CN106613601A - Camellia oleifera cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a camellia oleifera cultivation method. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of 1 planted land selection, 2 land arrangement, 3 transplanting, 4 intertillage weeding and fertilization, 5 shaping and trimming, 6 deep excavation and reclamation and 7 pest and disease damage control. The method has the advantages that the camellia oleifera cultivation method is scientific and reasonable, planted camellia oleifera is excellent in variety and high in yield, and the method is suitable for large-scale planting and has significant economic, social and ecological benefits.

Description

A kind of cultural method of tea oil tree

Background field

The present invention relates to seedling growth field, more particularly to a kind of cultural method of tea oil tree.

Technical background

Tea oil is well received by consumers with its best in quality, nutrition and health care market image.Tea oil in addition to as edible oil, By deep processing as the feedstock oil and matrix oil of cosmetics, various skin cares, hair care, massage, sun care preparations and perfume (or spice) can be developed Ripple series of products.Tea oil can also produce oleic acid, fixed oil and stearic acid, be production soap, margarine, rubber curing agent, The raw material of the industrial goods such as glass fibre emulsifying agent, plastics industry, the softening agent of mechanical industry, lubricant and machine oil Etc..The oil cake produced after Property of Tea oil Tree Fruit oil expression, can extract Residual oil, Tea Saponin etc..Tea shell is the pericarp of camellia oleifera fruit.It is to extract The good raw material of the raw materials of industry such as alditol, xylitol and mimosa extract and making gourmet food activated carbon, moreover it is possible to make culture medium Production edible mushroom etc..

China has a large population and a few land, and grain and oil imbalance between supply and demand is projected, and high quality food oil about 60% relies on import.And oil tea is used as south China Most important practical vegetable oil resource, with obvious advantage and prospect.

The content of the invention

For the problems referred to above the invention provides one kind is scientific and reasonable, the tea oil tree kind planted out is excellent, yield is high, and is adapted to The cultural method of the tea oil tree of implant mass.

To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of cultural method of tea oil tree, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

(1) plantation measures：Forest land should be selected in below height above sea level 300m, below 25 ° of the gradient, soil layer thickness more than 60cm, Vegetation coverage more than 50%, soil pH value 5～6, slope aspect is where sun；

(2) site preparation：Time of site preparation in late summer to autumn Mo, the gradient at 15 °～25 ° and domatic long hillside, take along etc. High line carries out horizontal band-like site preparation, and 1～2m of bandwidth is beneficial to and conserves water and soil.；Gentle slope of the gradient below 15 °, enforcement is cultivated entirely Site preparation or horizontal bench site preparation；

(3) transplant：Oil tea plant favorable season is the beginning of spring to the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), this phase favourable oil tea Survival rate of nursery stock with heavy rainfall；Plant day Gas should select the cloudy day after the rain or will be before rainfall cloudy day plant；Should strictly grasp all the time during plant righting, Shu Gen, Layering ridging is treaded, and earths up into erosion capitiform and depth in the deep 1～2cm of nursery lot；

(4) weeding and fertilising in：First 3 years of afforestation, annual the end of spring and the beginning of summer and autumn each middle weeding once, the 4th～6 year Weeding once, cultivated per 3 years and deep-cut again once in annual autumn, and based on nitrogen fertilizer application, suitable to apply phosphate fertilizer, the spring applies quick-acting fertilizer, often 50～150g of urea is applied in strain, and the winter applies depot fertilizer, and per plant is applied 100～250g of phosphate fertilizer；

(5) pruning：Take make because of tree-pruning, because of branch shape, cut it is close stay it is dilute, go it is weak stay strong, good year light pruning, off year heavy pruning Method prune, form the globular model and natural open centre shape tree crown of three-dimensional result；

(6) deep-cut and cultivate multiple：Winter-Spring is deep-cut and cultivates multiple, general deep 20～25cm, is deep-cut within 3 years one, is intertilled within 1 year one, and cultivating will prevent again Only soil erosion, preferably adopts below 15 ° of slopes and cultivates entirely, and more than 15 ° of slopes preferably band is cultivated, cave is cultivated, staged cultivates multiple；

(7) prevention and elimination of disease and pests：Winter-Spring combines branch-finishing and pruning and removes the reduction infections sources such as sick branch, sick leaf, disease fruit.Counterweight diseased plant and Grave illness standing forest, 10 days or so 1% Bordeaux mixture of spray add 2% tea seed cake water before summer fruit disease peak；Or 50% Tuzet it is wettable 300 times of liquid of powder；Or 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid.Even spray 3～4 times, are spaced spray in 10～14 days once.

As the preferred of above-mentioned technical proposal, cultivate entirely in the step (2) after entirety again by 2m line-spacing levels moat of raising surrounded by mountains, moat Wide, deep each 0.8m, per mu of landfill grass or weeds 1000kg in moat, after tracking tramping earth backing 0.6m, per mu is applied phosphate fertilizer 150kg, then Carry out table soil to be covered with, earth backing is higher by 10～15cm of earth's surface.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：The cultural method of the tea oil tree that the present invention is provided is scientific and reasonable, and the tea oil tree kind planted out is excellent Good, yield is high, and is adapted to implant mass, there is significant economic, society, ecological benefits.

Specific embodiment

The principle and feature of the present invention are described below, example is served only for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit this Bright scope.

