CN107056263B - 一种中温长石质骨瓷的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种中温长石质骨瓷的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107056263B
CN107056263B CN201710285042.8A CN201710285042A CN107056263B CN 107056263 B CN107056263 B CN 107056263B CN 201710285042 A CN201710285042 A CN 201710285042A CN 107056263 B CN107056263 B CN 107056263B
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肖杨
李木根
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Hunan Karpery Industrial Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种中温长石质骨瓷的制备方法，采用矿物原料及化工原料,其坯料和釉料配方的重量百分比组成为：坯料：湖南钠长石21%、江西钾长石9%、广东洗泥17%、江西洗泥18%、贺州原矿12%、河北增塑泥4%、龙岩原矿12%、钛白粉2%、骨灰2%、钼酸铵1%、氧化铈1%；釉料：湖南钠长石23%、江西钾长石20%、平江石英18%、烧滑石10%、烧龙岩土7%、烧氧化锌3%、贵州土6%、方解石13%；经过坯料和釉料制备、成型、施釉、干燥、中温烧成获得制品，其烧成时间为6～8h，最高烧成温度为1250～1280℃，获得烧成温度宽、产品光泽度高、热稳定性能好的中温烧结骨瓷，因此具有广阔的应用前景。

Description

一种中温长石质骨瓷的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于无机非金属材料（陶瓷）领域，具体涉及一种中温长石质骨瓷的制备方法。
背景技术
骨质瓷长期以来一直是各国贵族用瓷，是目前世界上公认的高档瓷种。因其“薄如纸、透如镜、声如磬、白如玉”，瓷质细腻通透，器型美观典雅，彩面润泽光亮，花面多姿多彩的特点，成就了它洁白的质地和华贵的造型，兼有使用和艺术的双重价值，历史上是宫廷专用品和贵族收藏之珍品，是权力和地位的象征，号称“瓷器之王”，被称为“绿色环保健康陶瓷”。骨质瓷以其高质量、高格调、高品位成为各大星级宾馆、百货超市、豪富家庭的必选用瓷，更是馈赠亲友的最佳礼品，骨质瓷已一跃成为国内高档瓷消费的主导。但骨质瓷与传统的高温瓷相比也有他的缺点，一是烧成温度范围窄，产品在烧制过程中容易产生变形、气泡、流釉的缺陷；二是热稳定性相对较差，骤冷骤热使用时，产品容易发生炸裂。因此研究发明一种具有骨质瓷优点，而且瓷体通透、釉面光泽度高、热稳定性好的长石质骨瓷就具有非常大的现实意义。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种烧成温度宽、产品光泽度高、热稳定性能好的中温长石质骨瓷的制备方法。
为解决以上技术问题，本发明的技术方案是：一种中温长石质骨瓷的制备方法，采用矿物原料及化工原料 , 其坯料和釉料配方的重量百分比组成为： 坯料：湖南钠长石21%、江西钾长石9%、广东洗泥17%、江西洗泥18%、贺州原矿12%、河北 增塑泥4%、龙岩原矿12%、钛白粉2%、骨灰2%、钼酸铵1%、氧化铈1%； 釉料：湖南钠长石23%、江西钾长石20%、平江石英18%、烧滑石10%、烧龙岩土7%、烧氧化 锌3%、贵州土6%、方解石13%； 经过坯料和釉料制备、成型、施釉、干燥、中温烧成获得制品，其烧成时间为6～8h，最高 烧成温度为1250～1280℃。
所述釉料原料中烧滑石、烧龙岩土、烧氧化锌的煅烧温度为1300℃～1320℃。
所述坯料制备工序为：按坯料配方称量原料混合均匀，然后装入球磨设备内按料：球：水=1:1.5:1的比例球磨15小时，泥浆出磨细度为250目，筛余0 .1%，出磨泥浆分别过120目、180目、200目筛3次除铁，然后陈腐7天以上，再真空练泥3次待用。
所述釉料制备工序为：按釉料配方称量原料混合均匀，然后装入球磨设备内按料：球：水=1:2:0 .5的比例球磨22小时，釉浆出磨细度为250目，万孔筛余0 .01%，出磨釉浆分别 过180目、200目、250目筛3次除铁后备用。
所述施釉工序为：所述釉浆浓度控制为50°Bé-52°Bé，在含水率为2%以下坯体上先施内釉，然后施外釉，所述坯体施外釉前需再次进烘房干燥4小时。
