CN106794086B - 由无纺织物和纺织聚合物网组成的外科手术拭子 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本申请介绍了一种外科手术拭子,该外科手术拭子由两层或更多层的无纺织物外层以及纺织聚合物网的内层来构成,有或没有x射线可检测的线,该纺织聚合物网能够例如通过针织或编织处理来获得。纺织物网能够在它的组分中有高弹性的材料,例如弹力纤维,或者也可选择,有能够在热处理后皱缩的材料的组合,例如聚酰胺或者聚酰胺和聚酯或者甚至聚酰胺和棉。在本申请中,还介绍了这种外科手术拭子的生产方法,该生产方法包括在使得无纺织物层和纺织聚合物网内层连接和交叠后进行多层的超声波焊接。本申请的外科手术拭子提高了性能特征,且涉及的生产方法简单、经济和自动化。
Description
技术领域
本申请介绍了一种外科手术拭子和它的制造方法。
背景技术
由亲水性纱布制成的预洗涤外科手术拭子是市场上非常普通的物品。在很多国家,由于更高的吸收容量以及海绵状和柔软的触觉,使用预洗涤的外科手术拭子代替正常的外科手术拭子被认为是优选的。这种外科手术拭子的提出非常类似于可重新使用的外科手术拭子的出现,该可重新使用的外科手术拭子在使用后进行洗涤和消毒,并由于由交叉感染的危险而开始放弃。
随着无纺织物的出现,外科手术纱布拭子大量地由外科手术无纺织物拭子代替。在本申请中,认为无纺织物相当于一层任何性质或来源的纤维、连续丝或者剁碎线,它们通过任意方式组织成网,并通过除了编织或纺织之外的任意方法或技术来相互连接。
与普通的纱布拭子相比,无纺织物拭子有更高的吸收容量和速率,合适的阻力、柔性和适应性。因为无纺织物拭子更少磨损和损伤,因此它们最终形成对于病人非常舒适的产品。这种特征使得该产品用于所有外科手术处理过程,包括最危急的外科手术处理过程。
在无纺织物拭子中的另外两个关键点是完全没有松开的线和缝合线。由于纱布拭子而产生的松开线可能导致感染,甚至可能导致手术室中的并发症。在无纺织物中没有线,将完全消除了该问题,而使用的缝合线通常由荧光增白剂污染。与纱布拭子的生产(该生产包括非常多的折叠和缝合操作)相反,这些拭子的生产和折叠整个由机器在控制的环境中进行,而并不处理产品,这保证降低了微生物负载。另一方面,使用无纺织物拭子从环境的观点和对于保护自然资源都很有利。纱布拭子由棉线来生产。据估计,世界上生产的、超过95%的棉使用对于环境有害的技术来获得,因为使用大量的杀虫剂和化肥。它的生产还需要大量的水。这种有限资源的缺乏是严重的环境威胁。除了所有技术优点,无纺织物还在生产成本和原材料消耗方面都比纱布的可选方案便宜。
因此,外科手术无纺织物拭子是对于纱布拭子的、非常有利的替代,除了关于海绵状、平滑和外观,这些能够通过预洗涤纱布拭子而获得。外科手术无纺织物拭子通常存在为平面形,因为预洗涤效果并不会在该材料中产生相同结果。
本申请公开了一种技术,目的是产生一种外科手术无纺织物拭子,存在与在外科手术预洗涤纱布拭子中类似的结构和特征。这种可能性以前有研究,如在美国专利3683921中所述。主要目的是将第二元件引入无纺织物的内部,该第二元件通过它的技术特征而使得最终物品有折皱外观。该第二元件、无纺织物的生产和在不同层之间的连接方法是在美国专利3683921所述的产品和本发明之间的主要区别。
无纺织物的生产开始于将纤维布置成一种面纱或网。用于获得这些纤维网的一种机械方法是梳理。在该方法中,纤维布置在梳理机中,并通过由针布或旋转齿覆盖的柱体或一系列鼓筒来梳理。为了压实由梳理形成的面纱,多年来,所有无纺织物都需要添加化学粘接剂,以便提供结构完整性和提高它的效果。这种无纺织物生产方法在美国专利3683921中介绍,用于形成外科手术拭子。在梳理中形成的纤维面纱通过水射流而与热塑性网交织,从而形成层叠结构,化学粘接剂随后添加给该层叠结构。在1980年代早期,其它的粘接技术快速发展,且有效方法使得工厂能够在不使用化学粘接剂的情况下生产较强和柔软的无纺织物。这些新粘接技术的主要优点是所述无纺织物并不包含甲醛或化学添加剂。
