CN106796511A - 用于健壮的传感器网络的分布式规则引擎 - Google Patents

用于健壮的传感器网络的分布式规则引擎 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106796511A
CN106796511A CN201580021841.3A CN201580021841A CN106796511A CN 106796511 A CN106796511 A CN 106796511A CN 201580021841 A CN201580021841 A CN 201580021841A CN 106796511 A CN106796511 A CN 106796511A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
node
rule
function
message
network
Prior art date
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CN201580021841.3A
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English (en)
Inventor
保罗·B·雷斯班德
克雷格·特里韦尔皮斯
斯图尔特·E·霍尔
罗伯特·F·布鲁英
古斯塔沃·利昂
理查兹·坎佩罗
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safe Section's Fire-Fighting And Safe Corp
Tyco Fire and Security GmbH
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Safe Section's Fire-Fighting And Safe Corp
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Priority claimed from US14/464,070 external-priority patent/US10152864B2/en
Application filed by Safe Section's Fire-Fighting And Safe Corp filed Critical Safe Section's Fire-Fighting And Safe Corp
Priority claimed from PCT/US2015/017924 external-priority patent/WO2015131012A2/en
Publication of CN106796511A publication Critical patent/CN106796511A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

一种用于管理物理入侵检测/警报的联网系统，该系统包括服务器设备的上层，包括：处理器设备和与处理器设备通信的存储器；网关设备的中间层，网关设备与上层服务器通信；以及包括全功能节点的下层设备，其中至少一些全功能节点包括执行例程以提供节点功能的应用层，以及管理下层设备的设备，该设备实例化执行状态机以控制至少一些功能节点中的每一个当中的应用层的程序管理器。

Description

用于健壮的传感器网络的分布式规则引擎
优先权要求
本申请援引35U.S.C.§119(e)要求于2014年4月2日提交且标题为“WirelessSensor Network”的临时美国专利申请61/973,962、于2014年2月28日提交且标题为“Wireless Sensor Network”的临时美国专利申请61/946,054以及于2014年8月20日提交且标题为“Distributed Rules Engines for Robust Sensor Networks”的实用美国专利申请14/464,070的优先权，这些申请的全部内容通过引用被结合于此。
背景技术
本描述涉及传感器网络的操作，该传感器系统诸如用于安装在商业或住宅处所上的安全、入侵和警报系统的那些。
对于企业和房主来说，具有用于检测在其处所的警报状况并且用于向安全系统的监控站或者被授权用户发信号通知这种状况的安全系统是常见的。安全系统常常包括被电或无线地连接到各种传感器的入侵检测面板。那些传感器类型通常包括运动检测器、摄像机和接近传感器（用来确定门或窗是否已经被打开）。通常，这种系统从这些传感器当中的一个或多个接收非常简单的信号（电气开或关），以指示被监控的特定状况已经改变或变得不安全。
