CN107027342A - 具有用于多个网络接口的多rf无线电支持的网络范围扩展器 - Google Patents

具有用于多个网络接口的多rf无线电支持的网络范围扩展器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107027342A
CN107027342A CN201580019382.5A CN201580019382A CN107027342A CN 107027342 A CN107027342 A CN 107027342A CN 201580019382 A CN201580019382 A CN 201580019382A CN 107027342 A CN107027342 A CN 107027342A
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China
Prior art keywords
processor
radio device
radio
network
access point
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Pending
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CN201580019382.5A
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English (en)
Inventor
J·阿里考特
P·B·拉斯庞德
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Safe Section's Fire-Fighting And Safe Corp
Tyco Fire and Security GmbH
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Safe Section's Fire-Fighting And Safe Corp
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Publication of CN107027342A publication Critical patent/CN107027342A/zh
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Abstract

用于管理物理入侵探测/报警的联网系统，其包括端节点的网络，例如包括用于感测物理条件的一个或多个受限传感器节点之内的传感器节点，以及为受限的传感器节点提供网络连接的网关。该系统还包括用于将一个或多个受限的传感器节点连接到网关的范围扩展器，其中范围扩展器包括第一无线电装置和第二无线电装置和对应的处理器，以便无线地与网关和受限的节点进行通信。

Description

具有用于多个网络接口的多RF无线电支持的网络范围扩展器
优先权保护
本申请根据35U.S.C.§119(e)要求于2014年4月2日提交且标题为“WirelessSensor Network”的临时美国专利申请61/973,962和于2014年2月28日提交且标题为“Wireless Sensor Network”的临时美国专利申请61/946,054以及于2014年8月20日提交且标题为“Network Range Extender with Multi-RF Radio Support for Plurality ofNetwork Interfaces”的实用美国专利申请14/463,980的优先权，这些申请的全部内容通过引用被结合于此。
背景技术
本描述涉及特定入侵系统中是无线的并且包括范围扩展器的网络安全系统的操作。
具有基于远程服务器监视和报告生成的基于无线传感器网络/无线设备的数据收集系统在诸如家庭安全监控、电和水公用事业仪表监控以及人力和资产跟踪的应用中变得越来越常见。例如，对于企业和房主来说，具有用于探测在其处所的报警状况并且向安全系统的监控站或者授权用户发信号通知这种状况的安全系统是常见的。
传统的低功率网络范围扩展器在网络的端节点侧和接入点侧之间多路复用。这种体系架构可以是限制性的，尤其是对于能量采集和电池操作的设备。这种体系架构会是不可预知的并且浪费可用的通信带宽。
发明内容
本文所描述的是用于利用具有分割体系架构的范围扩展器实现的通信系统的技术。在这种分割体系架构中，独立的无线电装置在无线网络上接合到范围扩展器的不同侧，并且一个或多个处理器控制对应的一个或多个无线电装置。在一些实现中，无线电装置可以基于网络部署需求来跨网络通信信道分布(例如，用于能量敏感设备或主电源)。此外，无线电装置/处理器可被配置为承担管理网络中的多个行为。更进一步，本文所描述的是无线电装置之间活动性和参数的通信，以管理网络。
