CN107042666A - 具有粘附剂的弹性织物 - Google Patents

具有粘附剂的弹性织物 Download PDF

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CN107042666A
CN107042666A CN201710164851.3A CN201710164851A CN107042666A CN 107042666 A CN107042666 A CN 107042666A CN 201710164851 A CN201710164851 A CN 201710164851A CN 107042666 A CN107042666 A CN 107042666A
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fabric
product
layer
adhesive
stockinette
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T.廖
C.A.卡夫利
H.刘
D.K.法默
F.C.怀恩加
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Invista Technologies SARL Switzerland
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明包括包含多个层的弹性层压材料制品。这包括一种包含基于织物重量约50%重量至100%重量弹性纤维的弹力织物，包括包含100%重量弹性纤维和至少一种粘附剂的织物。

Description

具有粘附剂的弹性织物
本申请是申请日为2010年11月5日，申请号为201080051825.6，发明名称为“具有粘附剂的弹性织物”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请交叉引用
本申请要求2009年11月16提交的美国临时申请61/261594的优先权益。
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及一种包括弹性体织物的制品，所述弹性体织物主要包括与粘附剂组合的弹性体纤维。在粘附剂涂在弹性体织物上时，制品基本为弹性薄膜。制品可接合或附着到可任选为弹性织物的其它织物上。本发明还包括制造制品的方法。
相关技术概述
不同聚合物，如聚酰胺、聚烯烃和聚氨酯(包括聚氨酯-脲)可作为粘附剂用于各种基体(包括织物)。薄膜的实例包括热塑性聚氨酯、聚酰胺和聚烯烃薄膜(购自BemisAssociates，Shirley，MA)。从含水聚氨酯分散体流延和干燥的聚氨酯薄膜的实例公开于美国专利7,240,371和美国专利申请公布2008/0004395A1，这两个专利全文通过引用结合到本文中。
传统粘附剂不透气。在用粘附剂薄膜接合的区域内，衣物不透气，使此衣物的穿着者感觉热和不舒服。为了得到足够强度和接合力，很多薄膜用更大厚度制成，这可得到不利硬且粗糙的织物和衣物。
在衣物中接合的薄膜的耐洗涤性对要经受重复家庭和/或工业洗涤的衣物来说是个问题。目前，为了得到耐用接合，高接合温度和长时间是必要的。
发明概述
一些方面的可接合弹性薄膜可降低接合温度，并减少接合时间。这转化成减少能量，减少制造时间，并减小损伤精细织物的可能性。
一些方面的制品包含至少一种热活化粘附剂(如粘附剂聚合物)和弹性织物，弹性织物包含基于织物重量约50%重量或更大弹性体纤维，包括最高约100%重量弹性体纤维。弹性织物提供极佳的回复力和形状保持能力，而粘附剂提供强接合力。粘附剂选自聚氨酯、聚烯烃、聚酰胺、聚酯及其组合。弹性织物加到薄膜允许增加薄膜的强度和柔软度。织物/粘附剂制品也可提供薄膜以其它方式不能达到的透气性。
弹性织物与粘附剂的组合使粘附剂的伸展和回复性能变得不重要，因此加宽选择适合粘附剂的选项。这是由于与提供回复力和粘附性两者的常规薄膜比较改善弹性织物的回复力。因此，一些方面的制品提供具有高回复力的高品质粘附薄膜，并且可产生高粘附力。由于弹性织物内纤维间的很多孔洞，可较容易地转换结合热。可用较高效率、低温、较短时间和对织物的较小损伤接合织物。
另一方面，制品包括包含基于织物重量约50%重量至约100%重量弹性体纤维的弹性织物，例如没有伴随纤维的100%重量弹性体纤维。织物可具有选自纬编针织物(如圆筒形针织物)、经编针织物和非织造物的结构。
在另一个实施方案中，本发明为一种制造基体的方法，所述方法包括：
(a)具有100%弹性纤维的织物，易熔纤维作为选项；
(b)将粘附剂聚合物加到织物上，以形成粘附薄膜；
(c)使粘附薄膜与衣物织物接合。
发明详述
一般用弹性体纤维在织物和衣物中提供伸展和弹性回复。“弹性体纤维”为没有稀释剂的不依赖任何卷曲具有超过100%断裂伸长的连续长丝(任选聚结复丝)或多根长丝。在(1)伸展到其长度两倍；(2)保持1分钟；和(3)释放时，弹性体纤维在释放的1分钟内缩回到其初始长度的小于1.5倍。如本说明书中所用，“弹性体纤维”意指至少一种弹性体纤维或长丝。此弹性体纤维包括但不限于橡胶长丝、双组分长丝(可基于橡胶、聚氨酯等)、lastol和斯潘德克斯。在整个说明书中，所用术语“弹性体”和“弹性”互换使用。
“斯潘德克斯”是一种制造长丝，其中形成长丝的物质为包含至少85%重量分段聚氨酯的长链合成聚合物。
“弹性酯”是一种制造长丝，其中形成纤维的物质为由至少50%重量脂族聚醚和至少35%重量聚酯组成的长链合成聚合物。虽然不是弹性体，但可在一些织物中包含弹性酯。
“双组分长丝”是包含沿着长丝长度相互结合的至少两种聚合物的连续长丝，各聚合物属于不同种类，例如弹性体聚醚酰胺芯和具有叶片或翼的聚酰胺皮。双组分聚氨酯(或斯潘德克斯)纤维/长丝的实例公开于2009年10月12提交的PCT/US09/60370，所述专利全文通过引用结合到本文中。