政府实体、公司、学术机构等向员工、承包商、学生等发放凭证，以控制对建筑物及室内和室外设施的访问。无论是有意还是无意，绕过安全系统获得访问的个人都难以识别和定位。
许多设备使用规则引擎作为用于处理控制和监控过程或设备的规则的子部件。规则的执行可以不产生输出，就像当监控设备更新内部值和过程时，或者规则的执行可以是规则已被触发（执行）的指示。作为子部件，规则和数据更新被发送到规则引擎并且规则或者触发或者不触发。在典型的系统中，另一个部件评估规则引擎的输出并确定要采取的动作，诸如在其中结果应当被发送或者如果需要附加的过程或者如果规则被链接到其它规则或在一般意义上如何路由来自规则触发的输出。
发明内容
数据搜集系统的细节包括收集数据的多个传感器的网络以及从传感器数据确定监控事件和事件的位置的系统。到指示器的连接可以是有线和带电的网络，或者可以是无线的。检测传感器包括火和烟雾以及有毒气体或化学检测器、警报盒、音频检测器、结构变化检测器、人计数器和运动传感器当中的一些或全部。这些检测器/传感器报告位置数据以及原始传感器数据。
当权利要求被最后定下来时由代理人完成
一个或多个优点可以从上述方面的一个或多个提供。
类似地，到规则引擎的数据输入和规则更新通常来自控制规则引擎、然后与系统的其余部分接口的单个源。这些典型的实现需要大量附加的软件和配置来正确地执行和路由规则、数据和动作。依赖于复杂性，对于这种系统会非常难以管理和维护适当的配置。由于附加功能的执行时间和稳定性干扰规则引擎的及时执行，利用附加功能增强复杂规则是有问题的。在复杂的控制系统中，从规则引擎路由决定和动作会是工作的主要部分。
本发明的一个或多个实施例的细节在附图和以下描述中阐述。根据描述和附图以及根据权利要求书，本发明的其它特征、目的以及优点是显而易见的。
附图说明
图1是示例性联网安全系统的示意图。
图2是通用应用层管理器的框图。
图3是示出应用层管理器上的示例过程的框图。
图4是应用层管理器上的示例性状态过渡的图。
图5-7是绘出跨分布式规则引擎的处理的流程图。
图8是示例联网安全系统的部件的框图。
具体实施方式
本文所描述的是可以在各种背景中使用的网络特征的例子，该背景包括但不限于安全/入侵和警报系统。示例安全系统可以包括被电或无线地连接到各种传感器的入侵检测面板。那些传感器类型可以包括运动检测器、摄像机和接近传感器（例如，用来确定门或窗是否已经被打开）。通常，这种系统从这些传感器当中的一个或多个接收相对简单的信号（电气开或关），以指示被监控的特定状况已经改变或变得不安全。
例如，典型的入侵系统可被设置为监控建筑物中的入口门。当门被禁固时，接近传感器感测到磁性接触并产生电关闭电路。当门被打开时，接近传感器打开电路，并向面板发送指示警报状况已发生（例如，打开的入口门）的信号。
数据收集系统在一些应用（诸如家庭安全监控）当中变得越来越普遍。数据收集系统采用无线传感器网络和无线设备，并且可以包括基于远程服务器的监控和报告生成。如下面更详细描述的，无线传感器网络一般使用计算设备之间的有线和无线链路的组合，无线链路通常用于最低级的连接（例如，端节点设备到集线器/网关）。在示例网络中，网络的边缘（无线连接的）层由具有特定功能的资源受限设备组成。这些设备可以具有小至中等的量的处理能力和存储器，并且可以是电池供电的，因此要求它们通过在睡眠模式下花费大量时间来节省能源。典型的模型是在其中枢纽辐射式（hub-and-spoke-style）体系架构（也称为星形拓扑）中边缘设备一般形成单个无线网络，其中每个端节点直接与其父节点通信。父节点可以是例如网关上的接入点或子协调器，其又连接到接入点或另一个子协调器。
现在参考图1，示出了用于无线传感器网络（WSN）的示例性（全局）分布式网络拓扑。在图1中，分布式网络10拓扑被逻辑地划分成层或分层级别的集合12a-12c。
用于传感器网络的全局分布式网络拓扑包括在个别节点或节点的集合处由圆圈元素“R”标示的分布式规则引擎。在网络的上层或分层级别12a中部署若干服务器和/或运行“云计算”范例的虚拟服务器14，这些服务器利用良好建立的联网技术（诸如因特网协议）联网到一起，或者其可以是不使用因特网或使用因特网的部分的私有网络。在那些服务器14上运行的应用利用各种协议通信，这些协议诸如对于web因特网网络的XML/SOAP、REST风格的网络服务，以及诸如HTTP和ATOM之类的其它应用层技术。分布式网络10在设备（节点）之间具有直接链路，如以下示出和讨论的。
分布式网络10包括第二逻辑划分层或分层级别12b，在这里被称为涉及定位于各个建筑物和结构内部的中心、方便位置的网关16的中间层。这些网关16利用网络编程技术与上层中的服务器14通信，不管服务器是独立专用服务器和/或运行云应用的基于云的服务器。中间层网关16还被示为既具有局域网17a（例如，以太网或802.11）又具有蜂窝网络接口17b。
