CN106824183B - 负载金纳米粒子的中空介孔碳纳米球复合材料及其制备方法与在持续处理co中的应用 - Google Patents
负载金纳米粒子的中空介孔碳纳米球复合材料及其制备方法与在持续处理co中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种负载金纳米粒子的中空介孔碳纳米球复合材料及其制备方法与在持续处理CO中的应用,在引发剂存在下,将苯胺与吡咯在含有表面活性剂的去离子水中聚合,形成中空碳前驱,然后经过煅烧得到中空介孔碳纳米球;将中空介孔碳纳米球浸泡在含有氯金酸的溶液中,搅拌处理,然后离心分离,去除液体得到负载金纳米粒子的中空介孔碳纳米球复合材料。本发明公开的制备方法操作简单,克服了现有技术需要复杂的制备方法才可制备出介孔碳载体并负载催化剂的缺陷;尤其是如此简单的制备方法制备的产品具有优异的处理CO的性能,非常利于工业化应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纳米复合材料技术领域,具体涉及一种负载金纳米粒子的中空介孔碳纳米球复合材料及其制备方法与在持续处理CO中的应用。
背景技术
随着近年来技术的迅速发展及快速的工业化,CO、SO2、NO2等有毒气体的排放严重超标,已经损坏了生态环境、危害了人类的身体健康。CO是常见且危害最大的有毒气体之一,CO气体的排放主要来自汽车尾气和煤炭等的不充分燃烧,它无色无味,且可迅速与人体中的血红蛋白结合,排挤氧气,造成人体缺氧,对人体的危害十分严重。因此处理CO气体的污染迫在眉睫,而利用金属纳米粒子催化氧化处理CO是一种有发展前途且应用广泛的气体处理方法。
金纳米粒子具有较高的稳定性和催化活性,但在实际应用中,金纳米粒子作为催化剂需要一个良好地载体。在以往的文献报道中,其常用的载体主要是TiO2、CeO2等,但是负载到氧化物上的金纳米粒子大小不可控,而且分布也不是太均匀,因此需要寻找一个更好的载体来负载金纳米粒子。
介孔碳材料是目前研究且应用广泛的一类载体材料;但无论是介孔碳材料还是将金纳米粒子均一负载其表面的制备方法都相对复杂,是目前面临的难题之一。因此,针对这种问题,很有必要研发一种简单且有效的制备方法来制备中空介孔碳球及负载型催化剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种负载金纳米粒子的中空介孔碳纳米球复合材料及其制备方法,采用原位还原的方法,将金纳米粒子负载到中空介孔碳球的孔道中,以实现持续处理空气中以及发动机发动时排出的CO气体的目的。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用如下具体技术方案:
一种负载金纳米粒子的中空介孔碳纳米球复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在引发剂存在下,将苯胺与吡咯在含有表面活性剂的去离子水中聚合,形成中空碳前驱,然后经过煅烧得到中空介孔碳纳米球;
(2)将中空介孔碳纳米球浸泡在含有氯金酸的溶液中,搅拌处理,然后离心分离,去除液体,最后还原处理得到负载金纳米粒子的中空介孔碳纳米球复合材料。
上述技术方案中,步骤(1)中,苯胺、吡咯、表面活性剂、引发剂、去离子水的质量比为13:9.3:2:63.5:2000;聚合的温度为0℃,时间为24小时;煅烧在氩气中进行,煅烧时升温速率为25℃/min,时间为20h,温度为800~900℃,优选900℃;优选的,先将苯胺、吡咯、表面活性剂与去离子水混合,然后加入预冷的引发剂进行聚合,优选在0℃预冷引发剂;引发剂优选过硫酸铵。
本发明首先采用简单的无模板的方法制备中空介孔碳纳米球,具有较大的比表面积、均一的孔径大小、良好的导电性、可控的结构,且重复性好,可以作为一个良好地容器负载金纳米粒子,而较大的比表面积可以促进催化性能,是一种良好的载体材料。