根据一方面，用在包括接入点和端节点的网络中的装置包括无线地与接入点进行通信的第一无线电装置、被编程为控制和处理从第一无线电装置接收的消息的第一处理设备、无线地与端节点进行通信的第二无线电装置，以及被编程为控制和处理从第二无线电装置接收的消息的第二处理设备，并且其中第一处理设备和第二处理设备被配置为改变第一无线电装置和第二无线电装置以及第一处理器和第二处理器被配置为与哪个端节点和接入点进行通信。
各方面包括网络范围扩展器，包括无线地与接入点通信的第一无线电装置、耦合到射频(rf)输入和第一无线电装置的输出的第一天线元件、被编程为控制和处理从第一无线电装置接收的消息的第一处理设备、无线地与端节点通信的第二无线电装置、耦合到射频(rf)输入和第二无线电装置的输出的第二天线元件，以及被编程为控制和处理从第二无线电装置接收的消息的第二处理设备。
各方面还包括联网的探测系统，包括传感器网络、提供网络连接以将一个或多个传感器设备连接到网络的网关，以及用于将一个或多个传感器设备连接到网关的范围扩展器，范围扩展器包括无线地与接入点进行通信的第一无线电装置、被编程为控制和处理从第一无线电装置接收的消息的第一处理设备、无线地与端节点进行通信的第二无线电装置，以及被编程为控制和处理从第二无线电装置接收的消息的第二处理设备。
一个或多个优点可以由一个或多个方面来提供。
该体系架构具有多个无线电装置管理射频(RF)频带，其中无线电装置可以协调操作。例如，无线电装置可以联系(例如，ping)通信信道，其后开始经那个信道与端节点进行通信。那个无线电装置/处理器可以通知在范围扩展器那一侧的任何其它无线电装置它在频带内是活跃的，这会导致其它无线电装置改变它们的信道扫描过程。范围扩展器能够支持到端节点的不同协议，同时对连接到网关的接入点提供单个接口。可用的无线电装置处理器组合允许对端节点操作的监视。在一些实现中，接入点可以作为翻译器操作并且为接入点协议提供代理。
本发明的一个或多个实施例的细节在附图和以下描述中阐述。本发明的其它特征、目的以及优点从描述和附图以及从权利要求书是显而易见的。
附图说明
图1是示例性联网安全系统的示意图。
图1A和1B分别示出了示例性数据帧和PHY数据包和6LoWPAN网格类型和标题。
图2是网络的框图，它可以是图1的网络并且包括具有用于与端节点通信的第一无线电装置和处理器以及用于与接入点通信的第二无线电装置和处理器的示例性范围扩展器。
图3是具有用于与端节点通信的第一无线电装置和处理器以及用于与接入点通信的第二无线电装置和处理器的示例范围扩展器的框图。
图4是示出通过调制生成的频谱的例子的曲线图。
图5是示出频率带宽的例子的曲线图。
图6是具有用于由范围扩展器使用的、到多个接入点的多个通信信道的无线电装置和处理器的示例范围扩展器的框图。
图7是具有用于由范围扩展器使用的、到多个端节点的多个通信信道的无线电装置和处理器的示例范围扩展器的框图。
图8是具有用于由范围扩展器使用的、到多个端节点的多个通信信道的无线电装置和处理器的示例范围扩展器过程的流程图。
图9是示例联网安全系统的部件的框图。
具体实施方式
本文所描述的是可以在各种背景下使用的网络特征的例子，包括但不限于，安全/入侵和报警系统。示例安全系统可以包括被电或无线地连接到各种传感器的入侵探测面板。那些传感器类型可以包括运动探测器、相机和接近传感器(例如，用来确定门或窗是否已经被打开)。通常，这种系统从这些传感器当中的一个或多个传感器接收相对简单的信号(电气开或关)，以指示被监控的特定状况已经改变或变得不安全。
例如，典型的入侵系统可被设置为监控建筑物中的入口门。当门是安全的时候，接近传感器感测到磁性接触并产生电关闭电路。当门被打开时，接近传感器打开电路，并向面板发送指示报警状况已发生(例如，打开的入口门)的信号。
数据收集系统在一些应用，诸如家庭安全监控，当中变得越来越普遍。数据收集系统采用无线传感器网络和无线设备，并且可以包括基于远程服务器的监控和报告生成。如下面更详细描述的，无线传感器网络一般使用计算设备之间的有线和无线链路的组合，无线链路通常用于最低级的连接(例如，端节点设备到集线器/网关)。在示例网络中，网络的边缘(无线连接的)层由具有特定功能的资源受限设备组成。这些设备可以具有小至中等数量的处理能力和存储器：并且可以是电池供电的，因此要求它们通过将大量时间花费在睡眠模式下来节省能源。典型的模式是边缘设备通常形成单个无线网络，其中在该单个无线网络中每个端节点以集线器和辐条式体系架构直接与其父节点通信。父节点可以是，例如，网关上的接入点或子协调器，其又连接到接入点或另一个子协调器。
现在参考图1，示出了用于无线传感器网络(WSN)的示例性(全局)分布式网络10拓扑。在图1中，分布式网络10被逻辑地划分成层或分层级别的集合12a-12c。