分布式网络拓扑还包括下层（边缘层）12c设备集合，其涉及全功能传感器节点18（例如，包括无线设备的传感器节点，例如收发器或者至少发送器，这在图1中标记为“F”）以及受限的无线传感器节点或传感器端节点20（在图1中标记为“C”）。在一些实施例中，在分布式网络10的各方面中，有线传感器（未示出）可以被包括。
如本文中所使用的，受限的计算设备20是比检测系统中的其它计算设备、传感器具有基本上更少持久性和易失性存储器的设备。目前受限的设备的例子将是那些具有小于大约一兆字节的闪存/持久性存储器以及小于10-20千字节（kbyte）的RAM/易失性存储器的设备。这些受限的设备20以这种方式进行配置；一般是由于成本/物理配置的考虑。
在典型的网络中，网络的边缘（无线连接的）层由具有特殊功能的高度资源受限的设备组成。这些设备具有小至中等的量的处理能力和存储器，并且常常是电池供电的，因此要求它们通过在睡眠模式下花费大量时间来节省能源。典型的模式是在其中枢纽辐射式（hub-and-spoke-style）式体系架构中边缘设备一般形成单个无线网络，其中每个端节点直接与其父节点通信。父节点可以是例如网关上的接入点或子协调器，其又连接到接入点或另一个子协调器。
每个网关配备有接入点（全功能节点或“F”节点），该接入点物理地附连到那个网关并且提供到无线网络中的其它节点的无线连接点。图1中所示的链路（由未编号的线示出）表示设备之间的直接（单跳网络层）连接。（在图1中所示的三层中每一层起作用的）正式联网层使用一系列这些直接链路，连同路由设备一起，经网络从一个设备向另一个设备发送消息（分段或不分段的）。
WSN 10对在下层设备18和20上运行的应用层实现状态机方法。以下讨论的是这种方法的特定实现的例子。状态机中的状态由协调执行的函数集合组成，并且这些函数可以被个别删除或替代或添加，以便更改特定下层设备的状态机中的状态。
基于WSN状态函数的应用层使用允许各个函数的加载和执行（在设备的引导之后）的边缘设备操作系统（未示出，但诸如在上面提到的临时申请中所公开的），而无需重新引导该设备（所谓的“动态编程”）。在其它实现中，边缘设备可以使用其它操作系统，假定这种系统允许优选地无需边缘设备的重新引导就进行各个函数的加载和执行（在设备引导之后）。
现在参考图2，示出了应用层管理器30的实施例。应用层管理器30在应用层管理器30不依赖于被更新的设备（例如设备18、20（图1的下层12c））中的“业务”逻辑细节或特定应用解决方案的意义上是通用的。应用层管理器30在例如节点，例如设备18、20上处理从函数到函数的“传递取舍（pass-off）”（目前操作的函数的变化）。这些传递取舍是由在节点或设备18、20中执行的实际状态函数请求的。
应用层管理器30利用过渡表（图4）来完成这种“传递取舍”（目前操作的函数的变化），其中过渡表充当用于状态函数的中央描述符。到应用层管理器30的输入包括经由接口32来自网络层的解析的消息。应用层管理器30包括经由来自中断接口34的处理器外设中断和经由接口36的轮询传感器/外设输入的基于中断和轮询的输入。
应用层管理器30涉及充分表征输入，以应用规则38，该规则38规定配置中的改变、所存储的数据和/或突如其来的消息生成。应用层管理器30具有规则38和配置管理器40，以及消息生成器/解析器42。应用层管理器30使用网络消息和基于传感器/处理器外设的输入、本地数据存储器44（用于过渡表）和列表、配置管理功能、规则集以及报告生成能力，如图所示。
边缘应用层体系架构
参考图3，示出了应用模块集合50，其包括用于边缘设备18和20（图1）的应用层50。应用模块集合50包括由应用层管理器（图4）管理的层52和不由应用层管理器管理的层54。在这个实施例中，应用层管理器与在WSN的边缘使用的这些其它固件模块（例如，无线网络模块等等，未示出）分开，例如与其隔离，以便在应用层代码中应用变化而不需要对这些其它模块中的代码的改变。此外，如图所示，运动ISR和运动过滤器的实时处理不由应用层管理器处理，而是运动报告生成器和心跳生成器由应用层管理器处理。
在图3的例子中绘出的应用模块集合50包括由应用层管理的功能，例如，与堆栈56通信的运动报告生成器53a和心跳生成器53b。通过理解应用层52的工作的细节而无需完全理解这些其它隔离的模块的全部细节，对应用层52的改变是可能的。这是期望的，因为不同组的个人和/或系统可以具有相应模块的编码和维护的任务。而且，应用层52以支持应用层的部分（例如，个别业务规则、报告、过滤器，以及其它功能）的升级而无需整个应用层升级的通用方式被配置。
此外，图3绘出了在应用模块集合中运行并与如下阐述的过渡表交互的各种过程间的状态图。
现在参考图4，示出了涉及应用层管理器50（App_Mgr()）的示例性情形，其中存在两个状态（具有函数A、B和C的状态1，及具有函数D和E的状态2）。过渡表支配状态过渡。
