CN106415307A - 无线传感器网络中的实时位置系统 - Google Patents

无线传感器网络中的实时位置系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106415307A
CN106415307A CN201580016948.9A CN201580016948A CN106415307A CN 106415307 A CN106415307 A CN 106415307A CN 201580016948 A CN201580016948 A CN 201580016948A CN 106415307 A CN106415307 A CN 106415307A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
position mark
mobile
real time
transceiver
time location
Prior art date
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CN201580016948.9A
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English (en)
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CN106415307B (zh
Inventor
S·E·霍尔
H·帕特尔森
R·F·布鲁因
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Safe Section's Fire-Fighting And Safe Corp
Tyco Fire and Security GmbH
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Safe Section's Fire-Fighting And Safe Corp
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Priority claimed from US14/464,010 external-priority patent/US9651656B2/en
Application filed by Safe Section's Fire-Fighting And Safe Corp filed Critical Safe Section's Fire-Fighting And Safe Corp
Priority claimed from PCT/US2015/017702 external-priority patent/WO2015130910A1/en
Publication of CN106415307A publication Critical patent/CN106415307A/zh
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Abstract

实时定位和跟踪系统，包括位置标记，其利用该位置标记被固定到的位置的位置信息编程，和从附近的位置标记读取位置信息的移动RTLS跟踪系统，以及移动RTLS监视和显示系统。该系统被配置为从包括微处理器和存储器的移动RTLS跟踪系统接收信号，其中微处理器和存储器控制移动RTLS监视和显示系统的功能，以显示移动RTLS跟踪系统的状态和地理坐标。

Description

无线传感器网络中的实时位置系统
优先权保护