在US3683921中,中间层包括热塑性薄膜的网,特别是聚丙烯,该热塑性薄膜网使得拭子在热处理后有折皱特征。这种网薄膜的形成在文献US3881381中详细介绍,并基于在高温下加热高密度聚乙烯或聚丙烯的薄膜,形成网结构并随后冷却。在两层纤维内包含这种网薄膜能够使得它的结构收缩3至25%(由于薄膜的“弹性记忆”)。相反,这里提出的技术能够通过插入纺织物网而允许拭子收缩/皱缩,该纺织物网能够通过针织或编织处理而获得,由材料例如弹力纤维(elastane)或聚酰胺和聚酯或者甚至聚酰胺和棉来构成,在无纺织物层之间。在该文献US3683921中,在纤维的外层和热塑性薄膜网之间的结合这样进行,即通过使得这三层由高压水射流的系统的第一通道,以使得纤维交织在热塑性网中,随后施加粘接剂,再随后固化和干燥该粘接剂。随后,对这种加强层叠材料的不同层进行交叠,通过加热来焊接,并切割成合适尺寸。在成网形状的这些塑料薄膜层和交织纤维的拭子的全部四侧进行焊接和切割将不可避免地在切割区域中产生硬和粗糙的表面。在本发明中不需要这种步骤,因为外层由精加工无纺织物来构成,而并不施加任何粘接剂。在层之间的结合通过超声波来进行,因此使得拭子的端部(包括切割区域)能够柔软和具有柔性。
发明内容
本申请介绍了一种外科手术拭子,该外科手术拭子由两层或更多层的无纺织物外层、一层的内层纺织聚合物网来构成,有或没有x射线可检测的线,该外科手术拭子由具有高弹性的材料来构成,例如弹力纤维,或者由在热处理后有高度收缩能力的材料来构成,例如聚酰胺或者聚酰胺和聚酯或者甚至聚酰胺和棉,该特征引起在最终产品中的皱缩效果。
在本申请中,还介绍了这种外科手术拭子的生产方法,该生产方法包括在使得两层或更多层的无纺织物层和纺织聚合物网的内层连接和交叠之后通过超声波焊接这些层。
总体说明
本申请介绍了一种外科手术无纺织物拭子,具有与外科手术预洗涤纱布拭子类似的视觉特征,但是有更软和海绵状的触觉感受。
与在市场上可获得的主要物品比较,这种拭子明显提高了性能特征,包括高强度、高容量和吸收率以及减少的纤维或颗粒释放。
根据物品的预定最终用途,这些方面非常重要。在外层中使用无纺织物从物品性能的观点来看以及在经济性和环境影响方面都很有利。作为纺织物网的无纺织物都由可生物相容的材料来制造,这些材料在医疗领域的其它物品中常规使用,因此没有任何使用风险。
在本申请中介绍的外科手术拭子由两层或更多层的无纺织物外层以及纺织聚合物网的内层来构成,有或没有x射线可检测的线,具有高弹性或者通过施加热量而有高度收缩能力,从而能够在最终物品中获得皱缩或海绵状效果。
在连接和并置后,多层通过超声波而接合或焊接,从而形成层叠材料。之后进行切割和随后的收缩/皱缩。
如果纺织物网包括弹力纤维,连接、交叠和焊接在拉伸下进行,以便保留拉伸。切割使得应力松弛,这引起材料的收缩,从而在无纺织物表面引起非常折皱的结构,使得物品有极软和海绵状的触觉。
在纺织聚合物网包括聚酰胺或者聚酰胺和聚酯或者甚至聚酰胺和棉的情况下,在切割后进行热处理,这产生聚酰胺的皱缩,因此产生外科手术拭子的皱缩。
使用包括聚酰胺的纺织物网不需要在拉伸下施加。
在这里所述的产品中,层的焊接通过超声波来进行,因此不需要添加任何粘接剂,因此不需要干燥处理,不需要粘接剂的固化。
在拉伸松弛或热处理后,根据使用的纺织物网的类型,将产生用户特别欣赏的皱缩和柔软效果。而且,这些处理很容易施加,并具有在工业水平的减少成本。当产品包装和蒸汽消毒时,在处理中使用的热量也产生相同的柔软皱缩表面。
组分和外科手术拭子的生产方法能够使得物品加工成“扁平”外观,直到最终阶段,这时它再通过加热或松弛而皱缩。
这种方法使用便宜的材料,并构成具有很少步骤的自动生产处理。因此,最终的物品以比当前的外科手术纱布拭子的生产方法明显更经济的方式来生产。还有,当与外科手术纱布拭子比较时,生产处理的自动化和完全没有人工干预将必然减少在该物品中发现的微生物负载(load),在外科手术纱布拭子的生产中,存在大量的折叠和缝合操作。