上述技术方案中,步骤(2)中,氯金酸溶液、中空介孔碳纳米球的用量比为1L∶10g;所述氯金酸溶液的浓度为18~25mmol/L,优选20 mmol/L;搅拌处理为真空条件下搅拌6小时;本发明采用简单的原位还原方法直接将Au纳米粒子负载到中空介孔碳球中,形成的Au纳米粒子极小,并且均一的负载到载体孔道中,利于持续的催化CO氧化。
本发明离心分离后直接将湿的负载金纳米粒子的中空介孔碳纳米球复合材料放入含有1%的CO环境中去,利用CO的弱还原性,将三价金离子还原成金纳米粒子,从而达到在制备催化剂的过程中以及制备完成之后持续催化CO的效果。
本发明进一步公开了上述负载金纳米粒子的中空介孔碳纳米球复合材料在持续处理CO中的应用。
本发明还公开了一种持续处理CO的方法,将上述负载金纳米粒子的中空介孔碳纳米球复合材料置入含有CO的环境中,即完成CO的处理。
本发明的优点:
1、本发明公开的负载金纳米粒子的中空介孔碳纳米球复合材料具有较大的比表面积、均一的孔径大小、良好的导电性、可控的结构;金纳米粒子均一地负载在容器中,较大的比表面积可以促进催化性能,是一种良好的负载型催化剂材料。
2、本发明公开的负载金纳米粒子的中空介孔碳纳米球复合材料的制备方法中,中空介孔碳球制备简单,孔径均一,比表面积大,且重复性好;,形成的Au纳米粒子极小,均一的负载到载体孔道中;在催化剂形成的过程中以及形成之后,可以持续的催化CO氧化。
3、本发明公开的负载金纳米粒子的中空介孔碳纳米球复合材料的制备方法操作简单,克服了现有技术需要复杂的制备方法才可制备出介孔碳载体并负载催化剂的缺陷;尤其是如此简单的制备方法制备的产品具有优异的处理CO的性能,非常利于工业化应用。
附图说明
图1为煅烧前聚合物碳前驱的透射电镜图;
图2为煅烧前聚合物碳前驱的扫描电镜图;
图3为900℃煅烧后中空介孔碳纳米球的透射电镜图;
图4为900℃煅烧后中空介孔碳纳米球的扫描电镜图;
图5为800℃煅烧后中空介孔碳纳米球的透射电镜图;
图6为800℃煅烧后中空介孔碳纳米球的扫描电镜图;
图7为20 mmol/L氯金酸溶液制备的Au/HCNs纳米粒子催化剂的透射电镜图;
图8为催化剂形成过程中的CO的转换图;
图9为20 mmol/L氯金酸溶液制备的Au/HCNs纳米粒子催化剂的催化效果图;
图10为25 mmol/L氯金酸溶液制备的Au/HCNs纳米粒子催化剂的透射电镜图;
图11为25 mmol/L氯金酸溶液制备的Au/HCNs纳米粒子催化剂的催化效果图。
具体实施方式
实施例一
中空介孔碳纳米球(HCNs)的制备,具体步骤如下:
将1.9ml苯胺、1.45ml吡咯、0.3g表面活性剂(TX-100)与300ml去离子水充分混合,然后将已准备好的预冷(0℃)的过硫酸铵快速加入,并在0℃下反应24h,然后反应产物聚合物碳前驱通过抽滤获得并用去离子水清洗。将聚合物碳前驱在真空干燥箱中烘干。
将烘干之后的前驱体放入管式炉中,在Ar气氛下进行煅烧,得到HCNs;升温速率5℃/min,煅烧时间20h,煅烧温度900℃,本发明通过煅烧从而获得比表面积较大的HCNs。
附图1为聚合物碳前驱的TEM图,附图2为聚合物碳前驱的SEM图,附图3为HCNs的TEM图,附图4为HCNs的SEM图。从图中可以看出中空球结构,且分布较均一,煅烧之后球的直径小于煅烧之前。
实施例二
中空介孔碳纳米球(HCNs)的制备,具体步骤如下:
将1.9ml苯胺、1.45ml吡咯、0.3g表面活性剂(TX-100)与300ml去离子水充分混合,然后将已准备好的预冷(0℃)的过硫酸铵快速加入,并在0℃下反应24h,然后反应产物聚合物碳前驱通过抽滤获得并用去离子水清洗。将聚合物碳前驱在真空干燥箱中烘干。将烘干之后的前驱体放入管式炉中,在Ar气氛下进行煅烧,得到HCNs;升温速率5℃/min,煅烧时间20h,煅烧温度800℃,本发明通过煅烧从而获得比表面积较大的HCNs。
附图5为HCNs的TEM图,附图6为HCNs的SEM图。从图中可以看出中空球结构,且分布较均一,煅烧之后球的直径小于煅烧之前,其比表面积小于900℃下煅烧的中空介孔碳球。
实施例三
将Au纳米粒子负载到中空介孔碳球的孔道中并持续催化CO氧化
