CN107082810B - 抗茶碱抗体及使用方法 - Google Patents
抗茶碱抗体及使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107082810B CN107082810B CN201710177355.1A CN201710177355A CN107082810B CN 107082810 B CN107082810 B CN 107082810B CN 201710177355 A CN201710177355 A CN 201710177355A CN 107082810 B CN107082810 B CN 107082810B
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Abstract
本发明提供抗茶碱抗体及其使用方法。
Description
本申请是申请日为2013年7月4日的、发明名称为“抗茶碱抗体及使用方法”的中国专利申请201380034688.9(PCT/EP2013/064090)的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及抗茶碱抗体及使用抗茶碱抗体的方法。
背景技术
半抗原结合抗体可以用作治疗和诊断应用的捕获模块。例如,半抗原结合实体(如荧光团、螯合试剂、肽、核酸、蛋白质、脂质、纳米颗粒和许多其他活性剂)可以与半抗原结合抗体和抗体衍生物反应。这使得能够进行这类“有效负载”的有效检测,以及捕获、在希望的位置累积、交联和其他抗体介导的作用。由于半抗原的特征和组成可以影响半抗原结合实体的组成和“行为”(包括大小、溶解度、活性、生物物理特性、PK、生物学作用及更多),高度希望发展多种不同的半抗原结合实体。从而可能用给定的有效负载匹配所选择的半抗原来产生优化的半抗原缀合物。随后,可以将最适半抗原结合实体与该缀合物组合来产生最适的抗体-半抗原-有效负载复合物。还希望得到半抗原结合实体,如人源化的抗体衍生物。这使得能够以显著降低的干扰风险(如治疗性应用中的免疫原性)应用。
在WO 2010/119704中,报道了特异性结合β寡聚物的抗体及其用途。US 4,855,226中报道了茶碱的新的竞争测定及其中所用的试剂。WO 2010/045388中报道了MMP-9和MMP-12结合蛋白质在治疗和预防系统性硬化病中的用途。US 6,881,536中报道了基于颗粒的电化学发光测定。
发明概述
本发明提供抗茶碱抗体及使用抗茶碱抗体的方法。
本文报道的一个方面是人源化抗茶碱抗体,其中该抗体包含:(a)含有SEQ ID NO:11的氨基酸序列的HVR-H3;(b)含有SEQ ID NO:15的氨基酸序列的HVR-L3;和(c)含有SEQID NO:10的氨基酸序列的HVR-H2。
在一个实施方案中,该抗体对人茶碱具有10-12mol/l或更小的解离常数(亲和力)。
在一个实施方案中,该抗体还包含:(a)含有SEQ ID NO:09的氨基酸序列的HVR-H1;(b)含有SEQ ID NO:10的氨基酸序列的HVR-H2;和(c)含有SEQ ID NO:11的氨基酸序列的HVR-H3。
在一个实施方案中,该抗体还包含:(a)含有SEQ ID NO:13的氨基酸序列的HVR-L1;(b)含有SEQ ID NO:14的氨基酸序列的HVR-L2;和(c)含有SEQ ID NO:15的氨基酸序列的HVR-L3。
在一个实施方案中,该抗体是人源化抗体,且在按照Kabat编号的重链可变结构域的71位包含氨基酸残基精氨酸。
在一个实施方案中,该抗体是人源化抗体,且在按照Kabat编号的轻链可变结构域的46位包含氨基酸残基亮氨酸。
在一个实施方案中,该抗体是人源化抗体,且在按照Kabat编号的重链可变结构域的71位包含氨基酸残基精氨酸,在按照Kabat编号的轻链可变结构域的46位包含氨基酸残基亮氨酸。
在一个实施方案中,该抗体包含:(a)与SEQ ID NO:12的氨基酸序列具有至少95%序列同一性的VH序列;(b)与SEQ ID NO:16的氨基酸序列具有至少95%序列同一性的VL序列;或(c)(a)中的VH序列和(b)中的VL序列,其中按照Kabat编号的重链可变结构域的71位的氨基酸残基是精氨酸,按照Kabat编号的轻链可变结构域的46位的氨基酸残基是亮氨酸。
在一个实施方案中,该抗体包含SEQ ID NO:12的VH序列。
在一个实施方案中,该抗体包含SEQ ID NO:16的VL序列。
本文报道的一个方面是包含SEQ ID NO:12的VH序列和SEQ ID NO:16的VL序列的抗体。
在一个实施方案中,该抗体是全长IgG1抗体或全长IgG4抗体。
在一个实施方案中,该抗体是单克隆抗体。
在一个实施方案中,该抗体是结合茶碱的抗体片段。
本文报道的一个方面是包含本文报道的抗体和可药用载体的药物制剂。
本文报道的一个方面是本文报道的抗体用作药物。
本文报道的一个方面是本文报道的抗体在制备药物中的用途。
附图简述
图1.结合茶碱的嵌合抗体和人源化抗体的表达:还原型SDS PAGE显示用蛋白A和SEC纯化后嵌合抗体(中央泳道)和人源化抗体(右侧泳道)的组成和同质性。分子量标记加在左侧泳道中。抗体H链(50k处的上方条带)和L链(25k处的下方条带)可作为单一条带检测到,不存在可见量的额外的蛋白质污染。
图2.证明抗体与固定的茶碱的特异和有效的结合的茶碱ELISA。
图3.茶碱结合抗体在SPR实验中的结合概况。
图4.a)茶碱-Cys-Cy5的组成、结构和分子量;b)大小排阻层析证明所纯化的茶碱结合抗体变体的纯度和同质性;峰#2显示纯化的产物,峰#1的缺乏表明这类制剂不含聚集体;c)通过非还原型(左侧泳道)和还原型(右侧泳道)SDS PAGE证明茶碱结合抗体和茶碱-Cys-Cy5之间形成共价复合物;Cy5似乎仅在包含茶碱-Cys-Cy5和cys突变抗体的样品中在非还原条件下与H链偶联,这些共价缀合物在还原时分裂(右侧泳道);泳道1:分子量标记;2-4非还原型——2:抗茶碱抗体(不含cys突变)+茶碱-Cys-Cy5(复合物);3:抗茶碱抗体-cys_55+茶碱-Cys-Cy5(缀合物);4:抗茶碱抗体-cys_54+茶碱-Cys-Cy5(缀合物);5-7还原型——5:抗茶碱抗体(不含cys突变)+茶碱-Cys-Cy5(复合物);6:抗茶碱抗体-cys_55+茶碱-Cys-Cy5(缀合物);7:抗茶碱抗体-cys_54+茶碱-Cys-Cy5(缀合物)。
图5.通过表面等离振子共振(BIAcore)实验评价茶碱结合抗体的亲和力。通过抗-huFab将抗体的Fab片段捕获在芯片上,然后暴露于含有单茶碱的有效负载(茶碱-肽)。形成确定的1:1复合物(Fab:茶碱-有效负载)。除快速结合(结合速率)外,我们未观察到可检测到的解离速率,即结合抗原无相关释放。
发明详述
I.定义
用于本文目的的“受体人构架”是包含衍生自下文定义的人免疫球蛋白构架或人共有构架的轻链可变结构域(VL)构架或重链可变结构域(VH)构架的氨基酸序列的构架。“衍生自”人免疫球蛋白构架或人共有构架的受体人构架可以包含其相同的氨基酸序列,或者它可以包含氨基酸序列改变。在一些实施方案中,氨基酸改变的数目是10个或更少、9个或更少、8个或更少、7个或更少、6个或更少、5个或更少、4个或更少、3个或更少、或2个或更少。在一些实施方案中,VL受体人构架在序列上与VL人免疫球蛋白构架序列或人共有构架序列相同。
“亲和力”指分子(例如抗体)的单个结合部位与其结合配偶体(例如抗原)之间非共价相互作用的总和的强度。除非另有说明,本文所用的“结合亲和力”指内在的结合亲和力,其反映结合对(例如抗体和抗原)的成员之间的1:1相互作用。分子X对其配偶体Y的亲和力一般可以通过解离常数(Kd)来表示。亲和力可以通过本领域公知的方法来测量,包括本文中描述的那些。用于测量结合亲和力的具体的说明性和示例性实施方案在下文中描述。
“亲和力成熟”抗体指与不具有这类改变的亲本抗体相比在一个或多个高变区(HVR)中具有一个或多个改变的抗体,这类改变导致抗体对抗原的亲和力的改善。
术语“抗茶碱抗体”和“结合茶碱的抗体”指这样的抗体,其能够以足够的亲和力结合茶碱,使得该抗体可以在靶向茶碱中用作诊断剂和/或治疗剂。在一个实施方案中,如例如通过放射免疫测定(RIA)测量,抗茶碱抗体与不相关的非茶碱蛋白质结合的程度小于该抗体与茶碱的结合的约10%。在某些实施方案中,结合茶碱的抗体具有≤1μM、≤100nM、≤10nM、≤1nM、≤0.1nM、≤0.01nM、或≤0.001nM(例如10-8M或更小,例如从10-8M至10-13M,例如从10-9M至10-13M)的解离常数(Kd)。
术语“抗体”在本文中以最广泛的含义使用并涵盖多种抗体结构,包括但不限于单克隆抗体、多克隆抗体、多特异性抗体(例如双特异性抗体)和抗体片段,只要它们显示希望的抗原结合活性。
“抗体片段”指除完整抗体以外的包含完整抗体的部分的分子,其结合该完整抗体所结合的抗原。抗体片段的实例包括但不限于Fv、Fab、Fab'、Fab’-SH、F(ab')2;双抗体;线性抗体;单链抗体分子(例如scFv);及从抗体片段形成的多特异性抗体。
与参考抗体“结合相同表位的抗体”指在竞争测定中将参考抗体与其抗原的结合阻断50%或更多的抗体,相反,参考抗体在竞争测定中将抗体与其抗原的结合阻断50%或更多。本文提供示例性竞争测定。
术语“嵌合”抗体指这样的抗体,其中部分重链和/或轻链衍生自特定来源或物种,而重链和/或轻链的其余部分衍生自不同的来源或物种。
抗体的“种类”指其重链所具有的恒定结构域或恒定区的类型。存在五个主要种类的抗体:IgA、IgD、IgE、IgG和IgM,这些种类中的几种可以还划分为亚类(同种型),例如IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、IgA1和IgA2。对应于不同种类的免疫球蛋白的重链恒定结构域分别称为α、δ、ε、γ和μ。
本文所用的术语“细胞毒剂”指抑制或阻止细胞功能和/或引起细胞死亡或破坏的物质。细胞毒剂包括但不限于放射性同位素(例如At211、I131、I125、Y90、Re186、Re188、Sm153、Bi212、P32、Pb212和Lu的放射性同位素);化疗剂或化疗药物(例如氨甲喋呤、阿霉素(adriamicin)、长春花生物碱(长春花新碱(vincristine)、长春灭瘟碱(vinblastine)、依托泊苷(etoposide))、多柔比星(doxorubicin)、苯丙氨酸氮芥(melphalan)、丝裂霉素C、苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)、柔红霉素(daunorubicin)或其他嵌入剂);生长抑制剂;酶及其片段,如核溶解酶;抗生素;毒素,如细菌、真菌、植物或动物来源的小分子毒素或酶活性毒素,包括其片段和/或变体;及下文公开的多种抗肿瘤或抗癌剂。
“效应子功能”指可归因于抗体的Fc区且随抗体种类而变的那些生物学活性。抗体效应子功能的实例包括:C1q结合和依赖补体的细胞毒性(CDC);Fc受体结合;依赖抗体的细胞毒性(ADCC);吞噬作用;细胞表面受体(例如B细胞受体)的下调;及B细胞激活。
活性剂(例如药物制剂)的“有效量”指对在剂量和需要的时期内达到希望的治疗或预防结果有效的量。
本文的术语“Fc区”用来定义免疫球蛋白重链的C端区域,其包含至少部分恒定区。该术语包括天然序列Fc区和变体Fc区。在一个实施方案中,人IgG重链Fc区从Cys226或从Pro230延伸至重链的羧基端。但是,Fc区的C端赖氨酸(Lys447)可以存在或不存在。除非本文另有说明,Fc区或恒定区中的氨基酸残基的编号按照Kaba t,E.A.等,Sequences ofProteins of Immunological Interest,第5版Public Health Service,NationalInstitutes of Health,Bethesda,MD,1991,NIH公开91-3242中所述的EU编号系统,也称为EU指数。
“构架”或“FR”指高变区(HVR)残基之外的可变结构域残基。可变结构域的FR一般由四个FR结构域组成:FR1、FR2、FR3和FR4。因此,HVR和FR序列一般按以下顺序出现在VH(或VL)中:FR1-H1(L1)-FR2-H2(L2)-FR3-H3(L3)-FR4。
术语“全长抗体”、“完整抗体”和“全抗体”在本文中可互换使用,指具有基本上类似于天然抗体结构的结构或具有包含本文定义的Fc区的重链的抗体。
术语“宿主细胞”、“宿主细胞系”和“宿主细胞培养物”可互换使用,指已将外源核酸引入其中的细胞,包括这类细胞的后代。宿主细胞包括“转化体”和“转化细胞”,其包括最初转化的细胞及从其衍生的后代,而不考虑传代数。后代的核酸含量可以并非与亲本细胞完全相同,而是可以包含突变。本文包括具有与在最初转化的细胞中筛选或选择的功能或生物学活性相同的功能和生物学活性的突变体后代。
“人抗体”是具有这样的氨基酸序列的抗体,该氨基酸序列对应于由人或人细胞产生或衍生自利用人抗体库或其他人抗体编码序列的非人来源的抗体的氨基酸序列。人抗体的此定义明确排除了包含非人抗原结合残基的人源化抗体。
“人共有构架”是代表人免疫球蛋白VL或VH构架序列的选择中最常出现的氨基酸残基的构架。通常,该人免疫球蛋白VL或VH构架序列的选择来自可变结构域序列亚组。通常,该序列亚组是Kabat,E.A.等,Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest,第5版,NIH Publication 91-3242,Bethesda MD(1991),1-3卷中的亚组。在一个实施方案中,对于VL,该亚组是Kabat等,上文中的亚组κI。在一个实施方案中,对于VH,该亚组是Kabat等,上文中的亚组III。
“人源化”抗体指包含来自非人HVR的氨基酸残基和来自人FR的氨基酸残基的嵌合抗体。在某些实施方案中,人源化抗体将包含至少一个且通常为两个可变结构域的基本上全部,其中全部或基本上全部HVR(例如CDR)对应于非人抗体的那些,而全部或基本上全部FR对应于人抗体的那些。人源化抗体可以可选地包含源自人抗体的抗体恒定区的至少一部分。抗体(例如非人抗体)的“人源化形式”指已进行了人源化的抗体。
本文所用的术语“高变区”或“HVR”指抗体可变结构域的在序列上高变和/或形成结构上定义的环(“高变环”)的区域中的每一个。通常,天然四链抗体包含六个HVR;三个在VH中(H1、H2、H3),三个在VL中(L1、L2、L3)。HVR一般包含来自高变环和/或来自“互补决定区”(CDR)的氨基酸残基,后者具有最高的序列变异性和/或涉及抗原识别。示例性高变环存在于氨基酸残基26-32(L1)、50-52(L2)、91-96(L3)、26-32(H1)、53-55(H2)和96-101(H3)(Chothia C.和Lesk,A.M.,J.Mol.Biol.196:901-917(1987))。示例性CDR(CDR-L1、CDR-L2、CDR-L3、CDR-H1、CDR-H2和CDR-H3)存在于L1的氨基酸残基24-34、L2的氨基酸残基50-56、L3的氨基酸残基89-97、H1的氨基酸残基31-35B、H2的氨基酸残基50-65和H3的氨基酸残基95-102(Kabat,E.A.等,Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest,第5版PublicHealth Service,National Institutes of Health,Bethesda,MD(1991)NIH公开91-3242)。除VH中的CDR1外,CDR一般包含形成高变环的氨基酸残基。CDR还包含“特异性决定残基”或“SDR”,其是接触抗原的残基。SDR包含在CDR的称为缩短的CDR或a-CDR的区域内。示例性a-CDR(a-CDR-L1、a-CDR-L2、a-CDR-L3、a-CDR-H1、a-CDR-H2和a-CDR-H3)存在于L1的氨基酸残基31-34、L2的氨基酸残基50-55、L3的氨基酸残基89-96、H1的氨基酸残基31-35B、H2的氨基酸残基50-58和H3的氨基酸残基95-102(见Almagro和Fransson,Front.Biosci.13:1619-1633(2008))。除非另有说明,本文按照Kabat等,上文编号可变结构域中的HVR残基和其他残基(例如FR残基)。