附图说明
为了更容易理解技术,将参考附图,附图表示了优选实施例,不过并不将限制本申请的主题。
图1表示了外科手术无纺织物拭子的示意图,该外科手术无纺织物拭子(1)在它的最终外观中有预洗涤的样子。
图2表示了在纺织物网包括具有高弹性的材料例如弹力纤维的情况下拭子(1)的生产方法,该生产方法通过使得两层无纺织物的外层(2)和弹性纺织物网的内层连接,并在拉伸(3)下布置,以便保持伸展。三层通过压辊(11)来交叠,并通过超声波(12)而焊接在一起,从而形成仍然在拉伸下的层叠材料(4)。随后,层叠材料(4)通过刀片系统(13)而切割成所需的尺寸。层叠材料(4)的切割使得纺织物网松弛,从而使得它返回至它的初始形状,因此在无纺织物表面产生皱缩效果,它在伸展时焊接在该无纺织物表面上。因此,获得收缩的开口拭子(5),该拭子(5)运动至固定条带施加台板,并折叠(4)成最终物品。
图3表示了具有纺织物网的拭子(1)的生产示意图,该纺织物网包括聚酰胺或者聚酰胺和聚酯或者甚至聚酰胺和棉。聚酰胺或者聚酰胺和聚酯或棉的纺织物网(6)在并不施加任何拉伸的情况下使用。无纺织物层(2)和聚酰胺、聚酰胺和聚酯或者聚酰胺和棉的纺织物网(6)的交叠通过压辊(11)来进行。然后,通过超声波(12)来对层叠材料(7)进行焊接。将层叠材料切割成合适尺寸将在刀片系统(13)中进行,从而获得没有皱缩(8)的开口拭子。然后,对该拭子进行热处理(15),从而产生收缩的开口拭子(9)。施加固定条带和折叠的最终步骤与上面所述相同,并在台板(14)上进行。
在图2和3所示的两种情况下,还能够通过焊接或通过另外的方法来施加可由X射线(10)来检测的线或条带。
图4表示了通过单个辊而同时在拭子的端部(15和16)和内部(17)处施加超声波焊接(12)。
图5表示了通过两个不同辊来施加超声波焊接(12)。
具体实施方式
下面将参考附图更详细地介绍一些实施例,不过,这些实施例并不限制本申请的范围。
在一个实施例中,在纺织物网包括弹力纤维的情况下,拭子(1)的生产处理包括使得两层无纺织物的外层(2)和弹性纺织物网的内层连接,布置于拉伸(3)下,以便保留伸展。这三层通过压辊(11)来交叠,并通过超声波(12)而焊接在一起,从而形成仍然在拉伸下的层叠材料(4)。随后,层叠材料(4)通过刀片系统(13)而切割成合适尺寸。层叠材料(4)的切割使得纺织物网松弛,从而使它返回至它的初始形状,因此在无纺织物表面上产生皱缩效果,它在伸展时焊接在该无纺织物表面上。因此,获得收缩的开口拭子(5),该拭子(5)移动至固定条带施加台板,并折叠(14)成最终物品。
在一个实施例中,在纺织物网包括聚酰胺或者聚酰胺和聚酯或者甚至聚酰胺和棉的情况下,拭子的生产方法包括通过压辊(11)来进行两层无纺织物的外层(2)和一层聚酰胺或聚酰胺和聚酯或者甚至聚酰胺和棉的纺织物网的内层的连接和交叠。然后,通过超声波(12)来对层叠材料(7)进行焊接。将层叠材料切割成合适尺寸将在刀片系统(13)中进行,从而获得没有皱缩(8)的开口拭子。该拭子再进行热处理(15),从而产生收缩的开口拭子(9)。施加固定条带和折叠的最终步骤与上面所述相同,并在台板(14)上进行。
在优选实施例中,在40和80℃之间的温度下进行热处理。在该温度范围中,通过乙撑氧进行的消毒将引起合适的皱缩效果,从而不需要在生产机器中的加热站。
在优选实施例中,不管使用的纺织物网的类型如何,层的交叠通过压辊来进行。
在优选实施例中,不管使用的纺织物网的类型如何,切割通过刀片系统来进行。
在一个实施例中,进行施加固定条带的操作以便它在一端处固定。固定条带保持在外科手术切口的外部,而拭子在内部,以便保证拭子不会在外科手术后遗忘在病人体内。
在一个实施例中,还能够施加可由X射线(10)检测的线或条带。在一个实施例中,这种施加通过焊接来进行。
如在图4和5中所示,有两种可选方法用于在无纺织物薄层和弹力纤维纺织物网(4)上或者在具有无纺织物的薄层以及聚酰胺或者聚酰胺和聚酯或者甚至聚酰胺和棉的纺织物网(7)上施加超声波焊接(12)。