本申请根据35U.S.C.§119(e)要求于2014年4月2日提交且标题为“WirelessSensor Network”的临时美国专利申请61/973,962和于2014年2月28日提交且标题为“Wireless Sensor Network”的临时美国专利申请61/946,054以及于2014年8月20日提交且标题为“Real-Time Location System in Wireless Sensor Network”的实用美国专利申请14/464,010的优先权，这些申请的全部内容通过引用被结合于此。
本描述涉及特定入侵系统中的安全系统的操作。
背景技术
本描述涉及安装在商业或住宅处所的特定物理入侵和报警系统中的安全系统的操作。
对于企业和房主来说，具有用于探测在其处所的报警状况并且用于向安全系统的监控站或者授权用户发信号通知这种状况的安全系统是常见的。传感器类型通常包括运动探测器、相机和接近传感器(用来确定门或窗是否已经被打开)。一种特定类型的传感器是徽章或标签读取器，以跟踪有凭证的个体在处所内，诸如在主要的商业或工业设施内的移动。
实时位置系统(RTLS)使用有源系统来确定环境内的移动标签的当前位置。不同的系统使用不同的技术来确定位置，但是这种系统通常使用系统中具有已知位置的两个或更多个元件(例如，定位元件)和系统中被定位的元件(例如，标签)之间的距离测量或者角度测量(或两者的组合)。
发明内容
有几个问题限制了实时位置系统(RTLS)的效率。传统的RTLS系统依赖于具有用于每个定位元件的准确位置信息。这些定位元件需要被固定在先验已知的位置或者，如果它们是便携式元件，则元件位置需要在设置时被准确地确定。GPS常常被用来确定便携式定位元件的位置。但是，这只有在GPS工作且准确的地方才是可能的(即，无障碍物的室外)。
设置和确定定位元件的位置的困难需要在系统使用中训练有素的人员并花费显著量的时间来部署。定位元件和标签之间的距离依赖于所使用的技术而由多个因素限制。对于诸如基于激光的测距系统之类的瞄准系统产品线，不能有任何障碍物。甚至对于可以穿透障碍物的系统，诸如使用辐射电磁能量(RF)的系统，障碍物也减小这些应用的范围。标签位置的准确度常常受被称为多径(multipath)的现象损害，这种现象造成被接收器拾取的反射信号，该现象干扰信号从而足以引起计算出的位置的准确度的下降或者使位置完全不准确。由系统接收的位置信息通常在地理坐标中提供。为了使用这个位置信息，系统将这些坐标转换成建筑物的地图或楼层平面图上的位置，诸如“在市政厅大楼北楼梯井附近的二楼上”。
根据一方面，实时位置系统包括多个位置标记，这些位置标记利用围绕某地点这些位置标记被固定到的位置的位置信息被编程；移动跟踪系统，以从放置在该地点周围的附近位置标记读取位置信息；移动监视和显示系统，该移动监视和显示系统被配置为从移动跟踪系统接收信号。移动监视和显示系统包括微处理器和存储器，其控制移动监视和显示系统的功能，以显示移动跟踪系统的状态和地理坐标。
以下是在上述各方面的范围内的一些实施例。
实时位置系统包括定位收发器系统，被配置为在设置期间确定定位收发器系统相对于全球坐标系统的位置。实时位置系统包括具有位置标记编程器的标签收发器，以确定标签收发器相对于全球定位坐标的位置并利用位置信息编程多个位置标记。位置标记由移动跟踪系统读取，并且移动跟踪系统为位置标记产生该位置标记被读取的时间和关于该位置标记的地理坐标信息和/或用户友好的位置名称的记录。
定位收发器系统元件被遍及整个地点放置。位置信息是地理坐标信息和/或用户友好的位置信息。位置标记包括具有处理器和存储器的电路系统，其控制位置标记并被配置为利用地理坐标和/或友好的位置信息进行编程，还包括用于位置信息的传送的天线。移动跟踪系统还包括在操作的跟踪阶段期间从位置标记读取信息的位置标记读取器、促进与位置标记的通信的天线，以及包括微处理器和存储器的、控制移动跟踪系统的操作的电路系统。定位收发器系统还包括被用来确定到传统标签的距离或角度的定位元件、全球定位收发器，以及包括微处理器和存储器子系统的电路系统，以控制定位收发器系统并用于数据到具有位置标记编程器的标记收发器的通信。具有位置标记编程器的标签收发器还包括标签，以确定具有位置标记编程器的标签收发器相对于全球定位坐标的位置，以及位置标记编程器，以利用坐标和用户友好的位置信息编程位置标记。