过渡表示出，基于机器的当前状态以及其它输入，有限半自动机或有限状态机将移动到什么状态（或者在非确定有限自动的情况下是多个什么状态）。状态表实质上是真值表，其中一些输入是当前状态并且输出包括下一个状态连同其它输出。状态表是指定状态机的几种途径之一，其它途径是状态图和特征方程。
状态1是正常状态并具有入口点，“函数A”。通常，状态1执行请求“函数B”的“函数A”，“函数B”请求“函数C”的执行。在该例中，状况发生（实际状况是特定于实现的并且其细节对于理解下文不是必需的）。在这种发生状况的情况下，当“函数B”请求“函数D”而不是“函数C”的执行时，状态1过渡到状态2。状态2可以存在仅一个周期（D-E-退出）或许多个周期（D-E-D-E-...-退出）。但是，当在这个例子中退出出现时，它这样做而不调用任何函数。缺省地，然后，AppMgr的Idle函数运行函数A，因为它是入口点函数。
参考图5，运动传感器上的“典型”应用60利用中断例程处理运动传感器的原始数据，运动传感器中断直接调用维护其自己的状态的运动过滤器并且在适当的时候声明“运动事件”62。运动事件由运动报告生成器处理64（在可能一点非确定性等待时间之后），其中运动报告生成器调用无线程序堆栈来将报告放到那个堆栈的传出队列中。运动报告生成器等待66ACK消息并在必要的情况下重新发送消息，直到接收到ACK。心跳消息被周期性地生成68并放到无线堆栈传出消息队列中，并等待ACK。（在输送失败后，心跳消息不被重新提交，但是在上次发送的结果从无线堆栈获得之前不发送新的心跳消息）。
现在参考图6，应用层被配置为通过定义应用层的不同部分并将其链接到一起来满足模块化的需求，使得各个部分经无线链路可更新而不破坏整体应用处理。应用层实例化72作为应用层“机器”的基本构建块的“对象”。实例化的对象使用函数指针的阵列。每个函数指针充当“保持器”，例如，保持对应函数的特定状态。实例化的对象还包括跟踪74哪个函数在机器中运行（即，哪个阵列索引值有效）的特殊的管理器函数（应用层管理器30或“AppMgr”）。
状态过渡是通过当前函数将函数控制传递到下一个适当函数来实现的，这是通过改变76这个索引值（或者请求AppMgr改变该索引值）进行的。AppMgr通常具有驻留在各个状态函数中而不是AppMgr中的“硬连线”业务逻辑，并且各个状态是通过用从诸如服务器或网关的外部主机传送的对应函数的新版本替换那个函数来改变的。对被允许的状态过渡进行改变（或者添加新过渡或者删除旧过渡）是通过利用新函数替换参与状态的函数以执行状态改变来实现的。
在一些实现中，AppMgr被配置78为实际改变用于当前状态函数的当前索引值，而在其它实现中，旧函数直接激活80新函数，而不使用AppMgr()作为中介。AppMgr()具有被允许的过渡的映射82并且检查84这种映射的违反（即，如果给定的函数试图将控制传递到另一个函数并且在这样做时进行不允许的状态过渡）。AppMgr()将禁止改变并引发异常。AppMgr()中的这种功能有助于验证对状态机行为的改变是有效的并且对状态机行为的改变实际发生，因为错误消息将在错误的状态改变被函数请求时由AppMgr()生成86。否则，各个状态是通过用对应函数的新版本替换那个函数来改变的88。
示例应用
令p_AppFunc[i]是指向第i个应用函数的指针。令N_i是由AppMgr()维护的“当前索引”值。N_i是全局变量，其从一个通过AppMgr()到下一个保持其值。
AppMgr是由调度器执行的根函数，该调度器诸如在边缘设备上运行的操作系统中。AppMgr每几毫秒完全运行通过。每次AppMgr()运行时，AppMgr执行由p_AppFunc[N_i]指向的函数。在一些实施例中，状态机可被实现为阵列的集合，而在更复杂的实现中，状态机被实现为通过链表（linked list）链接的函数的集合，以允许状态机中数目不确定的状态。
对于一些状态，可能只需要一个函数调用。即，p_AppFunc[N_i]将运行一次，并且然后N_i将改变为不同的值，比如N_k，使得在AppMgr()的下次调用时，将进入不同的状态（即，p_AppFunc[N_k]将运行）。对于其它状态，对应的函数可以在N_i改变之前运行许多次。单次运行函数的例子将是报告的发送。多次运行函数的例子将是传感器过滤器作用于来自传感器设备的原始数据的活动。
各种函数p_AppFunc[i]不仅决定何时它们应当请求AppMgr()进行状态变化，而且这些函数还指示AppMgr()应当从哪些（一个或多个）新函数中选择（例如，AppMgr()应当从N_i的哪些（一个或多个）新值中选择），因为AppMgr()被配置为是相当通用的并且因此所有的业务逻辑（包括状态之间过渡的描述）都包含在p_AppFunc[]函数中。
同时动作