在网络的上层或分层级别12a中部署若干服务器和/或运行“云计算”范例的虚拟服务器14，这些服务器利用良好建立的联网技术，诸如互联网协议联网到一起，或者可以是不使用互联网或使用互联网的部分的私有网络。在那些服务器14上运行的应用利用各种协议通信，诸如对于web互联网网络的XML/SOAP、RESTful的Web服务，以及诸如HTTP和ATOM的其它应用层技术。分布式网络10在设备(节点)之间具有直接链路，如以下示出和讨论的。
分布式网络10包括第二逻辑划分层或分层级别12b，在本文被称为涉及定位于各个建筑物和结构中的中心、方便位置处的网关16的中间层。这些网关16利用web编程技术与上层中的服务器14通信，不管服务器是独立专用服务器和/或运行云应用的基于云的服务器。中间层网关16还被示为既具有局域网17a(例如，以太网或802.11)又具有蜂窝网络接口17b。
分布式网络拓扑还包括下层(边缘层)12c设备集合，其涉及全功能传感器节点18(例如，包括无线设备的传感器节点，例如收发器或者至少发送器，这在图1中标记为“F”)以及受限的无线传感器节点或传感器端节点20(在图1中标记为“C”)。在一些实施例中，在分布式网络10的各方面中，有线传感器(未示出)可以被包括。
如本文所使用的受限的计算设备20是比探测系统中其它计算设备、传感器具有基本上更少持久和非易失性存储器的设备。目前受限的设备的例子将是那些具有小于大约一兆字节闪存/持久性存储器以及小于10-20千字节RAM/易失性存储器的设备。这些受限的设备20以这种方式进行配置；一般是由于成本/物理配置的考虑。
在典型的网络中，网络的边缘(无线连接的)层由具有特殊功能的高度资源受限的设备组成。这些设备具有小至中等数量的处理能力和存储器，并且常常是电池供电的，因此要求它们通过将大量时间花费在睡眠模式下来节省能源。典型的模式是边缘设备通常形成单个无线网络，其中在该单个无线网络中每个端节点以集线器和辐条式体系架构直接与其父节点通信。父节点可以是，例如，网关上的接入点或子协调器，其又连接到接入点或另一个子协调器。
每个网关配备有物理地附连到那个接入点并且提供到无线网络中的其它节点的无线连接点的接入点(全功能节点或“F”节点)。图1中所示的链路(由未编号的线示出)表示设备之间的直接(单跳网络层)连接。(在图1中所示的三层中每一层起作用的)正式联网层使用一系列这些直接链路，连同路由设备一起，经网络从一个设备向另一个设备发送消息(分段或不分段的)。
WSN 10对在下层设备18和20上运行的应用层实现状态机方法。以下讨论的是这种方法的特定实现的例子。状态机中的状态由协调执行的函数集合组成，并且这些函数可以被独立地删除或替代或添加，以更改特定下层设备的状态机中的状态。
基于WSN状态函数的应用层使用允许各个函数的加载和执行(在设备引导之后)而无需重新引导该设备(所谓的“动态编程”)的边缘设备操作系统(未示出，但诸如在上面提到的临时申请中所公开的)。在其它实现中，边缘设备可以使用其它操作系统，假定这种系统允许优选地无需边缘设备的重新引导就启动各个函数的加载和执行(在设备引导之后)。
下面描述的是具有多RF无线电装置支持的网络范围扩展器。范围扩展器在网状网络中已被实现为中继器或子协调器。因而，在本描述中，术语“范围扩展器”包括，但不限于，网状网络中的中继器和协调器/子协调器。网状网络可以由形成自修复网络的各种范围扩展器实现。如果到网络节点的路径被中断，则自修复网络重新路由网络路径。低功耗网络和传感器网络(图1)可以使用具有一个无线电装置和一个处理器的范围扩展器。这种标准的范围扩展器可以多路复用到范围扩展器服务于其的网络的接入点和端节点的无线通信。
即，范围扩展器包括单个无线电装置，该单个无线电装置由单个处理器管理并被编程为按时间多路复用其操作以支持两个接口–一个到端节点和一个到接入点。这种支持包括，但不限于，频率捷变/跳频和选择、协议管理和控制、消息存储和转发，以及管理协议状态和环境功能。端节点的例子是作为网络上的终止点的传感器设备。接入点的例子是其它设备可以通过其在网络上进行通信的基站等等。
在一些情况下，网络使用性能和存储器受限的处理器，以实现低成本。与在手机和其它通信设备中使用的处理器类型相比，这些处理器可以显著受限。低功耗/低能量网络还可以包括在某个时间段睡眠(例如，进入低功耗状态)的电池操作或能量采集设备。根据单处理器范围扩展器技术，管理多个无线接口和RF协议会消耗可用的处理器带宽和存储器。而且，网络操作会由于必须多路复用和管理两个无线接口而被减慢。由于接口的一侧必须等待另一侧完成其操作，性能也可能会遭受损害。