所述获得制品的热稳定性为180～20℃，一次未裂；获得制品的吸水率0.3%以下，釉面光泽度为大于80。
所述中温烧成过程中采用正负压交叉烧制工艺，其烧成制度为：室温至800～950℃，升温速率3～4℃/min，并在800～950℃保温20 min，此过程中窑内处于正压状态；窑内温度从800～950℃至1080～1130℃，升温速率1.5～2℃/min，此过程中窑内处于负压状态；窑内温度从1080～1130℃至1250～1280℃，升温速率3～5℃/min保温40min，此过程中窑内处于正压状态；最后窑炉熄火，自然冷却至室温。
所述坯料和釉料中矿物原料的化学组成为：
Figure 119457DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
本发明通过控制原料的颗粒度，添加钛白粉、骨灰作为分相剂在坯与釉之间产生中间 层以提高坯体的热稳定性，钼酸铵作为结晶剂提高坯体中莫来石的数量，通过添加氧化铈 作为限晶剂用于填补晶粒及缺陷，生成能阻碍坯体游离石英继续生长的膜，从而降低坯体 的膨胀系数；并通过正负压交叉烧成技术很好的提高了瓷体的通透、釉面的光泽度，因此具 有广阔的市场前景。
具体实施方式
实施列一：一种中温长石质骨瓷的制备方法，采用矿物原料及化工原料 , 其坯料和釉料配方的 重量百分比组成为： 坯料：湖南钠长石21%、江西钾长石9%、广东洗泥17%、江西洗泥18%、贺州原矿12%、河北 增塑泥4%、龙岩原矿12%、钛白粉2%、骨灰2%、钼酸铵1%、氧化铈1%； 釉料：湖南钠长石23%、江西钾长石20%、平江石英18%、烧滑石10%、烧龙岩土7%、烧氧化 锌3%、贵州土6%、方解石13%； 经过坯料和釉料制备、成型、施釉、干燥、中温烧成获得制品，其烧成时间为6h，最高烧 成温度为1260℃。
所述釉料原料中烧滑石、烧龙岩土、烧氧化锌的煅烧温度为1310℃。
所述坯料制备工序为：按坯料配方称量原料混合均匀，然后装入球磨设备内按料：球：水=1:1.5:1的比例球磨15小时，泥浆出磨细度为250目，筛余0.1%，出磨泥浆分别过120目、180目、200目筛3次除铁，然后陈腐7天以上，再真空练泥3次待用。
所述釉料制备工序为：按釉料配方称量原料混合均匀，然后装入球磨设备内按料：球：水=1:2:0.5的比例球磨22小时，釉浆出磨细度为250目，万孔筛余0.01%，出磨釉浆分别过180目、200目、250目筛3次除铁后备用。
所述施釉工序为：所述釉浆浓度控制为51°Bé，在含水率为2%以下坯体上先喷内釉，然后浸外釉，所述坯体施外釉前需再次进烘房干燥4小时。
所述获得制品的热稳定性为180～20℃，一次未裂；获得制品的吸水率为0.25%，釉面光泽度为82。
所述中温烧成过程中采用正负压交叉烧制工艺，其烧成制度为：室温至810℃，升温速率3℃/min，并在810℃保温20 min，此过程中窑内处于正压状态；窑内温度从810℃至1100℃，升温速率1.6℃/min，此过程中窑内处于负压状态；窑内温度从1100℃至1260℃，升温速率3℃/min保温40min，此过程中窑内处于正压状态；最后窑炉熄火，自然冷却至室温。
实施列二： 一种中温长石质骨瓷的制备方法，采用矿物原料及化工原料 , 其坯料和釉料配方的 重量百分比组成为： 坯料：湖南钠长石21%、江西钾长石9%、广东洗泥17%、江西洗泥18%、贺州原矿12%、河北 增塑泥4%、龙岩原矿12%、钛白粉2%、骨灰2%、钼酸铵1%、氧化铈1%； 釉料：湖南钠长石23%、江西钾长石20%、平江石英18%、烧滑石10%、烧龙岩土7%、烧氧化 锌3%、贵州土6%、方解石13%； 经过坯料和釉料制备、成型、施釉、干燥、中温烧成获得制品，其烧成时间为7h，最高烧 成温度为1270℃。
所述釉料原料中烧滑石、烧龙岩土、烧氧化锌的煅烧温度为1320℃。
所述坯料制备工序为：按坯料配方称量原料混合均匀，然后装入球磨设备内按料：球：水=1:1.5:1的比例球磨15小时，泥浆出磨细度为250目，筛余0.1%，出磨泥浆分别过120目、180目、200目筛3次除铁，然后陈腐7天以上，再真空练泥3次待用。
所述釉料制备工序为：按釉料配方称量原料混合均匀，然后装入球磨设备内按料：球：水=1:2:0.5的比例球磨22小时，釉浆出磨细度为250目，万孔筛余0.01%，出磨釉浆分别过180目、200目、250目筛3次除铁后备用。
所述施釉工序为：所述釉浆浓度控制为50°Bé，在含水率为2%以下坯体上先喷内釉，然后浸外釉，所述坯体施外釉前需再次进烘房干燥4小时。
所述获得制品的热稳定性为180～20℃，一次未裂；获得制品的吸水率为0.2%，釉面光泽度为85。
