CN105995578A - 一种扣肉的制作方法 - Google Patents
一种扣肉的制作方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105995578A CN105995578A CN201610372873.4A CN201610372873A CN105995578A CN 105995578 A CN105995578 A CN 105995578A CN 201610372873 A CN201610372873 A CN 201610372873A CN 105995578 A CN105995578 A CN 105995578A
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- pork
- streaky pork
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- braised
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23L3/3535—Organic compounds containing sulfur
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/36—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种扣肉的制作方法,其步骤包括,将带皮五花肉除去细毛,切成0.5‑1千克每块,置于10‑15℃的水中洗净,取出后放入备有热水的锅中进行水煮,待肉全熟后取出晾干;调制盐、米酒、大蒜、黑胡椒、丁香、香叶和魔芋胶放入盆中搅拌均匀;将晾干的带皮五花肉皮朝上置于配制好的调料中腌制;将腌制好的五花肉皮朝下放入烧开的花生油中炸至猪皮呈金黄色;晾干透后在真空条件下先使用保鲜膜将五花肉包起,再使用可微波的食品真空包装袋将五花肉最后包装;真空包装后的五花肉采用微波灭菌进行杀菌后放入‑5‑‑20℃冷藏室急冻即完成。本发明为简易版扣肉,肉质鲜嫩口感好,营养丰富,除菌效果佳,不添加任何化学防腐剂。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及食品加工领域,尤其是一种扣肉的制作方法。
【技术背景】
扣肉作为我国的一道传统美食,既营养又美味,是餐桌上老少皆宜的美食。随着社会的发展,人们越来越追求便利的生活,所以出现了真空包装的扣肉。扣肉以五花肉为原材料制作,其主要工艺流程包括预煮、油炸、切分、装罐、注液、真空封口、高温高压杀菌、冷却等,这一流程中的蒸煮炸大部分人为了方便简单会使用天然气,而忽略了使用柴火烹饪的有益之处;所加工的扣肉罐头可以常温保存6个月以上,方便携带和食用,一些普通的软包装的扣肉制品,软包装制品会因真空而挤压袋内扣肉,使其变形不美观。但无论上述哪种包装,都具有罐头产品共有的蒸煮异味(又可以称罐头味),失去了产品的新鲜感。尤其用普通软包装时,还因为袋内凝结了较多油脂使开袋取扣肉时往往将手或其他用具弄脏,不方便操作。五花肉中含有铜、脂肪、优质蛋白质和必要的脂肪酸等营养物质,在扣肉的制作过程中人们也往往考虑不到肉中营养的流失或没有有效的技术方案,在扣肉的水煮-腌制-炸的这一阶段中是保持肉的营养成分及口感的重要阶段,扣肉的晾干程度也是保持包装内干净无多余油脂的有利条件。
【发明内容】