具有多个处理器和多个无线电装置的体系架构已被用来实现协议转换以及频率和协议变换，并将局域网(LAN)扩充成广域网(WAN)(例如，用于WAN的蜂窝调制解调器)。下面描述的方法使得能够在相同的频带上操作并且使用相同的标准协议，诸如IEEE802.15.4，并且在其端节点侧和接入点侧中的每一个包括一个或多个无线电装置和对应于对每一侧的每个无线电装置的一个或多个处理器的范围扩展器中实现。范围扩展器可以是具有功率敏感设备，包括但不限于执行电池采集或能量采集的设备的网络的一部分。
本文所描述的示例硬件体系架构可以允许软件过程利用硬件的灵活性(多个无线电装置和处理器)来启用利用受限的端节点设备的操作。一般而言，软件过程，诸如用于传感器网络的那些软件过程，可以类似于用于移动通信(GSM)单元调制解调器体系架构的全球系统，其中多个控制信道被使用并且移动设备被管理和专用于通过控制信道的使用从空闲状态的操作。多个控制信道和通信信道对移动设备通信的分配的概念也可应用到这些低功率传感器网络。
在这方面，在传统的方法中，端节点可以去一个信道并等待控制源服务于那个信道。作为替代，端节点可以去控制信道之一，然后等待控制源服务于一个或多个控制信道的可用性。控制源宣布哪个信道将成为下一个活跃的命令信道。当节点在收听控制信道时，这会导致延迟。此外，一个或多个设备可以苏醒并需要被服务。所有这些设备将去控制信道之一，但是控制信道越多，到达收听节点所花的时间越长。而且，收听控制信道的设备将转到下一个通信信道，如果多个设备尝试同时访问，则这会导致冲突。
在单个单无线电装置/处理器范围扩展器的情况下，端节点可能需要等待，直到处理器完成其当前操作并去往控制信道之一，以宣布哪个通信信道将被使用，类似于GSM单元调制解调器。802.15.4物理(PHY)层允许每个数据包最大127字节，包括有效载荷。
现在参考图1A，示出了802.15.4数据包的例子。802.15.4数据包是指IEEE标准802.15.4，它指定用于低速率无线个人区域网络(LR-WPAN)的物理层和介质访问控制。该标准由IEEE 802.15工作组维护。数据包包含用于消息的点到点传送的地址字段。具有6LoWPAN(低功率IPv6工作组)、UDP(用户数据报协议)和其它协议的802.15.4数据包在数据包中发送大约100字节或更少。如果包括前同步码和同步的射频(RF)需求，则数据包大于127字节。对于250KHz处的具有27字节开销的100字节，大约0.5毫秒在传输中被使用。发送确认数据包和处理信息的周转时间增加了附加的时间。因此大约一毫秒可以在与端节点的通信周期中使用。几个字节的传输会花费更少的时间，估计大约为0.7ms，因为处理开销和消息确认(ACK)仍然存在。
通常，停留时间被用来服务多个设备。通信信道上典型的停留时间可以是10ms或更多，因此收听控制信道的端节点可以为了服务而等待10ms或更长。如果多个宣布在多个控制信道内进行，则等待增加。在信道上进行通信之后，接入点或范围扩展器可以以不同的方式宣布其下一个通信信道。但是，时间都花在跳频和宣布下一个通信信道上。
现在参考图1B，示出了6LoWPAN网状类型报头的例子。当端节点向接入点发送消息时，相同的操作发生。例如，范围扩展器从接入点接收消息并使用其路由协议和路由表沿着到其最终目的地，端节点，的路径将消息转发到下一个节点。从范围扩展器路由表，范围扩展器可以使用最终目的地、下一跳位置(对于那个目的地)以及估计的到达最终目的地的跳数。如果最终目的地和下一跳位置相同，则估计的跳数为零并且到达端节点。
本文所描述的方法确定适合从电池或能量采集元件供电的电力敏感设备的多无线电装置体系架构。在一些实现中，仅有效载荷和路由信息从接入点侧发送到在范围扩展器的端节点侧上的扫描无线电装置。范围扩展器的每一侧可以独立地操作，甚至具有不同的PHY协议或操作频率。在一些实现中，单个无线电装置可以一次仅与单个设备进行通信。对于单个RF信道，如果一个以上的设备寻求与接入点进行通信，则设备可能必须轮流。
当利用单个无线电装置服务于无线网络的双侧时，协议挑战会发生，并且必须调度消息传送或管理苏醒的节点，就像在低成本/低功率无线网络中那样。除了已经描述过的网络功能，范围扩展器或接入点可能需要与对应的接入点维持同步。
所描述的是分割体系架构，其中独立的无线电装置接口到无线网络的每一侧并且一个或多个处理器控制对应的一个或多个无线电装置。示例实现可以包括使用数字调制，数字调制允许网络通过不需要跳频或使用预定义数目的信道来管理其信道规划。如下面所讨论的数字调制可被用来管理信道使用情况和对苏醒的节点的响应。
在一些情况下，本文所描述的过程可以改善苏醒以发送或收听信息的睡眠设备的识别速度。在一些网络中，接入点仅与范围扩展器或与端节点进行通信。当节点与范围扩展器关联并且范围扩展器与接入点关联时，为了让接入点到达端节点，接入点向范围扩展器发送其消息，并且范围扩展器使用路由协议将消息发送到端节点。关于范围扩展器(跳)接下来要将接入点消息发送到哪里的信息由6LoWPAN有效载荷中的信息来确定。