根据附加的方面，实时位置系统包括定位收发器系统，被配置为确定定位收发器系统相对于全球坐标系统的位置；多个位置标记，利用围绕某地点位置标记被固定到的位置的位置信息被编程；具有位置标记编程器的标签收发器，以确定标签收发器相对于全球定位坐标的位置并利用该位置信息编程多个位置标记；移动跟踪系统，从被放置在地点周围的附近位置标记读取位置信息；以及移动监视和显示系统。该系统被配置为从移动跟踪系统接收信号；并且包括微处理器和存储器，其控制系统的功能，以显示移动跟踪系统的状态和地理坐标。
以下是在上述各方面的范围内的一些实施例。
位置标记由移动跟踪系统读取，并且移动跟踪系统为位置标记产生该位置标记被读取的时间和关于该位置标记的地理坐标信息和/或用户友好的名称的记录。位置信息是地理坐标信息和/或用户友好的位置信息。
根据附加的方面，实时位置跟踪的方法包括部署多个位置标记，这些位置标记利用地点周围的位置标记被固定到的位置的位置信息来编程；部署移动跟踪系统，以便从放置在地点周围的附近位置标记读取位置信息；由移动监视和显示系统从移动跟踪系统接收信号，以显示移动跟踪系统的状态和地理坐标。
所公开的实时位置系统通过改变系统被部署的方式并且将设置过程与标签位置发现过程解耦来解决或减轻这些问题。
本发明的一个或多个实施例的细节在附图和以下描述中阐述。本发明的其它特征、目的以及优点从描述和附图以及从权利要求书是显而易见的。
附图说明
图1是示例性联网安全系统的示意图。
图2是实时位置系统的框图。
图3-7是图2的实时位置系统的部件的框图。
图8是对理解设置有用的示例性布局规划。
图9-12是对理解图2的RTL系统的设置和操作有用的图。
图13是用于物理处所安全应用的示例传感器网络的框图。
具体实施方式
本文所描述的是可以在各种背景下使用的网络特征的例子，包括但不限于，安全/入侵和报警系统。示例安全系统可以包括被电或无线地连接到各种传感器的入侵探测面板。那些传感器类型可以包括运动探测器、相机和接近传感器(例如，用来确定门或窗是否已经被打开)。通常，这种系统从这些传感器当中一个或多个传感器接收相对简单的信号(电气开或关)，以指示被监控的特定状况已经改变或变得不安全。
例如，典型的入侵系统可被设置为监控建筑物中的入口门。当门是安全的时候，接近传感器感测到磁性接触并产生电关闭电路。当门被打开时，接近传感器打开电路，并向面板发送指示报警状况已发生(例如，打开的入口门)的信号。
数据收集系统在一些应用，诸如家庭安全监控，当中变得越来越普遍。数据收集系统采用无线传感器网络和无线设备，并且可以包括基于远程服务器的监控和报告生成。如下面更详细描述的，无线传感器网络一般使用计算设备之间的有线和无线链路的组合，无线链路通常用于最低级的连接(例如，端节点设备到集线器/网关)。在示例网络中，网络的边缘(无线连接的)层由具有特定功能的资源受限设备组成。这些设备可以具有小至中等数量的处理能力和存储器：并且可以是电池供电的，因此要求它们通过将大量时间花费在睡眠模式下来节省能源。典型的模式是边缘设备通常形成单个无线网络，其中在该单个无线网络中每个端节点以集线器和辐条式体系架构直接与其父节点通信。父节点可以是，例如，网关上的接入点或子协调器，其又连接到接入点或另一个子协调器。
现在参考图1，示出了用于无线传感器网络(WSN)的示例性(全局)分布式网络拓扑。在图1中，分布式网络10拓扑被逻辑地划分成层或分层级别的集合12a-12c。
用于传感器网络的全局分布式网络拓扑结构包括在各个节点或节点的集合由圆圈元素“R”表示的分布式规则引擎。在网络的上层或分层级别12a中部署若干服务器和/或运行“云计算”范例的虚拟服务器14，这些服务器利用良好建立的联网技术，诸如互联网协议联网到一起，或者可以是不使用互联网或使用互联网的部分的私有网络。在那些服务器14上运行的应用利用各种协议通信，诸如对于web互联网网络的XML/SOAP、RESTful的Web服务，以及诸如HTTP和ATOM的其它应用层技术。分布式网络10在设备(节点)之间具有直接链路，如以下示出和讨论的。