两个p_AppFunc[]函数需要在同时完成不同的任务，例如，同时过滤来自两个传感器的数据（例如，消除开关的抖动和过滤来自加速度计的运动数据）。提供AppMgr的一种一般方法是在一个时间运行两个状态函数（执行这二者，每个通过AppMgr）。另一种方法保持AppMgr简单并且只需要应用状态具有对彼此进行调用并且因此调用（invoke）彼此的代码。即，当p_AppFunc[N_i]的执行终止时，p_AppFunc[N_i]请求p_AppFunc[N_k]的执行，反之亦然。实际上，这两个应用函数分割AppMgr的时间和注意力，而无需AppMgr规划时间分享。
p_AppFunc[]的各种版本在网关和云的可执行代码库中被维护，并且每个这种函数可以具有被用来区分函数的一个版本与另一个的ID号（并且在许多情况下，函数的代或版本中的区别可以小但重要，因此得到完全正确的ID号是重要的）。在给定函数的内部，所请求的对不同函数或状态的改变变得相对于代码版本非常特定，因此由函数用来请求状态改变（函数改变）的参数实际是新函数的ID号是合逻辑的。
管理版本的简单途径是给予应用层状态函数它们自己的文件类型。文件类型作为在例如闪速存储器中的文件索引中的字段之一被维护，使得在启动（bootup）期间AppMgr()的初始化过程在闪速存储器中搜索那种类型的文件，并且产生函数指针的阵列，其中索引i从0到最大值i_max运行。
在这个初始化期间，AppMgr()将每个值i映射到函数p_AppFunc[i]和那个函数的对应函数ID，并且产生对于每个函数ID示出对应索引值i以及允许的状态过渡的表（从当前函数可到达的函数的函数ID）。
例如，在当前函数的操作过程中，例如，其函数ID为例如0x31C7的p_AppFunc[N_i]，该函数可以向AppMgr()返回为0x396B的返回值。这个返回值是运行具有函数ID“0x396B”的函数p_AppFunc[]的请求。AppMgr()使用状态表来确定运行具有函数ID“0x396B”的p_AppFunc[]的请求是否是对函数ID 0x31C7允许的过渡，并且如果是的话，确定什么i值对应于函数0x396B。如果它是有效的请求，则AppMgr()将N_i设置为等于对应于函数ID“0x396B”的i的新值，并且，在AppMgr()下一次执行时，新函数ID“0x396B”将运行。
在AppMgr()初始化和状态表的产生期间，简单的图形分析算法运行，以确保每个状态是可到达的（没有状态是孤立的）并确保所有状态都是单个状态机的一部分（即，不存在两个更小的且完全分开的状态集）。状态表的有效性还要求没有状态过渡可以涉及到不存在的函数的过渡。
AppMgr()总是具有当索引N_i未定义时运行的主干（stem）状态（空闲状态），其具有函数ID 0x0001。状态机的初始化在第二状态（初始化状态）中完成，其具有自己的通用函数，具有函数ID 0x0000。在任何函数改变的任何时候（例如，通过一个或多个新函数的无线下载），AppMgr()将重新运行函数0x0000，然后过渡到状态函数0x0001。进一步的需求是在完整函数集中用户提供的函数中的一个且仅一个被识别为入口状态。这是自动被0x0001调用的状态。从那一点开始用户提供的函数请求状态改变，作为其返回值的一部分。
返回到图3，在状态图和上面提到的表中，现在示出利用用于上述示例应用的状态过渡来填充的表。
上面的例子对于概念的说明的目的是简单的。但是，也可以使用更复杂的应用集合。例如，假设在节点中有两个“状态”–第一个状态对应于函数A、B和C在连续循环中的永久运行，并且第二个状态对应于函数D和E在另一个永久循环中的运行。在第一状态（正常状态）下，函数A（“入口函数”）运行至完成并向AppMgr()请求运行函数B。当函数B完成后，它请求函数C，函数C又请求函数A。因为函数A是入口函数并且循环A-B-C-A...是闭环，所以函数D和E通常不会运行。但是，在特殊条件下，假设函数B在它退出时请求函数D而不是C。于是函数D和E在循环（D-E-D-E...）中运行，直到其中一个请求在第一个循环中的函数。以这种方式，函数或函数集对应于状态，并且在每个状态中操作的函数管理状态过渡。
当函数退出而没有请求新的函数时，AppMgr空闲（AppMgrIdle）将简单地再次运行入口点函数。在一些情况下，对于非常简单的节点，可能没有入口函数，在这种情况下，空闲函数将仅仅运行其本身，直到事件启动的函数被运行。
返回去参考图4，假想的（通用）情形，其中有两个状态（具有函数A、B和C的状态1，以及具有函数D和E的状态2）。状态1是正常状态并具有入口点，函数A。在特殊情况下，当函数B请求函数D而不是函数C的执行时，状态1过渡到状态2。状态2可以存在仅一个周期（D-E-退出）或许多个周期（D-E-D-E-...-退出），但是在这个例子中当退出发生时，它这样做而不调用任何函数。缺省地，AppMgr的空闲函数运行函数A，因为它是入口点函数。
节点可以利用任何适当类型的计算设备（诸如大型机工作站、个人计算机、服务器、便携式计算设备或任何其它类型的能够执行指令、连接到网络并通过网络转发数据分组的智能设备）来实现。节点可以执行任何适当的计算机程序，以生成、接收和传送数据分组以供在网络上使用。