“Lastol”是一种具有低但显著结晶度的交联合成聚合物的纤维，由至少95%重量乙烯和至少一种其它烯烃单元组成。这种纤维有弹性，并且实质上耐热。
“包缠”弹性体纤维为由硬纱包围、与硬纱缠绕或与硬纱互相混合的纤维。包含弹性体纤维和硬纱的包缠纱在本说明书也被称为“复合纱”。硬纱包缠用于保护织造过程中弹性体纤维不受磨损。这种磨损可导致弹性体纤维断开，随之发生过程中断和不希望的织物不均匀性。另外，包缠帮助稳定弹性体纤维弹性，以便能够在织造过程期间比利用裸弹性体纤维更均匀地控制复合纱伸长。在整个说明书中，术语“弹性芯纱”、“弹性芯线”、“芯线”、“复合纱”、“芯纱”和“复合弹性芯纱”全部互换使用。
复合纱包括：(a)用硬纱单包缠弹性体纤维；(b)用硬纱双包缠弹性体纤维；(c)用短纤维连续包缠(即，包芯纺纱)弹性体纤维，随后在卷绕期间缠绕；(d)用喷气嘴使弹性体和硬纱互相混合和缠结；并且(e)使弹性体纤维和硬纱缠绕在一起。
“压缩”或“被压缩的”是指已经过加热和/或压力以提供基本平结构的制品。
“分散体”是指其中分散相由精细颗粒组成并且连续相可以为液体、固体或气体的系统。
“含水聚氨酯分散体”是指一种已分散于含水介质(如水，包括去离子水)的组合物，所述组合物包含至少一种聚氨酯或聚氨酯-脲聚合物或预聚物(如本文所述的聚氨酯预聚物)，任选包含溶剂。
除非另外指明，“溶剂”是指非水介质，其中非水介质包括有机溶剂，包括挥发性有机溶剂(如丙酮)和略小挥发性有机溶剂(如MEK或NMP)。
“无溶剂”或“无溶剂系统”是指其中组合物或经分散组分的本体未溶于或分散于溶剂的组合物或分散体。
“模塑”制品是指响应加热和/或加压改变制品或成形制品形状的产物。
在一些实施方案中，本发明为多层制品，所述制品包括至少一层具有约50%至100%弹性体纤维的弹力织物，弹性体纤维可以为单一弹性体纤维或不同弹性体纤维的组合，例如斯潘德克斯和橡胶纤维或斯潘德克斯和lastol纤维。弹性体纤维可以基于织物重量约50%重量至约100%重量存在，包括包含约70%至100%、约80%至100%、约90%至100%和95%至100%的织物(其中各百分数为基于织物总重量弹性体纤维的存在)。
织物可只包含弹性体纤维，即100%弹性体。或者，织物中的弹性体纤维可与一种或多种伴随纱组合。在弹性织物包括一种或多种伴随纱(除弹性体纤维外)时，伴随纱可以为显示较小伸展/回复的硬纱或弹性纤维。硬纱的实例包括由天然和合成纤维制成的纱。适合天然纤维可以为棉或其它纤维素纤维、丝或羊毛等。合成纤维尤其包括尼龙、聚酯。也可包括不同纤维的混合物(混合物可包括不同天然纤维、不同合成纤维或两者)。
弹性纤维的实例包括聚酯双组分纤维(可得自INVISTA, Wichita, KS，作为LYCRA®T400®纤维)、lastol、橡胶和聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)。这些织物可包括具有硬纱的弹性体纤维。或者，织物可包括具有另一种弹性纱的弹性体纱。
“织物”是指针织、织造或非织造材料。针织织物可以为平针织物、圆筒形针织物、经编针织物、窄幅弹力织物和网眼织物。织造织物可以为例如缎纹组织、斜纹组织、平纹组织、牛津组织(oxford weave)、方平组织和窄幅弹力织物的任何结构。非织造材料可以为熔喷、纺粘、湿法成网、基于粗梳纤维的短纤维网等。
制品也可包含至少一层粘附剂聚合物。粘附剂可以为薄膜、织物、多孔片或分散体形式。它们与弹性纤维均匀粘着。弹性织物邻近或置于粘附剂层之间，并且也可为制品提供伸展和回复、增加的弹性模量、模塑性、形状保持能力和柔韧性。
在一些方面的制品中，可使聚氨酯(包括聚氨酯-脲)分散体或薄膜以外的粘附剂与弹性织物组合。粘附剂的实例包括任何热熔粘附剂、氰基丙烯酸酯、环氧粘附剂、聚乙酸乙烯酯、增塑溶胶(包括橡胶)、热塑性粘附剂(包括聚氨酯、聚酯和聚酰胺)、聚硅氧烷、胶乳聚合物、热固性粘附剂、压敏粘附剂及其组合。
可用粘附剂制备粘附剂/弹性织物复合制品或使复合制品粘附到织物。在复合制品附着到单独的织物或衣物时，可任选包括另外的粘附剂。织物或衣物可包括另一种织物结构，并且可排除弹性体纤维。
粘附剂可包括用于弹性织物/粘附剂复合制品或者在复合制品结合到织物或衣物时的连续或不连续应用。不连续施加粘附剂的实例包括点、垂直线、水平线、对角线、网格及其组合。
在点结构中市售热熔粘附剂的实例以商品名Pinbond®自Freudenberg GygliGmbH，Weinheim，Germany购得，并用于接合弹性纺织品。另外，弹性织物/粘附剂复合制品也可作为粘附剂粘附多于一层任何衣物或聚氨酯-脲薄膜，如一些方面中所述。
多种不同的纤维和纱可用于一些方面的织物和衣物。这些包括棉、羊毛、丙烯酸类、聚酰胺(尼龙)、聚酯、斯潘德克斯、再生纤维素、橡胶(天然或合成)、竹、丝、豆或其组合。另外的织物层可附着/接合等到弹性织物上。
可通过任何适合方法使这些制品形成织物和/或衣物。复合制品中的粘附可为附着形式，但也可使用接合或缝纫。
分析方法
在以下实施例中使用以下分析方法。
粘附剂接合剥离强度
为了试验薄膜层压织物，改进ASTM D903-93，其全部公开内容通过引用结合到本文中。试验所用样品尺寸为1英寸×6英寸(2.5cm×15mm)。分离速率为2英寸/分钟(5厘米/分钟)。数据作为磅力/英寸样品宽度(千克/毫米)报告，如表中所示。
实施例
下表描述在一些方面所述的一些适合弹性织物/粘附剂复合制品。“LYCRA® 类型”分类描述用100% LYCRA®纤维制备的各织物使用的LYCRA®纤维(购自INVSITA,Wichita, KS)。LYCRA®分散体是指用以制备LYCRA® 2.0带和薄膜(购自INVSITA,Wichita, KS)的分散体。

