CN107002367A - 用于生产包装材料的方法和由该方法制备的包装材料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及制造包装材料的方法,包括步骤:使用粘合剂以及使用金属盐处理纸板衬底的至少一个表面,用油墨印刷所述经处理的表面的至少一部分,和在所述经印刷的表面上施加至少一个聚合物层。根据本发明制造的包装材料同时表现出良好的可印刷性以及所施加的聚合物层的良好粘附力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生产包装材料的方法和由该方法制备的包装材料
背景技术
用于液体容器和食品包装的基于纤维的包装材料通常设置有(provided with)阻挡层(barrier layer),典型地以纸板衬底上的致密的膜的形式设置。包装材料中的阻挡层,通常涉及使用聚合物作为基底纸板衬底上的薄层。这些聚合物提供优异的产品防护性能并且对于例如液体或食品的包装来说是有效的屏障(barriers)。经常用作屏障的聚合物是热塑性的聚合物例如PE(聚乙烯)、PP(聚丙烯)和PLA(聚乳酸)。
可以将阻透聚合物(barrier polymer)挤出涂布或层压至纸板衬底上。纸板表面和聚合物层之间良好的粘附力(adhesion)不仅对提供有效的屏障是必要的,对防止毛边渗透(raw edge penetration)并确保良好的可改变性(convertability)也是必要的。为提高表面的表面能而进行的纸板的表面处理,例如电晕(corona)、等离子或火焰处理,通常用来增强板表面和聚合物层之间的粘附力。
包装材料的另一重要品质是它的可印刷性。最普遍的用于包装板材料印刷的印刷技术是单张纸胶印工艺(sheet-fed offset)、凹版印刷(rotogravure)或柔版凹印(flexogravure)。然而,最近几年,数字印刷以及特别地喷墨(ink jet)印刷(在以前,其大多应用在纸的印刷中)也在纸板印刷中受到关注(become of interest)。喷墨印刷技术对印刷衬底提出高的要求,因为油墨必须在衬底上快速干燥并且还要提供高的印刷品质。理想的印刷品质涉及高的光学印刷密度、最小化的顺桨(feathering)和印流(bleeding)、良好的点锐度(dot sharpness)、高的印刷均匀度和低的透印(strike through)。喷墨油墨对纸板表面的粘附力,然后特别是基于颜料的着色剂对纸板表面的粘附力因由印刷工艺设置的限制(即液滴尺寸、喷嘴直径、喷射方法等)而是特别低的。典型地,喷墨油墨的粘度和表面张力相对地低,这之后会导致板上相对较弱结合的油墨层。此外,最近开发的油墨通常表现出相当弱的对纤维的粘附力以使得有效地脱墨(de-inking)成为可能。
因此,由于形成的弱边界层(即油墨层),阻透聚合物层对经印刷的油墨层以及对衬底表面的粘附力可能受到负面影响。
关于印刷纸,已知向面胶(surface size)加入金属盐、优选多价盐例如氯化钙引起了喷墨印刷品质方面的显著改善。US6207258公开了可用于对喷墨印刷用的纸张进行表面处理的组合物,其包括二价金属的盐。然而,金属盐还未被成功地用于包装板材料的处理中。由于包装板材料通常具有比纸更粗糙且更多孔的表面,因而所述盐具有吸收以及更多地向衬底中渗透的倾向,从而为沉积的油墨着色剂留下更加少的在表面可用(surfaceaccessible)的盐。因此,需要大量的多价阳离子来获得在印刷品质方面所需的效果。然而,施加较高浓度的金属盐会造成饱和,其继而造成盐沉淀成晶体。这样的沉淀物可造成阻透聚合物层对纸板基衬底的粘附力方面的问题。另一风险是,如果粘合剂与多价金属盐在物理-化学方面不相容的话,那么此前用于基板的包括粘合剂例如淀粉的表面处理制剂可能导致弱的边界层。因此,目前普遍的假设是,待聚合物层压或涂布的纸板材料不能用金属盐来处理,因为这负面地影响聚合物层的粘附力。解决该问题的一种途径是在施加的阻透聚合物层上印刷。然而,如果将要在聚合物层上印刷油墨,则油墨必须是UV、EB或基于特定溶剂的,这涉及到安全风险。
发明概要
本发明的目的在于提供聚合物挤出涂布或层压的纸板材料,其适用于食品或液体的包装,所述纸板材料呈现出优异的阻隔性能、基板和聚合物层之间良好的粘附力、以及良好的印刷品质。
根据本发明令人惊奇地通过如下得以实现该目的:用粘合剂以及用金属盐处理包括纤维素纤维的纸板衬底的至少一个表面、用油墨印刷所述经处理的表面的至少一部分、和在所述经印刷的表面施加至少一个聚合物层。