用于健壮的全局自动化网络的分布式规则引擎
对于一些设备（诸如网关），上面讨论的应用层灵活性尤其是从形式为独立软件代理或规则实现模块（检查输入条件并相应地作出反应的独立运行的函数）的规则引擎的使用导出的。见例如在上面提到的临时申请中讨论的路由/规则消息传送。
对于其它设备（诸如相对受限的端节点），应用层敏捷性（仅仅作为一个实现例）从具有动态加载的“根函数”的新元素的可编程状态机方法产生，其中动态加载的“根函数”体现特定的规则（通常每个根函数一个规则）并且由端设备的操作系统根据为该系统建立的函数优先级运行。这些函数可以在小消息（即，不包含设备的整个可执行代码库的完全重述（re-statement）的消息）中被传送到端设备并且快速安装和运行。因此，结果得到的边缘体系架构可以支持频繁的更新。
上面图2示出了通用的应用层，具有网络消息和基于传感器/处理器外设的输入、本地数据存储器和列表、配置管理函数、规则集以及报告生成能力。在图1中，分布式规则引擎由在个别节点或节点集合处的圆圈元素“R”标示。图1中所示的三层当中每一层（例如，云/企业、网关和边缘设备）具有应用层。到应用层的输入包括来自网络层的解析的消息和处理器外设中断以及轮询的传感器/外设输入。
应用管理过程充分表征输入，以应用规定配置的改变、所存储的数据和/或突如其来的消息生成的规则。但是，在一些设备中，规则引擎是在个别节点或节点集合处的分布式规则引擎（由圆圈元素“R”标示，上面提到）。这些分布式规则引擎涉及从一个设备的输出传递到另一个设备的输入的消息的生成（即，动作/延期）或者规则可以基于输入的值或几个输入的值或者几个输入、其它数据以及节点的当前配置的组合来确定动作。
现在参考图7，在图1的网络中执行的某些规则被分层或列在下级或被分布。规则可以在上面讨论的层的第一层的应用层中开始执行，并且那个执行的结果产生或导致规则在图1中讨论的三层中不同的一层的应用层中的执行。
在云/企业层12a中的服务器14在服务器应用层（未示出）中产生90规则的重复件或修改版本。在云/企业层12a中的这些服务器14在驻留在中间层12b中的网关设备16中的应用层（未示出）当中分布92规则的这些复制或修改版本。同样，上层层通过向边缘层设备18、20分发（也以92示出）规则以执行来将工作委托给边缘应用层12c。
在接收层，网关/边缘设备接收这种规则的重复或修改版本以便执行，这些设备中的应用层通过改变索引（或请求AppMgr()改变索引）将函数控制94转移到接收到的规则并验证过渡，如以上对图6所讨论的。在接收层中，接收到这种规则的重复或修改版本的网关/边缘设备在接收层处执行规则的重复或修改版本并且报告形式的结果被生成并被返回到由规则确定的层。边缘层12c的应用层中的规则可以被删除或者由从其它层96a分布的规则的动作暂时抑制。
规则可以采取各种逻辑形式，包括在下面再现的相对简单的“如果-则（if-then）”形式96b，其中，如果输入x被观察到，则产生特定条目并生成报告的规则被触发：
“如果x输入被观察到，则产生本地数据条目y并生成报告z。”
此外，一些规则可能涉及复合输入，诸如以下的如果-则规则，其经时间段x对输入a、b、c进行操作，以触发动作，诸如生成报告。
“如果a、b和c在时间x内已经发生，则生成报告y”
规则也可以被级联，以便通过第一执行规则调用第二规则97a-97e，在相同或不同的引擎上连续执行，诸如其中当规则1在时间段x内被满足时，规则l（或AppMgr()）激活规则2，以便在规则2在时间段x中被满足的情况下生成报告的例子。
“如果规则1在时间x内被满足，则激活规则2；如果规则2在时间x内被满足，则生成报告y”
规则可以是形式上简单的但仍涉及相对复杂的计算，诸如涉及来自神经网络的运算。
“如果具有给定输入50的神经网络的输出超过阈值x，则生成报告y”。
分布式规则引擎可以利用任何适当类型的计算设备（诸如大型机工作站、个人计算机、服务器、便携式计算设备或任何其它类型能够执行指令、连接到网络并通过网络转发数据分组的智能设备）来实现。规则引擎可以执行任何适当的计算机程序，以生成、接收和传送数据分组以供在网络上使用。
图8示出了具有关于图1所述的WSN的特征并且具有本文所述的各种功能的安全系统的例子。如图8中所示，相关处理从某些受限节点接收输入（但这些节点也可以是全功能节点）。这些输入可以包括凭证信息和视频信息，并且相关处理可以产生经网络发送的相关结果。背景管理处理从某些受限节点接收输入（但这些节点也可以是全功能节点），例如，凭证信息以及视频和分组信息，并且对经网络发送的结果执行背景处理。网络支持紧急出口指示器；紧急摄像头以及分布式规则处理和规则引擎/消息处理的操作。范围扩展器与例如网关一起使用，并且，如图所示，实时位置系统从各种传感器（例如，受限的类型）接收输入。服务器经由云计算配置接口到WSN以及一些网络的部分可以作为子网运行。