“免疫缀合物”是与一种或多种异源分子(包括但不限于细胞毒剂)缀合的抗体。
“个体(individual)”或“对象(subject)”是哺乳动物。哺乳动物包括但不限于饲养的动物(例如牛、绵羊、猫、狗和马)、灵长类(例如人类和非人灵长类,如猴)、兔和啮齿类(例如小鼠和大鼠)。在一些实施方案中,该个体或对象是人。
“分离的”抗体是已从其天然环境的成分分开的抗体。在一些实施方案中,将抗体纯化至通过例如电泳(例如SDS-PAGE、等电聚焦(IEF)、毛细管电泳)或层析(例如离子交换或反相HPLC)测定的纯度大于95%或99%。评估抗体纯度的方法的综述见例如Flatman等,J.Chrom.B848:79-87(2007)。
“分离的”核酸指已从其天然环境的成分分开的核酸分子。分离的核酸包括包含在通常含有该核酸分子的细胞中的核酸分子,但该核酸分子存在于染色体外或不同于其天然染色体位置的染色体位置上。
“分离的编码抗茶碱抗体的核酸”指编码抗体重链和轻链(或其片段)的一个或多个核酸分子,包括单个载体或分开的载体中的这种(类)核酸分子,及存在于宿主细胞中的一个或多个位置的这种(类)核酸分子。
本文所用的术语“单克隆抗体”指获自基本上同质的抗体群体的抗体,即除了例如包含天然存在的突变或在产生单克隆抗体制剂期间出现的可能的变体抗体(这类变体通常以较小的量存在)外,包含该群体的单种抗体相同和/或结合相同的表位。与通常包含抗不同决定簇(表位)的不同抗体的多克隆抗体制剂不同,单克隆抗体制剂的每种单克隆抗体抗抗原上的单个决定簇。因此,修饰词“单克隆”指抗体获自基本上同质的抗体群体的特征,而不解释为需要通过任意具体的方法来产生抗体。例如,将要按照本发明使用的单克隆抗体可以通过多种技术来制备,其包括但不限于杂交瘤法、重组DNA法、噬菌体展示法和利用含有全部或部分人免疫球蛋白基因座的转基因动物的方法,本文描述了用于制备单克隆抗体的这类方法和其他示例性方法。
“裸抗体”指未与异源部分(例如细胞毒性部分)或放射性标记缀合的抗体。裸抗体可以存在于药物制剂中。
“天然抗体”指天然存在的具有不同结构的免疫球蛋白分子。例如,天然IgG抗体是由形成二硫键的两条相同的轻链和两条相同的重链组成的约150,000道尔顿的异源四聚体糖蛋白。从N端至C端,每条重链具有可变区(VH),也称为可变重链结构域或重链可变结构域,随后是三个恒定结构域(CH1、CH2和CH3)。类似地,从N端至C端,每条轻链具有可变区(VL),也称为可变轻链结构域或轻链可变结构域,随后是恒定轻链(CL)结构域。根据其恒定结构域的氨基酸序列,可以将抗体的轻链分配至两个类型之一,称为κ和λ。
术语“包装说明书”用来指通常包含在治疗性产品的商业包装中的说明,其包含关于适应症、用法、剂量、施用、联合治疗、禁忌症的信息和/或有关这类治疗性产品的用途的警告的信息。
就参考多肽序列而言的“百分比(%)氨基酸序列同一性”定义为在比对序列并在必要时引入缺口来达到最大百分比序列同一性,而不将任意保守取代视为序列同一性的部分之后,候选序列中与参考多肽序列中的氨基酸残基相同的氨基酸残基的百分比。可以以本领域技术之内的多种方式来达到以测定百分比氨基酸序列同一性为目的的比对,例如,使用公开可得的计算机软件,如BLAST、BLAST-2、ALIGN或Megalign(DNASTAR)软件。本领域技术人员可以确定用于比对序列的适当参数,包括在所比较的序列的全长内达到最大比对所需的任意算法。但是,为了本文的目的,用序列比较计算机程序ALIGN-2来产生%氨基酸序列同一性值。ALIGN-2序列比较计算机程序由Genentech,Inc.编写,源代码已随用户文件提交美国版权办公室,Washington D.C.,20559,它在美国版权办公室注册在美国版权注册号TXU510087之下。ALIGN-2程序从Genentech,Inc.,South San Francisco,California公开可得,或者可以从源代码编译。ALIGN-2程序应编译用在UNIX操作系统上,包括数字UNIXV4.0D。所有序列比较参数由ALIGN-2程序设定且不变动。
在利用ALIGN-2来进行氨基酸序列比较的情况下,按以下计算给定氨基酸序列A与给定氨基酸序列B的%氨基酸序列同一性(其可以备选地叙述为,具有或包含与给定氨基酸序列B的某%氨基酸序列同一性的给定氨基酸序列A):
100乘以分数X/Y
其中X是在该程序的A和B的比对中通过序列比对程序ALIGN-2评分为相同的匹配的氨基酸残基的数目,且其中Y是B中的氨基酸残基的总数。应理解,在氨基酸序列A的长度不等于氨基酸序列B的长度时,A与B的%氨基酸序列同一性将不等于B与A的%氨基酸序列同一性。除非明确地另有说明,本文中使用的所有%氨基酸序列同一性值都是用ALIGN-2计算机程序按前一段落中所述获得。
术语“药物制剂”指这样的制备物,其处于这样的形式,使得包含在其中的活性成分的生物学活性有效,且不包含对将要施用该制剂的个体具有不可接受的毒性的额外成分。
“可药用载体”指药物制剂中除活性成分外的成分,其对个体无毒性。可药用载体包括但不限于缓冲剂、赋形剂、稳定剂或防腐剂。
术语“茶碱”、缩写“THEO”表示1,3-二甲基-7H-嘌呤-2,6-二酮。茶碱也称为二甲基黄嘌岭。
本文所用的“处理”(及其语法变形)指改变所处理的个体的自然过程的尝试中的临床干预,且可以为了预防而进行或在临床病理的过程中进行。希望得到的处理作用包括但不限于防止疾病的发生或复发、减轻症状、减少疾病的任意直接或间接的病理结果、防止转移、降低疾病进展的速率、改善或缓和疾病状态及消退或改善的预后。在一些实施方案中,用本发明的抗体来延迟疾病的发展或减慢疾病的进展。
术语“可变区”或“可变结构域”指抗体重链或轻链的涉及该抗体与抗原结合的结构域。天然抗体的重链和轻链的可变结构域(分别为VH和VL)通常具有相似的结构,每个结构域包含四个保守的构架区(FR)和三个高变区(HVR)(见例如Kindt,T.J.等KubyImmunology,第6版,W.H.Freeman and Co.,N.Y.(2007),第91页)。单个VH或VL结构域可以足以赋予抗原结合特异性。此外,可以分别用来自结合该抗原的抗体的VH或VL结构域筛选互补的VL或VH结构域的文库来分离结合特定抗原的抗体(见例如Portolano,S.等,J.Immunol.150(1993)880-887;Clackson,T.等,Nature 352(1991)624-628)。
本文所用的术语“载体”指能够繁殖与它连接的另一核酸的核酸分子。该术语包括作为自主复制核酸结构的载体,以及掺入它所引入的宿主细胞的基因组中的载体。某些载体能够指导与它们有效连接的核酸的表达。这类载体在本文中称为“表达载体”。
术语“半抗原”指只有在附着于诸如蛋白质的大载体时才能引出免疫反应的小分子。示例性半抗原是苯胺、邻-、间-和对-氨基苯甲酸、醌、肼苯哒嗪、氟烷、荧光素、生物素、洋地黄毒苷、茶碱和二硝基苯酚。在一个实施方案中,该半抗原是生物素或洋地黄毒苷或茶碱或碳硼烷。
术语“与…缀合的半抗原”或“半抗原化的化合物”指与其他部分(如多肽或标记)共价连接的半抗原。常用活化的半抗原衍生物作为起始物质来形成这类缀合物。在一个实施方案中,该半抗原是洋地黄毒苷,且它通过接头与部分缀合(在一个实施方案中,通过其3-羟基)。在一个实施方案中,该接头包含:a)一个或多个(在一个实施方案中,三个至六个)亚甲基-羧基-甲基(-CH2-C(O)-);和/或b)1至10个(在一个实施方案中,1至5个)氨基酸残基(在一个实施方案中,选自甘氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、β-丙氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、ε-氨基己酸或赖氨酸);和/或c)一个或多个(在一个实施方案中,一个或两个)具有结构式NH2-[(CH2)nO]xCH2-CH2-COOH的化合物,其中n是2或3,x是1至10,在一个实施方案中,是1至7。最后一个元件(至少部分)产生式-NH-[(CH2)nO]xCH2-CH2-C(O)-的接头(部分)。这种化合物的一个实例是例如12-氨基-4,7,10-三氧杂月桂酸(产生TEG(三乙二醇)接头)。在一个实施方案中,该接头还包含马来酰亚胺基。该接头具有稳定和增溶的作用,因为它包含电荷或/和可以形成氢桥。此外,它可以在空间上便于抗-半抗原抗体与半抗原缀合的多肽的结合。在一个实施方案中,该接头定位在多肽的氨基酸的侧链上(例如,通过氨基或巯基与赖氨酸或半胱氨酸侧链缀合)。在一个实施方案中,该接头定位在多肽的氨基端或羧基端。通常在不影响多肽的生物学活性的区域选择接头在多肽上的位置。因此,接头的附着位置取决于多肽及负责生物学活性的相关结构元件的性质。半抗原所附着的多肽的生物学活性可以在体外测定法中测试。
术语“共价复合物形成”指在形成非共价复合物,例如在抗茶碱抗体和茶碱之间后,在复合物中的两个配偶体之间形成共价键。共价键的形成在无需加入其他反应物的情况下发生。
II.组合物和方法
在一方面,本发明基于结合茶碱的抗体。本文提供这些抗体。本发明的抗体可用作例如用于结合茶碱化的化合物的单特异性抗体和用于通过用与茶碱化的化合物的结合特异性作为抗体的通用有效负载特征来诊断或治疗所有种类的疾病的多特异性抗体。
A.示例性抗茶碱抗体
在一方面,本发明提供分离的结合茶碱的抗体。在某些实施方案中,该抗茶碱抗体是人源化抗茶碱抗体。在某些实施方案中,本文报道的抗茶碱抗体与茶碱化的化合物结合而不干扰与茶碱缀合并通过茶碱残基由抗体特异性结合的化合物的生物学活性。因此,如果该抗体是单特异性抗体,则可以用这些抗体来改善与茶碱缀合的化合物(茶碱化的化合物)的药物代谢动力学。另外,如果该抗体是双特异性或多特异性抗体,则这些抗体可以用于茶碱化的化合物的靶向递送,因为一种结合特异性针对茶碱,且可以用作通用有效负载特异性,而第二结合特异性特异性结合例如细胞表面分子,并提供该双特异性或多特异性抗体的靶向特征/成分。
在一方面,本发明提供包含选自以下的至少一个、两个、三个、四个、五个或六个HVR的抗茶碱抗体:(a)含有SEQ ID NO:01的氨基酸序列的HVR-H1;(b)含有SEQ ID NO:02的氨基酸序列的HVR-H2;(c)含有SEQ ID NO:03的氨基酸序列的HVR-H3;(d)含有SEQ ID NO:05的氨基酸序列的HVR-L1;(e)含有SEQ ID NO:06的氨基酸序列的HVR-L2;和(f)含有SEQID NO:07的氨基酸序列的HVR-L3。
在一方面,本发明提供包含选自以下的至少一个、至少两个或全部三个VH HVR序列的抗茶碱抗体:(a)含有SEQ ID NO:01的氨基酸序列的HVR-H1;(b)含有SEQ ID NO:02的氨基酸序列的HVR-H2;和(c)含有SEQ ID NO:03的氨基酸序列的HVR-H3。在一个实施方案中,该抗体包含含有SEQ ID NO:03的氨基酸序列的HVR-H3。在另一实施方案中,该抗体包含含有SEQ ID NO:03的氨基酸序列的HVR-H3和含有SEQ ID NO:07的氨基酸序列的HVR-L3。在另一实施方案中,该抗体包含含有SEQ ID NO:03的氨基酸序列的HVR-H3、含有SEQ ID NO:07的氨基酸序列的HVR-L3和含有SEQ ID NO:02的氨基酸序列的HVR-H2。在另一实施方案中,该抗体包含:(a)含有SEQ ID NO:01的氨基酸序列的HVR-H1;(b)含有SEQ ID NO:02的氨基酸序列的HVR-H2;和(c)含有SEQ ID NO:03的氨基酸序列的HVR-H3。
在另一方面,本发明提供包含选自以下的至少一个、至少两个或全部三个VL HVR序列的抗茶碱抗体:(a)含有SEQ ID NO:05的氨基酸序列的HVR-L1;(b)含有SEQ ID NO:06的氨基酸序列的HVR-L2;和(c)含有SEQ ID NO:07的氨基酸序列的HVR-L3。在一个实施方案中,该抗体包含:(a)含有SEQ ID NO:05的氨基酸序列的HVR-L1;(b)含有SEQ ID NO:06的氨基酸序列的HVR-L2;和(c)含有SEQ ID NO:07的氨基酸序列的HVR-L3。
在另一方面,本发明的抗茶碱抗体包含:(a)含有选自以下的至少一个、至少两个或全部三个VH HVR序列的VH结构域:(i)含有SEQ ID NO:01的氨基酸序列的HVR-H1、(ii)含有SEQ ID NO:02的氨基酸序列的HVR-H2和(iii)含有SEQ ID NO:03的氨基酸序列的HVR-H3;和(b)含有选自以下的至少一个、至少两个或全部三个VL HVR序列的VL结构域:(i)含有SEQ ID NO:05的氨基酸序列的HVR-L1、(ii)含有SEQ ID NO:06的氨基酸序列的HVR-L2和(iii)含有SEQ ID NO:07的氨基酸序列的HVR-L3。
在另一方面,本发明提供包含以下的抗茶碱抗体:(a)含有SEQ ID NO:01的氨基酸序列的HVR-H1;(b)含有SEQ ID NO:02的氨基酸序列的HVR-H2;(c)含有SEQ ID NO:03的氨基酸序列的HVR-H3;(d)含有SEQ ID NO:05的氨基酸序列的HVR-L1;(e)含有SEQ ID NO:06的氨基酸序列的HVR-L2;和(f)含有SEQ ID NO:07的氨基酸序列的HVR-L3。
在一个实施方案中,该抗茶碱抗体是人源化的。
在一方面,本发明提供包含选自以下的至少一个、两个、三个、四个、五个或六个HVR的人源化抗茶碱抗体:(a)含有SEQ ID NO:09的氨基酸序列的HVR-H1;(b)含有SEQ IDNO:10的氨基酸序列的HVR-H2;(c)含有SEQ ID NO:11的氨基酸序列的HVR-H3;(d)含有SEQID NO:13的氨基酸序列的HVR-L1;(e)含有SEQ ID NO:14的氨基酸序列的HVR-L2;和(f)含有SEQ ID NO:15的氨基酸序列的HVR-L3。
在一方面,本发明提供包含选自以下的至少一个、至少两个或全部三个VH HVR序列的人源化抗茶碱抗体:(a)含有SEQ ID NO:09的氨基酸序列的HVR-H1;(b)含有SEQ IDNO:10的氨基酸序列的HVR-H2;和(c)含有SEQ ID NO:11的氨基酸序列的HVR-H3。在一个实施方案中,该抗体包含含有SEQ ID NO:11的氨基酸序列的HVR-H3。在另一实施方案中,该抗体包含含有SEQ ID NO:11的氨基酸序列的HVR-H3和含有SEQ ID NO:15的氨基酸序列的HVR-L3。在另一实施方案中,该抗体包含含有SEQ ID NO:11的氨基酸序列的HVR-H3、含有SEQ ID NO:15的氨基酸序列的HVR-L3和含有SEQ ID NO:10的氨基酸序列的HVR-H2。在另一实施方案中,该抗体包含:(a)含有SEQ ID NO:09的氨基酸序列的HVR-H1;(b)含有SEQ IDNO:10的氨基酸序列的HVR-H2;和(c)含有SEQ ID NO:11的氨基酸序列的HVR-H3。
在另一方面,本发明提供包含选自以下的至少一个、至少两个或全部三个VL HVR序列的人源化抗茶碱抗体:(a)含有SEQ ID NO:13的氨基酸序列的HVR-L1;(b)含有SEQ IDNO:14的氨基酸序列的HVR-L2;和(c)含有SEQ ID NO:15的氨基酸序列的HVR-L3。在一个实施方案中,该抗体包含:(a)含有SEQ ID NO:13的氨基酸序列的HVR-L1;(b)含有SEQ ID NO:14的氨基酸序列的HVR-L2;和(c)含有SEQ ID NO:15的氨基酸序列的HVR-L3。