鉴于以上提出的问题,本发明为了弥补现有技术中对于真空包装扣肉的口感一般、营养流失严重、灭菌不严谨的不足,提供了一种扣肉的制作方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种扣肉的制作方法,包括以下步骤:
a、预处理:将带皮五花肉除去细毛,切成0.5-1千克每块,置于10-15℃的水中洗净,后放入备有热水的锅中进行水煮,待所述五花肉全熟后取出晾干;
b、配制腌制液:将盐、米酒、蒜米、黑胡椒、丁香、香叶和魔芋胶混合并搅拌均匀,得到腌制液;其中,所述盐、米酒、蒜米、黑胡椒、丁香、香叶和魔芋胶的用量分别为五花肉质量的:0.2-0.25%、0.2-0.3%、0.16-0.2%、0.05-0.056%、0.04-0.06%、0.05-0.07%和0.0012-0.0014%;
c、腌制:将步骤b所配制的腌制液反复且均匀地涂抹在由步骤a所得的带皮五花肉上,并腌制15-20分钟;
d、炸制:将经步骤c后的带皮五花肉皮朝下放入烧开的食用油中炸制,直至所述五花肉皮呈金黄色即可。
优选的,扣肉制作过程中的水煮、炸制均采用柴烧进行供热。
优选的,步骤a中所述五花肉下锅前在其上钻若干个孔,下锅后用小火加热,所述五花肉煮熟后用挂钩将其勾起晾干。
优选的,步骤b中所述盐、米酒、蒜米、黑胡椒、丁香、香叶和魔芋胶所占所述五花肉的质量百分比分别为:0.2%、0.2%、0.16%、0.05%、0.04%、0.05%、0.0012%。
优选的,步骤d中所用的食用油为花生油。
优选的,还包括的步骤为将经步骤d后的五花肉晾干透,在真空条件下先使用保鲜膜将所述五花肉包起,再使用可微波的食品真空包装袋将所述五花肉进行包装,灭菌。
优选的,保鲜膜为吸氧保鲜膜,灭菌为微波灭菌。
优选的,所述五花肉灭菌后放入-5--20℃的冷藏室急冻。
由于猪肉中含有一种肌溶蛋白的物质,在15℃以上的水中易溶解,肉用热水冲洗就会丧失很多营养,同时会使得口味欠佳;下锅焖煮前,将肉钻若干个孔,使肉熟得快,在腌制过程中调料能较好地渗入肉中;下锅焖煮时,一定注入热水,因为热水可以使猪肉表面的蛋白质迅速凝固,能防止肉中氨基酸流失,保持肉味鲜美;入锅后要改用小火加热,勤翻动,能使其均匀受热;使用挂钩勾起五花肉使其加速晾干。
加盐腌制有效抑制微生物的生长,蒜米有抗菌作用,黑胡椒、丁香、香叶丰富了五花肉味道的同时,也使五花肉有了较强的健脾开胃作用,魔芋胶提升肉的口感,营养丰富。
炸制是在煮的基础上进一步排除原料中的油脂,同时让肉块表面紧缩,形成略微发硬的壳,能保护内部的营养成分,油温以七成热为宜,不能过高,否则会使肉块表面的油脂大量溶入锅中,瘦肉在高温中容易发硬。
本发明中部分原料的相关特性如下:
盐:盐是人体机能的基本要素,是珍贵的调味品和食品防腐剂,有白色的黄金之称。盐使肉具有防腐保鲜的作用,同时增加肉的风味和改善颜色,提高肉的食用质量。盐腌制食物使食物环境中的渗透压升高,微生物在高渗透压会因为严重脱水而死亡,没有微生物的存在从而达到腌制食物不易腐烂的目的。
米酒:米酒是一种发酵酒,有很好的保健作用。米酒在发酵过程中产生了葡萄糖、糊精、甘油、醋酸、矿物质等营养物质,而且这些营养物质易被人体消化吸收,米酒含有十多种氨基酸,其中有8种是人体不能合成而又必需的。米酒具有补养气血、助运化、健脾、益胃、舒筋活血、祛风除湿等功能,其中米酒中的一组酶抑制剂还有增强记忆的作用。本发明主要利用了米酒具有多种人体易于吸收的营养成分,用米酒腌制肉类能使肉散发浓郁的香味而除去肉中特有的腥膻味。