除了在传感器的范围之内的区域中检测到某物的指示，传感器还提供可被用来评估那个指示可以是什么的详细附加信息，而无需要求入侵检测面板执行对特定传感器的输入的广泛分析。
例如，运动检测器可被配置为分析在房间内移动的温暖主体的热签名，以确定该主体是否是人或宠物的主体。那个分析的结果将是传达关于检测到的主体的信息的消息或数据。因此，各种传感器被用来以适当的组合感测声音、运动、振动、压力、热、图像，等等，以检测在入侵检测面板的真实或通过验证的警报条件。
辨别软件可被用来区分作为人的对象和作为动物的对象；进一步的面部辨别软件可以内置到视频摄像机中并被用来验证周边入侵是辨别出的被授权的个人的结果。这种视频摄像机将包括处理器和存储器和识别软件，以处理摄像机（捕获的图像）的输入并产生元数据，以传达关于由视频摄像机捕获的个人的辨别或缺乏对其的辨别的信息。处理还可以作为替代地或另外地包括关于在由视频摄像机捕获/监控的区域中的个人的特性的信息。因此，依赖于具体情况，信息将或者是从对传感器的输入执行给出周边入侵的特性的增强的分析的增强的运动检测器和视频摄像机接收到的元对象或者是从寻求建立对象的辨别的非常复杂的处理得到的元数据。
传感器设备可以集成多个传感器，以生成更复杂的输出，使得入侵检测面板可以利用其处理能力通过建立环境的虚拟图像或签名来执行分析环境的算法，以便作出关于损害的有效性的智能决定。
存储器存储由入侵检测面板的处理器使用的程序指令和数据。存储器可以是随机存取存储器和只读存储器的适当组合，并且可以托管合适的程序指令（例如，固件或操作软件），以及配置和操作数据并且可以被组织为文件系统或其他。所存储的程序指令可以包括用于认证一个或多个用户的一个或多个认证过程。存储在面板的存储器中的程序指令还可以存储软件组件，从而允许网络通信和到数据网络的连接的建立。软件组件可以例如包括因特网协议（IP）栈，以及用于各种接口的驱动器组件，包括接口和小键盘。适于建立连接并跨网络进行通信的其它软件组件对于普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
存储在存储器中的程序指令，连同配置数据一起，可以控制面板的整体操作。
监控服务器包括一个或多个处理设备（例如，微处理器）、网络接口和存储器（都未示出）。监控服务器可以物理地采取机架安装卡的形式并且可以与一个或多个操作者终端（未示出）通信。示例监控服务器是SURGARDTM SG-System III Virtual，或类似的系统。
每个监控服务器的处理器充当用于每个监控服务器的控制器，并且与每个服务器通信并控制其整体操作。处理器可以包括存储器，或者与其通信，其中存储器存储处理器可执行指令，从而控制监控服务器的整体操作。合适的软件使每个监控服务器能够接收警报并导致适当的动作发生。软件可以包括合适的因特网协议（IP）栈和应用/客户端。
中央监控站的每个监控服务器可以与IP地址和（一个或多个）端口关联，它通过其与控制面板和/或用户设备进行通信，以处理警报事件等。监控服务器地址可以是静态的，并且因此总是对入侵检测面板识别监控服务器中特定的一个。作为替代，动态地址可以被使用，并且与通过域名服务解析的静态域名相关联。
网络接口卡与网络接口，以接收进入的信号，并且可以例如采取以太网网络接口卡（NIC）的形式。服务器可以是计算机、瘦客户端，等等，接收到的代表警报事件的数据被传递到其，用于由人类操作员处理。监控站还可以包括或能访问在数据库引擎的控制下包括数据库的订户数据库。数据库可以包含对应于到面板（就像由监控站提供服务的面板）的各个订户设备/过程的条目。
本文描述的过程的全部或部分及其各种修改（以下称为“过程”）可以至少部分地经由计算机程序产品（即，有形地体现在一个或多个是机器的有形的物理硬件存储设备和/或机器可读存储设备中的计算机程序）来实现，用于由数据处理装置（例如可编程处理器、计算机或多个计算机）执行，或者控制其操作。计算机程序可以用任何形式的编程语言编写，该编程语言包括编译或解释语言，并且它可以以任何形式部署，包括作为独立程序或作为模块、组件、子例程或适合在计算环境中使用的其它单元。计算机程序可被部署成在一个计算机上或在一个站点或者跨多个站点分布并由网络互连的多个计算机上执行。
与实现过程相关联的动作可以由执行一个或多个计算机程序以执行校准过程的功能的一个或多个可编程处理器来执行。过程的全部或部分可被实现为专用逻辑电路系统，例如FPGA（现场可编程门阵列）和/或ASIC（专用集成电路）。
举例来说，适于计算机程序的执行的处理器包括通用和专用微处理器，以及任何类型的数字计算机的任何一个或多个处理器。一般而言，处理器将从只读存储区或随机存取存储区域或两者接收指令和数据。计算机（包括服务器）的元件包括用于执行指令的一个或多个处理器和用于存储指令和数据的一个或多个存储区域设备。一般而言，计算机还将包括一个或多个机器可读存储介质，诸如用于存储数据的大容量存储设备，例如磁、磁光盘或光盘，或者操作耦合到其以便从其接收数据，或将数据传送到其，或两者兼有。