在另一方面,本发明的抗体包含:(a)含有选自以下的至少一个、至少两个或全部三个VH HVR序列的VH结构域:(i)含有SEQ ID NO:09的氨基酸序列的HVR-H1、(ii)含有SEQID NO:10的氨基酸序列的HVR-H2和(iii)含有SEQ ID NO:11的氨基酸序列的HVR-H3;和(b)含有选自以下的至少一个、至少两个或全部三个VL HVR序列的VL结构域:(i)含有SEQ IDNO:13的氨基酸序列的HVR-L1、(ii)含有SEQ ID NO:14的氨基酸序列的HVR-L2和(c)含有SEQ ID NO:15的氨基酸序列的HVR-L3。
在另一方面,本发明提供包含以下的人源化抗茶碱抗体:(a)含有SEQ ID NO:09的氨基酸序列的HVR-H1;(b)含有SEQ ID NO:10的氨基酸序列的HVR-H2;(c)含有SEQ ID NO:11的氨基酸序列的HVR-H3;(d)含有SEQ ID NO:13的氨基酸序列的HVR-L1;(e)含有SEQ IDNO:14的氨基酸序列的HVR-L2;和(f)含有选自SEQ ID NO:15的氨基酸序列的HVR-L3。
在另一方面,本发明提供包含以下的人源化抗茶碱抗体:(a)含有SEQ ID NO:01的氨基酸序列的HVR-H1;(b)含有SEQ ID NO:02的氨基酸序列的HVR-H2;(c)含有SEQ ID NO:03的氨基酸序列的HVR-H3;(d)含有SEQ ID NO:05的氨基酸序列的HVR-L1;(e)含有SEQ IDNO:06的氨基酸序列的HVR-L2;和(f)含有选自SEQ ID NO:07的氨基酸序列的HVR-L3;其中HVR-H2中60位的氨基酸残基是A,且HVR-H2中61位的氨基酸残基是Q。
在一个实施方案中,人源化抗茶碱抗体包含以上实施方案中任一个的HVR,且还包含受体人构架,例如人免疫球蛋白构架或人共有构架。在一个实施方案中,人源化抗茶碱抗体包含以上实施方案中任一个的HVR,且还包含:
-71位的R。
Kabat 71位对应于SEQ ID NO:04、12和20的残基编号72。
引入此改变(回复突变)来增加人源化抗茶碱抗体的结合亲和力。
在另一方面,抗茶碱抗体包含与SEQ ID NO:04的氨基酸序列具有至少90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%、99%或100%序列同一性的重链可变结构域(VH)序列。在某些实施方案中,具有至少90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%同一性的VH序列相对于参考序列包含取代(例如保守取代)、插入或缺失,但包含该序列的抗茶碱抗体保留与茶碱结合的能力。在某些实施方案中,在SEQ ID NO:04中取代、插入和/或缺失了总计1至10个氨基酸。在某些实施方案中,取代、插入或缺失发生在HVR以外的区域中(即FR中)。可选地,该抗茶碱抗体包含SEQ ID NO:04中的VH序列,包括该序列的翻译后修饰。在具体实施方案中,该VH包含选自以下的一个、两个或三个HVR:(a)含有SEQ IDNO:01的氨基酸序列的HVR-H1;(b)含有SEQ ID NO:02的氨基酸序列的HVR-H2;和(c)含有SEQ ID NO:03的氨基酸序列的HVR-H3。
在一个实施方案中,人源化抗茶碱抗体包含以上实施方案中任一个的HVR,且还包含受体人构架,例如人免疫球蛋白构架或人共有构架。在一个实施方案中,人源化抗茶碱抗体包含含有以上实施方案中任一个的HVR-H的VH,且还包含:
-71位的R。
Kabat 71位对应于SEQ ID NO:04、12和20的残基编号72。
在另一方面,提供抗茶碱抗体,其中该抗体包含与SEQ ID NO:08的氨基酸序列具有至少90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%、99%或100%序列同一性的轻链可变结构域(VL)。在某些实施方案中,具有至少90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%同一性的VL序列相对于参考序列包含取代(例如保守取代)、插入或缺失,但包含该序列的抗茶碱抗体保留与茶碱结合的能力。在某些实施方案中,在SEQ ID NO:08中取代、插入和/或缺失了总计1至10个氨基酸。在某些实施方案中,取代、插入或缺失发生在HVR以外的区域中(即FR中)。可选地,该抗茶碱抗体包含SEQ ID NO:08中的VL序列,包括该序列的翻译后修饰。在具体实施方案中,该VL包含选自以下的一个、两个或三个HVR:(a)含有SEQ ID NO:05的氨基酸序列的HVR-L1;(b)含有SEQ ID NO:06的氨基酸序列的HVR-L2;和(c)含有SEQ ID NO:07的氨基酸序列的HVR-L3。
在另一方面,提供抗茶碱抗体,其中该抗体包含上文提供的实施方案中任一个的VH,及上文提供的实施方案中任一个的VL。在一个实施方案中,该抗体包含分别在SEQ IDNO:04和SEQ ID NO:08中的VH和VL序列,包括那些序列的翻译后修饰。
在一个实施方案中,人源化抗茶碱抗体包含以上实施方案中任一个的HVR,且还包含受体人构架,例如人免疫球蛋白构架或人共有构架。在一个实施方案中,人源化抗茶碱抗体包含含有以上实施方案中任一个的HVR-L的VL,且还包含:
-46位的L。
Kabat 46位对应于SEQ ID NO:08、16和24的残基编号51。
引入此改变(回复突变)来增加人源化抗茶碱抗体的结合亲和力。
在另一方面,人源化抗茶碱抗体包含与SEQ ID NO:12的氨基酸序列具有至少90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%、99%或100%序列同一性的重链可变结构域(VH)序列。在某些实施方案中,具有至少90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%同一性的VH序列相对于参考序列包含取代(例如保守取代)、插入或缺失,但包含该序列的抗茶碱抗体保留与茶碱结合的能力。在某些实施方案中,在SEQ ID NO:12中取代、插入和/或缺失了总计1至10个氨基酸。在某些实施方案中,取代、插入或缺失发生在HVR以外的区域中(即FR中)。可选地,该抗茶碱抗体包含SEQ ID NO:12中的VH序列,包括该序列的翻译后修饰。在具体实施方案中,该VH包含选自以下的一个、两个或三个HVR:(a)含有SEQ ID NO:09的氨基酸序列的HVR-H1;(b)含有SEQ ID NO:10的氨基酸序列的HVR-H2;和(c)含有SEQ ID NO:11的氨基酸序列的HVR-H3。
在另一方面,提供人源化抗茶碱抗体,其中该抗体包含与SEQ ID NO:16的氨基酸序列具有至少90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%、99%或100%序列同一性的轻链可变结构域(VL)。在某些实施方案中,具有至少90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%同一性的VL序列相对于参考序列包含取代(例如保守取代)、插入或缺失,但包含该序列的抗茶碱抗体保留与茶碱结合的能力。在某些实施方案中,在SEQ ID NO:16中取代、插入和/或缺失了总计1至10个氨基酸。在某些实施方案中,取代、插入或缺失发生在HVR以外的区域中(即FR中)。可选地,该抗茶碱抗体包含SEQ ID NO:16中的VL序列,包括该序列的翻译后修饰。在具体实施方案中,该VL包含选自以下的一个、两个或三个HVR:(a)含有SEQ ID NO:13的氨基酸序列的HVR-L1;(b)含有SEQ ID NO:14的氨基酸序列的HVR-L2;和(c)含有SEQ ID NO:15的氨基酸序列的HVR-L3。
在另一方面,提供人源化抗茶碱抗体,其中该抗体包含上文提供的实施方案中任一个的VH,及上文提供的实施方案中任一个的VL。在一个实施方案中,该抗体包含分别在SEQ ID NO:12和SEQ ID NO:16中的VH和VL序列,包括那些序列的翻译后修饰。
在本发明的另一方面,以上实施方案中任一个的抗茶碱抗体是单克隆抗体,包括嵌合抗体、人源化抗体或人抗体。在一个实施方案中,抗茶碱抗体是抗体片段,例如Fv、Fab、Fab’、scFv、双抗体或F(ab’)2片段。在另一实施方案中,该抗体是全长抗体,例如完整的IgG1或IgG4抗体或本文定义的其他抗体种类或同种型。
在另一方面,以上实施方案中任一个的抗茶碱抗体可以单独或组合并入以下1-5章节中所述的任意特征:
1.抗体亲和力
在某些实施方案中,本文提供的抗体具有≤0.001nM(例如10-12M或更小、例如10- 12M至10-13M)的解离常数(Kd)。
在一个实施方案中,通过用以下测定所述的Fab形式的目的抗体及其抗原进行的放射性标记抗原结合测定法(RIA)来测量Kd。通过在未标记抗原的滴定系列的存在下用最小浓度的(125I)-标记的抗原平衡Fab,然后用抗-Fab抗体包被的平板捕获结合的抗原来测量Fab对抗原的溶液结合亲和力(见例如Chen,Y.等,J.Mol.Biol.293(1999)865-881)。为了确定用于测定法的条件,用50mM碳酸钠(pH 9.6)中的5μg/ml的捕获抗-Fab抗体(CappelLabs)过夜包被多孔板(Thermo Scientific),然后用PBS中的2%(w/v)牛血清白蛋白在室温(约23℃)下封闭2至5小时。在非吸附平板(Nunc#269620)中,将100pM或26pM[125I]-抗原与目的Fab的系列稀释混合(例如,与Presta,L.G.等,CancerRes.57(1997)4593-4599中的抗-VEGF抗体,Fab-12的评估一致)。然后过夜孵育目的Fab;但是,孵育可以持续更长时期(例如约65小时),以确保达到平衡。然后,将混合物转移至捕获平板以在室温下孵育(例如孵育1小时)。然后去除溶液,用含0.1%聚山梨酸酯20的PBS洗涤平板8次。平板干燥时,加入150μl/孔的闪烁剂(MICROSCINT-20TM;Packard),在TOPCOUNT TMγ计数器(Packard)上计数平板10分钟。选择给出小于或等于最大结合的20%的每种Fab的浓度用于竞争结合测定法。
根据另一实施方案,用~10个响应单位(RU)的固定化抗原CM5芯片,在25℃下使用-2000或-3000(BIAcore,Inc.,Piscataway,NJ),用表面等离振子共振测定法来测量Kd。简言之,按照供应商的说明用N-乙基-N’-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)活化羧甲基化葡聚糖生物传感芯片(CM5,BIACORE,Inc.)。在按5μl/分钟的流速注入前,用10mM柠檬酸钠pH 4.8将抗原稀释至5μg/ml(~0.2μM),以达到约10个响应单位(RU)的偶联蛋白质。注入抗原后,注入1M乙醇胺来封闭未反应的基团。对于动力学测量,按约25μl/分钟的流速在25℃下将两倍系列稀释的Fab(0.78nM至500nM)注入含0.05%聚山梨酸酯20(TWEEN-20TM)表面活性剂的PBS(PBST)。通过同时拟合缔合传感图和解离传感图,用简单的一对一Langmuir结合模型(Evaluation Software version 3.2)计算缔合速率(kon)和解离速率(koff)。将平衡解离常数(Kd)计算为比值koff/kon。见例如Chen,Y.等,J.Mol.Biol.293(1999)865-881。如果通过以上的表面等离子共振测定法缔合速率超过106M-1s-1,则可以通过使用荧光淬灭技术测定缔合速率,所述荧光淬灭技术在如分光光度计(诸如配有停留的分光光度计(AvivInstruments)或具有搅拌的比色杯的8000系列SLM-AMINCO TM分光光度计(ThermoSpectronic))测量的增加的浓度的抗原的存在下,测量25℃时PBS,pH 7.2中的20nM抗-抗原抗体(Fab形式)的荧光发射强度(激发=295nm;发射=340nm,16nm带通)的增加或降低。
2.抗体片段
在某些实施方案中,本文提供的抗体是抗体片段。抗体片段包括,但不限于,Fab、Fab’、Fab’-SH、F(ab’)2、Fv,和scFv片段,和下文描述的其他片段。某些抗体片段的综述参见Hudson,P.J.等人Nat.Med.9(2003):129-134。scFv片段的综述参见例如Plueckthun,A.,The Pharmacology of Monoclonal Antibodies,vol.113,Rosenburg和Moore编,Springer-Verlag,New York(1994),第269-315页;也参见WO 93/16185;和美国专利号5,571,894和5,587,458。关于包含补救受体结合表位残基和具有增加的体内半寿期的Fab和F(ab')2片段的讨论,参见美国专利号5,869,046。
双抗体是具有两个抗原结合位点的抗体片段,其可为二价的或双特异性的。参见,例如,EP 0 404,097;WO 1993/01161;Hudson,P.J.等人Nat.Med.9(2003):129-134;和Hollinger,P.等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA90(1993):6444-6448。三链抗体和四链抗体也在Hudson,P.J.等人,Nat.Med.9(2003):129-134中描述。
单结构域抗体是包含抗体的全部或部分重链可变结构域或全部或部分轻链可变结构域的抗体片段。在某些实施方案中,单结构域抗体是人单结构域抗体(Domantis,Inc.,Waltham,MA;参见,例如,美国专利号6,248,516 B1)。
可以通过多种技术制备抗体片段,包括但不限于完整抗体的蛋白水解消化以及通过重组宿主细胞(例如大肠杆菌或噬菌体)生产,如本文所述。
3.嵌合抗体和人源化抗体
在某些实施方案中,本文提供的抗体是嵌合抗体。例如,在美国专利号4,816,567;和Morrison,S.L.等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 81(1984)6851-6855)中描述了某些嵌合抗体。在一个实例中,嵌合抗体包含非人可变区(例如,源自小鼠、大鼠、仓鼠、兔、或非人灵长动物,诸如猴的可变区)和人恒定区。在另外的实例中,嵌合抗体是“类别交换的”抗体,其中类别或亚类已经从亲本抗体的类别或亚类改变。嵌合抗体包括其抗原结合片段。
在某些实施方案中,嵌合抗体是人源化的抗体。通常,非人抗体经人源化以降低对人的免疫原性,同时保持亲本非人抗体的特异性和亲和力。一般地,人源化的抗体包含一个或多个可变结构域,其中HVR,例如,CDR(或其部分)源自非人抗体,并且FR(或其部分)源自人抗体序列。人源化的抗体任选地也包含至少一部分人恒定区。在一些实施方案中,人源化的抗体中的一些FR残基被来自非人抗体(例如,HVR残基源自的抗体)的对应的残基替换,例如,以恢复或提高抗体特异性或亲和力。
人源化的抗体和制备其的方法在例如,Almagro,J.C.和Fransson,J.,Front.Biosci.13(2008)1619-1633中综述,并在例如,Riechmann,I.等人,Nature 332(1988)323-329;Queen,C.等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 86(1989)10029-10033;US专利号5,821,337,7,527,791,6,982,321,和7,087,409;Kashmiri,S.V.等人,Methods 36(2005)25-34(描述SDR(a-CDR)移植);Padlan,E.A.,Mol.Immunol.28(1991)489-498(描述了“表面重修”);Dall’Acqua,W.F.等人,Methods 36(2005)43-60(描述了“FR改组”);和Osbourn,J.等人,Methods 36(2005)61-68和Klimka,A.等人,Br.J.Cancer 83(2000)252-260(描述了FR改组的“导向选择”方法)中进一步描述。