Claims (13)

1.一种包括多层制品的织物或衣物，所述多层制品包含：
(a) 至少一层弹力织物，所述弹力织物包含基于织物重量95重量%-100重量%的弹性纤维，和
(b)至少一层粘附剂，将所述粘附剂加到弹力织物层上且粘附剂层和弹力织物层均匀粘着，使得所述弹力织物为粘附薄膜，
其中所述粘附剂为热熔点胶或其中所述粘附剂为聚氨酯-脲含水分散体或不含溶剂。
2.一种包括多层制品的织物或衣物，所述多层制品包含：
(a) 至少一层弹力织物，所述弹力织物包含基于织物重量95重量%-100重量%的弹性纤维，和
(b)至少一层粘附剂，将所述粘附剂加到弹力织物层上且粘附剂层和弹力织物层均匀粘着，使得所述弹力织物为粘附薄膜，
其中所述粘附剂为热熔聚合物与含水聚氨酯-脲分散体的混合物。
3.权利要求1的织物或衣物，其中所述弹力织物为织造或非织造织物。
4.权利要求1的织物或衣物，其中所述弹力织物为圆筒形针织物或经编针织物。
5.权利要求1的织物或衣物，其中所述弹性纤维为斯潘德克斯。
6.权利要求1的织物或衣物，其中弹力织物由一种或多种弹性纤维组成。
7.一种包括多层的制品，包含：
(a)至少两层；和
(b)至少一个权利要求1的制品。
8.权利要求7的制品，其中所述至少两层选自(a)两个织物层；(b)两个泡沫层；(c)织物层和泡沫层；及其组合。
9.权利要求8的制品，其中权利要求8的制品经模塑。
10.权利要求8的制品，其中权利要求8的制品经压缩。
11.权利要求8的制品，其中权利要求1的制品在多层制品的整个区域延伸。
12.权利要求8的制品，其中权利要求1的制品延伸到多层制品的部分区域。
13.一种制造权利要求1的织物或衣物的方法。
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