分布式网络10包括第二逻辑划分层或分层级别12b，在本文被称为涉及定位于各个建筑物和结构中的中心、方便位置处的网关16的中间层。这些网关16利用web编程技术与上层中的服务器14通信，不管服务器是独立专用服务器和/或运行云应用的基于云的服务器。中间层网关16还被示为既具有局域网17a(例如，以太网或802.11)又具有蜂窝网络接口17b。
分布式网络拓扑还包括下层(边缘层)12c设备集合，其涉及全功能传感器节点18(例如，包括无线设备的传感器节点，例如收发器或者至少发送器，这在图1中标记为“F”)以及受限的无线传感器节点或传感器端节点20(在图1中标记为“C”)。在一些实施例中，有线传感器(未示出)可以被包括在分布式网络10的各方面中。
实时位置系统
现在参考图2，描述利用静止的无线传感器节点和便携式收发器的实时位置系统40。系统40包括定位收发器系统(PTS)42、具有位置标记编程器(TTLMP)44的标签收发器、位置标记(LM)46、移动跟踪系统48以及移动监视和显示系统50。
参考图3，定位收发器系统42包括子系统42a，其确定定位收发器系统42相对于全球坐标系统的位置，诸如纬度和经度。这种系统的例子将是GPS接收器。PTS 42还包括传统的定位元件42b，其被用来确定到传统的标签的距离或角度。系统42还包括电路系统43，其包括被用来控制定位收发器系统42的元件的微处理器和存储器子系统43a，以及在操作期间向系统供给电力的电池和电源电子子系统43c，和在各个其它定位收发器系统(未示出)之间提供数据和时间同步以及数据到具有位置标记编程器44的标记收发器的传送的系统子系统43b。
参考图4，具有位置标记编程器44的标签收发器包括标签元件44a，它与定位元件42b(图3)一起被用来确定具有位置标记编程器44的标记收发器相对于全球定位坐标的位置，还包括被用来利用坐标和用户友好的位置信息编程位置标记的位置标记编程器44b。具有位置标记编程器44的标记收发器还包括电路系统45，其包括微处理器和存储器子系统45a(以及电池和电源电子子系统45c)和通信子系统45b，被用来控制标签收发器44a和位置标记编程器44b的元件、在与通信子系统操作期间向标签收发器44a和位置标记编程器44b供给电力，从而在各个定位收发器系统之间提供数据和时间同步。
参考图5，示出了位置标记46。位置标记46是由具有位置标记编程器44的标签收发器(图4)利用位置标记46将被固定到的位置的地理坐标和/或用户友好的位置(例如，用户提供的名称)进行编程的低成本元件。位置标记46包括电路系统47，其包括控制位置标记46的功能的处理器47a和可以由具有位置标记编程器46的标签收发器利用地理坐标和/或友好的位置信息进行编程的存储器47b，以及与具有位置标记编程器46的标签收发器通信的通信块47d。
在位置标记46中还包括用于通信块47d的天线46a。天线46a可被配置为提供不同的灵敏度模式，以允许定向读取。位置标记46还包括在操作期间向系统提供电力的能量存储和电力电子器件模块47c。位置标记46可以在编程期间利用内部电池、外部电源供电或者通过从具有位置标记编程器46的标签收发器获取电力来供电，并且在跟踪阶段期间从移动监视和显示系统50(图2)供电，如下面所讨论的。
参考图6，移动跟踪系统48由用户携带并被用来从放置在地点周围的附近位置标记46读取位置信息。移动跟踪系统48在操作的跟踪阶段期间向移动监视和显示系统50传送地理坐标和/或用户友好的位置信息。移动跟踪系统48包括在操作的跟踪阶段期间从位置标记46读取信息的位置标记读取器48a，促进与位置标记46的通信的天线48b，以及包括微处理器和存储器49a的、控制移动跟踪系统48的各个部件的操作的电路系统49。在电路系统49中还包括向系统48提供电力的电池和电力电子块49b以及在移动跟踪系统48与移动监视和显示系统50之间提供通信通道的通信块49c。