可用于人源化的人框架区包括但不限于:使用“最适”方法选择的框架区(参见,例如,Sims,M.J.等人,J.Immunol.151(1993)2296-2308;源自特别亚组的轻链或重链可变区的人抗体的共有序列的框架区(参见,例如,Carter,P.等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 89(1992)4285-4289;和Presta,L.G.等人,J.Immunol.151(1993)2623-2632;人成熟(体细胞突变的)框架区或人种系框架区(参见,例如,Almagro,J.C.和Fransson,J.,Front.Biosci.13(2008)1619-1633);和源自筛选FR文库的框架区(参见,例如,Baca,M.等人,J.Biol.Chem.272(1997):10678-10684和Rosok,M.J.等人,J.Biol.Chem.271(1996)22611-22618)。
4.多特异性抗体
在某些实施方案中,本文提供的抗体是多特异性抗体,例如双特异性抗体。多特异性抗体是具有对于至少两个不同位点的结合特异性的单克隆抗体。在某些实施方案中,结合特异性之一是对于茶碱而另一种是对于任何其他抗原。在某些实施方案中,双特异性抗体可结合茶碱的两种不同表位。双特异性抗体也可用于将细胞毒性剂定位至表达茶碱的细胞。双特异性抗体可以作为全长抗体或抗体片段制备。
用于制备多特异性抗体的技术包括,但不限于,重组共表达具有不同特异性的两条免疫球蛋白重链-轻链对(参见,Milstein,C.和Cuello,A.C.,Nature 305(1983)537-540,WO 93/08829,和Traunecker,A.等人,EMBO J.10(1991)3655-3659),和“结入孔(knob-in-hole)”改造(参见,例如,美国专利号5,731,168)。也可以通过改造静电转向效应以制备抗体Fc异二聚体分子(WO 2009/089004);交联两个或多个抗体或片段(参见,例如,美国专利号4,676,980,和Brennan,M.等人,Science 229(1985)81-83;使用亮氨酸拉链生产双特异性抗体(参见,例如,Kostelny,S.A.等人,J.Immunol.148(1992)1547-1553;使用用于制备双特异性抗体片段的“双抗体”技术(参见,例如,Holliger,P.等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 90(1993)6444-6448);和使用单链Fv(sFv)二聚体(参见,例如Gruber,M et al.,J.Immunol.152(1994)5368-5374);和例如,如Tutt,A.等人,J.Immunol.147(1991)60-69中所述制备三特异性抗体,来制备多特异性抗体。
本文也包括具有三种或更多种功能性抗原结合位点的经改造的抗体,包括“章鱼抗体”(参见,例如US 2006/0025576)。
本文的抗体或片段也包括“双作用Fab”或“DAF”,其包含结合茶碱以及另一个,不同抗原的抗原结合位点(参见,US 2008/0069820,例如)。
本文的抗体或片段还可以包括WO 2009/080251、WO 2009/080252、WO 2009/080253、WO 2009/080254、WO 2010/112193、WO 2010/115589、WO 2010/136172、WO 2010/145792和WO 2010/145793中所述的多特异性抗体。
5.抗体变体
在某些实施方案中,设想本文提供的抗体的氨基酸序列变体。例如,提高抗体的结合亲和力和/或其他生物学性质可以是理想的。可以通过将适当的修饰引入编码抗体的核苷酸序列,或者通过肽合成制备抗体的氨基酸序列变体。此类修饰包括,例如,在抗体的氨基酸序列内缺失,和/或插入和/或替换残基。可以使得缺失、插入,和替换的任意组合达到最终的构建体中,前提是最终构建体拥有期望的特征,例如,抗原结合。
a)替换、插入,和缺失变体
在某些实施方案中,提供了具有一个或多个氨基酸替换的抗体变体。替换诱变的目标位点包括HVR和FR。在表1中标题“优选替换”下显示保守替换。在表1中标题“示例性替换”下提供更实质的改变,并如参考氨基酸侧链类别在下文进一步描述的。可以将氨基酸替换引入到目标抗体中并筛选产物的期望的活性,例如,保留的/提高的抗体结合,降低的免疫原性,或提高的ADCC或CDC。
表1
可以根据共同的侧链性质将氨基酸分组:
(1)疏水的:正亮氨酸、Met、Ala、Val、Leu、Ile;
(2)中性亲水的:Cys、Ser、Thr、Asn、Gln;
(3)酸性的:Asp、Glu;
(4)碱性的:His、Lys、Arg;
(5)影响链取向的残基:Gly、Pro;
(6)芳香族:Trp、Tyr、Phe。
非保守替换将使得这些类别中之一的成员与另一类别交换。
一类替换变体涉及替换亲本抗体(例如人源化的或人抗体)的一个或多个超变区残基。一般而言,选择用于进一步研究的(一种或多种)获得的变体将在某些生物学性质(例如增加的亲和力、降低的免疫原性)中相对于亲本抗体具有修饰(例如提高)和/或具有基本保留的亲本抗体的某些生物学性质。示例性的替换变体是亲和力成熟的抗体,其可以方便地生成,例如,使用诸如那些本文描述的基于噬菌体展示的亲和力成熟技术。简而言之,突变一个或多个HVR残基并且在噬菌体上展示变体抗体并就特别的生物学活性(例如结合亲和力)进行筛选。
可以在HVR中制造变异(例如,替换),例如,以提高抗体亲和力。此类变异可以在HVR“热点”,即由在体细胞成熟过程中以高频率经历突变的密码子所编码的残基(参见,例如,Chowdhury,P.S.,Methods Mol.Biol.207(2008)179-196),和/或SDR(a-CDR)中制造,测试获得的变体VH或VL的结合亲和力。通过构建并从第二文库重新选择的亲和力成熟已经在,例如Hoogenboom,H.R.等人.于Methods in Molecular Biology 178(2002)1-37中描述。在亲和力成熟的一些实施方案中,通过多种方法中的任何一种(例如,易错PCR、链改组、或寡核苷酸定向诱变)将多样性引入到选择用于成熟的可变基因中。然后制造第二文库。然后筛选文库以鉴定具有期望的亲和力的任何抗体变体。引入多样性的另一种方法涉及HVR定向方法,其中随机化若干HVR残基(例如,一次4-6个残基)。可以特异性地鉴定抗原结合中涉及的HVR残基,例如使用丙氨酸扫描诱变或建模。特别地通常靶向CDR-H3和CDR-L3。
在某些实施方案中,替换、插入、或缺失可以在一个或多个HVR内发生,只要此类变异不实质性地降低抗体结合抗原的能力。例如,可以在HVR中制备不实质性地降低结合亲和力的保守的变异(例如,如本文提供的保守替换)。此类替换可以在HVR“热点”或SDR之外。在以上提供的变体VH和VL序列的某些实施方案中,每个HVR或未改变,或含有不多于一个、两个或三个氨基酸替换。
鉴定可被靶向用于诱变的抗体的残基或区域的可用的方法称为“丙氨酸扫描诱变”,如Cunningham,B.C.和Wells,J.A.,Science 244(1989)1081-1085所述。在此方法中,鉴定残基或靶残基的组(例如,带电的残基诸如arg、asp、his、lys,和glu)并使用中性或带负电的氨基酸(例如丙氨酸或多聚丙氨酸)将其取代以测定是否影响抗体与抗原的相互作用。可以在表现出对于初始替换功能性敏感的氨基酸位置处引入其他替换。备选地,或额外地,抗原抗体复合物的晶体结构鉴定抗体和抗原之间的接触点。可以作为替换候选对象靶向或消除此类接触残基和相邻残基。可以筛选变体以测定其是否含有期望的性质。
氨基酸序列插入片段包括长度范围从一个残基至含有100个或更多残基的多肽的氨基或羧基末端融合物,以及单个或多个氨基酸残基的序列内插入片段。末端插入片段的实例包括具有N末端甲硫氨酰基残基的抗体。抗体分子的其他插入变体包括抗体的N或C末端与酶(例如ADEPT)或增加抗体的血清半寿期的多肽的融合。
一个优选的变体是单半胱氨酸变体,其中重链可变结构域中根据Kabat的53位氨基酸残基是半胱氨酸。
b)糖基化变体
在某些实施方案中,本文提供的抗体被改变以增加或降低抗体被糖基化的程度。对抗体添加或删除糖基化位点可以通过改变氨基酸序列从而使得创造或移除一个或多个糖基化位点而方便地实现。
当抗体包含Fc区时,可以改变附着于其的糖。由哺乳动物细胞生产的天然抗体通常包含分支的、二天线的寡糖,所述寡糖一般通过N连接附着于Fc区的CH2结构域的Asn297。参见,例如,Wright,A.和Morrison,S.L.,TIBTECH 15(1997)26-32。寡糖可包括多种糖,例如甘露糖、N-乙酰基葡糖胺(GlcNAc)、半乳糖,和唾液酸,以及附着于二天线寡糖结构的“干”中的GlcNAc的岩藻糖。在一些实施方案中,可以制造本发明的抗体中寡糖的修饰以创造具有某些提高的性质的抗体变体。
在一个实施方案中,提供的抗体变体具有缺少(直接或间接)附着于Fc区的岩藻糖的糖结构。例如,此类抗体中岩藻糖的量可以为从1%至80%,从1%至65%,从5%至65%或从20%至40%。通过计算糖链内Asn297处的平均岩藻糖的量相对于如通过MALDI-TOF质谱法测量的附着于Asn297的全部糖基结构的总和(例如,复合,杂合和高甘露糖结构)测定岩藻糖的量,如WO 2008/077546中所述,例如。Asn297指位于Fc区中约297位(Fc区残基的Eu编号)的天冬酰胺残基;然而,Asn297也可位于297位的约±3个氨基酸上游或下游,即位置294和300之间,由于抗体中微小的序列变异。此类岩藻糖化变体可具有提高的ADCC功能。参见,例如,US 2003/0157108;US 2004/0093621。涉及“去岩藻糖化的”或“岩藻糖缺陷的”抗体变体的公开的实例包括:US 2003/0157108;WO 2000/61739;WO 2001/29246;US 2003/0115614;US 2002/0164328;US 2004/0093621;US 2004/0132140;US 2004/0110704;US2004/0110282;US 2004/0109865;WO 2003/085119;WO 2003/084570;WO 2005/035586;WO2005/035778;WO 2005/053742;WO 2002/031140;Okazaki,A.等人,J.Mol.Biol.336(2004)1239-1249;Yamane-Ohnuki,N.等人,Biotech.Bioeng.87(2004)614-622。能够生产去岩藻糖化的抗体的细胞系的实例包括蛋白质岩藻糖化缺陷的Lec13CHO细胞(Ripka,J.等人,Arch.Biochem.Biophys.249(1986)533-545;US 2003/0157108;和WO 2004/056312,特别在实施例11中),和敲除细胞系,诸如α-1,6-岩藻糖转移酶基因,FUT8,敲除CHO细胞(参见,例如,Yamane-Ohnuki,N.等人,Biotech.Bioeng.87(2004)614-622;Kanda,Y.等人,Biotechnol.Bioeng.94(2006)680-688;和WO2003/085107)。
提供的抗体变体还具有二分的寡糖,例如,其中附着于抗体Fc区的二天线寡糖被GlcNAc二分。此类抗体变体可具有降低的岩藻糖化和/或提高的ADCC功能。此类抗体变体的实例描述于例如WO 2003/011878;美国专利号6,602,684;和US 2005/0123546中。也提供了在附着于Fc区的寡糖中具有至少一个半乳糖残基的抗体变体。此类抗体变体可具有提高的CDC功能。此类抗体变体描述于例如WO 1997/30087;WO 1998/58964;和WO 1999/22764中。
c)Fc区变体
在某些实施方案中,可以将一个或多个氨基酸修饰引入到本文提供的抗体的Fc区中,从而生成Fc区变体。Fc区变体可以包含人Fc区序列(例如,人IgG1、IgG2、IgG3或IgG4Fc区),所述序列在一个或多个氨基酸位置处包含氨基酸修饰(例如替换)。
在某些实施方案中,本发明设想具有一些但并非全部效应子功能的抗体变体,这使得其是这样的应用的理想的候选者,所述应用中抗体的体内半寿期是重要的然而某些效应子功能(诸如补体和ADCC)是不必要的或有害的。可以进行体外和/或体内细胞毒性测定法以确认CDC和/或ADCC活性的降低/耗尽。例如,可以进行Fc受体(FcR)结合测定法以确保抗体缺少FcγR结合(因此可能缺少ADCC活性)但保留FcRn结合能力。介导ADCC的主要细胞,NK细胞,仅表达FcγRIII,然而单核细胞表达FcγRI、FcγRII和FcγRIII。造血细胞上的FcR表达在Ravetch,J.V.和Kinet,J.P.,Annu.Rev.Immunol.9(1991)457-492的464页上的表3中总结。用于评估目标分子的ADCC活性的体外测定法的非限制性实例描述于美国专利号5,500,362(参见,例如Hellstrom,I.等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 83(1986)7059-7063;和Hellstrom,I.等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 82(1985)1499-1502);美国专利号5,821,337(参见Bruggemann,M.等人,J.Exp.Med.166(1987)1351-1361)中。备选地,可以采用非放射性测定法(参见,例如,流式细胞术的ACTITM非放射性细胞毒性测定法(CellTechnology,Inc.Mountain View,CA;和CytoTox非放射性细胞毒性测定法(Promega,Madison,WI)。用于此类测定法的有用的效应子细胞包括外周血单核细胞(PBMC)和天然杀伤(NK)细胞。备选地,或额外地,目标分子的ADCC活性可以在体内评估,例如在动物模型中,诸如Clynes,R.等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 95(1998)652-656中公开的。也可以进行C1q结合测定法以确认抗体不能结合C1q并因此缺少CDC活性。参见,例如,WO2006/029879和WO 2005/100402中的C1q和C3c结合ELISA。为了评估补体激活,可以进行CDC测定法(参见,例如,Gazzano-Santoro,H.等人,J.Immunol.Methods 202(1996)163-171;Cragg,M.S.等人,Blood 101(2003)1045-1052;和Cragg,M.S.和M.J.Glennie,Blood 103(2004)2738-2743)。FcRn结合和体内清除/半寿期测定也可以使用本领域已知的方法进行(参见,例如,Petkova,S.B.等人,Int.Immunol.18(2006)1759-1769)。
具有降低的效应子功能的抗体包括在Fc区残基238、265、269、270、297、327和329中的一个或多个具有替换的那些抗体(美国专利号6,737,056)。此类Fc突变体包括在氨基酸位置265、269、270、297和327中的两个或多个处具有替换的Fc突变体,包括具有残基265和297替换为丙氨酸的所谓的“DANA”Fc突变体(美国专利号7,332,581)。