蒜米:强力杀菌,大蒜中含硫化合物具有奇强的抗菌消炎作用,对多种球菌、杆菌、真菌和病毒等均有抑制和杀灭作用。能防治肿瘤和癌症,大蒜中的锗和硒等元素可抑制肿瘤细胞和癌细胞的生长。能排毒清肠,大蒜可有效抑制和杀死引起肠胃疾病的幽门螺杆菌等细菌病毒,清除肠胃有毒物质,刺激胃肠粘膜,促进食欲,加速消化。还有降低血糖、防止心脑血管疾病、保护肝功能、旺盛精力和预防感冒的作用。
黑胡椒:黑胡椒的香馥来自其含有的胡椒碱,是全世界使用最广泛的香料之一。其果味辛辣,使人们最早使用的香料之一,黑胡椒在医学上用作驱风药和刺激胃分泌,可治疗多种疾病,在调料中用于调节食物香味。
丁香:有抗菌消炎、抗病毒、抗血小板聚集、保肝利胆、抗氧化和降温的作用。丁香中含有天然防腐物质,在食品添加剂,防腐剂等食品加工产业方面具一定的开发利用价值,还可以做熏香,能提取杀菌剂。
香叶:可产挥发油0.22%。油含甲酸酯13.9-21.4%,牻牛儿醇45.08-63.13%和香茅醇45.48-57.33%。尚含薄荷酮、有机酸、甲硫醇、环氧芳樟醇、甲基庚烯酮、月桂烯、柠檬烯、对-聚伞花素、柠檬醛、2,2,6-三甲基-6-乙烯基-四氢吡喃。香气浓郁味上品,其作用是增香去异味,促进食欲。
魔芋胶:魔芋胶是从各种魔芋植物的块茎里提取出的水凝胶状多糖,是一种高分子量、非离子型KGM,含有糖类、蛋白质和氨基酸、矿物质等营养成分。具有减肥、降压抗癌、补钙、洁胃、排毒通便、美容养颜等功效,在食品加工、医药、农业中都有应用价值。魔芋胶用于肉类食品加工时,主要能保护肉类中的营养成分,使其持水性强,口感Q弹。可抑制嗜氧性微生物的繁殖,延长肉的保鲜期,在保持了物料原有色、香、味的同时,减少了劣变损失或延长保质时间,提高了产品质量,使一些不易贮存或加工的物料变稳定,且使流动性好的固体扩展了使用范围,简化了生产工艺。
本发明提供了一种扣肉的制作方法,与现有技术相比,具有以下有益效果:
(1)魔芋胶是天然的健康保健食品,具有凝胶、养颜等作用,使用魔芋胶制作扣肉,能防止五花肉蛋白质的流失,同时有润肠,通便的功能,吃了能产生饱腹感控制人们对扣肉的大量食用,其口感有弹性,不会使得扣肉产生油腻感。同时,魔芋胶经过水煮、炸制后会形成一层保护膜黏附在扣肉的肉皮上,对扣肉起到保鲜的作用,能有效的防止扣肉的腐坏。魔芋胶与扣肉的结合还能保持扣肉自身不饱和脂肪酸的稳定性,加大饱和脂肪酸的氧化分解,它们在体内具有降血脂、改善血液循环、抑制血小板凝集、阻抑动脉粥样硬化斑块和血栓形成等功效。另外,扣肉是否好吃,除了要选择好的五花肉原料外,一是要做到肉皮起泡、舒软而不硬,二是要做到肉质鲜嫩且入味,本发明采用的腌制液中魔芋胶与肉皮结合,加上在红花肉上钻孔,能实现上述两点,所制作而成的扣肉肉皮蓬松起虎皮、且有韧劲,肉质鲜嫩入味,品质非常受欢迎。
(2)在真空条件下先使用吸氧保鲜膜将五花肉包起,严格除去氧气控制微生物的滋生,有效延长了保质期,隔绝真空包装所谓的“罐头味”,在人们打开扣肉包装时也不会被油弄脏手。
(3)扣肉制作过程中的煮、炸均采用柴烧,用柴火烹饪猪肉,不稳定的火力使肉熟的透彻,柴火散发的香气侵入肉中别有风味。
【具体实施方式】
下面的实施例可以帮助本领域的技术人员更全面的理解本发明,但不可以以任何方式限制本发明。
实施例1
一种扣肉的制作方法,按以下步骤制作:
a、预处理:将带皮五花肉除去细毛,切成0.5千克每块,置于10℃的热开水中洗净,取出后在五花肉上钻孔,放入备有热水的锅中进行水煮,五花肉煮熟后用大挂钩将其勾起晾干;
b、配制腌制液:将盐、米酒、蒜米、黑胡椒、丁香、香叶和魔芋胶混合并搅拌均匀,得到腌制液;其中,所述盐、米酒、蒜米、黑胡椒、丁香、香叶和魔芋胶所占所述五花肉的质量百分比分别为:0.2%、0.2%、0.16%、0.05%、0.04%、0.05%、0.0012%;