参考图7，移动监视和显示系统50在显示器上显示一个或多个移动跟踪系统的状态和地理坐标和/或用户友好的位置，显示器还可以显示地点或建筑物的地图或楼层平面图。移动监视和显示系统50包括显示器50a，其传送关于与移动监视和显示系统50关联的移动跟踪系统48的地理坐标和/或用户友好的位置信息的可视和/或可听信息。移动监视和显示系统50还包括控制移动监视和显示系统50的功能的微处理器和存储器51a，和提供电力来操作移动监视和显示系统50的电池和电力电子器件51b，以及向与这个移动监视和显示系统50关联的一个或多个移动跟踪系统提供通信通道的通信块51c。
系统操作的描述
操作的部署和设置阶段
设置系统40涉及在要如此装备的地点或建筑物周围设置若干定位收发器系统元件42。这些元件中的每一个被放置在已知的地理位置或者在诸如GPS的地理位置接收器系统将有能力准确地确定其地理坐标的位置。定位收发器元件被放置在将在要被调查并配备位置标记46的地点或建筑物的区域范围内的位置。
一旦定位收发器系统42遍及整个地点被放置，用户就通过将具有位置标记编程器44的标签收发器带到地点周围要用位置标记46做标记的各个位置来开始调查。通常，位置标记46将被放置在诸如走廊、门道、电梯、楼梯及其它在操作的跟踪阶段期间人流将在此移动的阻塞点的位置。当找到放置位置标记的位置时，具有位置标记编程器44的标签收发器确定那个位置的地理坐标和/或用户将用户友好的名称(诸如“西北楼梯，2楼“)输入具有位置标记编程器44的标签收发器。位置标记46利用位置地理位置和/或用户友好的名称来编程并且位置标记46在那个位置被固定到建筑物或地点。该信息可以包括资产的类型，例如，烟雾探测器、出口标志、资产的ID、地理坐标、处所中的位置。这个过程在地点或建筑物周围的每个位置重复，使得建筑物或地点具有适当的覆盖率，以允许在操作的跟踪阶段期间的跟踪。
现在参考图8，示出了在操作的部署阶段期间位置标记46的编程的典型例子。在这种情况下，有3个被放置在建筑物外部3个位置的定位收发器42。示出了两个具有地理坐标和用户友好的位置名称的位置标记46。位置标记46(图的右侧)由具有位置标记编程器44的标签收发器编程。
在确定地点或建筑物周围的各个位置标记46的地理坐标不切实际或以其它方式不期望的情况下，标签可以仅利用用户友好的位置信息进行编程。即使没有地理坐标，友好的位置名称也为在操作的跟踪阶段期间跟踪该位置提供显著的价值。
操作的跟踪阶段：
现在参考图9，在操作的跟踪阶段期间，通常固定到被跟踪的人或高价值资产的移动跟踪系统48被部署到地点。当移动跟踪系统48在该地点周围移动时，移动跟踪系统48移动到位于建筑物或地点周围的各个位置标记46附近。当移动跟踪系统48读取各个位置标记时，移动跟踪系统48产生位置标记46被读取的时间和关于每个位置标记46的地理坐标信息和用户友好的位置名称的记录。这个信息经通信通道被传送到移动监视和显示系统50。在一些情况下，一个以上移动跟踪系统48可被部署到可被单独显示在移动监视和显示系统50上的地点或建筑物。
现在参考图10A和10B，示出了应急人员携带移动跟踪系统48作为其装备的一部分的潜在用例。在这个例子中，有位于建筑物周围的两个不同位置的2个消防员。在这个例子中，移动监视和显示系统50(图10B)只显示消防员的上次已知位置的友好名称和多久以前他们在那个位置。
移动跟踪系统48使用可以具有显著过量程(over range)的位置标记(未示出)，从而允许位置标记从大距离远处被读取，这会造成问题。有若干管理那种过量程的方法：位置标记读取器中的电力可被向下调整至仅读取短距离。位置标记和/或位置标记读取器中的天线尺寸可被配置为最小化过量程。位置标记可被配置为具有可指向特定范围的窄波束天线，以缩小读取区并减小如图11中所示的过量程。而且，如图12中所示，两个具有窄波束天线的位置标记46可以被放置在彼此附近，这可以在移动跟踪系统48在两个位置标记46的范围内通过时提供其运动方向和速度。位置标记46可以包含允许位置标记46周围的存在区连同位置信息一起显示的准确度信息。位置标记46可以利用仅允许授权用户读取信息的加密技术存储信息。