根据本发明制造的包装材料同时表现出良好的可印刷性以及所施加聚合物层的良好的粘附力。已令人惊奇地表明,如果将粘合剂先于、和/或与单价或多价的金属盐一起施加至表面,则可用单价或多价离子的金属盐对纸板基底进行表面处理,并且还允许聚合物层的良好的粘附力。粘合剂阻止金属盐向板的表面的渗透。不受任何理论的约束,据认为本文所公开的粘合剂体系积极地增强了金属盐对经沉积的着色剂的可用性(accessibility)。因此,单价或多价金属盐可以相对较少的量施加,由此避免了饱和的风险、沉淀的粘合剂-盐聚集体的结晶和/或形成。根据本发明的处理既增强了印刷品质又增强了聚合物对纸板表面的粘附力。
所施加的粘合剂可选自:微纤化纤维素(MFC)、纳米纤维素、纳米晶纤维素、淀粉和/或聚DADMAC、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)和/或聚乙二醇(PEG)或其任意组合或变体。在一些实施方式中,粘合剂包括阳离子型粘合剂(例如阳离子型淀粉和/或聚DADMAC)。阳离子型粘合剂已表现出提供给油墨颗粒对衬底表面良好的粘附力。在另一优选的实施方式中,粘合剂包括MFC。MFC塞入(plug)表面的孔并由此减少单价或多价金属盐向衬底的渗透。MFC可例如是阴离子改性的。阴离子改性的MFC可与单价或多价阳离子相互作用,因此提供用于定位(fixation)阴离子型着色剂的阳离子位点(cationic sites)。此外,所施加的MFC产生光滑的表面并增强水和/或(共)溶剂在油墨中的吸收,由于更快的油墨层固定(immobilization)这甚至更进一步地改善了印刷品质。可以向表面以至少0.1g/m2(干,dry)的量施加MFC。
粘合剂,例如MFC,可作为分散体独立于金属盐的施加,且在金属盐的施加之前施加至表面。在这种方式中,粘合剂可在纸板表面和聚合物之间形成膜并阻止金属盐向多孔纸板的表面的渗透。
备选地,可在同一步骤中向纸板衬底的表面加入粘合剂和金属盐,即作为包括所述粘合剂和单价或多价金属盐的组合物。这使得该方法(工艺)更加有效,并且已表明粘合剂依然阻止金属盐向纸板表面的渗透。已令人惊奇地发现,即使在高的电解质浓度,所述粘合剂制剂也是非常稳定的。
可使用任何已知的应用技术将粘合剂、金属盐和/或包括该粘合剂和该金属盐的组合物施加至纸板衬底的表面,例如表面施胶、层压或涂布,包括但不限于:喷涂、幕式涂布、挤出涂布、薄膜压榨涂布(film press coating)、刮刀涂布或发泡涂布(foamcoating)。
金属盐是单价或更优选地是多价金属、例如二价或三价金属的盐。
所述盐可例如为氯化钙、氯化铝、氯化镁、溴化镁、溴化钙、氯化钡、硝酸钙、硝酸镁、硝酸钡、醋酸钙、醋酸镁或醋酸钡、或它们的混合物。最优选地,该盐为氯化钙。可以以至少0.01g/m2的量、优选以至少0.1g/m2的量将多价金属盐施加至表面。最优选地,以0.01-1g/m2.的量将金属盐施加至表面。由于粘合剂避免盐向表面的渗透,本发明的方法允许向衬底表面加入少量的金属盐,且仍然积极地影响印刷品质。
聚合物层可包括热塑性聚合物。聚合物可例如包括聚乙烯(PE)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚丙烯(PP)和/或聚乳酸(PLA)和/或任何那些包括所提及的热塑性塑料的变体的生物基材料。可使用任何已知的涂布或覆膜(film)应用技术(例如挤出涂布)向至经印刷的表面施加聚合物。还可在一个或数个层中施加该聚合物阻隔涂层。
本发明进一步涉及由上述方法制备的包装材料。根据本发明的包装材料适用于包装例如干的或液态的食品、化妆品或药品。
本发明进一步涉及包装材料,其包括:纸板衬底、包括粘合剂的最内侧的第一层、施加在所述第一层上的包括单价或多价金属的金属盐的第二层、印刷所述第二层至少一部分上的水性油墨和施加在所述经印刷的第二层上的聚合物层。
本发明进一步涉及包装材料,其包括:纸板衬底,包括粘合剂和金属盐的最内侧的层、印刷在所述最内侧层至少一部分上的水性油墨、和施加在所述经印刷的最内侧层上的聚合物层。
发明详述
“包括纤维素纤维的纸板衬底”是指具有至少150克、更优选至少180克克重的基底纸板,其包括来自漂白或未漂白的纸浆(pulp)的纤维,所述纸浆可为化学纸浆例如硫酸盐、牛皮纸(kraft)、苏打或亚硫酸盐纸浆,机械纸浆、高度精制的纸浆(MFC),热机械纸浆或化学-热机械纸浆,以及原材料可基于适用于制造纸板的非木材、或针叶木、阔叶木、再生纤维。优选地,纸板衬底为包括至少两个层、例如三个层(例如顶层、背层和中间层)的多层纸板衬底。纸板衬底可在顶层的表面上用例如淀粉和包括色素的添加剂来进行表面施胶。背层也可进行表面施胶和/或、着色或单面或双面涂布。