在图5的第一辊中,执行与辊(16)平行的外部焊接以及内部焊接(17),同时对第二辊执行与该辊(15)垂直的外部焊接。
对拭子进行测试的结果
在下面的表格中表示了在对无纺织物的外科手术拭子的代表试样进行的测试中获得的结果,当在内部使用弹力纤维、聚酰胺、聚酰胺和聚酯或者聚酰胺和棉的纺织物网时,与当前可用的其它选择相比,具有预洗涤的效果:
吸收容量
具有弹力纤维、聚酰胺、聚酰胺和聚酯或聚酰胺和棉的网的无纺织物拭子的吸收容量比可获得的不同类型拭子的吸收容量高得多。
表1-具有弹力纤维、聚酰胺、聚酰胺和聚酯或聚酰胺和棉的网的外科手术无纺织物拭子的吸收容量值与当前市场上的其它产品的比较。
吸收速率:
在从测试开始5和10秒后,具有弹力纤维、聚酰胺、聚酰胺和聚酯或聚酰胺和棉的网的外科手术无纺织物拭子具有比外科手术预洗涤纱布拭子更高百分比的水保持量。
表2和3-对于预洗涤外科手术纱布拭子和对于具有弹力纤维、聚酰胺、聚酰胺和聚酯或聚酰胺和棉的网的外科手术无纺织物拭子分别在10秒和5秒结束时获得的吸收速率值。
表2-测试时间-10秒
表3-测试时间-5秒
纤维和颗粒的释放
具有弹力纤维、聚酰胺、聚酰胺和聚酯或聚酰胺和棉的网的外科手术无纺织物拭子具有比外科手术预洗涤纱布拭子更低量的释放颗粒。
表4-对于外科手术预洗涤纱布拭子和对于具有弹力纤维、聚酰胺、聚酰胺和聚酯或聚酰胺和棉的网的外科手术无纺织物拭子获得的纤维和颗粒的释放值。
化学特性:
对于具有弹力纤维、聚酰胺、聚酰胺和聚酯或聚酰胺和棉的网的外科手术无纺织物拭子在化学特性测试中获得的值在由可用标准确定的参数内。
表5-对于外科手术预洗涤纱布拭子和对于具有弹力纤维、聚酰胺、聚酰胺和聚酯或聚酰胺和棉的网的外科手术无纺织物拭子在不同化学特性测试中获得的值。
当然,本发明的实施例决不局限于这里所述的实施例,本领域技术人员在不脱离如在权利要求中确定的总体思想的情况下能够有它的多种变化可能。
上述全部实施例显然可相互组合。下面的权利要求进一步确定了优选实施例。
Claims (7)
1.外科手术拭子,所述外科手术拭子包括:
a)无纺织物的第一层;
b)纺织聚合物网的第二层,所述第二层与所述第一层相邻,所述第二层包括从以下选择的聚合物:
聚酰胺和聚酯;以及
聚酰胺和棉;并且
无纺织物的第三层,所述第三层与所述第二层相邻;
其中,所述第二层布置在所述第一层和所述第三层之间,
其中,纺织聚合物网通过编织或针织而获得,
其中,所述第一层、第二层和第三层超声焊接以形成层叠材料,并且所述层叠材料被切割,
其中,切割后的层叠材料在40度和80度之间的温度被施加热处理,以产生外科手术拭子的皱缩包层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术拭子的生产方法,包括以下步骤:
-通过压辊使得无纺织物的第一层、与所述第一层相邻的纺织聚合物网的第二层和与所述第二层相邻的无纺织物的第三层连接和交叠,其中,所述第二层布置在所述第一层和所述第三层之间,并且所述第二层包括从以下选择的聚合物:
聚酰胺和聚酯;以及
聚酰胺和棉;
-对所述第一层、所述第二层和所述第三层进行超声波焊接以形成层叠材料;以及
-切割所述层叠材料,
其中,纺织聚合物网通过编织或针织而获得,
其中,所述生产方法还包括对切割后的层叠材料在40度和80度之间的温度施加热处理,以产生外科手术拭子的皱缩包层。
3.根据权利要求2所述的生产方法,其中:在拉伸下进行连接、交叠和焊接步骤。
4.根据权利要求2所述的生产方法,其中:通过刀片系统进行切割。
5.根据权利要求2所述的生产方法,还包括:施加固定条带。
6.根据权利要求2所述的生产方法,还包括:外科手术拭子的折叠步骤。
7.根据权利要求2所述的生产方法,还包括:施加可由X射线检测的线或条带。
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