位置跟踪系统40可以利于任何适当类型的计算设备，诸如大型机工作站、个人计算机、服务器、便携式计算设备或任何其它类型的能够执行指令、连接到网络和通过网络转发数据包的智能设备来实现，并且可以执行任何适当的计算机程序来生成、接收和发送用在网络上的数据包。
以上讨论的每个过程可以被存储在一个或多个非临时性机器可读介质上，诸如持久或非持久的存储可执行指令的计算机存储器。这些设备中每一个还可以包括用于执行指令以执行本文所描述的全部或部分功能的一个或多个处理设备(例如，微处理器、可编程逻辑、专用集成电路等等)。
本文所描述的不同实施例的元件可以被组合，以形成未在上面具体阐述的其它实施例。元件可被排除在本文所述的结构之外，而不会不利地影响它们的操作。此外，各个分开的元件可以被组合到一个或多个单独的元件中，以执行本文所描述的功能。
示例应用
WSN的示例、非限制性应用是在安装在诸如一个或多个住宅或(一个或多个)建筑物之类的一个或多个处所当中并且尤其在例如商业、工业建筑物、复合体等等当中的，用于入侵探测、火灾、有毒气体等的安全系统中。
图13示出了具有关于图1所述的WSN的特征并且具有本文所述的各种功能的安全系统的例子。如图13中所示，关联处理从某些受限节点接收输入(但这些节点也可以是全功能节点)。这些输入可以包括凭证信息和视频信息，并且相关处理可以产生经网络发送的相关结果。背景管理处理从某些受限节点接收输入(但这些节点也可以是全功能节点)，例如，凭证信息以及视频和分组信息，并且对于经网络发送的结果执行背景处理。网络支持紧急出口指示器；紧急摄像头以及分布式规则处理和规则引擎/消息处理的操作。范围扩展器与例如网关一起使用，并且，如图所示，实时位置系统从各种传感器(例如，受限的类型)接收输入。经由云计算配置到WSN的服务器接口以及一些网络的部分可以作为子网运行。
除了在传感器的范围之内的区域中探测到某物的指示，传感器还提供可被用来评估那个指示是什么的详细附加信息，而无需入侵探测面板执行对特定传感器的输入的广泛分析。
例如，运动探测器可被配置为分析在房间内移动的温暖主体的热签名，以确定主体是人还是宠物。那个分析的结果将是传达关于探测到的主体的信息的消息或数据。因此，各种传感器被用来以适当的组合感测声音、运动、振动、压力、热、图像等等，以探测在入侵探测面板处的真实或通过验证的报警条件。
辨别软件可被用来区分是人的对象和是动物的对象；进一步的面部辨别软件可以内置到摄像机中并被用来验证周边入侵是辨别出的被授权的个体的结果。这种摄像机将包括处理器和存储器和识别软件，以处理由相机(捕获的图像)的输入并产生元数据，以传达关于由摄像机捕获的个体的辨别或缺乏辨别的信息。处理还可以替代地或另外地包括关于在由摄像机捕获/监控的区域中的个体的特点的信息。因此，依赖于具体情况，信息将是从对到传感器的、给出周边入侵的特点的输入执行增强的分析的增强的运动探测器和摄像机接收到的元数据或者是从寻求建立对象的辨别的非常复杂的处理得到的元数据。
传感器设备可以集成多个传感器，以生成更复杂的输出，使得入侵探测面板可以利用其处理能力通过建立环境的虚拟图像或签名以做出关于闯入的有效性的智能决策来执行分析环境的算法。
存储器存储由入侵探测面板的处理器使用的程序指令和数据。存储器可以是随机存取存储器和只读存储器的适当组合，并且可以托管合适的程序指令(例如，固件或操作软件)，以及配置和操作数据并且可以被组织为文件系统或其它。所存储的程序指令可以包括用于认证一个或多个用户的一个或多个认证过程。存储在面板的存储器中的程序指令还可以存储软件组件，从而允许网络通信和到数据网络的连接的建立。软件组件可以，例如，包括互联网协议(IP)栈，以及用于各种接口的驱动程序组件，包括接口和键盘。适于建立连接并跨网络进行通信的其它软件组件对于普通技术人员将是清楚的。