c、腌制:将步骤b所配制的腌制液反复且均匀地涂抹在由步骤a所得的带皮五花肉上,并腌制15分钟;
d、炸制:将经步骤c后的带皮五花肉皮朝下放入烧开的食用油中炸制,直至所述五花肉皮呈金黄色即可。
将炸好的五花肉晾干透,在真空度为600Pa的真空条件下先使用吸氧保鲜膜将五花肉包起,再使用可微波的食品真空包装袋将五花肉最后包装,真空包装后的五花肉采用70℃的低温微波灭菌方式进行杀菌后放入-5℃冷藏室急冻即完成。
实施例2
a、预处理:将带皮五花肉除去细毛,切成0.8千克每块,置于13℃的热开水中洗净,取出后在五花肉上钻孔,放入备有热水的锅中进行水煮,五花肉煮熟后用大挂钩将其勾起晾干;
b、配制腌制液:将盐、米酒、蒜米、黑胡椒、丁香、香叶和魔芋胶混合并搅拌均匀,得到腌制液;其中,所述盐、米酒、蒜米、黑胡椒、丁香、香叶和魔芋胶所占所述五花肉的质量百分比分别为:0.23%、0.3%、0.18%、0.053%、0.05%、0.06%、0.0013%;
c、腌制:将步骤b所配制的腌制液反复且均匀地涂抹在由步骤a所得的带皮五花肉上,并腌制18分钟;
d、炸制:将经步骤c后的带皮五花肉皮朝下放入烧开的食用油中炸制,直至所述五花肉皮呈金黄色即可。
将炸好的五花肉晾干透,在真空度为1000Pa的真空条件下先使用吸氧保鲜膜将五花肉包起,再使用可微波的食品真空包装袋将五花肉最后包装,真空包装后的五花肉采用78℃的低温微波灭菌方式进行杀菌后放入-10℃冷藏室急冻即完成。
实施例3
a、预处理:将带皮五花肉除去细毛,切成1千克每块,置于15℃的热开水中洗净,取出后在五花肉上钻孔,放入备有热水的锅中进行水煮,五花肉煮熟后用大挂钩将其勾起晾干;
b、配制腌制液:将盐、米酒、蒜米、黑胡椒、丁香、香叶和魔芋胶混合并搅拌均匀,得到腌制液;其中,所述盐、米酒、蒜米、黑胡椒、丁香、香叶和魔芋胶所占所述五花肉的质量百分比分别为:0.25%、0.3%、0.2%、0.056%、0.06%、0.07%、0.0014%;
c、腌制:将步骤b所配制的腌制液反复且均匀地涂抹在由步骤a所得的带皮五花肉上,并腌制20分钟;
d、炸制:将经步骤c后的带皮五花肉皮朝下放入烧开的食用油中炸制,直至所述五花肉皮呈金黄色即可。
将炸好的五花肉晾干透,在真空度为1333Pa的真空条件下先使用吸氧保鲜膜将五花肉包起,再使用可微波的食品真空包装袋将五花肉最后包装。真空包装后的五花肉采用85℃的低温微波灭菌方式进行杀菌后放入-20℃冷藏室急冻即完成。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例3的区别是一种扣肉的制作方法,步骤b中的魔芋胶改为生粉,其他技术方案与实施例3相同。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例3的区别是一种扣肉的制作方法,步骤a中的五花肉不钻孔,其他技术方案与实施例3相同。
下表1给出实施例1-3和对比例1-2制得的扣肉的感官、营养和烹饪效果评定结果。
表1
扣肉制作过程中的煮、炸均采用柴火烹饪猪肉,使肉熟的透彻,柴火散发的香气侵入肉中别有风味。