“微纤化纤维素”(MFC)是指典型地由木纤维素纤维、无论阔叶木或针叶木纤维制造的材料。其也可由微生物来源、农业纤维(agricultural fibres)例如麦草浆、竹子或其它非木材纤维来源来制造。MFC由未处理的、化学(例如TEMPO氧化或羧甲基化)或酶处理的纸浆来制备,之后进行纤维的机械剥离(delamination)。在微纤化纤维素中,各微纤丝(microfibrils)已彼此分离。微纤化纤维素是非常细的(约20nm或更小)并且长度通常为100nm-10μm。然而,微纤丝还可以更长,例如10-200μm。被作为纳米颗粒提及的微纤化纤维素(MFC)还已知为纳米纤维素、纳米纤维化的纤维素或纤维素纳米纤丝(CNF)。通过例如使用硫酸或HCl进行强烈的水解获得的纳米纤维素形成纤维素纳米晶体(CNC)。对于所有的这些定义,包括这些材料的组合,在此上下文中均同样意指微纤化纤维素,MFC。
图1为根据本发明的包装材料的示意图。
图2为根据本发明的第二种包装材料的示意图。
图1中所示的包装材料包括纸板衬底、与该纸板衬底直接接触的最内侧的层(2),所述最内侧的层包括粘合剂和多价金属盐。所述最内侧的层印刷有油墨(3)以及聚合物层(4)被施加在所述经印刷的表面上。
图2中所示的包装材料包括纸板衬底(1)、包括粘合剂的最内侧的第一层(2)、施加在所述第一层上的包括金属盐的第二层(3)、印刷在所述第二层(3)至少一部分上的油墨(4)和施加在所述经印刷的第二层上的聚合物层(5)。
在本申请的上下文中,术语“最内侧”意指直接施加在纸板衬底上的层。
本发明中所使用的油墨包括颜料、或颜料和染料,并且其可以是水性的或基于溶剂的、或水和(共)溶剂的混合物,由此形成适用于油墨颗粒的载体介质。优选地,油墨包括阴离子型纳米颗粒(作为着色剂)。优选地,使用喷墨打印来印刷油墨,因此,最优选地使用卷对卷(reel to reel)的或单张纸(sheet-fed)的高速喷墨,但是也可应用其它印刷技术,例如柔版、平版印刷、液体墨粉电子照相印刷(liquid toner electrophotographyprinting)和/或混合型印刷手段例如柔版和喷墨的组合。在用包括颜料的油墨印刷之前,衬底可油墨设置有额外的底漆层。这样的底漆层可包括盐或不含颜料的油墨并且可用本领域技术人员悉知的常规柔版、凹版印刷方法来施加。因此,在喷墨油墨的沉积之前,还可油墨用高速喷墨来施加额外的底漆层。
本发明的包装材料可设置有附加(further)的阻隔层。背层可例如在一个或数个层中设置有聚合物阻隔层。
实施例
为了评估本发明的纸板材料,进行了系列测试,其中根据本发明处理过的纸板的印刷品质和聚合物粘附力与常规的未处理的纸板进行了对比。测试中的所有纸板均为三层结构,具有顶层和背层以及中间层。顶层包括漂白的硫酸盐纸浆,中间层包括CTMP和未漂白的硫酸盐,以及背层包括未漂白的硫酸盐纸浆。纸板的基重(basis weight)为约255克。依据表1,本发明的样品(2-5)被刮刀(刮刀涂布机配有施胶辊)涂布有约3g/m2的量的多价金属盐(CaCl2)和粘合剂。
在参照纸板(样品1)和本发明的纸板(样品2-5)上进行了对比测试。使用具有彩色墨盒10、CAT394 7066和黑色墨盒10、CAT 394 7058的柯达台式打印机ESP5来印刷所有的样品(所述油墨包括纳米颗粒着色剂)。通过测量光学(印刷)密度(OD)、印刷墨斑和水平印流来评估印刷质量。依照DIN 16536通过使用Greta Macbeth D19C 47B/P由彩色滤光器来测量“光学密度”。SUM YCM是指黄、青和品红的总和,100%色调区域,并且表明颜色密度。依照ISO 13660通过使用Scanner IAS来测量“印刷墨斑”。“水平印流黑色”(Horizontalbleeding black)是指印刷在经黄色印刷的背景上的黑色线条的印流,依照ISO 13660通过使用Scanner IAS对其测量。
表1:
印刷品质测量也被总结于表1中。对比体现出,与参照纸板相比,根据本发明处理过的样品印刷品质显著地更好。对使用聚DADMAC、淀粉和盐处理过的样品,观察到了最高的光学密度、最低的墨斑和最低的印流。
之后,在刮刀涂布机中以约14g/m2的量用聚乙烯对所有的纸板进行涂布。测量聚合物对参照纸板(样品1),对用MFC、聚DADMAC和盐处理过的纸板,对用聚DADMAC、淀粉和盐处理过的纸板的粘附力。聚合物粘附力的测量总结于表2中。
表2
样品1(参照) | 样品4 | 样品5 | |
PE粘附力[N/m] | 70,9 | 67,4 | PE太紧而不能剥离 |
如表2中所见,用MFC、聚DADMAC和金属盐处理过的纸板显示出了与参照纸板不相上下(相当的,comparable)的聚合物粘附力,而用聚DADMAC、阳离子型淀粉和金属盐处理过的纸板显示出强得多的聚合物粘附力。因此,结果表明,根据本发明的处理赋予纸板高得多的印刷品质和相当的且增强的聚合物粘附力。