存储在存储器中的程序指令，连同配置数据一起，可以控制面板的整体操作。
监控服务器包括一个或多个处理设备(例如，微处理器)、网络接口和存储器(都未示出)。监控服务器可以物理地采取机架安装卡的形式并且可以与一个或多个操作者终端(未示出)通信。示例监控服务器是SURGARDTMSG-System III Virtual或类似的系统。
每个监控服务器的处理器充当用于每个监控服务器的控制器，并且与每个服务器通信并控制每个服务器的整体操作。处理器可以包括存储器，或者与其通信，其中存储器存储处理器可执行指令，从而控制监控服务器的整体操作。合适的软件使每个监控服务器能够接收报警并导致适当的动作发生。软件可以包括合适的互联网协议(IP)栈和应用/客户端。
中央监控站的每个监控服务器可以与IP地址和(一个或多个)端口关联，每个监控服务器通过该IP地址和(一个或多个)端口与控制面板和/或用户设备进行通信，以处理报警事件等。监控服务器地址可以是静态的，并且因此总是对入侵探测面板识别监控服务器中特定的一个。作为替代，动态地址可以被使用，并且与通过域名服务解析的静态域名相关联。
网络接口卡与网络接口，以接收进入的信号，并且可以例如采取以太网网络接口卡(NIC)的形式。服务器可以是计算机、瘦客户端等等，接收到的代表报警事件的数据被传递到该服务器，用于由人类操作员处理。监控站还可以包括，或在数据库引擎的控制下能访问，包括数据库的订阅者数据库。数据库可以包含对应于到面板，就像由监控站提供服务的面板，的各个订阅者设备/过程的条目。
本文描述的过程的全部或部分及其各种修改(以下称为“过程”)可以至少部分地经由计算机程序产品，即，有形地体现在一个或多个是计算机的有形的物理硬件存储设备和/或机器可读存储设备中的计算机程序来实现，用于由数据处理装置，例如可编程处理器、计算机或多个计算机执行，或者控制其操作。
计算机程序可以用任何形式的编程语言编写，包括编译或解释语言，并且它可以以任何形式部署，包括作为独立程序或作为模块、组件、子例程或适合在计算环境中使用的其它单元。计算机程序可被部署成在一个计算机上或在一个站点的多个计算机上执行或者跨多个站点分布并由网络互连。
与实现过程相关联的动作可以由执行一个或多个计算机程序以执行校准过程的功能的一个或多个可编程处理器来执行。过程的全部或部分可被实现为专用逻辑电路，例如FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)和/或ASIC(专用集成电路)。
举例来说，适于计算机程序的执行的处理器包括通用和专用微处理器，以及任何类型的数字计算机的任何一个或多个处理器。一般而言，处理器将从只读存储区或随机存取存储区域或两者接收指令和数据。计算机(包括服务器)的元件包括用于执行指令的一个或多个处理器和用于存储指令和数据的一个或多个存储区域设备。一般而言，计算机还将包括一个或多个机器可读存储介质，诸如用于存储数据的大容量存储设备，例如磁、磁光盘或光盘，或者操作耦合到该一个或多个机器可读存储介质以从其接收数据，或将数据传送到该一个或多个机器可读存储介质，或两者兼有。
适于体现计算机程序指令和数据的有形物理硬件存储设备包括所有形式的非易失性储存器，举例来说，包括半导体存储区域设备，例如EPROM、EEPROM和闪存存储区域设备；磁盘，例如内部硬盘或可移动盘；磁-光盘；及CD-ROM和DVD-ROM盘，以及易失性计算机存储器，例如，诸如静态和动态RAM的RAM以及可擦除存储器，例如闪存。
此外，附图中绘出的逻辑流不要求只有所示出的特定次序或顺序次序才能达到期望的结果。此外，可以提供其它动作，或者动作可以从所描述的流程被去除，并且其它组件可被添加到或从所描述的系统中去除。同样，附图中所绘出的动作可以由不同的实体执行或者被合并。