本发明所提供的一种扣肉的制作方法,是以添加魔芋胶来保护肉类中的营养成分,使其持水性强,口感Q弹,可抑制嗜氧性微生物的繁殖,延长肉的保鲜期,在保持了物料原有色、香、味的同时,减少了劣变损失或延长保质时间,提高了产品质量;扣肉在真空条件下包装排除了更多的氧气成分,用吸氧保鲜膜包裹五花肉能有效提升保质期,在人们打开扣肉包装时也不会被油弄脏手,隔绝真空包装所谓的“罐头味”;采用微波完全灭菌方式彻底消灭一切微生物,并且低温杀菌不会损坏口感及不会使营养流失;采用急冻的方法将包装好的五花肉放入-5--20℃的冷藏室内,抑制厌氧菌的生长,低温急冻也可降低五花肉自身酶的反应活性,防止肉中蛋白质的分解而发生腐坏。
食用扣肉时,先采用缓化的方式进行解冻,缓化适宜温度为0-10℃,此方式不会使得肉质口感变差、包装袋中有液体溢出,并可以将其营养成分含量保持到最高。
本发明可开袋加热即食,也可根据个人的口味添加配料,将扣肉皮朝下放入碗中,将配料放于肉皮之上,放入锅中蒸煮,扣肉熟后将碗倒过来用碟子装盘,随即可以制作梅菜扣肉、香芋扣肉等经典菜肴。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种扣肉的制作方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
a、预处理:将带皮五花肉除去细毛,切成0.5-1千克每块,置于10-15℃的水中洗净,后放入备有热水的锅中进行水煮,待所述五花肉全熟后取出晾干;
b、配制腌制液:将盐、米酒、蒜米、黑胡椒、丁香、香叶和魔芋胶混合并搅拌均匀,得到腌制液;其中,所述盐、米酒、蒜米、黑胡椒、丁香、香叶和魔芋胶的用量分别为五花肉质量的0.2-0.25%、0.2-0.3%、0.16-0.2%、0.05-0.056%、0.04-0.06%、0.05-0.07%和0.0012-0.0014%;
c、腌制:将步骤b所配制的腌制液反复且均匀地涂抹在由步骤a所得的带皮五花肉上,并腌制15-20分钟;
d、炸制:将经步骤c后的带皮五花肉皮朝下放入烧开的食用油中炸制,直至所述五花肉皮呈金黄色即可。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种扣肉的制作方法,其特征在于:扣肉制作过程中的水煮、炸制均采用柴烧进行供热。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种扣肉的制作方法,其特征在于:步骤a中所述五花肉下锅前在其上钻若干个孔,下锅后用小火加热,所述五花肉煮熟后用挂钩将其勾起晾干。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种扣肉的制作方法,其特征在于:步骤b中所述盐、米酒、蒜米、黑胡椒、丁香、香叶和魔芋胶的用量分别为五花肉质量的:0.2%、0.2%、0.16%、0.05%、0.04%、0.05%、0.0012%。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种扣肉的制作方法,其特征在于:步骤d中所用的食用油为花生油。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种扣肉的制作方法,其特征在于:还包括的步骤为将经步骤d后的五花肉晾干透,在真空条件下先使用保鲜膜将所述五花肉包起,再使用可微波的食品真空包装袋将所述五花肉进行包装,灭菌。
7.如权利要求6所述的一种扣肉的制作方法,其特征在于:保鲜膜为吸氧保鲜膜,灭菌为微波灭菌。
8.如权利要求6所述的一种扣肉的制作方法,其特征在于:所述五花肉灭菌后放入-5--20℃的冷藏室急冻。
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