CN107080193A - 一种巴沙鱼米花的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/40—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by drying or kilning; Subsequent reconstitution
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- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/36—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
- A23L3/361—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling the materials being transported through or in the apparatus, with or without shaping, e.g. in form of powder, granules, or flakes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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Abstract
本发明公开一种巴沙鱼米花的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:选料,切块,腌制,蒸制,冷却、控水,预冻,冷冻干燥,包装、杀菌。本发明利用巴沙鱼中脂肪含量高,采用真空冷冻干燥的方法制备出具有松香脆,味道鲜美,口感好的巴沙鱼米花;制备出的巴沙鱼米花能最大程度地保留巴沙鱼的营养成分,保持了鱼肉的香味、营养健康,制得的巴沙鱼米花高蛋白,低热量,降低了人们身体能量的摄入。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及鱼肉食品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种巴沙鱼米花的制备方法。
背景技术
巴沙鱼,是东南亚国家重要的淡水养殖品种。它属鲶形目鱼类,属芒鲶属的芒鲶,为无鳞鱼类,是湄公河流域中一种特有的优质经济鱼类,越南音译为“卡巴沙”,意思是“三块脂肪鱼”。 巴沙鱼的适应性很强,它食性广、耐缺氧、不易生病,对水质要求不高,特别适合高密度养殖,而且它生长十分迅速,鱼苗投放8个月就能长到商品鱼规格。巴沙鱼相对于龙利鱼来说性价比高,在营养上并没有显著差异,但价格便宜很多。巴沙鱼肉质白嫩,无肌间小刺,利于加工,且没有土腥气,可做成各种鱼制品小零食。
传统的巴沙鱼制品,通常是采用烘干、腌制、油炸或者加工成罐头,烘干的鱼制品口感较硬;腌制的鱼制品适口性差;油炸的鱼制品较为酥脆,受大众喜爱,但鱼的营养成分损失大,油炸处理后的油脂含量高,容易导致食用者肥胖;加工成罐头的鱼制品,其含有防腐剂、食品添加剂,不够安全健康。
发明内容
因此,针对上述的问题,本发明旨在提供一种制备出松、香、脆,味道鲜美、营养健康、食用方便、口感好的巴沙鱼米花的方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种巴沙鱼米花的制备方法,其按以下步骤:
(1)选料:挑选肉质新鲜的巴沙鱼;
(2)切块:将所选取的巴沙鱼切成鱼米花;
(3)腌制:向鱼米花中加入食盐,搅拌均匀5min;
(4)蒸制:将腌制后的鱼米花蒸熟,蒸制温度150-200℃,蒸制时间10-15min;
(5)冷却、控水:将蒸熟后的鱼米花自然冷却,冷却1-1.5h,然后控除鱼米花表面的水分;
(6)预冻:将控水后的鱼米花均匀铺开于洁净盘中,放入速冻库预冻处理11-12h;
(7)冷冻干燥:将预冻后的鱼米花放入真空冷冻干燥机中干燥处理20-25h,真空度控制在30-50Pa;
(8)包装、杀菌:将干燥后的鱼米花包装,脱气杀菌,即成成品。
优选地,所述步骤(2)切块是将巴沙鱼切成0.9cm3-1.0cm3的鱼米花。
优选地,所述步骤(3)的食盐采用无碘食盐,无碘食盐与鱼米花按重量比为1:1000搅拌均匀。
优选地,所述步骤(6)预冻时,速冻库的温度控制为-20--30℃。
优选地,所述步骤(7)冷冻干燥分为两个阶段,第一阶段是将鱼米花升华干燥20-22h,至其水分含量为0.5-4%,第二阶段是将鱼米花在30-40℃下解析干燥1-3h,除去残余水分。
本发明的有益效果是:
1.本发明充分的利用巴沙鱼中脂肪含量高,采用真空冷冻干燥的方法制备出具有松香脆,味道鲜美,口感好的巴沙鱼米花。
2.本发明的制备巴沙鱼的方法,通过合理的设置预冻时间,真空冷冻干燥机的参数,能够保证巴沙鱼米花的外观品质。
3.本发明制备出的巴沙鱼米花能最大程度地保留巴沙鱼的营养成分,保持了鱼肉的香味、营养健康,制得的巴沙鱼米花高蛋白,低热量,降低了人们身体能量的摄入。