本文所述的不同实施例的元素可以组合，以形成未在上面具体阐述的其它实施例。元素可被排除在本文所述的过程、计算机程序、网页等等之外，而不会不利地影响它们的操作。此外，各种独立的元素可被组合成一个或多个单独的元素，以执行本文所述的功能。
本文未具体描述的其它实现也在以下权利要求书的范围之内。

Claims (14)

1.一种实时位置系统，包括：
多个位置标记，利用地点周围的该位置标记被固定到的位置的位置信息来被编程；
移动跟踪系统，从放置在该地点周围的附近位置标记读取位置信息；
移动监视和显示系统，该系统被配置为从移动跟踪系统接收信号；并且包括：
微处理器和存储器，控制系统的功能以显示移动跟踪系统的状态和地理坐标。
2.如权利要求1所述的实时位置系统，还包括：
定位收发器系统，被配置为在设置期间确定定位收发器系统相对于全球坐标系统的定位。
3.如权利要求1所述的实时位置系统，还包括：
具有位置标记编程器的标签收发器，以确定标签收发器相对于全球定位坐标的位置并利用位置信息编程该多个位置标记。
4.如权利要求1所述的实时位置系统，其中位置标记由移动跟踪系统读取，并且移动跟踪系统为位置标记产生该位置标记被读取的时间和关于该位置标记的地理坐标信息和/或用户友好的位置名称的记录。
5.如权利要求1所述的实时位置系统，其中定位收发器系统元件被遍及整个地点放置。
6.如权利要求1所述的实时位置系统，其中位置信息是地理坐标信息和/或用户友好的位置信息。
7.如权利要求1所述的实时位置系统，其中位置标记包括：
电路系统，包括处理器和存储器，控制位置标记并被配置为利用地理坐标和/或友好的位置信息进行编程，该位置标记还包括用于位置信息的传送的天线。
8.如权利要求1所述的实时位置系统，其中移动跟踪系统还包括：
位置标记读取器，在操作的跟踪阶段期间从位置标记读取信息；
天线，促进与位置标记的通信；及
电路系统，包括控制移动跟踪系统的操作的微处理器和存储器。
9.如权利要求1所述的实时位置系统，其中定位收发器系统还包括：
定位元件，被用来确定到传统标签的距离或角度；
全球定位收发器；及
电路系统，包括微处理器和存储器子系统，以控制定位收发器系统并用于数据到具有位置标记编程器的标签收发器的传送。
10.如权利要求1所述的实时位置系统，其中具有位置标记编程器的标签收发器还包括：
标签，以确定具有位置标记编程器的标签收发器相对于全球定位坐标的位置，以及位置标记编程器，以利用坐标和用户友好的位置信息编程位置标记。
11.一种实时位置系统，包括：
定位收发器系统，被配置为确定定位收发器系统相对于全球坐标系统的定位；
多个位置标记，利用地点周围的该位置标记被固定到的位置的位置信息进行编程；
具有位置标记编程器的标签收发器，以确定标签收发器相对于全球定位坐标的位置并利用位置信息编程多个位置标记；
移动跟踪系统，从被放置在该地点周围的附近位置标记读取位置信息；
移动监视和显示系统，该系统被配置为从移动跟踪系统接收信号；并且包括：
微处理器和存储器，控制系统的功能以显示移动跟踪系统的状态和地理坐标。
12.如权利要求1所述的实时位置系统，其中位置标记由移动跟踪系统读取，并且移动跟踪系统为位置标记产生所述位置标记被读取的时间和关于所述位置标记的地理坐标信息和/或用户友好的位置名称的记录。
13.如权利要求1所述的实时位置系统，其中位置信息是地理坐标信息和/或用户友好的位置信息。
14.一种实时位置跟踪的方法，该方法包括：
部署多个位置标记，该多个位置标记利用地点周围的该位置标记被固定到的位置的位置信息进行编程；
部署移动跟踪系统，以从放置在该地点周围的附近位置标记读取位置信息；
由移动监视和显示系统从移动跟踪系统接收信号，以显示移动跟踪系统的状态和地理坐标。
CN201580016948.9A 2014-02-28 2015-02-26 无线传感器网络中的实时位置系统 Active CN106415307B (zh)

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