适于体现计算机程序指令和数据的有形物理硬件存储设备包括所有形式的非易失性储存器，举例来说，包括半导体存储区域设备，例如EPROM、EEPROM和闪存存储区域设备；磁盘，例如内部硬盘或可移除盘；磁-光盘；及CD-ROM和DVD-ROM盘，以及易失性计算机存储器，例如，诸如静态和动态RAM之类的RAM以及可擦除存储器，例如闪速存储器。
此外，附图中绘出的逻辑流不要求所示出的特定次序或顺序次序才能达到期望的结果。此外，可以提供其它动作，或者动作可以从所描述的流程被去除，并且其它组件可被添加到所描述的系统或从所描述的系统中去除。同样，附图中所绘出的动作可以由不同的实体执行或者被合并。
本文所述的不同实施例的元素可以组合，以形成未在上面具体阐述的其它实施例。元素可被排除在本文所述的过程、计算机程序、网页等等之外，而不会不利地影响它们的操作。此外，各种单独的元素可被组合成一个或多个独立的元素，以执行本文所述的功能。
本文未具体描述的其它实现也在以下权利要求书的范围之内。

Claims (13)

1.一种设备节点，包括：
处理器，运行操作系统；以及
存储器，与所述处理器通信，所述处理器被配置为：
从网络中的第一层接收独立软件代理，其中所述软件代理是包括至少一个规则的动态加载的“根函数”；以及
由端节点的操作系统根据为节点建立的函数优先级执行包括在所述独立软件代理中的所述至少一个规则。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述加载的根函数是由所述节点在小消息中接收的，其中所述小消息是不包含整个可执行代码的完全重述的消息并且被安装在所述节点上。
3.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中规则是级联规则并且所述级联规则在位于多个节点处的多个规则引擎上执行。
4.如权利要求1所述的设备，还包括生成指定动作延期的、从一个节点传递到另一个节点的输入的消息。
5.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述节点被配置为用于网络中多层设备中第一层的节点并且还包括：
生成包括规则的执行结果的消息，以产生或引起不同规则在不同层的应用层中的执行。
6.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述节点被配置为执行级联规则，以便通过第一执行规则调用第二规则来让两个或更多个规则在相同或不同的引擎上连续执行。
7.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中节点被配置为执行级联规则，通过所述级联规则让具有对象管理器的第一执行规则调用第二、不同的可执行规则，所述级联规则让两个或更多个规则在相同或不同的引擎上连续执行。
8.一种系统，包括：
网络，所述网络支持：
服务器层，所述服务器层产生在驻留在网关设备中的应用层(未示出)当中分布的规则；
网关层，所述网关层接收所产生的规则并被配置为将函数控制转移到接收到的规则；
多个节点，所述多个节点由包括所述网关设备的网络互连，
每个节点包括：
处理器，运行操作系统；以及
存储器，与所述处理器通信；
从网络中的第一层接收独立的软件代理，其中所述软件代理是在小消息中被接收的动态加载的“根函数”，所述小消息是不包含整个可执行代码的完全重述的消息并且被安装在包括至少一个规则的节点上；以及
由端节点的操作系统根据为节点建立的函数优先级执行被包括在所述独立的软件代理中的所述至少一个规则。
9.如权利要求8所述的系统，其中规则是级联规则并且所述级联规则在位于多个节点处的多个规则引擎上执行。
10.如权利要求8所述的系统，还被配置为：
生成从所述多个节点的第一节点传递到所述多个节点的第二节点的输入的消息，其中所述消息指定动作延期。
11.如权利要求8所述的系统，还被配置为：
生成包括规则的执行结果的消息，以产生或引起不同规则在不同层的应用层中的执行。
12.如权利要求8所述的系统，其中所述多个节点的第一节点被配置为：
执行级联规则，以便通过第一执行规则调用第二规则来让两个或更多个规则在所述多个节点的所述第一节点的处理器或所述多个节点的所述第一节点和第二节点的不同处理器上连续执行。
13.如权利要求8所述的系统，其中所述多个节点的第一节点被配置为：
执行级联规则，通过所述级联规则让具有对象管理器的第一执行规则调用第二、不同的可执行规则，所述级联规则让两个或更多个规则在所述多个节点的所述第一节点的处理器或所述多个节点的所述第一节点和第二节点的不同处理器上连续执行。
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