现在参考图2，示出了包括具有端节点、范围扩展器和接入点的网络41的示例体系架构40。该网络可以是包括无线端节点的任何网络并且尤其可以是图1中所示的WSN网络10。一般而言，网络40包括多个端节点(一个端节点42在图2中示出)，一个或多个范围扩展器(一个范围扩展器44在图2中示出)，和一个或多个接入点(一个接入点46在图2中示出)。每个端节点，例如端节点42，和接入点，例如接入点46，包括用于信号的发送/接收的对应天线42a、46a。每个范围扩展器，例如范围扩展器44，还包括分别用于信号在端节点42和接入点46之间的发送/接收的一对天线44a、44b。因此，在图2中，端节点42经由天线42a和44a发送/接收信号并且接入点46经由天线44b和46a接收/发送信号。接入点46耦合到网关48，网关48耦合到网络40。
现在参考图3，示例范围扩展器44包括用于与端节点42(图2)通信的端节点无线电装置52和端节点处理器53以及单独用于与接入点46(图2)通信的接入点无线电装置56和接入点处理器57。处理器53、57控制相应的无线电装置52、56。处理器53、57参与用于在处理器53、57之间通信的过程，其中来自网络一侧(例如，接入点侧)的无线消息被处理器57恢复和处理并被传送到网络另一侧(例如，端节点侧)上的处理器53。消息传送可以利用直接存储器存取(DMA)或其它传送方法在处理器53、57之间发生。每个处理器53、57管理其在它连接到的无线接口的一侧(接入点或端节点)的无线通信。处理器支持包括，但不限于，频率捷变/跳频和选择、协议管理和控制、消息存储和转发，以及管理协议状态和环境功能。
在网络的不同侧(例如，端节点侧和接入点侧)上的处理器53、57也可以交换任何适当的调谐参数，在一些实现中，这可以提高网络性能。这可以包括，但不限于，维持正交频率传输中的频率使用情况、与端节点进行通信，以及其它操作条件，诸如传送操作的健康和状态的统计信息。
在范围扩展器44的其它实现中，可以有一个以上端节点无线电装置和/或一个以上端节点处理器用于与一个或多个端节点进行通信，以及一个以上接入点无线电装置和/或一个以上接入点处理器用于单独与一个或多个接入点进行通信。
在范围扩展器44中，网络每一侧的独特性，以及它如何在范围扩展器44中被划分，允许对到接入点的接口的跟踪，以及端节点的跟踪。范围扩展器44去除了错过接入点消息的风险，因为范围扩展器44管理网络的另一侧并且反之亦然。
而在图3中，单独的端节点和接入点处理器53和57被使用，在一些实现中，单个多核处理器可以被使用，其中一个或多个核专用于与端节点42关联的操作并且一个或多个不同核专用于与接入点46关联的操作。让范围扩展器44在单个频带内支持多个无线协议也是可行的。这可以通过让每个单独的处理器53、57管理协议和无线电装置接口来完成。而且，更高性能的多核处理器可被用来管理单侧的多个无线电装置。
在受限网络，例如包括受限设备的网络，中使用的范围扩展器，如图1中所讨论的，有多路复用来自接入点的信息的一个无线电装置并且同一个无线电装置将信息重新发送到端节点。但是，这种方法要求使用同步过程(例如，精确的定时器和在网络每一侧的操作的结束)，并且会影响信息传送发生的速率。图3的范围扩展器44解耦两侧，即，端节点和接入点侧，之间的操作，使得不需要利用单个无线电装置多路复用网络通信。信道使用情况和其它参数被管理，使得两个无线电装置不同时在相同的信道上操作。
对于北美的操作，示例实现使用占据500KHz的6dB带宽的宽调制。FCC允许用于宽数字调制的单信道操作。这种调制带宽可以以各种方式获得，即使数据速率本身不是250KHz。这种调制允许无线电装置53留在一个信道上并与端节点42通信。不同的无线电装置57可以同时在不同的信道中与接入点46通信。经RF信道数字发送的数据被称为数字调制。由无线电装置使用的RF频率在本文被称为信道。频率以某种方式受被发送的数据的影响。通常在通信中使用的调制技术的例子包括调幅(AM)、通断键控(OOK)、频移键控(FSK)、相移键控(PSK)，和正交幅度调制(QAM)。也可以使用其它的调制技术。一般而言，由频率的调制生成的频谱的特征在于调制的特点。
参考图4，如果调制信号是250KHz并且调制是OOK、PSK或类似的调制技术，则频谱将具有占据500KHz频带的主波瓣，如图所示。
参考图5，占据500KHz 6dB带宽的数字调制也可以利用FSK调制产生，如图所示。FSK调制使用两个频率来表示一或零。频率的差异定义被占据的带宽。如上所述，实际的调制率定义波瓣。本文所描述的实现是例子，并且可以有许多不同类型的实现。
现在参考图6，无线电装置56a、56b和处理器57a、57b连同天线44b-1和44b-2一起为由范围扩展器44'和接入点(未示出)使用的每个信道提供。无线电装置56a、56b收听在任何信道上苏醒的任何节点。节点可以苏醒并立即向范围扩展器44'发送。作为替代，范围扩展器44'可以发送连续的ping并且节点可以在节点苏醒时做出响应。对于具有相对低数目的信道的网络，可以使用这种方法。