描述了具有提高的或减弱的与FcR结合的某些抗体变体。(参见,例如,美国专利号6,737,056;WO 2004/056312,和Shields,R.L.等人,J.Biol.Chem.276(2001)6591-6604)。
在某些实施方案中,抗体变体包含具有提高ADCC的一个或多个氨基酸替换的Fc区,例如Fc区的位置298、333,和/或334处(残基的EU编号)的替换。
在一些实施方案中,在Fc区制造改变,其导致改变的(即提高的或减弱的)C1q结合和/或补体依赖性细胞毒性(CDC),例如,如美国专利号6,194,551,WO 99/51642,和Idusogie,E.E.等人,J.Immunol.164(2000)4178-4184中所述。
具有增加的半寿期和提高的与新生儿Fc受体(FcRn)的结合的抗体在US2005/0014934中描述,所述新生儿Fc受体负责母体IgG转移至胎儿(Guyer,R.L.等人,J.Immunol.117(1976)587-593,和Kim,J.K.等人,J.Immunol.24(1994)2429-2434))。那些抗体包含其中具有提高Fc区与FcRn的结合的一个或多个替换的Fc区。此类Fc变体包括在Fc区残基:238、256、265、272、286、303、305、307、311、312、317、340、356、360、362、376、378、380、382、413、424或434中的一个或多个处具有替换的那些,例如Fc区残基434的替换(美国专利号7,371,826)。
关于Fc区变体的其他实例也参见Duncan,A.R.和Winter,G.,Nature 322(1988)738-740;US 5,648,260;US 5,624,821和WO 94/29351。
d)半胱氨酸改造的抗体变体
在某些实施方案中,创造半胱氨酸改造的抗体是理想的,例如,“thioMAb”,其中抗体的一个或多个残基被半胱氨酸残基替换。在特别的实施方案中,被替换的残基存在于抗体的易接近的位点处。通过用半胱氨酸替换那些残基,从而将反应性硫醇基团放置于抗体的可接近位点处并可用于缀合抗体与其他部分,诸如药物部分或接头药物部分,以创造免疫缀合物,如本文另外所述。在某些实施方案中,以下残基中的任何一个或多个可被半胱氨酸替换:轻链的V205(Kabat编号);重链的A118(EU编号);和重链Fc区的S400(EU编号)。可以如,例如美国专利号7,521,541中所述地生成半胱氨酸改造的抗体。
e)抗体衍生物
在某些实施方案中,还可进一步修饰本文提供的抗体以含有本领域已知的并且容易获得的非蛋白质部分。适合于抗体的衍生化的部分包括但不限于水溶性聚合物。水溶性聚合物的非限制性实例包括,但不限于,聚乙二醇(PEG)、乙二醇/丙二醇的共聚物、羧甲基纤维素、葡聚糖、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚-1,3-二氧戊环、聚-1,3,6-三恶烷、乙烯/顺丁烯二酸酐共聚物、聚氨基酸(同聚物或随机共聚物),和葡聚糖或聚(n-乙烯基吡咯烷酮)聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇同聚物、聚环氧丙烷/环氧乙烷共聚物、聚氧乙烷化多元醇(例如丙三醇)、聚乙烯醇,及其混合物。聚乙二醇丙醛可在生产中具有优势由于其在水中的稳定性。多聚物可具有任意分子量,并且可为分支的或无分支的。附着于抗体的多聚物的数目可不同,并且如果附着多于一个多聚物,它们可以是相同或不同的分子。一般而言,用于衍生化的多聚物的数量和/或类型可以基于如下考虑确定,包括,但不限于,待改善的抗体的特别的性质或功能,抗体衍生物是否将在定义的条件下用于疗法中,等。
在另一个实施方案中,提供了抗体和可以通过暴露于辐射选择性地加热的非蛋白质部分的缀合物。在一个实施方案中,非蛋白质部分是碳纳米管(Kam,N.W.等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 102(2005)11600-11605)。辐射可以具有任何波长,并且包括,但不限于,这样的波长,所述波长不伤害普通细胞,但将非蛋白质部分加热至杀死抗体-非蛋白质部分临近的细胞的温度。
B.重组方法和组合物
可以使用重组方法和组合物生产抗体,例如,如美国专利号4,816,567中所述。在一个实施方案中,提供了编码本文描述的抗茶碱抗体的分离的核酸。此类核酸可编码包含VL的氨基酸序列和/或包含抗体的VH的氨基酸序列(例如,抗体的轻链和/或重链)。在另外的实施方案中,提供了包含此类核酸的一个或多个载体(例如,表达载体)。在另外的实施方案中,提供了包含此类核酸的宿主细胞。在一个此类实施方案中,宿主细胞包含(例如已经转化有):(1)包含核酸的载体,所述核酸编码包含抗体的VL的氨基酸序列和包含抗体的VH的氨基酸序列,或(2)包含编码包含抗体的VL的氨基酸序列的核酸的第一载体和包含编码包含抗体的VH的氨基酸序列的核酸的第二载体。在一个实施方案中,宿主细胞是真核生物,例如中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞或淋巴样细胞(例如,Y0、NS0、Sp20细胞)。在一个实施方案中,提供了制备抗茶碱抗体的方法,其中所述方法包括在适于表达抗体的条件下培养如上文提供的包含编码抗体的核酸的宿主细胞,和任选地从宿主细胞(或宿主细胞培养基)回收抗体。
为了重组生产抗茶碱抗体,例如,如上文描述的编码抗体的核酸被分离并插入到一个或多个载体中用于进一步克隆和/或在宿主细胞中表达。使用常规流程可容易地分离和测序此类核酸(例如,通过使用寡核苷酸探针,所述探针能够特异性地结合编码抗体的重链和轻链的基因)。
用于编码抗体的载体的克隆或表达的合适的宿主细胞包括本文描述的原核或真核细胞。例如,可以在细菌中生产抗体,特别是当不需要糖基化和Fc效应子功能时。对于在细菌中表达抗体片段和多肽,参见,例如,US 5,648,237,US 5,789,199,和US 5,840,523(也参见Charlton,K.A.,于:Methods in Molecular Biology,248卷,Lo,B.K.C.(编辑),Humana Press,Totowa,NJ(2003),第245-254页,描述了在大肠杆菌中表达抗体)。在表达后,抗体可以从可溶级分的细菌细胞糊中分离并可进一步纯化。
除了原核微生物,真核微生物诸如丝状真菌或酵母是编码抗体的载体的合适的克隆或表达宿主,包括其糖基化途径已经被“人源化”,导致生产具有部分或全部人糖基化模式的抗体的真菌和酵母菌株。参见Gerngross,T.U.,Nat.Biotech.22(2004)1409-1414;和Li,H.等人,Nat.Biotech.24(2006)210-215。
适于表达糖基化的抗体的宿主细胞也源自多细胞生物(无脊椎生物和脊椎生物)。无脊椎生物细胞的实例包括植物和昆虫细胞。已经鉴定了多种杆状病毒株,其可以与昆虫细胞共同使用,特别地用于转染草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)细胞。
植物细胞培养物也可以用作宿主。见例如美国专利号5,959,177、6,040,498、6,420,548、7,125,978和6,417,429(描述用于在转基因植物中产生抗体的PLANTIBODIESTM技术)。
脊椎动物细胞也可以用作宿主。例如,可以使用适应悬浮生长的哺乳动物细胞系。有用的哺乳动物宿主细胞系的其他实例是SV40转化的猴肾CV1细胞系(COS-7);人胚肾细胞系(描述于例如Graham,F.L.等,J.Gen Virol.36(1977)59-74中的293或293细胞);幼仓鼠肾细胞(BHK);小鼠支持细胞(描述于例如Mather,J.P.,Biol.Reprod.23(1980)243-252中的TM4细胞);猴肾细胞(CV1);非洲绿猴肾细胞(VERO-76);人宫颈癌细胞(HELA);犬肾细胞(MDCK);布法罗大鼠肝细胞(BRL 3A);人肺细胞(W138);人肝细胞(Hep G2);小鼠乳腺肿瘤(MMT 060562);描述于例如Mather,J.P.等,Annals N.Y.Acad.Sci.383(1982)44-68中的TRI细胞;MRC 5细胞;及FS4细胞。其他有用的哺乳动物细胞系包括中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞,包括DHFR-CHO细胞(Urlaub,G.等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 77(1980)4216-4220);及骨髓瘤细胞系,如Y0、NS0和Sp2/0。适合用于抗体产生的某些哺乳动物宿主细胞系的综述见例如Yazaki,P.和Wu,A.M.,Methods in Molecular Biology,248卷,Lo,B.K.C.(编辑),Humana Press,Totowa,NJ(2004),255-268页。
C.测定法
可以通过本领域已知的多种测定法鉴定、筛选或表征本文提供的抗茶碱抗体的物理/化学性质和/或生物学活性。
结合测定法和其他测定法
在一方面,例如通过已知的方法(如ELISA、Western印迹等)就其抗原结合活性测试本发明的抗体。
在另一方面,可以用竞争测定法来鉴定与如本文报道的抗体竞争结合茶碱的抗体。
在示例性竞争测定法中,在溶液中孵育固定化的茶碱,该溶液包含结合茶碱的第一标记抗体和测试其与该第一抗体竞争结合茶碱的能力的第二未标记抗体。该第二抗体可以存在于杂交瘤上清中。作为对照,在溶液中孵育固定化的茶碱,该溶液包含该第一标记抗体但不包含该第二未标记抗体。在允许该第一抗体与茶碱结合的条件下孵育后,去除过量的未结合抗体,并测量与固定化的茶碱缔合的标记的量。如果测试样品中与固定化的茶碱缔合的标记的量相对于对照样品实质性减少,则表明该第二抗体与该第一抗体竞争结合茶碱。见Harlow,E.和Lane,D.,Antibodies:A Laboratory Manual,第14章,Cold SpringHarbor Laboratory,Cold Spring Harbor,NY(1988)。
D.免疫缀合物
本发明还提供免疫缀合物,其包含与一种或多种细胞毒剂(如化疗剂或药物、生长抑制剂、毒素(例如细菌、真菌、植物或动物来源的蛋白质毒素、酶促活性毒素或其片段)或放射性同位素缀合的本文的抗茶碱抗体。
在一个实施方案中,免疫缀合物是抗体-药物缀合物(ADC),其中抗体与一种或多种药物缀合,包括但不限于美登木素生物碱(见US 5,208,020、US 5,416,064和EP 0 425235 B1);auristatin,如monomethyl auristatin药物部分DE和DF(MMAE和MMAF)(见US 5,635,483、US 5,780,588和US 7,498,298);多拉司他汀;卡里奇霉素或其衍生物(见US 5,712,374、US 5,714,586、US 5,739,116、US 5,767,285、US 5,770,701、US 5,770,710、US5,773,001和US 5,877,296;Hinman,L.M.等,Cancer Res.53(1993)3336-3342;和Lode,H.N.等,Cancer Res.58(1998)2925-2928);蒽环类抗生素,如柔红霉素或阿霉素(见Kratz,F.等,Curr.Med.Chem.13(2006)477-523;Jeffrey,S.C.等,Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.16(2006)358-362;Torgov,M.Y.等,Bioconjug.Chem.16(2005)717-721;Nagy,A.等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 97(2000)829-834;Dubowchik,G.M.等,Bioorg.&Med.Chem.Letters 12(2002)1529-1532;King,H.D.等,J.Med.Chem.45(20029 4336-4343;和美国专利号6,630,579);氨甲喋呤;长春地辛;紫杉烷,如多西他赛、紫杉醇、larotaxel、tesetaxel和ortataxel;单端孢霉烯;及CC1065。
在另一实施方案中,免疫缀合物包含与酶促活性毒素或其片段缀合的本文所述的抗体,该酶活性毒素或其片段包括但不限于白喉A链、白喉毒素的非结合活性片段、外毒素A链(来自铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa))、蓖麻毒蛋白A链、相思豆毒蛋白A链、塑莲根毒蛋白A链、α-帚曲霉素、油桐(Aleurites fordii)蛋白质、香石竹毒蛋白蛋白质、美洲商陆(Phytolaca americana)蛋白质(PAPI、PAPII和PAP-S)、苦瓜(Momordica charantia)抑制剂、麻风树毒蛋白、巴豆毒蛋白、肥皂草(sapaonaria officinalis)抑制剂、多花白树毒蛋白、米托菌素(mitogellin)、局限曲霉素、酚霉素、伊诺霉素和单端孢霉烯。
在另一实施方案中,免疫缀合物包含与放射性原子缀合形成放射性缀合物的本文所述的抗体。可用多种放射性同位素来产生放射性缀合物。实例包括At211、I131、I125、Y90、Re186、Re188、Sm153、Bi212、P32、Pb212及Lu的放射性同位素。在放射性缀合物用于检测时,它可以包含用于闪烁照相研究的放射性原子,例如TC99m或I123,或者用于核磁共振(NMR)成像(也称为磁共振成像,MRI)的自旋标记物,如同样地碘-123、碘-131、铟-111、氟-19、碳-13、氮-15、氧-17、钆、锰或铁。
可以用多种双功能蛋白质偶联剂来产生抗体和细胞毒剂的缀合物,所述双功能蛋白质偶联剂如3-(2-吡啶二巯基)丙酸N-琥珀酰亚胺酯(SPDP)、4-(N-马来酰亚胺基甲基)环己烷-1-羧酸-琥珀酰亚胺酯(SMCC)、亚胺基硫烷(IT)、亚胺酯的双功能衍生物(如己二酰亚氨酸二甲酯HCl)、活性酯(如辛二酸二琥珀酰亚胺酯)、醛(如戊二醛)、二-叠氮基化合物(如二(对-叠氮基苯甲酰基)己二胺)、二-重氮基衍生物(如二-(对-重氮基苯甲酰基)-乙二胺)、二异氰酸酯(如2,6-二异氰酸甲苯酯)和双活性氟化合物(如1,5-二氟-2,4-二硝基苯)。例如,可以按照Vitetta,E.S.等,Science 238(1987)1098-1104中所述制备蓖麻毒蛋白免疫毒素。碳14标记的3-甲基二乙烯三胺五乙酸1-异硫氰基苄酯(MX-DTPA)是用于将放射性核苷酸与抗体缀合的示例性螯合剂。见WO94/11026。接头可以是便于在细胞中释放细胞毒性药物的“可切割接头”。例如,可以使用酸敏感接头、肽酶敏感接头、光敏感接头、二甲基接头或包含二硫化物的接头(Chari,R.V.等,Cancer Res.52(1992)127-131;美国专利号5,208,020))。
本文的免疫缀合物或ADC明确考虑,但不限于用交联剂制备的这类缀合物,所述交联剂包括但不限于BMPS、EMCS、GMBS、HBVS、LC-SMCC、MBS、MPBH、SBAP、SIA、SIAB、SMCC、SMPB、SMPH、磺基-EMCS、磺基-GMBS、磺基-KMUS、磺基-MBS、磺基-SIAB、磺基-SMCC、磺基-SMPB和SVSB(琥珀酰亚胺基-(4-乙烯砜)苯甲酸盐)的市售交联剂(例如来自PierceBiotechnology,Inc.,Rockford,IL.,U.S.A)。
E.用于诊断和检测的方法和组合物
本文所用的术语“检测”涵盖定量或定性检测。
在一个实施方案中,提供用于诊断或检测的方法的抗茶碱抗体。这种方法可以是体外或体内方法。