Claims (12)
1.生产包装材料的方法,其包括步骤:
提供包括纤维素纤维的纸板衬底,
用粘合剂以及用金属盐处理所述衬底的至少一个表面,
用油墨印刷所述经处理的表面的至少一部分,和
在所述经印刷的表面上施加至少一个聚合物层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中粘合剂选自微纤化纤维素(MFC)、淀粉、聚DADMAC、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)和聚乙二醇(PEG)和/或这些的任意组合或变体。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中以至少0.1g/m2的量向所述表面施加MFC。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中以至少0.1g/m2的量向所述表面施加淀粉。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中以至少0.05g/m2的量向所述表面施加聚DADMAC。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的方法,其中在用金属盐表面处理之前、在独立的步骤中施加粘合剂。
7.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的方法,其中使用粘合剂和金属盐的处理通过向纸板衬底的表面加入包括粘合剂和金属盐的组合物进行。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中以至少0.01g/m2的量、优选地以至少0.1g/m2的量向所述表面施加金属盐。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述聚合物层包括聚乙烯(PE)和/或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚丙烯(PP)和/或聚乳酸(PLA)和/或任何它们的生物基材料。
10.由根据权利要求1~9中任一项所述的方法制备的包装材料。
11.包装材料,其包括:
纸板衬底,
包括粘合剂的最内侧的第一层,
施加在所述第一层上的包括金属盐的第二层,
印刷在所述第二层的至少一部分上的水性油墨,
施加在所述经印刷的第二层上的热塑性聚合物层。
12.包装材料,其包括:
纸板衬底,
包括粘合剂和金属盐的最内侧的层,
印刷在所述最内侧的层的至少一部分上的水性油墨,
施加在所述经印刷的最内侧的层上的热塑性聚合物层。
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CN110637123A (zh) * | 2017-05-08 | 2019-12-31 | 斯道拉恩索公司 | 水分控制材料 |
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CN113811494A (zh) * | 2019-05-21 | 2021-12-17 | 旭化成株式会社 | 用于收纳纤维素树脂组合物的容器以及具有该容器和纤维素树脂组合物的包装体 |
CN113811494B (zh) * | 2019-05-21 | 2023-08-15 | 旭化成株式会社 | 用于收纳纤维素树脂组合物的容器以及具有该容器和纤维素树脂组合物的包装体 |
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US20160376750A1 (en) | 2016-12-29 |
WO2015136493A1 (en) | 2015-09-17 |
EP3117039A1 (en) | 2017-01-18 |
EP3117039A4 (en) | 2017-11-01 |
EP3117039B1 (en) | 2020-05-06 |
US11479917B2 (en) | 2022-10-25 |
CA2941100A1 (en) | 2015-09-17 |
PL3117039T3 (pl) | 2020-08-24 |
CN107002367B (zh) | 2022-03-04 |
CA2941100C (en) | 2022-07-19 |
ES2799405T3 (es) | 2020-12-17 |
JP2017512164A (ja) | 2017-05-18 |
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