在备选实现中，一个或多个处理器可以管理到接入点或到端节点的多个无线电装置。在一些实现中，信道可以基于对快速网络获取的需要进行分配。例如，在图2的范围扩展器44中，一个或多个无线电装置专用于在特定信道上收听电力敏感的节点(电池或采集)，而主线路供电的端节点将利用不同的信道分配进行操作。信道在能量敏感和主线路电力之间交错或者在高和低频带方式之间分割。更多信道可以分配给一个类型的节点。这种类型的体系架构的优点是，主线路电力设备将不阻碍(tie-up)无线电装置并使能量敏感的端节点饥饿(由于不能接入)，如在单处理器体系架构中会发生的。
参考图7，具有处理器(一般表示为53)和天线(未标号)的两个或更多个无线电装置(一般表示为52)可专用于管理能量敏感的节点信道，具有单个接入点处理器56和接入点无线电装置57(和天线)，如图所示。当两个无线电装置52可用时，这两个无线电装置中的一个可以随机地或周期性地服务主电源信道，从而允许能量敏感的节点被更频繁地服务。通过向能量敏感的端节点信道分配更多的无线电装置52，由端节点进行的随机信道选择可以通过减少冲突而允许改进的通信。如同上面的情况，每个信道的无线电装置可以用于电力敏感的设备并用于主电源设备或者无线电装置可以在多个信道之间共享。
多个无线电装置52的使用可以在不同的过程中使用。例如，如果三个无线电装置(未示出)可用于范围扩展器，则每个无线电装置可以由其对应的处理器控制，以基于网络测量、设置或其它标准来改变其被禁的功能。例如，如果其中一个无线电装置与接入点通信，则那个无线电装置可以由其对应的处理器配置，以改变成扫描端节点侧。因此，无线电装置的功能可以从接入点通信改变到端节点侧通信。
现在参考图8，在其中处理器/无线电装置改变功能的示例过程60中，以下操作被执行。用于与接入点通信的无线电装置56的处理器57；识别出62没有数据要发送到接入点。在下一次频率改变中，处理器使64无线电装置改变其功能，以在端节点侧上操作。
功能改变的发生被传送66到网络中的其它无线电装置。除了改变，这种通信还包括接入点将在下一个频率使用的预期的停留时间。在停留时间结束之前，其中一个无线电装置可以改变其个性，以在接入节点侧上通信。
哪个无线电装置/处理器改变其个性可以依赖于哪个无线电装置/处理器在扫描时没有发现端节点。作为替代，在主线路电力信道上完成操作的无线电装置不能启动另一次传送并且，如果与那个无线电装置关联的处理器看到其它无线电装置忙并且停留时间快要到期，则其对应的处理器可以改变无线电装置的功能。
如果所有信道都是能量敏感的，则完成无线数据包的接收的其中一个无线电装置可以通知网络上的其它无线电装置数据包可用于处理以及哪个信道正在被使用。无线电装置/处理器可以将功能改变成接入点通信。
在一段时间内，并且在端节点侧上有一个以上(例如，三个)处理器的情况下，所有处理器都可以在端节点侧是活跃的。具有多个无线电装置的好处是，如果端节点发现信道忙，则端节点可以改变到另一个信道，该信道将具有对应的无线电装置(用于能量敏感的节点的每个信道的无线电装置)。这减少了端节点必须等待以与范围扩展器进行通信的时间。
本文所描述的过程的优点可以特别适用于，但不限于，网络，诸如802.15.4网络。例如，范围扩展器可以实现图3的体系架构并且，因而，可以能够实时地对无线接口两侧(端节点和接入点侧)的事件做出响应。在一些实现中，跟踪网络每一侧的跳频可以被启用，因为来自接入点的消息不会由于服务接口的端节点侧而错过。而且，范围扩展器的端节点侧可以发出消息并收听苏醒的睡眠节点。数字调制可被使用，以满足单信道操作并开发具有多个无线电装置的信道规划。
图9示出了具有关于图1所述的WSN的特征并且具有本文所述的各种功能的安全系统的例子。如图9中所示，关联处理从某些受限节点接收输入(但这些节点也可以是全功能节点)。这些输入可以包括凭证信息和视频信息，并且相关处理可以产生经网络发送的相关结果。背景管理处理从某些受限节点接收输入(但这些节点也可以是全功能节点)，例如，凭证信息以及视频和分组信息，并且对于经网络发送的结果执行背景处理。网络支持紧急出口指示器；紧急摄像头以及分布式规则处理和规则引擎/消息处理的操作。范围扩展器与例如网关一起使用，并且，如图所示，实时定位系统从各种传感器(例如，受限的类型)接收输入。经由云计算配置到WSN的服务器接口以及一些网络的部分可以作为子网来运行。
除了在传感器的范围之内的区域中探测到某物的指示，传感器还提供可被用来评估那个指示是什么的详细附加信息，而无需入侵探测面板对特定传感器的输入执行广泛的分析。
例如，运动探测器可被配置为分析在房间内移动的温暖主体的热签名，以确定该主体是人还是宠物。那个分析的结果将是传达关于探测到的主体的信息的消息或数据。因此，各种传感器被用来以适当的组合感测声音、运动、振动、压力、热、图像等等，以探测在入侵探测面板处的真实或通过验证的报警条件。
