol to extract the sphagnum moss plant, so the preparation method has high requirement on the specialty degree, poor operation universality and increased cultivation cost.
Therefore, development and application of a novel Chinese herbal medicine ecological treatment preparation for preventing and treating the Rana spinosa skin rot disease are developed, the occurrence of the Rana spinosa skin rot disease in the culture process can be reduced, the culture survival rate is improved, the problems of medicine residue and drug resistance can be eliminated, and the green, healthy and sustainable development of the Rana spinosa culture industry is promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the ecological treatment preparation for preventing and treating the quasipaa spinosa skin rot disease based on the Chinese herbal medicine composition, which can reduce the occurrence of the quasipaa spinosa skin rot disease in the culture process and improve the culture survival rate.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a Chinese herbal medicine preparation for preventing and treating skin rot of Rana spinosa is prepared by the following steps:
mixing fresh clean houttuynia cordata and honeysuckle plants according to the mass ratio of 1:1, mashing the mixture, adding water, wherein the amount of the water is 3 times of the total mass of the houttuynia cordata and the honeysuckle, uniformly stirring, separating and removing herb residues, filtering the obtained medicinal juice by using a 80-mesh screen, and obtaining the filtrate, namely the Chinese herbal medicine preparation for preventing and treating the Rana spinosa skin rot disease.
The invention also provides application of the Chinese herbal medicine preparation in preventing and treating the quasipaa spinosa rotten skin disease, and the application method comprises the following steps:
(1) draining water in the frog raising pond, flushing the frog raising pond, and closing a water inlet valve to prevent stream water from entering the frog raising pond;
(2) fully exposing Rana spinosa, pouring the Chinese herbal medicine preparation into a sprayer, and uniformly spraying the Chinese herbal medicine preparation on the body surface of the Rana spinosa; opening a water inlet valve two hours after the Chinese herbal medicine preparation is sprayed, and discharging water into the frog pond;
(3) the medicine is sprayed for three times every day when the diseased frogs are treated, and is sprayed for two times every day when the skin rot disease of the Rana spinosa is prevented, and the medicine is continuously sprayed for 3-5 days.
In the invention, the frog culturing pool can be built according to the general technology in the field, and concretely, the frog culturing pool can be built according to the following method: taking a cement pond for production and isolation as a frog raising pond, and repairing facilities for leakage, escape prevention and shading; cobblestones are laid at the bottom of the frog-raising pool, and ground light bricks are covered on the cobblestones, so that a perching and hiding place can be provided for the quasipaa spinosa, and the flowing water state can be kept throughout the year; because the epidemic diseases of the Rana spinosa are spread by water, an independent water inlet and outlet system is selected in the Rana spinosa breeding pond. When the Chinese herbal medicine preparation is sprayed, the floor tiles are firstly lifted, the preparation is sprayed after the Rana spinosa is fully exposed, and the floor tiles are reset after spraying is finished.
In the invention, the breeding process is also carried out according to the quasicoo breeding technology, and concretely, the breeding density and feeding method comprises the following steps: selecting robust Rana spinosa froglet and Rana spinosa frogs with strong jumping ability and active temperament, and respectively putting the Rana spinosa frogs and Rana spinosa frogs into different frog raising ponds; the breeding density of young babies is 40 per square meter, the breeding density of young frogs is 30 per square meter, fresh yellow mealworms are used as baits, the baits are fed according to 3-5% (preferably 4%) of the weight of quasipaa spinosa every day, the frog pond is flushed once every two days, and the pond is patrolled and observed for 2 times every day.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the Chinese herbal medicines adopted by the invention are fresh products, the effective components are not damaged or lost, and the curative effect is better than that of dry products.
2. The Chinese herbal medicine preparation prepared by the invention has simple formula: only fresh cordate houttuynia and honeysuckle are needed. The two Chinese herbal medicines are distributed in mountainous areas, are convenient to pick, are convenient for farmers to take materials according to local conditions, and avoid the link of purchasing various Chinese herbal medicines.
3. The preparation process is simple: only needs to mix and pound fresh Chinese herbal medicine plants with equal weight, fully stir and mix in water, fish out the herb residues and filter by a 80-mesh screen. Complex operations such as extraction, drying, crushing and the like are not needed, and the method is strong in operability and wide in universality for farmers. And the conventional water extraction operation needs boiling treatment, consumes energy, and can lead the active ingredients in the medicinal materials to be volatilized continuously and reduced, but also lead the curative effect to be poor.
4. The prevention and control operation is simple: the Chinese herbal medicine juice is only required to be evenly sprayed on the frog body and treated for 2 hours. The follow-up operation is the same as the conventional feeding.
5. The treatment effect is good: on the 1 st day after administration, the flaccid gomphrena of the diseased rana spinosa becomes shallow; on the 3 rd day after administration, scarlet turns white, red swelling of limbs subsides, and diseased limbs turn soft; the medicine can be cured in 5-7 days; frogs fed normally after day 10.