在某些实施方案中,提供经标记的抗茶碱抗体。标记包括但不限于直接检测的标记或部分(如荧光标记、生色标记、电子密度标记、化学发光标记和放射性标记),以及例如通过酶促反应或分子相互作用间接检测的部分(如酶或配体)。示例性标记包括但不限于放射性同位素32P、14C、125I、3H和131I,荧光团如稀土螯合物或荧光素及其衍生物、罗丹明及其衍生物、丹磺酰、伞形酮、萤光素酶(例如萤火虫萤光素酶和细菌萤光素酶(美国专利号4,737,456))、萤光素、2,3-二氢酞嗪二酮,辣根过氧化物酶(HRP),碱性磷酸酶,β-半乳糖苷酶,葡糖淀粉酶,溶菌酶,糖氧化酶(例如葡糖氧化酶、半乳糖氧化酶和葡糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶),杂环氧化酶(如尿酸氧化酶和黄嘌呤氧化酶),与利用过氧化氢来氧化染料前体的酶(如HRP、乳过氧化物酶或微过氧化物酶)偶联,茶碱/抗生物素蛋白,自旋标记,噬菌体标记,稳定自由基等。
F.药物制剂
通过将具有希望的纯度的这种抗体与一种或多种可选的可药用载体(Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences第16版,Osol,A.(编辑)(1980))混合,以冻干制剂或水溶液的形式制备本文所述的抗茶碱抗体的药物制剂。可药用载体一般在所利用的剂量和浓度下对受体无毒性,且包括但不限于:缓冲剂,如磷酸、柠檬酸和其他有机酸;抗氧化剂,包括抗坏血酸和甲硫氨酸;防腐剂(如十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵;氯己双铵;氯苄烷铵;苄索氯铵;苯酚;丁醇或苄醇;对羟基苯甲酸烷基酯,如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或丙酯;邻苯二酚;间苯二酚;环己醇;3-戊醇;和间甲酚);低分子量(少于约10个残基)多肽;蛋白质,如血清白蛋白、明胶或免疫球蛋白;亲水聚合物,如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;氨基酸,如甘氨酸、谷氨酰胺、天冬酰胺、组氨酸、精氨酸或赖氨酸;单糖、二糖和其他糖类,包括葡萄糖、甘露糖或糊精;螯合剂,如EDTA;糖,如蔗糖、甘露醇、海藻糖或山梨醇;成盐抗衡离子,如钠;金属络合物(例如Zn-蛋白质络合物);和/或非离子型表面活性剂,如聚乙二醇(PEG)。本文的示例性可药用载体还包括间质药物分散剂,如可溶性中性活性透明质酸酶糖蛋白(sHASEGP),例如人可溶性PH-20透明质酸酶糖蛋白,如rHuPH20(Baxter International,Inc.)。包括rhuPH20的某些示例性sHASEGP和使用方法描述于美国专利公开号2005/0260186和2006/0104968中。在一方面,将sHASEGP与诸如软骨素酶的一种或多种额外的糖胺聚糖酶组合。
示例性冻干的抗体制剂描述于美国专利号6,267,958中。水性抗体制剂包括描述于美国专利号6,171,586和WO 2006/044908中的那些,后一种制剂包括组氨酸-乙酸缓冲液。
本文的制剂还可以根据所治疗的具体适应症的需要包含一种以上活性成分,优选相互无不利影响的具有互补活性的那些。例如,理想的是还提供[[可与抗茶碱抗体组合的列表药物]]。这类活性成分以对预期目的有效的量适宜地组合存在。
活性成分可以包裹在例如通过凝聚技术或通过界面聚合制备的微囊(例如,分别为羟甲基纤维素或明胶微囊和聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)微囊)中、胶体药物递送系统(例如脂质体、白蛋白微球、微乳剂、纳米颗粒和纳米囊(nanocapsule))中或粗状乳液中。这类技术公开于Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences第16版,Osol,A.(编辑)(1980)中。
可以制备缓释制剂。缓释制剂的适宜的实例包括含有抗体的固体疏水聚合物的半透性基质,该基质是成形物品的形式,例如膜或微囊。
待用于体内施用的制剂通常是无菌的。无菌可以容易地例如通过滤过无菌滤膜来达到。
G.治疗方法和组合物
本文提供的任意抗茶碱抗体可以用于治疗方法。
在一方面,提供用作药物的抗茶碱抗体。在某些实施方案中,提供用于治疗方法的抗茶碱抗体。
在另一方面,本发明提供抗茶碱抗体在制造或制备药物中的用途。
在另一方面,本发明提供包含本文提供的任意抗茶碱抗体的药物制剂。在一个实施方案中,药物制剂包含本文提供的任意抗茶碱抗体和可药用载体。
本发明的抗体可以在治疗中单独或与其他活性剂组合使用。例如,本发明的抗体可以与至少一种额外的治疗剂共同施用。
上文指出的这类组合治疗涵盖组合施用(两种或多种治疗剂包含在相同或分开的制剂中)和分开施用,在这种情况下,本发明的抗体的施用可以在施用额外的治疗剂和/或佐剂之前、同时和/或之后发生。本发明的抗体还可以与放射治疗组合使用。
可以通过任意适宜的手段来施用本发明的抗体(和任意额外的治疗剂),包括胃肠外、肺内和鼻内,和如果希望进行局部处理,则可以病灶内施用。胃肠外输注包括肌内、静脉内、动脉内、腹膜内或皮下施用。可以通过任意适宜的途径来给药,例如通过注射,如静脉内或皮下注射,部分地取决于施用是短暂的还是长期的。本文考虑多种给药方案,包括但不限于在多个时间点单次或多次施用、团注施用和脉冲输注。
将以符合良好医疗实践的方式配制、给药和施用本发明的抗体。此背景中考虑的因素包括待治疗的具体病症、待治疗的具体哺乳动物、个体患者的临床病症、疾病的病因、递送活性剂的部位、施用方法、施用日程及医疗从业者已知的其他因素。无需但可选地与目前用来预防或治疗所讨论的病症的一种或多种活性剂配制抗体。这类其他活性剂的有效量取决于存在于制剂中的抗体的量、病症或治疗的类型及上文讨论的其他因素。这些通常以相同的剂量,并用本文所述的给药途径施用,或者本文所述剂量的约1%至99%,或以经验/临床上确定为适当的任意剂量并通过任意途径施用。
对于疾病的预防或治疗,本发明的抗体(在单独使用或与一种或多种其他额外治疗剂组合使用时)的适当剂量将取决于待治疗的疾病的类型、抗体的类型、疾病的严重度和过程、为了预防性还是治疗性目的而施用抗体、之前的治疗、患者的临床病史和对抗体的反应及主治医师的判断。在一次或一系列的治疗中适宜地对患者施用抗体。取决于疾病的类型和严重度,约1μg/kg至15mg/kg(例如0.1mg/kg-10mg/kg)的抗体可以是对患者施用的初始候选剂量,例如通过一次或多次分开的施用或通过连续输注。取决于上述因素,一个典型的日剂量可以从约1μg/kg至100mg/kg或更多。对于在几天或更长时间内反复施用,取决于病症,治疗通常将持续直至出现希望的疾病症状抑制。抗体的一个示例性剂量将在从约0.05mg/kg至约10mg/kg的范围内。因此,可以对患者施用约0.5mg/kg、2.0mg/kg、4.0mg/kg或10mg/kg(或其任意组合)的一个或多个剂量。这类剂量可以间歇施用,例如每周或每三周(例如使得患者接受约2至约20,或例如约6个剂量的抗体)。可以施用初始较高的负荷剂量,然后施用一个或多个较低的剂量。通过常规技术和测定容易地监测此治疗的进展。
应理解,可以用本发明的免疫缀合物取代或加至抗茶碱抗体来进行任何以上制剂或治疗方法。
III.制成品
在本发明的另一方面,提供包含用于治疗、预防和/或诊断上述病症的材料的制成品。制成品包含容器及容器上或伴随容器的标签或包装说明书。适宜的容器包括例如瓶、小管、注射器、IV溶液袋等。容器可以形成自多种材料,如玻璃或塑料。容器容纳本身或与另一组合物组合时对治疗、预防和/或诊断病症有效的组合物,且可以具有无菌接口(例如容器可以是具有可通过皮下注射针头穿孔的塞子的静脉内溶液袋或小管)。组合物中的至少一种活性剂是本发明的抗体。标签或包装说明书指示该组合物用于治疗所选择的病症。此外,制成品可以包含(a)组合物包含在其中的第一容器,其中该组合物包含本发明的抗体;和(b)组合物包含在其中的第二容器,其中该组合物包含其他细胞毒性剂或治疗剂。本发明的此实施方案中的制成品可以还包含指示该组合物可以用来治疗特定病症的包装说明书。备选地或此外,制成品可以还包含第二(或第三)容器,该容器包含可药用缓冲液,如抑菌性注射用水(BWFI)、磷酸缓冲盐溶液、林格溶液和葡萄糖溶液。其还可以包含商业和用户角度希望的其他材料,包括其他缓冲液、稀释液、滤器、针头和注射器。
应理解,以上制成品中的任一种可以包含本发明的免疫缀合物取代或加至抗茶碱抗体。
IV.实施例
以下是本发明的方法和组合物的实例。应理解,鉴于上文提供的一般描述,可以实施多种其他实施方案。
实施例1
编码具有来自小鼠杂交瘤的κ轻链的IgG1种类鼠抗茶碱抗体的VH和VL结构域的cDNA的分离和表征
直接从杂交瘤克隆获得鼠半抗原-茶碱抗体的VH和VL结构域的蛋白质和(DNA)序列信息。随后进行的实验步骤是:(i)从产抗体的杂交瘤细胞分离RNA;(ii)将此RNA转化为cDNA,转入包含VH和VL的PCR片段;和(iii)将这些PCR片段整合入用于在大肠杆菌中繁殖的质粒载体,并测定其DNA(和推断的蛋白质)序列。
从杂交瘤细胞制备RNA
用RNeasy-Kit(Qiagen)从5x106个表达抗体的杂交瘤细胞制备RNA。简言之,在PBS中洗涤该沉降的细胞一次并沉降,然后重悬在500μl RLT-Puffer(+β-ME)中进行裂解。如厂家手册中所述通过穿过Qiashredder(Qiagen)来彻底裂解细胞,然后进行基质介导的纯化方法(ETOH,RNeasy柱)。最后的洗涤步骤后,将RNA从柱回收在50μl无RNA酶的水中。通过定量1:20稀释的样品的A260和A280来测定回收的RNA的浓度。通过甲酰胺-琼脂糖凝胶(见Maniatis手册)上的变性RNA凝胶电泳来分析所分离的RNA样品的完整性(质量、降解程度)。获得了代表完整的18s和28s核糖体RNA的离散条带,这些条带的完整性(强度比约为2:1)表明RNA制备物良好的质量。将从杂交瘤分离的RNA以等分试样冻存在-80℃。
通过RACE PCR产生编码VH和VH的DNA片段,将这些DNA片段克隆入质粒并测定其DNA和氨基酸序列
通过应用国际专利申请PCT/EP2011/074273中所述的技术来从RNA制备物制备用于随后的(RACE-)PCR反应的cDNA。随后,通过琼脂糖凝胶提取来分离编码VH和VL的PCR片段,随后通过标准分子生物学技术纯化。完全按照厂家的说明通过应用pCR bluntII topoKit(Invitrogen)来将PWO产生的纯化PCR片段插入载体pCR bluntII topo中。将Topo连接反应物转化入大肠杆菌Topo10-one-shot感受态细胞。然后,作为LB-卡那霉素琼脂平板上的克隆鉴定包含含有VL或VH的插入片段的载体的大肠杆菌克隆。从这些克隆制备质粒,并通过EcoRI限制酶消化来确认希望的插入片段在载体中的存在。由于载体骨架包含位于插入片段的每一侧的EcoRI限制酶识别位点,通过具有约800bp(对于VL)或600bp(对于VH)的EcoRi可释放的插入片段来确定含有插入片段的质粒。通过对VH和VL的多个克隆进行自动化DNA测序来确定VL和VH的DNA序列和推断的蛋白质序列。
抗茶碱抗体的鼠VL序列显示在SEQ ID NO:08中。抗茶碱抗体的鼠VH序列显示在SEQ ID NO:04中。
实施例2
鼠抗茶碱抗体的VH和VL结构域的人源化
按以下人源化鼠茶碱结合抗体:基于人种系构架IGHV4-31-02和IGKV2-30-01组合产生人源化的抗茶碱抗体。人源化的VH基于人IGHV4-31-02种系和IGHJ4-01-3种系的人J元件。在构架区3中的71位引入一个回复突变(V71R)。人源化的VL基于人IGHV2-30-01种系和IGKJ2-01种系的人J元件。在构架区2中的46位引入一个回复突变(R46L)。人源化的VH的氨基酸序列显示在SEQ ID NO:12中,并且人源化的VL的氨基酸序列显示在SEQ ID NO:16中。
实施例3
重组抗茶碱抗体的组成、表达和纯化
将鼠和人源化抗茶碱抗体可变区与人来源的恒定区组合,形成单特异性或双特异性的嵌合或人源化抗体。
特异性结合茶碱以及不同的非茶碱靶(例如受体酪氨酸激酶或IGF-1R)的单特异性人源化抗茶碱抗体和双特异性人源化抗茶碱抗体的产生需要:(i)设计和定义这类分子的氨基酸和核苷酸序列;(ii)在经转染的培养的哺乳动物细胞中表达这些分子;和(iii)从经转染的细胞的上清纯化这些分子。按之前在PCT/EP2011/074273中所述进行这些步骤。
通常,为了产生具有(最初的)鼠抗茶碱抗体的结合特异性的IgG种类的人源化抗体,将人源化VH序列符合读框地与IgG1亚类的人Fc区的CH1-铰链-CH2-CH3的N端融合。类似地,将人源化VL序列符合读框地与人CLκ恒定区的N端融合。
为了产生包含茶碱结合特异性以及对其他靶的特异性的双特异性抗体衍生物,将抗茶碱抗体、scFv或Fab片段符合读框地与之前所述的抗体的重链的C端融合。在许多情况下,通过引入之前已描述过(例如Reiter,Y.,等,Nature biotechnology 14(1996)1239-1245)的VH44-VL100二硫键来进一步稳定化所应用的抗半抗原scFv。
表达质粒
将包含用于表达重链和轻链的表达盒的表达质粒单独地组装在哺乳动物细胞表达载体中。
从而如上文所述联结编码单个元件的基因区段。
关于可从其推断密码子使用的人轻链和重链的核苷酸序列的一般信息在以下中给出:Kabat,E.A.等,Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest,第5版,Public Health Service,National Institutes of Health,Bethesda,MD(1991),NIHPublication No 91-3242。
κ轻链的转录单位由以下元件组成:
-来自人巨细胞病毒(hCMV)的立即早期增强子和启动子;
-合成的包括Kozak序列的5'-UT;
-包括信号序列内含子的鼠免疫球蛋白重链信号序列;
-与5’端唯一的BsmI限制位点及剪接供体位点和3’端的唯一的NotI限制位点排列在一起的克隆的可变轻链cDNA;
-基因组人κ基因恒定区,包括内含子2小鼠Ig-κ增强子(Picard,D.和Schaffner,W.Nature 307(1984)80-82);和
-人免疫球蛋白κ多腺苷酸化(“poly A”)信号序列。
γl重链的转录单位由以下元件组成:
-来自人巨细胞病毒(hCMV)的立即早期增强子和启动子;
-合成的包括Kozak序列的5'-UT;
-包括信号序列内含子的修饰的鼠免疫球蛋白重链信号序列;
-与5’端唯一的BsmI限制位点及剪接供体位点和3’端的唯一的NotI限制位点排列在一起的克隆的单特异性可变重链cDNA或克隆的双特异性融合scFv-可变重链cDNA;
-基因组人γl重链基因恒定区,包括小鼠Ig-μ增强子(Neuberger,M.S.,EMBO J.2(1983)1373-1378);和
-人γl免疫球蛋白多腺苷酸化(“poly A”)信号序列。
除κ轻链或γ1重链表达盒外,这些质粒包含:
-潮霉素抗性基因;
-EB病毒(EBV)的复制起点oriP;
-允许此质粒在大肠杆菌中复制的来自载体pUC18的复制起点;和
-在大肠杆菌中赋予氨苄青霉素抗性的β-内酰胺酶基因。
重组DNA技术
用Sambrook等,1999(上文)中所述的标准克隆技术进行克隆。所有分子生物学试剂均为市售(如果未以其他方式指出),且按照厂家的说明使用。
包含编码序列、突变或其他遗传元件的DNA由Geneart AG,Regensburg合成。
通过在SequiServe(SequiServe GmbH,德国)进行的双链测序来测定DNA序列。
DNA和蛋白质序列分析及序列数据管理
用Vector NTI Advance suite version 9.0进行序列创建、作图、分析、注释和说明。
抗茶碱抗体和衍生物的表达