所述中温烧成过程中采用正负压交叉烧制工艺，其烧成制度为：室温至910℃，升温速率4℃/min，并在910℃保温20 min，此过程中窑内处于正压状态；窑内温度从910℃至1120℃，升温速率1.8℃/min，此过程中窑内处于负压状态；窑内温度从1120℃至1270℃，升温速率4℃/min保温40min，此过程中窑内处于正压状态；最后窑炉熄火，自然冷却至室温。

Claims (1)

1.一种中温长石质骨瓷的制备方法，采用矿物原料及化工原料, 其坯料和釉料配方的重量百分比组成为：
坯料：湖南钠长石21%、江西钾长石9%、广东洗泥17%、江西洗泥18%、贺州原矿12%、河北增塑泥4%、龙岩原矿12%、钛白粉2%、骨灰2%、钼酸铵1%、氧化铈1%；
釉料：湖南钠长石23%、江西钾长石20%、平江石英18%、烧滑石10%、烧龙岩土7%、烧氧化锌3%、贵州土6%、方解石13%；
经过坯料和釉料制备、成型、施釉、干燥、中温烧成获得制品，其烧成时间为7h，最高烧成温度为1270℃；
所述釉料原料中烧滑石、烧龙岩土、烧氧化锌的煅烧温度为1320℃；
所述坯料制备工序为：按坯料配方称量原料混合均匀，然后装入球磨设备内按料：球：水=1:1.5:1的比例球磨15小时，泥浆出磨细度为250目，筛余0.1%，出磨泥浆分别过120目、180目、200目筛3次除铁，然后陈腐7天以上，再真空练泥3次待用；
所述釉料制备工序为：按釉料配方称量原料混合均匀，然后装入球磨设备内按料：球：水=1:2:0.5的比例球磨22小时，釉浆出磨细度为250目，万孔筛余0.01%，出磨釉浆分别过180目、200目、250目筛3次除铁后备用；
所述施釉工序为：所述釉浆浓度控制为50°Bé，在含水率为2%以下坯体上先喷内釉，然后浸外釉，所述坯体施外釉前需再次进烘房干燥4小时；
所述获得制品的热稳定性为180～20℃，一次未裂；获得制品的吸水率为0.2%，釉面光泽度为85；
所述中温烧成过程中采用正负压交叉烧制工艺，其烧成制度为：室温至910℃，升温速率4℃/min，并在910℃保温20 min，此过程中窑内处于正压状态；窑内温度从910℃至1120℃，升温速率1.8℃/min，此过程中窑内处于负压状态；窑内温度从1120℃至1270℃，升温速率4℃/min保温40min，此过程中窑内处于正压状态；最后窑炉熄火，自然冷却至室温；
广东洗泥的化学组成按重量百分比％为：SiO250.52、Al2O332.95、Fe2O30.02、TiO20、CaO0.16、MgO0.44、K2O3.83、Na2O0.26、IL11.66；
江西洗泥的化学组成按重量百分比％为：SiO251.52、Al2O333.09、Fe2O30.19、TiO20、CaO0.09、MgO0.58、K2O2.67、Na2O0.2、IL11.5；
湖南钠长石的化学组成按重量百分比％为：SiO270.13、Al2O317.73、Fe2O30.02、TiO20、CaO0.29、MgO0.09、K2O0.47、Na2O10.78、IL0.34；
龙岩原矿的化学组成按重量百分比％为：SiO276.35、Al2O314.94、Fe2O30.1、TiO20、CaO0.13、MgO0.07、K2O4.02、Na2O0.89、IL3.43；
江西钾长石的化学组成按重量百分比％为：SiO266.18、Al2O317.2、Fe2O30.21、TiO20、CaO0.84、MgO0.37、K2O10.4、Na2O3.6、IL0.81；
贺州原矿的化学组成按重量百分比％为：SiO283、Al2O311.91、Fe2O30.07、TiO20、CaO0.04、MgO0.14、K2O3、Na2O0、IL1.75；
河北增塑泥的化学组成按重量百分比％为：SiO252、Al2O331.56、Fe2O30.24、TiO20、CaO0.36、MgO0.35、K2O0.35、Na2O0.65、IL14.3；
平江石英的化学组成按重量百分比％为：SiO299、Al2O30.1、Fe2O30、TiO20、CaO0、MgO0、K2O0.1、Na2O0.1、IL0.2；
贵州土的化学组成按重量百分比％为：SiO244.6、Al2O337.1、Fe2O30.4、TiO20、CaO1.1、MgO0.6、K2O0.3、Na2O0.2、IL15.3；
烧龙岩土的化学组成按重量百分比％为：SiO255.7、Al2O337.4、Fe2O30.18、TiO20、CaO1.2、MgO1.1、K2O2.7、Na2O0.9、IL0；
烧滑石的化学组成按重量百分比％为：SiO262.17、Al2O30.61、Fe2O30.02、TiO20、CaO3.42、MgO32.88、K2O0.09、Na2O0.35、IL0。
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