辨别软件可被用来区分是人的对象和是动物的对象；进一步的面部辨别软件可以内置到摄像机中并被用来验证周边入侵是识别出的被授权的个体的结果。这种摄像机将包括处理器和存储器和识别软件，以处理由相机(捕获的图像)的输入并产生元数据，以传达关于由摄像机捕获的个体的识别或缺乏识别的信息。处理还可以替代地或另外地包括关于在由摄像机捕获/监控的区域中的个体的特点的信息。因此，依赖于具体情况，信息将是从对到传感器的、给出周边入侵的特点的输入执行增强的分析的增强的运动探测器和摄像机接收到的元数据或者是从寻求建立对象的识别的非常复杂的处理得到的元数据。
传感器设备可以集成多个传感器，以生成更复杂的输出，使得入侵探测面板可以利用其处理能力通过建立环境的虚拟图像或签名以做出关于闯入的有效性的智能决策来执行分析环境的算法。
存储器存储由入侵探测面板的处理器使用的程序指令和数据。存储器可以是随机存取存储器和只读存储器的适当组合，并且可以托管合适的程序指令(例如，固件或操作软件)，以及配置和操作数据并且可以被组织为文件系统或其它。所存储的程序指令可以包括用于认证一个或多个用户的一个或多个认证过程。存储在面板的存储器中的程序指令还可以存储软件组件，从而允许网络通信和到数据网络的连接的建立。软件组件可以，例如，包括互联网协议(IP)栈，以及用于各种接口的驱动程序组件，包括接口和键盘。适于建立连接并跨网络进行通信的其它软件组件对于普通技术人员将是清楚的。
存储在存储器中的程序指令，连同配置数据一起，可以控制面板的整体操作。
监控服务器包括一个或多个处理设备(例如，微处理器)、网络接口和存储器(都未示出)。监控服务器可以物理地采取机架安装卡的形式并且可以与一个或多个操作者终端(未示出)通信。示例监控服务器是SURGARDTM SG-System III Virtual，或类似的系统。
每个监控服务器的处理器充当每个监控服务器的控制器，并且与每个服务器通信并控制每个服务器的整体操作。处理器可以包括存储器，或者与其通信，其中存储器存储处理器可执行指令，从而控制监控服务器的整体操作。合适的软件使每个监控服务器能够接收报警并导致适当的动作发生。软件可以包括合适的互联网协议(IP)栈和应用/客户端。
中央监控站的每个监控服务器可以与IP地址和(一个或多个)端口关联，每个监控服务器通过该IP地址和(一个或多个)端口与控制面板和/或用户设备进行通信，以处理报警事件等。监控服务器地址可以是静态的，并且因此总是对入侵探测面板识别监控服务器中特定的一个。作为替代，动态地址可以被使用，并且与通过域名服务解析的静态域名相关联。
网络接口卡与网络接口，以接收进入的信号，并且可以例如采取以太网网络接口卡(NIC)的形式。服务器可以是计算机、瘦客户端等等，接收到的代表报警事件的数据被传递到该服务器，用于由人类操作员处理。监控站还可以包括或能访问订阅者数据库，该订阅者数据库包括在数据库引擎的控制下的数据库。数据库可以包含对应于到面板，就像由监控站提供服务的面板，的各个订阅者设备/过程的条目。
本文描述的过程的全部或部分及其各种修改(以下称为“过程”)可以至少部分地经由计算机程序产品，即，有形地体现在一个或多个是计算机的有形的物理硬件存储设备和/或机器可读存储设备中的计算机程序来实现，用于由数据处理装置，例如可编程处理器、计算机或多个计算机执行，或者控制数据处理装置的操作。计算机程序可以用任何形式的编程语言编写，包括编译或解释语言，并且它可以以任何形式部署，包括作为独立程序或作为模块、组件、子例程或适合在计算环境中使用的其它单元。计算机程序可被部署成在一个计算机上或在一个站点的多个计算机上执行或者跨多个站点分布并由网络互连。
与实现过程相关联的动作可以由执行一个或多个计算机程序以执行校准过程的功能的一个或多个可编程处理器来执行。过程的全部或部分可被实现为专用逻辑电路，例如FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)和/或ASIC(专用集成电路)。
举例来说，适于计算机程序的执行的处理器包括通用和专用微处理器，以及任何类型的数字计算机的任何一个或多个处理器。一般而言，处理器将从只读存储区或随机存取存储区域或两者接收指令和数据。计算机(包括服务器)的元件包括用于执行指令的一个或多个处理器和用于存储指令和数据的一个或多个存储区域设备。一般而言，计算机还将包括一个或多个机器可读存储介质，诸如用于存储数据的大容量存储设备，例如磁、磁光盘或光盘，或者操作耦合到该一个或多个机器可读存储介质以从其接收数据，或将数据传送到该一个或多个机器可读存储介质，或两者兼有。