4.本发明的巴沙鱼米花的保质期长,能够抑制微生物的繁殖,安全卫生。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案、积极效果更加清楚明白,通过以下实施例对本发明进行进一步详细说明。以下对于具体实施方案的描述仅用于解释本发明,并不限定本发明。
实施例1
一种巴沙鱼米花的加工方法,其按以下步骤:
(1)选料:挑选肉质新鲜的巴沙鱼为原料;
(2)切块:将所选取的巴沙鱼采用刀具去除其外背部硬刺,从鱼体的头部沿其椎骨平切至尾部,将两侧鱼体鱼椎骨分开,去除内脏;再将鱼体去除鱼刺及鱼皮,清洗鱼肉至无血水析出,然后切制成1 cm3的鱼米花;
(3)腌制:采用无碘食盐与鱼米花按重量比为1:1000,搅拌均匀5min;
(4)蒸制:将腌制后的鱼米花置于150-200℃的蒸锅中蒸制10min;
(5)冷却、控水:将蒸熟后的鱼米花置于常温下自然冷却,冷却1h,然后控除鱼米花表面的水分;
(6)预冻:将控水后的鱼米花均匀铺开于洁净盘中,放入-20℃的速冻库中预冻处理11h;
(7)冷冻干燥:将真空冷冻干燥机上的冷凝器降温至-45℃时,将预冻后的鱼米花放置在干燥仓的隔板上,两层隔板间加热板,通过辐射热量补充足够的升华潜热,然后开始抽真空进行升华干燥,真空度保持在30Pa-50Pa,干燥时间为20h,在干燥仓温度升温至30℃时,保持负压干燥3h,至鱼肉的温度与隔板的温度一致时,此时水分已基本去除,缓慢加压至常压后,取出鱼肉丁块,制得巴沙鱼米花;
(8)包装、杀菌:将干燥后的鱼米花包装,脱气杀菌,即成成品。
实施例2
一种巴沙鱼米花的加工方法,其按以下步骤:
(1)选料:挑选肉质新鲜的巴沙鱼为原料;
(2)切块:将所选取的巴沙鱼采用刀具去除其外背部硬刺,从鱼体的头部沿其椎骨平切至尾部,将两侧鱼体鱼椎骨分开,去除内脏;再将鱼体去除鱼刺及鱼皮,清洗鱼肉至无血水析出,然后切制成1 cm3的鱼米花;
(3)腌制:采用无碘食盐与鱼米花按重量比为1:1000,搅拌均匀5min;
(4)蒸制:将腌制后的鱼米花置于150-200℃的蒸锅中蒸制15min;
(5)冷却、控水:将蒸熟后的鱼米花置于常温下自然冷却,冷却1.5h,然后控除鱼米花表面的水分;
(6)预冻:将控水后的鱼米花均匀铺开于洁净盘中,放入-25℃的速冻库中预冻处理12h;
(5)冷冻干燥:将真空冷冻干燥机上的冷凝器降温至-45℃时,将预冻后的鱼米花放置在干燥仓的隔板上,两层隔板间加热板,通过辐射热量补充足够的升华潜热,然后开始抽真空进行升华干燥,真空度保持在30Pa-50Pa,干燥时间为22h,在干燥仓温度升温至40℃时,保持负压干燥1h,,至鱼肉的温度与隔板的温度一致时,此时水分已基本去除,缓慢加压至常压后,取出鱼肉丁块,制得巴沙鱼米花。
(6)包装、杀菌:将干燥后的鱼米花包装,脱气杀菌,即成成品。
对于本领域的技术人员来说,可根据以上描述的技术方案以及构思,做出其他各种相应的改变以及变形,而所有的这些改变以及变形都应该属于本发明权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种巴沙鱼米花的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)选料:挑选肉质新鲜的巴沙鱼;
(2)切块:将所选取的巴沙鱼切成鱼米花;
(3)腌制:向鱼米花中加入食盐,搅拌均匀5min;
(4)蒸制:将腌制后的鱼米花蒸熟,蒸制温度150-200℃,蒸制时间10-15min;
(5)冷却、控水:将蒸熟后的鱼米花自然冷却,冷却1-1.5h,然后控除鱼米花表面的水分;
(6)预冻:将控水后的鱼米花均匀铺开于洁净盘中,放入速冻库预冻处理11-12h;
(7)冷冻干燥:将预冻后的鱼米花放入真空冷冻干燥机中干燥处理20-25h,真空度控制在30-50Pa;
(8)包装、杀菌:将干燥后的鱼米花包装,脱气杀菌,即成成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的巴沙鱼米花的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)切块是将巴沙鱼切成0.9cm3-1.0cm3的鱼米花。
3.根据权利要求1所述的巴沙鱼米花的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)的食盐采用无碘食盐,无碘食盐与鱼米花按重量比为1:1000搅拌均匀。
4.根据权利要求1所述的巴沙鱼米花的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(6)预冻时,速冻库的温度控制为-20--30℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的巴沙鱼米花的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(7)冷冻干燥分为两个阶段,第一阶段是将鱼米花升华干燥20-22h,至其水分含量为0.5-4%,第二阶段是将鱼米花在30-40℃下解析干燥1-3h,除去残余水分。
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