将已准备好的200mg的HCNs(实施例一)分散到含有氯金酸的溶液中,为了得到分布相对均一的Au纳米粒子,采用了20 mmol/L的氯金酸溶液,取氯金酸溶液20ml,在真空条件下搅拌6h,然后用离心机分离(11000rpm 10min)。
将得到的含有氯金酸的HCNs分散到200ml水中,调节其PH至11,然后离心得到湿的HCNs,并将其直接放入1%的CO环境下进行还原并催化CO氧化。
附图7为负载Au纳米粒子后的催化剂的透射电镜图(TEM),从图中可以看出金纳米粒子成功负载到了HCNs的孔道中,而且分布相对均一。
具体的CO转换效果是通过气相色谱分析的。即通过标准气制定一条标准曲线,并把CO的浓度记录为1,然后随着催化的进行,浓度逐渐下降,从而得到具体的CO转换结果。
附图8为催化剂形成过程中的CO的转换图,附图9为催化剂形成之后的CO转换图。由图8可见,在催化剂的形成过程中CO的转换率大概为1%,证明CO的弱还原性可以将三价金离子还原成金纳米粒子,使持续催化氧化CO的技术效果得以实现,而一开始CO转换率陡升至0.5%左右是因为中空介孔碳球的吸附性能。图9中可以看出温度在150℃之前CO的转换率近乎不变,保持在1%左右,而在150℃之后,随着温度的升高,CO的转换率不断增加,最终达到65%左右。由附图9可知,本发明可应用于常温下CO的转化。大气中CO污染主要来源于汽车尾气的排放,CO转化率的计算方法如方程(1):
C0和C分别为实验中CO的初始浓度和测试浓度(每30分钟测试一次)。
实施例四
根据实施例三制备Au纳米粒子负载的中空介孔碳球,采用25 mmol/L的氯金酸溶液,制备的负载金纳米粒子的中空介孔碳纳米球复合材料,附图10为其透射电镜图片,从图中可以看出金纳米粒子分布相对不均一。附图11为催化效果,最终的转化率大致在50%。
通过以上分析,说明采用本发明的技术方案Au纳米粒子可以成功负载到中空介孔碳球的孔道中,且分布相对均一,并且对CO具有相对较好的催化活性。用中空介孔碳球作为载体,可以便于催化剂的回收,而且利用中空介孔碳球的吸附性能,此发明在合成催化剂的过程中以及合成以后可以持续的来进行CO的催化氧化。
Claims (4)
1.一种负载金纳米粒子的中空介孔碳纳米球复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)在引发剂存在下,将苯胺与吡咯在含有表面活性剂的去离子水中聚合,形成中空碳前驱,然后经过煅烧得到中空介孔碳纳米球;苯胺、吡咯、表面活性剂、引发剂、去离子水的质量比为13∶9.3∶2∶63.5∶2000;
(2)将中空介孔碳纳米球浸泡在含有氯金酸的溶液中,搅拌处理,然后离心分离,去除液体,最后还原处理得到负载金纳米粒子的中空介孔碳纳米球复合材料;氯金酸溶液、中空介孔碳纳米球的用量比为1L∶10g;所述氯金酸溶液的浓度为18~25mmol/L;搅拌处理为真空条件下搅拌6小时;还原处理在CO中进行。
2.根据权利要求1所述负载金纳米粒子的中空介孔碳纳米球复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,聚合的温度为0℃,时间为24小时;所述引发剂为过硫酸铵。
3.根据权利要求1所述负载金纳米粒子的中空介孔碳纳米球复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,煅烧在氩气中进行,煅烧时升温速率为5℃/min,时间为20h,温度为800~900℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述负载金纳米粒子的中空介孔碳纳米球复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,先将苯胺、吡咯、表面活性剂与去离子水混合,然后加入预冷的引发剂进行聚合。
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