6. The Chinese herbal medicine preparation is used for preventing and treating the skin rot disease of the quasipaa spinosa, can improve the culture survival rate, and can promote the green, healthy and sustainable development of the quasipaa spinosa culture industry.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
Taking 1kg of fresh clean houttuynia cordata and 1kg of honeysuckle plants respectively, mixing and mashing the plants, adding the crushed plants into a container filled with 6kg of water, stirring the mixture evenly, taking out herb residues, filtering the obtained medicinal juice by using a 80-mesh screen, and obtaining the filtrate which is the Chinese herbal medicine preparation and can be used for preventing and treating the skin rot disease of the rana spinosa.
And additionally taking 1kg of fresh clean houttuynia cordata, mixing and mashing the raw materials, adding the mixture into a container filled with 3kg of water, stirring the mixture evenly, taking out herb residues, and filtering the obtained decoction by using a 80-mesh screen to obtain the houttuynia cordata medicament.
Taking 1kg of honeysuckle plants, mixing and mashing, adding into a container filled with 3kg of water, stirring uniformly, taking out herb residues, and filtering the obtained decoction by using a 80-mesh screen to obtain the honeysuckle medicament.
A cement pond with the production isolation is used as a culture pond, the specification is 3m in length, 2m in width and 0.7m in height, and facilities for leakage prevention, escape prevention and shading are repaired. Cobblestones are laid at the bottom of the frog-raising pool, and ground light bricks are covered on the cobblestones, so that a place for the quasipaa spinosa to perch and hide can be provided, and the flowing water state can be kept throughout the year. Because the epidemic diseases of the Rana spinosa are spread by water, an independent water inlet and drainage system is selected. The stocking density of giant frogs of quasipaa spinosa is 40 per square meter, and the size of the giant frogs is about 20-50 g. Fresh yellow mealworms are used as baits, and the baits are fed according to about 5 percent of the weight of the frogs. The eating condition, the activity condition and the like of the frogs are observed every day, and daily breeding records such as daily feeding amount, water temperature condition, disease occurrence condition and the like are made.
The method for preventing and treating the quasipaa spinosa skin rot disease comprises the following steps: draining water in the frog raising pond, flushing the frog raising pond, and closing a water inlet valve to prevent stream water from entering the frog raising pond; lifting the mat stone to fully expose the Rana spinosa, pouring the Chinese herbal medicine preparation into a sprayer, uniformly spraying the Chinese herbal medicine preparation on the body surface of the Rana spinosa, and resetting the mat stone after spraying is finished; opening a water inlet valve two hours after the Chinese herbal medicine preparation is sprayed, and discharging water into the frog pond; the medicine is sprayed for three times every day when the diseased frogs are treated, and is sprayed for two times every day when the disease is prevented, and the medicine is continuously sprayed for 3-5 days.
Example 2
A cement pond with the production isolation is used as a culture pond, the specification is 3m in length, 2m in width and 0.7m in height, and facilities for leakage prevention, escape prevention and shading are repaired. Cobblestones are laid at the bottom of the frog-raising pool, and ground light bricks are covered on the cobblestones, so that a place for the quasipaa spinosa to perch and hide can be provided, and the flowing water state can be kept throughout the year. Because the epidemic diseases of the Rana spinosa are spread by water, an independent water inlet and drainage system is selected. The stocking density of the quasipaa spinosa and the young frogs is 30 per square meter, and the specification of the quasipaa spinosa and the young frogs is about 50-100 g. Fresh yellow mealworms are used as baits, and baits are fed according to about 4% of the weight of the frogs. The eating condition, the activity condition and the like of the frogs are observed every day, and daily breeding records such as daily feeding amount, water temperature condition, disease occurrence condition and the like are made.
The method for preventing and treating the quasipaa spinosa skin rot disease comprises the following steps: draining water in the frog raising pond, flushing the frog raising pond, and closing a water inlet valve to prevent stream water from entering the frog raising pond; lifting the mat stone to fully expose the Rana spinosa, pouring the Chinese herbal medicine preparation into a sprayer, uniformly spraying the Chinese herbal medicine preparation on the body surface of the Rana spinosa, and resetting the mat stone after spraying is finished; opening a water inlet valve two hours after the Chinese herbal medicine preparation is sprayed, and discharging water into the frog pond; the medicine is sprayed for three times every day when the diseased frogs are treated, and is sprayed for two times every day when the disease is prevented, and the medicine is continuously sprayed for 3-5 days.
Two kinds of quasipaa spinosa with different sizes and specifications are selected for large frogs and young frogs, and a disease treatment effect comparison test is carried out, and the results are as follows:
TABLE 1 comparison test of therapeutic effect of giant frogs of Rana spinosa
TABLE 2 comparative test of therapeutic effect of quasipaa spinosa and frogs
According to the analysis of test results, the average survival rate of both young frogs and young frogs is about 96.2% after long-term use of the heartleaf houttuynia herb and honeysuckle composition decoction for prevention treatment; during the disease attack period, the heartleaf houttuynia herb and honeysuckle composition decoction is used for treatment, the average survival rate of the frogs of the young and the big is 81.7%, and the average survival rate of the frogs of the young is 72.3%; the survival rate of the young frogs is 56.3 percent and the survival rate of the young frogs is only 23.4 percent without the treatment of the herbal medicine juice of the heartleaf houttuynia herb and the honeysuckle during the disease attack period. Therefore, the heartleaf houttuynia herb and honeysuckle composition decoction is effective in preventing and treating the Rana spinosa skin rot disease, and is worth popularizing and using in the Rana spinosa breeding process.