A kind of cultural method of tea oil tree, comprises the following steps：

(1) plantation measures：Forest land should be selected in below height above sea level 300m, below 25 ° of the gradient, soil layer thickness more than 60cm, Vegetation coverage more than 50%, soil pH value 5～6, slope aspect is where sun；

(2) site preparation：Time of site preparation in late summer to autumn Mo, the gradient at 15 °～25 ° and domatic long hillside, take along etc. High line carries out horizontal band-like site preparation, and 1～2m of bandwidth is beneficial to and conserves water and soil.；Gentle slope of the gradient below 15 °, enforcement is cultivated entirely Site preparation or horizontal bench site preparation；

(3) transplant：Oil tea plant favorable season is the beginning of spring to the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), this phase favourable oil tea Survival rate of nursery stock with heavy rainfall；Plant day Gas should select the cloudy day after the rain or will be before rainfall cloudy day plant；Should strictly grasp all the time during plant righting, Shu Gen, Layering ridging is treaded, and earths up into erosion capitiform and depth in the deep 1～2cm of nursery lot；

(4) weeding and fertilising in：First 3 years of afforestation, annual the end of spring and the beginning of summer and autumn each middle weeding once, the 4th～6 year Weeding once, cultivated per 3 years and deep-cut again once in annual autumn, and based on nitrogen fertilizer application, suitable to apply phosphate fertilizer, the spring applies quick-acting fertilizer, often 50～150g of urea is applied in strain, and the winter applies depot fertilizer, and per plant is applied 100～250g of phosphate fertilizer；

(5) pruning：Take make because of tree-pruning, because of branch shape, cut it is close stay it is dilute, go it is weak stay strong, good year light pruning, off year heavy pruning Method prune, form the globular model and natural open centre shape tree crown of three-dimensional result；

(6) deep-cut and cultivate multiple：Winter-Spring is deep-cut and cultivates multiple, general deep 20～25cm, is deep-cut within 3 years one, is intertilled within 1 year one, and cultivating will prevent again Only soil erosion, preferably adopts below 15 ° of slopes and cultivates entirely, and more than 15 ° of slopes preferably band is cultivated, cave is cultivated, staged cultivates multiple；

(7) prevention and elimination of disease and pests：Winter-Spring combines branch-finishing and pruning and removes the reduction infections sources such as sick branch, sick leaf, disease fruit.Counterweight diseased plant and Grave illness standing forest, 10 days or so 1% Bordeaux mixture of spray add 2% tea seed cake water before summer fruit disease peak；Or 50% Tuzet it is wettable 300 times of liquid of powder；Or 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid.Even spray 3～4 times, are spaced spray in 10～14 days once.

Specifically, in the present embodiment, cultivate entirely in step (2) again by 2m line-spacing levels moat of raising surrounded by mountains after entirety, moat width, depth are each Per mu of landfill grass or weeds 1000kg in 0.8m, moat, after tracking tramping earth backing 0.6m, per mu is applied phosphate fertilizer 150kg, then carries out table soil again Lid, earth backing is higher by 10～15cm of earth's surface.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of cultural method of tea oil tree, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

(1) plantation measures：Forest land should be selected in below height above sea level 300m, below 25 ° of the gradient, soil layer thickness more than 60cm, Vegetation coverage more than 50%, soil pH value 5～6, slope aspect is where sun；

(2) site preparation：Time of site preparation in late summer to autumn Mo, the gradient at 15 °～25 ° and domatic long hillside, take along etc. High line carries out horizontal band-like site preparation, and 1～2m of bandwidth is beneficial to and conserves water and soil.；Gentle slope of the gradient below 15 °, enforcement is cultivated entirely Site preparation or horizontal bench site preparation；

(3) transplant：Oil tea plant favorable season is the beginning of spring to the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), this phase favourable oil tea Survival rate of nursery stock with heavy rainfall；Plant day Gas should select the cloudy day after the rain or will be before rainfall cloudy day plant；Should strictly grasp all the time during plant righting, Shu Gen, Layering ridging is treaded, and earths up into erosion capitiform and depth in the deep 1～2cm of nursery lot；

(4) weeding and fertilising in：First 3 years of afforestation, annual the end of spring and the beginning of summer and autumn each middle weeding once, the 4th～6 year Weeding once, cultivated per 3 years and deep-cut again once in annual autumn, and based on nitrogen fertilizer application, suitable to apply phosphate fertilizer, the spring applies quick-acting fertilizer, often 50～150g of urea is applied in strain, and the winter applies depot fertilizer, and per plant is applied 100～250g of phosphate fertilizer；

(5) pruning：Take make because of tree-pruning, because of branch shape, cut it is close stay it is dilute, go it is weak stay strong, good year light pruning, off year heavy pruning Method prune, form the globular model and natural open centre shape tree crown of three-dimensional result；

(6) deep-cut and cultivate multiple：Winter-Spring is deep-cut and cultivates multiple, general deep 20～25cm, is deep-cut within 3 years one, is intertilled within 1 year one, and cultivating will prevent again Only soil erosion, preferably adopts below 15 ° of slopes and cultivates entirely, and more than 15 ° of slopes preferably band is cultivated, cave is cultivated, staged cultivates multiple；

(7) prevention and elimination of disease and pests：Winter-Spring combines branch-finishing and pruning and removes the reduction infections sources such as sick branch, sick leaf, disease fruit.Counterweight diseased plant and Grave illness standing forest, 10 days or so 1% Bordeaux mixture of spray add 2% tea seed cake water before summer fruit disease peak；Or 50% Tuzet it is wettable 300 times of liquid of powder；Or 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid.Even spray 3～4 times, are spaced spray in 10～14 days once.

2. the cultural method of tea oil tree as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that cultivate entirely after entirety again in the step (2) By 2m line-spacing levels moat of raising surrounded by mountains, moat width, deep each 0.8m, per mu of landfill grass or weeds 1000kg, track tramping earth backing 0.6m in moat Afterwards, apply phosphate fertilizer 150kg for per mu, then carry out table soil and be covered with, earth backing is higher by 10～15cm of earth's surface.