通过瞬时转染悬浮的人胚肾293(HEK293)细胞来表达抗茶碱抗体。为此,将对应的单特异性或双特异性抗体的轻链和重链构建在上述携带原核和真核选择标记物的表达载体中。在大肠杆菌中扩增这些质粒,纯化,随后应用于瞬时转染。用Current Protocols inCell Biology(2000),Bonifacino,J.S.,Dasso,M.,Harford,J.B.,Lippincott-Schwartz,J.和Yamada,K.M.(编辑),John Wiley&Sons,Inc.中所述的标准细胞培养技术进行细胞的处理。
在37℃/8%CO2下在适当的表达培养基中培养细胞。转染当日,将细胞按1-2x 106活细胞/ml的密度接种在新鲜培养基中。在包含1:1的摩尔比的250μg重链和轻链质粒DNA的Opti-MEM I培养基(Invitrogen,USA)中制备DNA与转染试剂的复合物用于250ml的最终转染体积。转染后7天通过在14,000g离心30分钟并滤过无菌滤膜(0.22μm)来澄清包含单特异性或双特异性抗体的细胞培养物上清。将上清保存在-20℃,直至纯化。
为了测定细胞培养物上清中的抗体和衍生物的浓度,应用了亲和HPLC层析。为此,将包含与蛋白A结合的单特异性或双特异性抗体或其衍生物的细胞培养物上清应用至包含200mM KH2PO4、100mM柠檬酸钠、pH 7.4的溶液中的Applied Biosystems Poros A/20柱。通过应用含有200mM NaCl、100mM柠檬酸、pH 2.5的溶液来进行从层析材料的洗脱。使用UltiMate 3000HPLC系统(Dionex)。通过UV吸光度和峰面积积分来定量洗脱的蛋白质。用纯化的IgG1抗体作为标准品。
抗茶碱抗体的纯化
转染后7天,收获HEK 293细胞上清。通过使用蛋白A-SepharoseTM亲和层析(GEHealthcare,Sweden)的亲和层析和Superdex200大小排阻层析来在两个步骤中从上清纯化包含在其中的重组抗体。简言之,将包含抗体的澄清的培养物上清加至用PBS缓冲液(10mMNa2HPO4、1mM KH2PO4、137mM NaCl和2.7mM KCl,pH 7.4)平衡的MabSelectSuRe Protein A(5-50ml)柱上。用平衡缓冲液洗去未结合的蛋白质。用50mM柠檬酸缓冲液、pH 3.2洗脱抗体(或衍生物)。用0.1ml 2M Tris缓冲液、pH 9.0中和含有蛋白质的级分。然后,混合所洗脱的蛋白质级分,用Amicon Ultra离心过滤装置(MWCO:30K,Millipore)浓缩,并上样在用20mM组氨酸、140mM NaCl、pH 6.0平衡的Superdex200HiLoad 26/60凝胶过滤柱(GEHealthcare,Sweden)上。使用按照Pace等,Protein Science,1995,4,2411-2423根据氨基酸序列计算的摩尔消光系数,以320nm OD作为背景校正,通过测定280nm光密度(OD)来测定纯化的抗体和衍生物的蛋白质浓度。混合单体抗体级分,速冻,并保存在-80℃。提供部分样品用于随后的蛋白质分析和表征。
通过存在和缺乏还原剂(5mM 1,4-二硫苏糖醇)的情况下的SDS-PAGE和考马斯亮蓝染色来确认抗体的同质性。按照厂家的说明使用Pre-Cast凝胶系统(Invitrogen,USA)(4-20%Tris-甘氨酸凝胶)。
在还原条件下,与IgG相关的多肽链在SDS-PAGE上按类似于计算分子量的表观分子大小显示。通过蛋白A分析了所有构建体的表达水平。在这类非优化的瞬时表达实验中,平均蛋白质产率在每升细胞培养物上清6mg至35mg纯化蛋白质之间。
图1显示结合茶碱的嵌合和人源化抗体的表达产物的SDS PAGE分析。用蛋白A和SEC纯化后的嵌合和人源化抗体的组成和同质性证明,抗体H链和L链作为单条带存在,不存在可见量的其他蛋白质污染物。
实施例4
抗体与茶碱的特异性结合的检测
为了通过ELISA测定抗体的特异性结合,将生物素化的茶碱(500ng/mL于PBS中)加至链霉抗生物素蛋白包被的ELISA平板,并在室温孵育30分钟。洗涤两次去除未结合的抗原后,按50和3000ng/mL(于PBS中)之间的浓度加入抗体,并孵育30分钟。洗涤两次后,用抗-huFc Fab-HRP缀合物和ABTS底物检测结合的抗体(在405nm测量吸光度)。图2显示,嵌合抗体以及人源化抗体特异性地和剂量依赖性地结合固定在ELISA平板上的茶碱。相反,识别不同(糖类)抗原(LeY)的对照抗体在此测定中未产生信号。
为了测定抗体与茶碱特异性结合的亲和力,应用了表面等离振子共振(SPR)分析。图3中显示茶碱结合抗体的结合谱。对于鼠(上行)和人源化(下行)抗体,计算的亲和力(KD)分别为20nM和17nM(见下表)。
表格
ka | kd | KD | KD[nM] | t1/2[min] |
1,12E+05 | 0,00228 | 2,03E-08 | 20,3 | 5,1 |
1,31E+05 | 0,002214 | 1,70E-08 | 17,0 | 5,2 |
实施例5
共价茶碱-抗茶碱抗体复合物的产生
为了评价用茶碱和茶碱结合抗体作为半抗原识别系统的共价抗体复合物的形成,通常用上文所述的合成和纯化技术产生茶碱-Cys-Cy5作为荧光有效负载。已合成的茶碱-Cys-Cy5衍生物的组成显示在图4)中。为了证明共价二硫键的形成,产生了在重链可变区的54或55位包含所设计的Cys的茶碱结合抗体(抗茶碱抗体-Cys)。图4b)中针对Y54C变体示例性显示了这些抗体的纯度。将这些抗体衍生物与茶碱-Cys-Cy5复合,随后在实施例3中所述的非还原和还原条件下进行SDS-PAGE。在非还原条件下,以实施例3中所述相同的方式通过其在凝胶内的H链相关荧光来检测二硫键连接的抗茶碱抗体复合的Cy5。这显示在图4c)中,证明抗体间的共价复合物已由于单纯的负载反应而以与用洋地黄毒苷、荧光素或生物素作为半抗原时观察到的二硫键相同的方式形成。这些复合物在还原时如预期地解离,即只有在还原二硫键时才从H链释放有效负载(图4c))。
实施例6
茶碱结合抗体以极高的亲和力结合其抗原
通过表面等离振子共振(BIAcore)实验评价了茶碱结合抗体的亲和力(图5)。通过抗-huFab将抗体的Fab片段捕获在芯片上,然后暴露于含有单茶碱的有效负载(Theo-肽)。形成了确定的1:1复合物(Fab:茶碱-有效负载)。除快速结合(结合速率)外,我们未观察到可检测的解离速率,即没有结合的抗原的相关释放。因此,抗体具有小于个位数pM的意料之外的高亲和力,可能小于1pM(图5)。因为在这些实验条件下不能观察到解离速率,不能测定精确的kD值(规格之外=抗体无可检测到的解离速率)。因此,抗体可能具有高达亚皮摩尔的亲和力。
序列表
<110> 弗·哈夫曼-拉罗切有限公司
<120> 抗茶碱抗体及使用方法
<130> 31083 WO
<150> EP12174958.4
<151> 2012-07-04
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50 55 60
Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr
65 70 75 80
Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys
85 90 95
Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys
100 105 110
Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro
115 120 125
Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys
130 135 140
Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp
145 150 155 160
Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu
165 170 175
Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu
180 185 190
His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn
195 200 205
Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly
210 215 220
Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Glu Glu
225 230 235 240
Met Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr
245 250 255
Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn
260 265 270
Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe
275 280 285
Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn
290 295 300
Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr
305 310 315 320
Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys
325 330
<210> 29
<211> 330
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 29
Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys
1 5 10 15
Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr
20 25 30
Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser
35 40 45
Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser
50 55 60
Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr
65 70 75 80
Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys
85 90 95
Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys
100 105 110
Pro Ala Pro Glu Ala Ala Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro
115 120 125
Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys
130 135 140
Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp
145 150 155 160
Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu
165 170 175
Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu
180 185 190
His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn
195 200 205
Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly
210 215 220
Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu
225 230 235 240
Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr
245 250 255
Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn
260 265 270
Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe
275 280 285
Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn
290 295 300
Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr
305 310 315 320
Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys
325 330
<210> 30
<211> 330
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 30
Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys
1 5 10 15
Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr
20 25 30
Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser
35 40 45
Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser
50 55 60
Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr
65 70 75 80
Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys
85 90 95
Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys
100 105 110
Pro Ala Pro Glu Ala Ala Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro
115 120 125
Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys
130 135 140
Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp
145 150 155 160
Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu
165 170 175
Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu
180 185 190
His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn
195 200 205
Lys Ala Leu Gly Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly
210 215 220
Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu
225 230 235 240
Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr
245 250 255
Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn
260 265 270
Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe
275 280 285
Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn
290 295 300
Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr
305 310 315 320
Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys
325 330
<210> 31
<211> 327
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 31
Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Cys Ser Arg
1 5 10 15
Ser Thr Ser Glu Ser Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr
20 25 30
Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser
35 40 45
Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser
50 55 60
Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Lys Thr
65 70 75 80
Tyr Thr Cys Asn Val Asp His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys
85 90 95
Arg Val Glu Ser Lys Tyr Gly Pro Pro Cys Pro Ser Cys Pro Ala Pro
100 105 110
Glu Phe Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys
115 120 125
Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val
130 135 140
Asp Val Ser Gln Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Gln Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp
145 150 155 160
Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Phe
165 170 175
Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp
180 185 190
Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Gly Leu
195 200 205
Pro Ser Ser Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg
210 215 220
Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Gln Glu Glu Met Thr Lys
225 230 235 240
Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp
245 250 255
Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys
260 265 270
Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser
275 280 285
Arg Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Glu Gly Asn Val Phe Ser
290 295 300
Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser
305 310 315 320
Leu Ser Leu Ser Leu Gly Lys
325
<210> 32
<211> 327
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 32
Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Cys Ser Arg
1 5 10 15
Ser Thr Ser Glu Ser Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr
20 25 30
Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser
35 40 45
Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser
50 55 60
Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Lys Thr
65 70 75 80
Tyr Thr Cys Asn Val Asp His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys
85 90 95
Arg Val Glu Ser Lys Tyr Gly Pro Pro Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro
100 105 110
Glu Phe Glu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys
115 120 125
Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val
130 135 140
Asp Val Ser Gln Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Gln Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp
145 150 155 160
Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Phe
165 170 175
Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp
180 185 190
Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Gly Leu
195 200 205
Pro Ser Ser Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg
210 215 220
Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Gln Glu Glu Met Thr Lys
225 230 235 240
Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp
245 250 255
Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys
260 265 270
Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser
275 280 285
Arg Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Glu Gly Asn Val Phe Ser
290 295 300
Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser
305 310 315 320
Leu Ser Leu Ser Leu Gly Lys
325
<210> 33
<211> 327
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 33
Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Cys Ser Arg
1 5 10 15
Ser Thr Ser Glu Ser Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr
20 25 30
Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser
35 40 45
Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser
50 55 60
Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Lys Thr
65 70 75 80
Tyr Thr Cys Asn Val Asp His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys
85 90 95
Arg Val Glu Ser Lys Tyr Gly Pro Pro Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro
100 105 110
Glu Phe Glu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys
115 120 125
Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val
130 135 140
Asp Val Ser Gln Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Gln Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp
145 150 155 160
Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Phe
165 170 175
Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp
180 185 190
Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Gly Leu
195 200 205
Gly Ser Ser Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg
210 215 220
Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Gln Glu Glu Met Thr Lys
225 230 235 240
Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp
245 250 255
Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys
260 265 270
Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser
275 280 285
Arg Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Glu Gly Asn Val Phe Ser
290 295 300
Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser
305 310 315 320
Leu Ser Leu Ser Leu Gly Lys
325
Claims (7)
1.抗茶碱抗体,其包含SEQ ID NO:12的VH序列和SEQ ID NO:16的VL序列。
2.权利要求1的抗体,其是全长IgG1抗体或全长IgG4抗体。
3.权利要求1的抗体,其是单克隆抗体。
4.权利要求1的抗体,其是结合茶碱的抗体片段。
5.药物制剂,其包含根据前述权利要求中任一项的抗体和可药用载体。
6.权利要求1至4中任一项的抗体,其用作药物。
7.权利要求1至4中任一项的抗体在制备药物中的用途。
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RU2694981C2 (ru) | 2014-01-03 | 2019-07-18 | Ф. Хоффманн-Ля Рош Аг | Ковалентно связанные конъюгаты хеликар-антитело против хеликара и их применения |
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US20150238628A1 (en) | 2015-08-27 |
EP3138578A1 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
EP3138578B1 (en) | 2022-01-12 |
EP2869837B1 (en) | 2016-09-14 |
KR20150023938A (ko) | 2015-03-05 |
JP6549278B2 (ja) | 2019-07-24 |
US9925272B2 (en) | 2018-03-27 |
JP2018138561A (ja) | 2018-09-06 |
BR112014030843A2 (pt) | 2019-10-15 |
SI2869837T1 (sl) | 2016-12-30 |
WO2014006118A1 (en) | 2014-01-09 |
CA2872184A1 (en) | 2014-01-09 |
MX2014014381A (es) | 2015-02-05 |
CN104394886B (zh) | 2017-05-24 |
EP2869837A1 (en) | 2015-05-13 |
CN104394886A (zh) | 2015-03-04 |
DK2869837T3 (en) | 2016-09-26 |
RU2017128512A (ru) | 2019-02-15 |
RU2630664C2 (ru) | 2017-09-11 |
PL2869837T3 (pl) | 2017-03-31 |
HUE029435T2 (en) | 2017-02-28 |
JP6324376B2 (ja) | 2018-05-16 |
CN107082810A (zh) | 2017-08-22 |
JP2015527983A (ja) | 2015-09-24 |
HK1203354A1 (zh) | 2015-10-30 |
RU2015102068A (ru) | 2016-08-20 |
MX353951B (es) | 2018-02-07 |
ES2600154T3 (es) | 2017-02-07 |
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