When the disease-suffering frogs are treated, the treatment effect is remarkable: on the 1 st day after administration, the flaccid gomphrena of the diseased rana spinosa becomes shallow; on the 3 rd day after administration, scarlet turns white, red swelling of limbs subsides, and diseased limbs turn soft; the medicine can be cured in 5-7 days; frogs fed normally after day 10.
The test results in tables 1 and 2 also show that the morbidity and mortality of the frogs are significantly higher than those of the frogs, and the applicant also performs a control test on the frogs (with the weight of 5-20 g), and the results are shown in table 3, which shows that the frogs are hardly attacked in the culture process, but are attacked on the frogs and the frogs, and the morbidity and mortality of the frogs are significantly higher than those of the frogs, so that the frogs in different stages have different sensitivities to the skin rot and have different morbidity. For the young frogs, the diseases are hardly caused, and the prevention and the treatment are not needed. However, for young frogs and young frogs, especially young frogs, the skin rot must be treated, otherwise the cultivation benefit is reduced. Therefore, the control work of the skin rot of the young frogs must be strengthened.
TABLE 3 comparison test of therapeutic effect of Rana spinosa young frogs
The control conditions of the houttuynia cordata medicament and the honeysuckle medicament which are independently used for the skin rot of the frog are shown in the following tables 4 and 5.
TABLE 4 comparative test of effect of herba Houttuyniae alone on treating skin rot disease of Rana spinosa and Rana nigromaculata
TABLE 5 comparison of effect of flos Lonicerae in treating skin ulcer of Rana spinosa and Rana nigromaculata
As can be seen from the test data in tables 4 and 5, the single use of the houttuynia cordata medicament or the honeysuckle medicament has poor control effect on the frog skin rot disease, the survival rate is not higher than 40%, and the best control effect can be achieved only by combining the houttuynia cordata medicament and the honeysuckle medicament.
Claims (5)
1. A Chinese herbal medicine preparation for preventing and treating quasipaa spinosa skin rot is characterized by being prepared according to the following method:
mixing fresh clean houttuynia cordata and honeysuckle plants according to the mass ratio of 1:1, mashing the mixture, adding water, wherein the amount of the water is 3 times of the total mass of the houttuynia cordata and the honeysuckle, uniformly stirring, separating and removing herb residues, filtering the obtained medicinal juice by using a 80-mesh screen, and obtaining the filtrate, namely the Chinese herbal medicine preparation for preventing and treating the Rana spinosa skin rot disease.
2. The use of the herbal formulation of claim 1 for the prevention and treatment of Rana spinosa skin rot, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) draining water in the frog raising pond, flushing the frog raising pond, and closing a water inlet valve to prevent stream water from entering the frog raising pond;
(2) fully exposing Rana spinosa, pouring the Chinese herbal medicine preparation into a sprayer, and uniformly spraying the Chinese herbal medicine preparation on the body surface of the Rana spinosa; opening a water inlet valve two hours after the Chinese herbal medicine preparation is sprayed, and discharging water into the frog pond;
(3) the medicine is sprayed for three times every day when the diseased frogs are treated, and is sprayed for two times every day when the skin rot disease of the Rana spinosa is prevented, and the medicine is continuously sprayed for 3-5 days.
3. The use according to claim 2, wherein the frog raising pond is constructed by the following method: taking a cement pond for production and isolation as a frog raising pond, and repairing facilities for leakage, escape prevention and shading; cobblestones are laid at the bottom of the frog-raising pool, and ground light bricks are covered on the cobblestones, so that a perching and hiding place can be provided for the quasipaa spinosa, and the flowing water state can be kept throughout the year; the frog-raising pond selects an independent water feeding and discharging system.
4. The use of claim 3, wherein the herbal preparation is applied by lifting the bricks to expose the quasipaa spinosa, spraying the herbal preparation, and restoring the bricks.
5. The application of claim 2, wherein the cultivation process of Rana spinosa is performed according to the bionic cultivation technique of Rana spinosa, and the cultivation density and feeding method are as follows: selecting robust Rana spinosa froglet and Rana spinosa frogs with strong jumping ability and active temperament, and respectively putting the Rana spinosa frogs and Rana spinosa frogs into different frog raising ponds; the stocking density of young babies is 40 per square meter, the stocking density of young frogs is 30 per square meter, fresh yellow mealworms are used as baits, the baits are fed according to 3-5% of the weight of quasipaa spinosa every day, the frog pond is flushed once every two days, and the pond is observed for 2 times every day.
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