适于体现计算机程序指令和数据的有形物理硬件存储设备包括所有形式的非易失性储存器，举例来说，包括半导体存储区域设备，例如EPROM、EEPROM和闪存存储区域设备；磁盘，例如内部硬盘或可移动盘；磁-光盘；及CD-ROM和DVD-ROM盘，以及易失性计算机存储器，例如，诸如静态和动态RAM的RAM以及可擦除存储器，例如闪存。
此外，附图中绘出的逻辑流不要求只有所示出的特定次序或顺序次序才能达到期望的结果。此外，可以提供其它动作，或者动作可以从所描述的流程被去除，并且其它组件可被添加到或从所描述的系统中去除。同样，附图中所绘出的动作可以由不同的实体执行或者被合并。
本文所述的不同实施例的元素可以组合，以形成未在上面具体阐述的其它实施例。元素可被排除在本文所述的过程、计算机程序、网页等等之外，而不会不利地影响它们的操作。此外，各种独立的元素可被组合成一个或多个个别的元素，以执行本文所述的功能。
本文未具体描述的其它实现也在以下权利要求书的范围之内。

Claims (18)

1.一种用在包括接入点和端节点的网络中的装置，该装置包括：
第一无线电装置，无线地与接入点进行通信；
第一处理设备，被编程为控制和处理从第一无线电装置接收的消息；
第二无线电装置，无线地与端节点进行通信；及
第二处理设备，被编程为控制和处理从第二无线电装置接收的消息，并且
其中第一处理设备和第二处理设备被配置为改变第一无线电装置和第二无线电装置以及第一处理器和第二处理器被配置为与端节点和接入点中的哪一个进行通信。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置，其中第一处理设备通过识别到没有数据要发送到接入点而改变通信并且在下一次频率改变中第一处理设备使无线电装置将其功能改变为在端节点侧上进行操作。
3.如权利要求1所述的装置，其中功能改变的发生利用包括接入点将在下一个频率处使用的预期停留时间的通信被传送到网络中的其它无线电装置。
4.如权利要求1所述的装置，其中第一无线电装置和第二无线电装置当中的至少一个是能够控制的，以在一个或多个通信信道上收听具有至少一个预定义电力特点的设备。
5.如权利要求1所述的装置，其中第一处理器和第二处理器利用处理器之间的直接存储器存取(DMA)传送在处理器之间交换通信。
6.如权利要求1所述的装置，其中第一处理器和第二处理器各自管理相应的处理器所连接到的装置的那一侧上的其自己的无线通信。
7.如权利要求1所述的装置，其中第一处理器和第二处理器各自提供频率捷变/跳频和选择、协议管理和控制、消息存储和转发服务，并且管理相应无线电装置的协议状态和环境功能。
8.如权利要求1所述的装置，其中第一处理器由多核处理器的一个或多个核提供并且第二处理器由该多核处理器的一个或多个不同核提供。
9.如权利要求1所述的装置，其中该装置是范围扩展器。
10.一种网络范围扩展器，包括：
第一无线电装置，无线地与接入点通信；
第一天线元件，耦合到射频(rf)输入和第一无线电装置的输出；
第一处理设备，被编程为控制和处理从第一无线电装置接收的消息；
第二无线电装置，无线地与端节点通信；
第二天线元件，耦合到射频(rf)输入和第二无线电装置的输出；及
第二处理设备，被编程为控制和处理从第二无线电装置接收的消息。
11.如权利要求10所述的装置，其中第一处理器和第二处理器利用处理器之间的直接存储器存取(DMA)或其他传送方法在处理器之间交换通信。
12.如权利要求10所述的装置，其中第一处理器和第二处理器各自管理相应的处理器所连接到的装置的那一侧上的其自己的无线通信。
13.如权利要求1所述的装置，其中第一无线电装置是服务对应的多个接入点的多个第一无线电装置的集合的一部分。
14.如权利要求1所述的装置，其中第二无线电装置是服务对应的多个端节点的多个第二无线电装置的集合的一部分。
15.一种联网的探测系统，包括：
传感器的网络；
网关，提供网络连接，以将一个或多个传感器设备连接到网络；及
范围扩展器，用于将一个或多个传感器设备连接到网关，其中范围扩展器包括：
第一无线电装置，无线地与接入点进行通信；
第一处理设备，被编程为控制和处理从第一无线电装置接收的消息；
第二无线电装置，无线地与端节点进行通信；及
第二处理设备，被编程为控制和处理从第二无线电装置接收的消息。
16.如权利要求15所述的联网的探测系统，其中至少一些传感器是受限的传感器设备并且其余的传感器是比受限的传感器设备具有更大处理能力的第二不同类型的设备，并且范围扩展器将受限的传感器设备连接到网关。
17.如权利要求15所述的联网的探测系统，其中第一无线电装置和第一处理器是多个第一无线电装置和第一处理器中与第二无线电装置和第二处理器提供范围扩展器的部分。
18.如权利要求15所述的联网的探测系统，其中第二无线电装置和第二处理器是多个第二无线电装置和第二处理器中与第一无线电装置和第一处理器提供范围扩展器的部分。
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